Blocks Programming Manual

2021-2022 FIRST® Tech Challenge

Blocks Programming Guide

Sponsor Thank You
Thank you to our generous sponsors for your continued support of the FIRST® Tech Challenge!
Introduction
What is FIRST® Tech Challenge?

FIRST® Tech Challenge is a student-centered program that focuses on giving students a unique and stimulating
experience. Each year, teams engage in a new game where they design, build, test, and program autonomous
and driver operated robots that must perform a series of tasks. To learn more about FIRST® Tech Challenge and
other FIRST® Programs, visit www.firstinspires.org.
Gracious Professionalism®
FIRST® uses this term to describe our programs’ intent.
Gracious Professionalism® is a way of doing things that encourages high-quality work, emphasizes the value
of others, and respects individuals and the community.
Watch Dr. Woodie Flowers explain Gracious Professionalism in this short video.
Sponsor Thank You
Thank you to our generous sponsors for your continued support!
Revision History
Revision Date Description
1 07/15/2021 Initial Release
2 08/12/2021 Includes FTC Apps from Github and REV Hardware Client
Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................3
What is FIRST® Tech Challenge? .................................................................................................................. 3
Gracious Professionalism®................................................................................................................................. 3
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................7
Autonomous vs. Driver-Controlled .............................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Point-to-Point Control System.............................................................................................................. 7
1.2 REV Robotics Expansion Hub ............................................................................................................. 7
1.3 REV Robotics Control Hub .................................................................................................................. 8
2 Required Materials...................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Setting Up Your Smartphones .................................................................................................................. 12
3.1 What Needs to be Configured for My Control System? ...................................................................... 12
Users with Two Android Devices .............................................................................................................. 13
3.2 Renaming Your Devices .................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Installing the FIRST Tech Challenge Apps ........................................................................................ 17
3.4 Placing Phones into Airplane Mode with Wi-Fi On ............................................................................. 25
3.5 Pairing the Driver Station to the Robot Controller .............................................................................. 27
4 Connecting Devices to an Expansion Hub ................................................................................................ 37
4.1 Connecting 12V Power to the Hub ..................................................................................................... 37
4.2 Connecting a Motor to the Hub .......................................................................................................... 39
4.3 Connecting a Servo to the Hub .......................................................................................................... 40
4.4 Connecting a Color-Distance Sensor to the Hub................................................................................ 42
4.5 Connecting a Touch Sensor to the Hub ............................................................................................. 43
5 Configuring Your Hardware on the Robot Controller ................................................................................. 44
5.1 Connecting an Android Smartphone to an Expansion Hub ................................................................ 44
5.2 Creating a Configuration File Using the Driver Station ....................................................................... 46
5.3 Configuring the DC Motor .................................................................................................................. 49
5.4 Configuring a Servo ........................................................................................................................... 51
5.5 Configuring a Color Distance Sensor ................................................................................................. 52
5.6 Configuring a Digital Touch Sensor ................................................................................................... 55
5.7 Saving the Configuration Information ................................................................................................. 57
6 Writing an Op Mode .................................................................................................................................. 59
6.1 What’s an Op Mode? ......................................................................................................................... 59
6.2 The FTC Blocks Programming Tool ................................................................................................... 59
6.3 Installing a Javascript-Enabled Browser ............................................................................................ 61
6.4 Connecting Your Laptop to the Program and Manage Network ......................................................... 62
6.5 Troubleshooting Your Wireless Connection ....................................................................................... 65
6.6 Creating Your First Op Mode ............................................................................................................. 65
6.7 Examining the Structure of Your Op Mode......................................................................................... 68
6.8 Modifying the Op Mode to Control a DC Motor .................................................................................. 69
6.9 Inserting Telemetry Statements ......................................................................................................... 74
6.10 Saving Your Op Mode ....................................................................................................................... 77
6.11 Exiting Programming Mode................................................................................................................ 78
7 Running Your Op Mode ............................................................................................................................ 78
8 Controlling a Servo Motor with an Op Mode.............................................................................................. 81
8.1 What is a Servo Motor? ..................................................................................................................... 81
8.2 Modifying Your Op Mode to Control a Servo ...................................................................................... 81
9 Using Sensors .......................................................................................................................................... 90
9.1 Color-Distance Sensor....................................................................................................................... 90
9.2 Touch Sensor .................................................................................................................................... 94
10 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................... 97
10.1 Manually Connecting to the Blocks Programming Mode Wi-Fi Network ............................................. 97
10.2 Troubleshooting Tips ......................................................................................................................... 99
10.2.1 Cannot See the Blocks Programming Mode Wireless Network ................................................... 99
10.2.2 “Save project failed. Error code 0.” ........................................................................................... 100
10.2.3 Op Mode Blocks Are Missing… ................................................................................................ 100
10.2.4 Driver Station Appears Unresponsive ....................................................................................... 102
10.2.5 Warning: problem communicating… ......................................................................................... 102
10.2.6 Additional Disconnect Incidents with Motorola E4, G5 and G5 Plus Phones ............................. 103
10.2.7 Wi-Fi Blocker at Venue ............................................................................................................. 105
Appendix A – Resources ............................................................................................................................... 107
Game Forum Q&A ..................................................................................................................................... 107
Volunteer Forum ........................................................................................................................................ 107
FIRST Tech Challenge Game Manuals ...................................................................................................... 107
FIRST Headquarters Pre-Event Support .................................................................................................... 107
FIRST Websites ......................................................................................................................................... 107
FIRST Tech Challenge Social Media .......................................................................................................... 107
Feedback ................................................................................................................................................... 107
1 Introduction
This document shows how to set up, configure, and program the control system used for the FIRST Tech
Challenge competition. The basic examples in this document use the REV Robotics Expansion Hub and the REV
Robotics Control Hub as the input/output module. For detailed information about the REV Robotics Expansion
Hub, refer to the REV Robotics Expansion Hub Guide which is available from the REV Robotics website
(http://www.revrobotics.com/).
Autonomous vs. Driver-Controlled

