ART 002 REVIEWER Lesson Title: Nature and Functions of Arts

Lesson Title: Basic Concept of Arts Classification of Functions of Arts

Art – is a creative activity that expresses imaginative or 1. Motivated (Functional)

technical skills. It is something created by an artist based
● Those that are intentional, conscious actions on
on his imaginations or thoughts or maybe an inspiration of
the part of the artists or creator. This is
natural beauty.
Intentionally made to be used.
Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual,
● Examples: Architectures, Weaving, Furniture-
auditory or performing, artifacts and conceptual ideas. It
making.
derived from the latin word “ars” (meaning “skill” or
“craft”)
2. Non-motivated (non-functional)
● Those that are integral to being human,
Classical branches of art:
transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific
∙ Painting
external purpose.
∙ Sculpture
● Examples: painting, sculpture, literature, music
∙ Architecture
and the theatre arts.

Literature – most generically, is anybody or collection of

Five Common Functions of Art
written works. Refers to writing considered to be an art
form or any single writing deemed. 1. Personal function – arts are vehicles for the artists’
expression of their feelings and ideas.
Performing arts – refers to forms of art in which artists use
2. Social function – one cannot conceive of a society
their voices, bodies, or inanimate objects to convey artistic
without art, for art is closely related to every aspect of
expression.
social life.
3. Spiritual function – expresses spiritual beliefs about the
Aesthetic value – is the importance given to anything of
destiny of life controlled by the force of a higher
beauty.
power.
Interactive media – refers to products and services on 4. Educational function – symbols and signs to illustrate
digital computer-based systems which respond to the knowledge not given in words like a portrait of our
user’s actions by presenting such text, moving image, ancestors on how they live before comparing to us
animation, video, audio, and video games. right now.
5. Political function – to reinforce and enhance a sense of
Economic value of arts – artists can earn money from
identity connecting to specific political views.
different creative talents that they perform like singers,
6. Physical function – works of art that are created to
dancers, painters, and architects.
perform some service have physical functions.

Lesson Title: Historical Foundations of Art

1. Egyptian Art (3000 BCE – 350 BCE) ● Replaced human subjects with nature as the focus of
their art.
● Ancient Egyptians made art for their gods and
13. Realism (c. 1850 CE - 1900 CE)
goddesses.
● Representing subject matter truthfully.
● Examples: Pyramids
14. Impressionism (c 1860 CE - 1886 CE)
2. Greek Art (c. 900 BCE – 30 BCE)
● Impressionists left their studios to paint in the
● Idealized Human Form
outdoors.
● Nude Figures
15. Fauvism (c. 1904 CE - 1908 CE)
● Classical Architecture.
● Took colors used by impressionists and intensified
3. Roman art (c. 500 BCE – 400 BCE)
them.
● Realistic aspects of a person’s appearance
16. Cubism (c. 1908 CE - 1914 CE)
● Most resembles today’s world
● Logical abstract influences by African art
4. Chinese art (c. 202 BCE – 220 BCE)
● Geometric forms and used multiple vantage points
● Relief sculptures and paint to decorate tombs.
17. Surrealism (c. 1921 CE - 1942 CE)
5. Indian art (c 3300 BCE – 1760 BCE)
● Dreams and subconscious thoughts
● Depicts the god Shiva and his companions.
18. Abstract Expressionism (c. 1946 CE - 1960 CE)
6. Romanesque (c 1000 BCE – 1200 BCE)
● Express concerns with human irrationality and
● Glorifying God.
vulnerability.
● Relatively plain, and the inside was dark since there
● Action Painting - feeling of the particular moment
were few windows.
● Color Fields - dynamic movement
● Figures and clothing were more stylized
19. Pop Art (c. 1950s CE to 1960 CE)
7. Gothic art (c 1100 CE – 1300 CE)
● Popular, Transient, Expendable, Low Cost, Mass
● Architectural changes in the building of churches, Produced, Young, Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Glamorous,
such as adding height and windows to the structures. and BIg Business
● The wide open and brightly lit spaces of these ● Trendy look and familiar subject matter
buildings became symbols of the divine. 20. Neo-expressionism (c. 1980s CE)
8. Renaissance (c 1400 CE – 1600 CE) ● Impassioned emotions of expressionism
● Use of linear perspective, a mathematical technique ● Raw and sensual handling of mediums, social protest,
used to create an illusion of receding space on and make abstract emotions more tangible
painting surfaces, giving art more dimensions.
● Mona Lisa
9. Baroque (c 1600 – 1700)
● Emotional, realistic and dynamic.
● Baroque painters saw a canvas as a stage where they
painted dramatically.
10. Rococo (c 1700 CE – 1776 CE)
● Decorative

11. Neoclassicism (c. 1780 CE - 1820 CE)

● Neoclassicists stopped using vibrant color and busy

compositions.
● Focused on line and symmetry, using formulas of set
proportions and exact perspective.

