NAME:

GRADE & SECTION:

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
MODULE
UNIT 1
4
Mental Health &

Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Stress

 Discuss the understanding of mental health and

psychological wellbeing to identify ways to cope with
stress during adolescence. (Most Essential Learning
Competency).
 Identify the causes and effects of stress in one's life.
Prepared by:  Demonstrate personal ways to cope with stress and
MUTYA A. DELOS REYES maintain mental health.
MUTYA A. DELOS REYES
SHS Teacher III
CECILIA B. TANGLAO
CECILIA
1|PagB.e TANGLAO
SHS Subject
Master Teachers
Teacher II
What is It.

How are you feeling right now? How have you been for the past few
weeks? Are you disappointed? Feeling stress out? Not motivated? Are you
affected so much by the COVID-19 pandemic? If your answer is YES, you are not
alone.

Just like our physical health, mental health is essential in our lives.
However, it is different when one has a mental illness because this
includes emotional, psychological, and social health. It can influence one's
feelings, thoughts, social and emotional well-being.

Magpantay and Danao (2016), from the 1999 Surgeon General's Report
on Mental Health, defined mental health as "successful performance of the
mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other
people, and the ability to change and to cope with adversity." Mental illness
refers to diagnosable mental disorders characterized by alterations in thinking,
mood, or behavior (or a combination thereof) associated with distress and
impaired functioning."

Most mental health problems diagnosed in adulthood begin in

adolescence. Half of the lifetime diagnosable mental health disorders start by
age 14; this number increases to three fourths by age 24. The most common
disorders among adolescents include depression, anxiety disorders, and
attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder. The table
below shows some common types of mental health.

Symptoms Causes
1. Depression Disorder of emotion or mood Self-images, body images,
(sadness, hopelessness, Separation of parents,
misery, inability to enjoy). On emotionally unavailable
Cognitive aspects symptom parents, parents who have
manifest by negative high marital conflict, and
conditions about self, world parents with financial
and future. On Motivational problems. Poor personal
symptoms are loss of interest, relationships, experiencing
lack of drive, and difficulty on peer rejection.
starting in anything. On
somatic symptoms are losses
of energy, sleep difficulties loss
of appetite and weight loss
/gain.

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2. Eating Disorder Extraordinary weight loss Feeling negatively about
their bodies and highly
motivated to look like
same-sex figures in the
TYPES OF EATING media
DISORDER

A. Anorexia Nervosa Persistent pursuit of thinner

built through hunger.
Intense fear of gaining
weight. Weighing less than
what is considered normal to
their age and height.

B. Bulimia Nervosa Binge eating and then

purges by self-inducing
vomiting or using a laxative.

3. ANXIETY Over worrying about future Genes likely play a role in

events and fear is a causing anxiety, as well as
reaction to current events. the home, neighborhood,
school, and other
environmental factors.

TYPES OF
ANXIETY

A. Separation Anxiety Excessive anxiety felt by

Disorder children when their
parents leave them. They
may worry that something
bad might happen to their
parent or to someone else
they love. Refuse to go to
school or they may be
unable to go to sleep
without a parent being
present. They may have
nightmares about being lost
or kidnapped. They may also
have physical symptoms
like stomach aches, feeling
sick to their stomach, or
even throwing up out of fear.

B. Generalized Anxiety The condition in which has

Disorder (GAD) many worries and fears.
They have physical
symptoms like tense
muscles, a restless
feeling, becoming tired
easily, having problems
concentrating, or trouble
sleeping.

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C. Social Phobia It involves worrying about
social situations, like having
to go to school or having to
speak in class. Symptoms may
include sweating, blushing, or
muscle tension. Often overly
sensitive to criticism and have
trouble standing up for
themselves. Has low self-
esteem, become easily
embarrassed, and become very
shy and self-conscious.

D. Obsessive-Compulsive Frequent, uncontrollable

Disorder (OCD) thoughts ("obsessions") that
are unreasonable. These
thoughts come into their mind
a lot. They then need to
perform certain routines or
rituals ("compulsions") to try to
get rid of the thoughts.
Children and adolescents with
this disorder will often repeat
behaviors to avoid some
imagined outcomes.

