Sas 9

Charlene H.

Lagradilla
BSN 3-A7

SAS 9

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1.B - Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal oral route or from contaminated water or
food. Measures to protect the family include good handwashing, personal hygiene and
sanitation and use of standard precautions. Complete isolation is not required. Avoiding contact
with blood-soiled clothing or dressings or avoiding the sharing of needles or syringes are
precautions needed to prevent transmission of hepatitis B.
2. B - Treatment of hepatitis consists of bed rest during the acute phase to reduce metabolic
demands on the liver, thus increasing blood supply and cell regeneration.
3. A - For pruritus. care should include tepid sponge baths and use of emollient creams and
lotions.
4.D - Hepatitis B can recur. Patients who have had hepatitis are permanently barred from
donating blood. Alcohol is metabolized by the liver and should be avoided by those who have or
had hepatitis B.
5. B - Laboratory indicators of hepatitis include elevated liver enzyme levels, elevated serum
bilirubin levels.Thinking about the organ that is involved in hepatitis should assist in directing to
choose option B liver function.
6. A - Hepatitis A virus typically is transmitted by the oral-fecal route commonly by consuming

food contaminated by infected food handlers. The virus isn’t transmitted by the I.V. route,
blood transfusions, or unprotected sex. Hepatitis B can be transmitted by I.V. drug use or blood
transfusion. Hepatitis C can be transmitted by unprotected sex.
7. B - Hallmark signs and symptoms of hepatitis A include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue,
and weakness. Abdominal pain may occur but doesn’t radiate to the shoulder. Eructation and
constipation are common in gallbladder disease, not hepatitis A. Abdominal ascites is a sign of
advanced hepatic disease, not an early sign of hepatitis A.
8. B - Applying pressure to injection sites. Prolonged application of pressure to injection or

bleeding sites is important.
9. C - Hepatic encephalopathy results from the accumulation of neurotoxins in the blood;
therefore, the nurse wants to assess for signs of neurological involvement. Flapping of the
hands (asterixis), changes in mentation, agitation, and confusion are common. These clients
typically have ascites and edema so they also experience weight gain. Malaise and stomatitis
are not related to neurological involvement.
10. BD - Edematous tissue must receive meticulous care to prevent tissue breakdown. Range of
motion exercises preserve joint function but do not prevent skin breakdown. Abdominal or foot
massage will not prevent skin breakdown but must be cleansed carefully to prevent breaks in
skin integrity. The feet should be kept at the level of heart or higher so Fowler’s position should
be employed. An air pressure mattress, careful repositioning can prevent skin breakdown.
11. A - Blood pressure decreases as the body is unable to maintain normal oncotic pressure
with liver failure, so patients with liver failure require close blood pressure monitoring.
12. A - Asterixis is an early neurologic sign of hepatic encephalopathy elicited by asking the
patient to hold her arms stretched out. Asterixis is present if the hands rapidly extend and flex .
13. A - The client with cirrhosis needs to consume foods high in thiamine. Thiamine is present in
a variety of foods of plant and animal origin. Pork products are especially rich in this vitamin.
Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain cereals, and legumes. Milk contains vitamins
A, D, and B2. Poultry contains niacin. Broccoli contains vitamins C, E, and K and folic acid.
14. C - A hepatic disorder, such as cirrhosis, may disrupt the liver's normal use of vitamin K to
produce prothrombin (a clotting factor). Consequently, the nurse should monitor the client for
signs of bleeding, including purpura and petechiae.
15. A - Hepatorenal syndrome is a functional disorder resulting from a redistribution of renal

blood flow. Oliguria and azotemia occur abruptly as a result of this complication.

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Charlene H.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:

6. A - Hepatitis A virus typically is transmitted by the oral-fecal route commonly by consuming

8. B - Applying pressure to injection sites. Prolonged application of pressure to injection or

15. A - Hepatorenal syndrome is a functional disorder resulting from a redistribution of renal

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