12. Romanticism (c. 1800 CE - 1850 CE) Lesson Title: Art Appreciation, Creativity, Imagination, and
Expression

Appreciation – refers to the recognition or admiration of

something. It’s a recognition and enjoyment of the good
Lesson Title: Visual Elements of Arts and Designs
qualities of someone or something. Growth in the price of
worth something.
Visual elements of arts
Art appreciation – recognition of a work of art from an
objective point of view. ● commonly used group of aspects of a work of art
Expression – is the ability to convey meaning through writing. used in teaching and analysis.
Express information. ● Building blocks of an artwork
Imagination – is the ability to produce and simulate novel
Importance of Visual Elements of Arts
objects, peoples, and ideas in the mind without any
immediate input of the senses.
1. Describe what an artist has done
Creativity – is a phenomenon whereby something new and
2. Analyze what is going on in a particular piece
somehow valuable is formed.
3. Communicate our thoughts and findings using a
Innovation – it’s a new idea, creative thoughts and new
common language
imaginations in the form of devices or methods.
1. Incremental Design Elements
2. Disruptive
3. Architectural ● Basic units of any visual design which forms its

4. Radical structure and convey visual messages

Creativity can be matched with imagination: for finding

Elements of Art and Design
solutions and choosing between options.
Objectivism – is the idea that value can be applied to art, 1. Color – is the result of light reflecting back from an
in other words, some arts are good and some arts are bad. object to our eyes. The color that our eyes perceive is
Fairly strict definition of what constitutes art. determined by the pigment of the object itself.
Subjectivism – sees art rather differently. Argue that a ⮚ Hue – name of color as in red, yellow, or green.
broader definition of art is necessary, and training is not a ⮚ Value – hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s
necessity. value changes when white (tint) or black (shade) is
added)
⮚ Saturation – quality of brightness and purity
(high intensity=color is strong and bright;
low intensity=color is faint and dull.)

Color theory in visual design - studies mixing and color

combinations

Color Harmony - measure of aesthetics

● Monochromatic harmony – made up of several

tones of one hue.
● Complementary colors – they come from
different hues however, when they are properly
harmonized, they give beautiful effects.

Color contrast – studies set of colors in color contrasting

● it presented seven kinds of color contrast: ⮚ Visual texture – referred to as “implied
contrast of light and dark, contrast of hue, texture” not detectable by our sense of touch
contrast of temperature, saturation, simultaneous but by our sense of sight.
sizes and complementary. ⮚ Painting – used to achieve different types of
Color schemes – set of colors chosen for a design. textures. Such oil, acrylic and encaustic are
● Logical combinations of colors on the color wheel. thicker and more opaque to create three
dimensional impression on the surface.
USES OF COLORS IN VISUAL DESIGN 6. Pattern – when a motif is repeated over and over again
● Create harmony, balance, and visual comfort in a surface, it results in a pattern.
● Evoke desire mood and emotion 7. Space – concerned with the area deep within the
● Create a theme in design moment of designated design, the design will take
● Holds meaning and can be symbolic place.
● Put emphasis on desired elements ⮚ Overlap – the effect where objects appear to
● Create identity be on top of each other.
⮚ Shading – adds gradient marks to make an
2. Line – element of art defined by a point moving in
object of a two-dimensional surface seem
space. It can be two or three dimensional, descriptive,
three-dimensional.
implied or abstract. Can be vertical, horizontal,
⮚ Linear perspective – is the concept relating to
diagonal or curved.
how an object seems smaller the farther away
3. Point – basically the beginning of “something” in
it gets.
“nothing”. It starts with a line and a shape.
⮚ Atmospheric perspective – is based on how air
4. Shape – element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or
acts as a filter to change the appearance of
limited to height and width.
distant objects.
⮚ Geometric/mechanical shape – are shapes
8. Form – element of art that is three-dimensional and
that can be drawn using a ruler or compass,
encloses volume (cube, sphere, pyramid, or cylinder).
such as squares, circles, triangles, ellipses,
parallelograms, stars and so on. Two types of Form
⮚ Organic shapes – are irregular shapes that are
⮚ Geometric (artificial)
often complex and resemble shapes that are
⮚ Natural (organic)
found in nature like leaves and flowers.
5. Texture – element of art that refers to the way things
feel, or look as if they might feel it touched.