E. Panic Disorder When they feel very scared or

have hard time breathing and
their heart is pounding. They
may also feel shaky, dizzy, and
think they are going to lose
their mind or even die. The
teen or child may not want to
go to school or leave the house
at all because they are
afraid something awful will
happen to them.

F. Post-Traumatic Stress The symptoms include

Disorder (PTSD) jumpiness, muscle tension,
being overly aware of one's
surroundings (hypervigilance),
nightmares, and other sleep
problems. Feeling like they are
"re-living" the traumatic
experience.

No one experiences perfect mental health or well-being all the time.

However, ongoing mental health problems can affect many areas of your
life, such as relationships with others, sleep appetite, energy levels, even the
ability to think clearly or make decisions, and inability to perform daily tasks. In
short, it can affect the totality of a person. Nevertheless, one must learn to
balance the different aspects of one's life. Mental health and wellness matter in as
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much as positive mental health allows people to grasp their full potential, work
productively, and make significant contributions to society.

Being a student, a son/daughter, a brother/sister, a choir member, an

officer of the club and being a member of the community are examples of
different roles of an adolescent that comes with significant responsibilities.
Moreover, it can be overwhelming sometimes and stressful because of its many
demands. In this multi-tasking world, it is better to understand your situation to
manage different circumstances, solve problems, and resolve conflicts.
What worries you a lot? What makes you stressed out? But first, let us
define what is stress and your stressor.
According to Merriam-Webster, the stress as a noun is a state of mental
tension and worry caused by problems in one's life, work, and many others that
causes intense feelings of worry or anxiety. As stated by Ferret in his book
Peak Performance, stress is simply the body’s response to external events (e.g.,
taking an exam or giving a speech) or internal events (e.g., fear, worry, or
unresolved anger). Everything one experiences stimulate the body to react and
respond.
Magpantay and Danao (2016) stated two categories of stress: eustress
and distress. Eustress is positive stress for it is helpful—it motivates the
individual to keep on working and reach for the goal. Distress, on the other
hand, is negative stress because it could give harmful implications to the
individual, such as anxiety and depression; discourages the individual from
becoming productive; and could cause emotional, physical, and psychological
problems.
The situations and pressures that cause stress are known as stressors. We
usually think of stressors as being negative, such as an exhausting work
schedule or a rocky relationship. However, anything that puts high demands
can be stressful. It includes positive events such as getting married, buying a
house, going to college, or receiving a promotion.

Of course, not all stress is caused by external factors. Stress can also be
internal or self-generated, when one worries excessively about something that
may or may not happen, or have irrational, pessimistic thoughts about life.

KINDS OF STRESSORS
1. Cataclysmic events are strong stresses that suddenly occur and may
simultaneously affect many people (Feldman, 2010). Natural disasters like
typhoons, coding, global warming effects, and earthquakes are examples of
this kind of stressors—likewise, man-made troubles such as terrorist attacks,
ship or plane crash, and bombings.

2. Personal stressors refer to conditions, events, situations, or anything that

causes stress to an individual. It could be positive or negative stressors such as
marrying, death of a loved one, getting a new job or job loss, starting and
ending class, transferring to new schools, leaving old friends, and many others.
Moreover, stress occurs when the individual is experiencing frustration, pressure,
or conflict.

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3. Background stressors or daily hassles (Feldman, 2010) are also referred to as
displeasures that could be encountered every day, such as standing in the long
line while waiting for the train, stuck in heavy traffic, noise, and pollution of the
environment. Another background stressor is experiencing dissatisfaction with
school or a job, being in an unhappy relationship, or living in crowded quarters
without privacy (Feldman 2010; Weinstein et al., 2004; McIntyre, Korn, & Matsuo,
2008). Stress symptoms may affect one's health, even though one may not realize
it. You may think illness is to blame for that irritating headache, frequent insomnia
or decreased productivity at work. However, stress may be the cause.

Common Effects of Stress

Indeed, stress symptoms can affect your body, thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Your ability to recognize common stress symptoms can help you manage them.
Stress that is left unchecked can contribute to many health problems, like
hypertension, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.

On your body On your mood On your behavior

Headache Anxiety Overeating or undereating

Muscle tension or pain Restlessness Angry outbursts

Chest pain Lack of motivation or focus Drug or alcohol misuse

Fatigue Feeling overwhelmed Tobacco use

Change in sex drive Irritability or anger Social withdrawal

Stomach upset Sadness or depression Exercising less often

You can choose to perceive stress as a challenge or something to avoid.

