Chemistry Objective Notes

Chapter 1,2,3

1. Discuss the foundation of chemistry

2. Explain the concept of scientific notation with regard to measuring numbers and significant figures
3. Perform significant figure calculations

4. Write conversion factors F = 1.8*C +32
5. Discuss carbon dioxide and its relation to global warming
6. Determine calorie counts 1 cal = 4.184 J , Carb,Protein = 4 cal, Fat = 9 cal
7. Discuss the role of chemistry with regard to losing and gaining weight
Chapter 4,5
1. Discuss the properties of mercury in relation to toxicity
a. Destroys proteins, toxic to cels, brain/kidney damage, bacteria convert to mercury to
methylmercury which attacks CNS
2. Draw and explain the periodic table
3. Discuss the properties of atoms including the atomic number and mass number
4. Solve chemical problems
5. Determine atomic mass
6. Draw orbital diagrams and electron configurations
7. Determine the half life of a radioisotope
8. Discuss the role of radiation and isotopes in relation to food processing and dating fossils
Chapter 6,7
1. Name and write ionic formulas
2. Discuss the sharing of electrons among covalent compounds
3. Explain bold polarity with regard to electronegativity
4. Differentiate oxidation and reduction
5. Calculate molar mass
6. Discuss the role of oxidation with regard to fruit and vegetable ripening
7. Calculate percent yields and limiting reactants

Chapter 8,9
1. Explain the properties of gases and gas pressure
2. Define the following terms: • Boyle’s Law • Charles’s Law • Guy-Lussac’s Law • The combined gas
law • Avagadro’s Law • Dalton’s Law
3. Compare and contrast electrolytes and non-electrolytes
4. Discuss the role of electrolytes in body fluids
5. Determine the concentration of a solution
6. Create the correct concentration of a solution by dilution
Chapter 10
1. Discuss reaction rates
2. Determine chemical equilibrium using equilibrium constants
3. Discuss equilibrium conditions with regard to Le Chatelier’s Principle
4. Determine the strength of acids and bases
5. Explain the pH scale and the role of pH with regard to stomach acid
6. Discuss the action of buffers
Chapter 11
1. Discuss the properties of alkanes as they relate to combustion
2. Identify function groups in familiar compounds
3. Differentiate alkenes and alkynes
4. Model cis-trans isomers
5. Explain pheromones and their role in insect communication
6. Differentiate saturated from unsaturated fats and oils
Chapter 12
1. Compare and contrast alcohols, phenols and thiols
2. Discuss the role of esters as anesthetics
3. Explain the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones

4. Model chiral objects
5. Discuss the role of enantiomers in biological systems
6. Differentiate between hemiacetals and acetals
Chapter 13, 14
1. Compare and contrast hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
2. Discuss the chemical properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides
3. Explain the use of disaccharides with regard to sugar and sweeteners
4. Discuss the properties of carboxylic acids
5. Explain the role of carboxylic acids in metabolism
6. Discuss the properties of esters
Chapter 14, 15
1. Discuss the solubility of fats and oils
2. Discuss the role of omega-3 fatty acids in relation to health
3. Differentiate hydrogenation and interesterification
4. Differentiate the types of fats
5. Explain what a steroid is and now anabolic steroids are used to improve athletic performance
6. Explain the role of cell membranes with regard to cell structure and function
7. Explain the properties of amines and amides
Chapter 16
1. Discuss the formation of peptides
2. Compare and contrast primary and secondary protein structure levels
3. Differentiate between tertiary and quaternary levels of protein structures
4. Discuss denaturation with regard to protein hydrolysis
5. Discuss the factors that affect enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition and enzyme activity regulation
Chapter 17,18
1. Identify the components of nucleic acids
2. Explain the process of DNA replication
3. Discuss the genetic code and how it is used in translation
4. Discuss how mutations affect genes
5. Discuss carbohydrate digestion and its role in lactose intolerance
6. Diagram glycolysis and the pathways for pyruvate
Chapter 18
1. Diagram the citric acid cycle
2. Discuss how ATP is utilized for energy
3. Explain the digestion of triacylglycerols and oxidation of fatty acids
4. Discuss fat storage with regard to obesity
5. Explain ketone bodies and their role in diabetes
6. Diagram the urea cycle
7. Synthesize amino acids when given a nucleotide sequence

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Chapter 1,2,3

1. Discuss the foundation of chemistry

3. Perform significant figure calculations

4. Write conversion factors F = 1.8*C +32

5. Discuss carbon dioxide and its relation to global warming

6. Determine calorie counts 1 cal = 4.184 J , Carb,Protein = 4 cal, Fat = 9 cal

2. Draw and explain the periodic table

4. Solve chemical problems

5. Determine atomic mass

6. Draw orbital diagrams and electron configurations

7. Determine the half life of a radioisotope

1. Name and write ionic formulas

2. Discuss the sharing of electrons among covalent compounds

3. Explain bold polarity with regard to electronegativity

4. Differentiate oxidation and reduction

5. Calculate molar mass

7. Calculate percent yields and limiting reactants

1. Explain the properties of gases and gas pressure

3. Compare and contrast electrolytes and non-electrolytes

4. Discuss the role of electrolytes in body fluids

5. Determine the concentration of a solution

6. Create the correct concentration of a solution by dilution

1. Discuss reaction rates

2. Determine chemical equilibrium using equilibrium constants

3. Discuss equilibrium conditions with regard to Le Chatelier’s Principle

4. Determine the strength of acids and bases

6. Discuss the action of buffers

1. Discuss the properties of alkanes as they relate to combustion

2. Identify function groups in familiar compounds

3. Differentiate alkenes and alkynes

4. Model cis-trans isomers

5. Explain pheromones and their role in insect communication

6. Differentiate saturated from unsaturated fats and oils

1. Compare and contrast alcohols, phenols and thiols

2. Discuss the role of esters as anesthetics

3. Explain the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones

5. Discuss the role of enantiomers in biological systems

6. Differentiate between hemiacetals and acetals

1. Compare and contrast hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

2. Discuss the chemical properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides

3. Explain the use of disaccharides with regard to sugar and sweeteners

4. Discuss the properties of carboxylic acids

5. Explain the role of carboxylic acids in metabolism

6. Discuss the properties of esters

1. Discuss the solubility of fats and oils

2. Discuss the role of omega-3 fatty acids in relation to health

3. Differentiate hydrogenation and interesterification

4. Differentiate the types of fats

7. Explain the properties of amines and amides

1. Discuss the formation of peptides

2. Compare and contrast primary and secondary protein structure levels

3. Differentiate between tertiary and quaternary levels of protein structures

4. Discuss denaturation with regard to protein hydrolysis

1. Identify the components of nucleic acids

2. Explain the process of DNA replication

3. Discuss the genetic code and how it is used in translation

4. Discuss how mutations affect genes

5. Discuss carbohydrate digestion and its role in lactose intolerance

6. Diagram glycolysis and the pathways for pyruvate

1. Diagram the citric acid cycle