⮚ Tactile texture – also known as “actual

texture” refers to the physical three
dimensional texture of an object.
⮚ Painters – use impasto to build peaks and
create texture in their painting.
⮚ Papier colle – French term for pasted paper. It
is another collaging technique in which artists
glue paper to a surface to create different
textures on its surface.
⮚ Assemblage – a technique that consists of
assembling various three-dimensional objects
into sculpture, which can also reveal textures
to the viewer.
Lesson Title: Principle of Arts Lesson Title: Mediums and Techniques in Art

Principle of art – represent how the artist uses the A medium refers to the materials that are used to create a
elements of art to create an effect and to help the artists work of art.
intent. Rules, Tools, or Guidelines that the artist utilize to
Visual in 2-dimensional Art
organize the elements of art.

1. Water color – a simple coloring medium has less

Types of Principle of Arts
luminous effect when applied but easy to use. 2. Fresco – a
Repetition – pattern and rhythm is consistent with colors paint on a moist plaster surface applied with lime water
and lines. mixture.
Pattern – the repetition of elements to help the eye move 3. Pastel and chalk – dry pigments held together by a gum
around the artwork. binder and compressed into stick.
Rhythm – refers to a regular repetition of elements of art 4. Oil – pigment mixed with linseed oil and applied in
to produce the look and feel movement. canvass expensive, flexible, glossy, dries slowly but last
Variety – the quality of having different forms or types. long.
Contrast – show differences and diversity in an artwork by 5. Tempera – a mineral pigment mixed with egg yolk or
combining elements to create interest contrast provides an egg white and ore.
artwork with something interesting to break the repetition. 6. Encaustic – used by Egyptians on the portrait of face as
Balance – is arranging elements so that no one part of a in the case of community done with wax colors by the
work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part. use of heat.
⮚ Symmetrical balance – when one image is mirrored 7. Acrylic – a medium most widely used by the painters
on the other side to repeat itself. these days because of the characteristics of
⮚ Asymmetrical balance – when different types of transparency and quick drying.
elements create a visual balance. 8. Stained glass – a combination of small pieces of colored
⮚ Radial balance – the distributions and glass held together by hands of lead.
arrangements of equal elements around a central 9. Tapestry – a fabric consisting of warp where colored
point in all directions. threads are woven to make designs used in wall
Proportion – is the size relationship of forms and shapes. hanging or furniture cover.
Causes a sense of unity and harmony. 10. Mosaic – a picture decoration which are cut into small
Emphasis/Focal point – is where the focus is concentrated pieces of colored stones or glass and glued or pasted
through design principles or meaning. on a surface with cement or plaster.
Unity/harmony – the quality of wholeness or oneness that 11. Crayons – pigments bound by wax and compressed
is achieved through the effective use of the elements and into painted sticks used by students.
principle of arts. 12. Charcoal – made from carbonized materials from
Articulation/movement – is the path the viewer’s eye heating woods.
follows throughout an artwork.
Techniques of Visual Arts

Techniques – means a process, or a method of using the

medium in a manner that he wishes to finish an art work.

1. Blowing techniques – requires pushing in air to spread

paints, spread molten crayons on paper or shaped
molten glass by the use of electric hair blowers.
2. Transfer design – requires a design in another medium
and it will be transferred to another medium such as
Xerox copy.
Lesson Title: National Artist, Curators, Collectors
3. Tinkering – someone who repairs, or attempts repair,
on anything mechanical, or who invents such devices. 4. National artist – the highest national recognition given to
Splattering – refers to a set of techniques for using Filipino individuals who have made significant
brushes and other implements to flick, throw, or drip paint contributions to the development of the Philippines.
onto a painting surface. Artist – is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
5. Throwing – means making a pot from a piece of clay on Artisan – is a skilled worker who makes thing by hand.
a potter’s wheel. Curator – who is often an administrator in the museum,
6. Coloring – is the most basic in art. It requires the use of also guides conservators.
colors applied to drawings of sketches, or you may Curate art – means something to select, organize and look
start with colors right away. after the objects or works of art in a museum or an art. Art
7. Flowing – this techniques is done by mixing paints in collector – any individual who owns a few as two or three
the cup and flip it on the canvas and flow it over to the paintings is considered to be an art collector.
canvas.
8. Cutting – papercutting is the art of paper designs. 9.
Scratching – scratch art is a graphic technique. 10.
Engraving – print making technique that involves making
incisions into a metal plate.
11. Photography – an actual likeness of the design, it uses
a camera to produce the desired copy.
12. Etching techniques – a method of making prints from a
metal plate, which incised by acid.
13. Printing – process of creating artworks by printing,
normally on paper, textiles, boards or metal plates.

Stencil process – done by cutting out a paper, cardboard or

metal sheet.
Planagraphic process – surface painting treated first
chemically or mechanically. Greasy crayon, and fixed with
an acid solution.
Intaglio printing – the preparation of the impression is the
opposite of those of relief painting.