You can choose a positive, optimistic outlook; use resources; and re-channel
energy in positive and productive ways. Stress is something you can learn to
manage with coping strategies.

A little stress can add excitement to one’s life and may even help you to be
motivated. However, failure to cope with prolonged stress effectively can wear
you down. The solution is not to avoid stress but to acknowledge it directly by
learning to manage and channel it.

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What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 5.1: ABC Method of Self-

Management (Critical - Thinking, Character
Building)

Instruction: Describe the situation in which you suffered from lack of sleep, not
eating healthy, or stressed out. Apply the ABC method to work through the
scenario and achieve a positive outcome.

A = ACTUAL EVENT
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B = BELIEF
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C = CHALLENGE
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At least one strategy I learned in this module that I plan to try right away is:
__________________________________________________________________
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What changes must I make in order for this strategy to be effective?
__________________________________________________________________
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SOURCE: Ferret,S.Peak Performance Success in Colege and beyond(7th ed,384-
388/406/408).1221Avenue of the Americas, New York:McGraw Hill, Companies,Inc.

Assessment (Critical Thinking)

Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Write only the letter before each
number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____ 1. Stresses that suddenly occur and A. EUSTRESS

may simultaneously affect many people.

_____ 2. Stress occurs when the individual B. BACKGROUND

is experiencing frustration, pressure, or STRESSOR
conflict.
C. POST TRAUMATIC
_____ 3. Simon knew he is having difficulty STRESS DISORDER
coping with his Math subject. Whenever his
teacher announces their scores in math D. DISTRESS
quizzes he is being observed to be shaking
and sweating a lot. He also had an episode E. SEPARATION
of difficulty breathing while taking a major ANXIETY DISORDER
examination on that subject.
F. PANIC DISORDER
_____ 4. These are displeasures that could
be encountered every day. G. PERSONAL STRESSOR

_____ 5. Phillip is failing this school year due H. OBSESSIVE-

to excessive absences. He admitted to his COMPULSIVE
parents that he purposely absent himself in DISORDER
class because he did not want to speak on
his reporting assignment. He also refuses I. CATACLYSMIC EVENTS
to stand up whenever his teacher calls his
name for recitation. He does not even mingle J. SOCIAL PHOBIA
with his classmates and eat alone in the canteen.

_____ 6. This refers to the kind of stress that

is helpful.

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_____ 7. A kind of stress that gives harmful
implications to any individual.

_____ 8. Belle and two of her classmates

were being held up last week by unknown
culprits. Her cellular phone and wallet were
taken from her. Her mother observed her
having nightmares and excessive sweating
during her sleep. She also has difficulty
going to school alone that her mother always
accompanies and pick her up from school.

_____ 9. Mia is an incoming senior high

school student. But she does not want to
go to school anymore because the school
is in a different town. This means she will
be staying alone in the dormitory with some
unfamiliar students. She worries a lot that
something that may happen to her parents
if she will be with them at all times. She also
had an idea that she might be lost or
kidnapped. This gives her a hard time that
she cries all night long and having nightmares.

_____ 10. Lisa is known to be prim and proper

student in school. But his teacher is worried
about her inordinate behavior in keeping her
things in an orderly manner. She has difficulty
finishing tasks due to repetitive answer
sheets being thrown on the waste basket
because of erasures. She also lost her focus
on a school task whenever she is trying to
arrange her school materials which she would
like to get it orderly even if it means doing it
over and over again.

Additional Activities

Portfolio Output 5.2: My Mental Health

Awareness (Critical - Thinking, Creativity,
Character Building)

DIRECTION: On THE SPACE PROVIDED AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, be

creative and artistic to make a SLOGAN about mental health and psychological
wellbeing awareness.

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RUBRICS FOR SLOGAN

CRITERIA HIGHEST POSSIBLE POINTS

Relevance (Relation to the topic) 3

Originality (Uniqueness) 3

Creativity (Artistry) 3

Overall Slogan Impact (Appeal) 3

TOTAL 12

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SPACE PROVIDED FOR YOUR SLOGAN

*** end of module 5 ***

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