A FIRST Tech Challenge match has an autonomous phase and a driver-controlled or "tele-operated" phase. In
the autonomous phase of a match the robot operates without any human input or control. In the driver-controlled
phase, the robot can receive input from up to two human drivers.
1.1 Point-to-Point Control System

The FIRST Tech Challenge uses Android devices to control its robots. During a competition, each team has two
Android devices.
Figure 1 – The control system has a Driver Station connected wirelessly to a Robot Controller.
The Robot Controller acts as the “brains” of the robot and is mounted on the frame of the robot. There are two
hardware options currently being used: REV Robotics Expansion Hub or the REV Robotics Control Hub.
A second Android device sits with the team drivers and has one or two gamepads connected. This second device
is known as the Driver Station. The Driver Station is sort of like a remote control that you might use to control your
television. The Driver Station allows a team to communicate remotely (using a secure, wireless connection) to the
Robot Controller and to issue commands to the Robot Controller. The Driver Station consists of an Android device
running an FTC Driver Station app.
1.2 REV Robotics Expansion Hub

The REV Robotics Expansion Hub is the electronic input/output (or “I/O”) module that lets the Robot Controller
talk to the robot’s motors, servos, and sensors. The Robot Controller communicates with the Expansion Hub
through a serial connection. For the situation where an Android smartphone is used as the Robot Controller, a
USB cable is used to establish the serial connection. For the situation where a REV Robotics Control Hub is used,
an internal serial connection exists between the built-in Android device and the Expansion Hub.
The Expansion Hub is also connected to a 12V battery which is used to power the Expansion Hub, the motors,
the servos and sensors. If an Android smartphone is used as the Robot Controller, then the smartphone will have
its own independent battery. If a REV Robotics Control Hub is used as the Robot Controller, then the Control Hub
will use the main 12V battery to power its internal Android device.
1.3 REV Robotics Control Hub

The Control Hub is an integrated version of the Robot Controller. It combines an Android device built into the
same case as a REV Robotics Expansion Hub.
The Control Hub, which has its built-in Android device connected directly to the Expansion Hub using an internal
serial bus, eliminates the need for an external USB connection between the Android Robot Controller and the I/O
module.
2 Required Materials
To follow along with the examples in this document, you will need the following items:
Two (2) FIRST-approved Android
devices 1
Or
One (1) Control Hub and one (1) FIRST-

approved* Android smartphone.
Wireless Internet access
Laptop with Microsoft Windows 7, 8 or

10 and Wi-Fi capability.
NOTE: Your laptop should have the most

current service packs and system
updates from Microsoft.
Javascript-enabled web browser (Google

Chrome is the recommended browser).
REV Robotics Expansion Hub (REV-31-

1153), except Control Hub users.
1 Consult the official FIRST Tech Challenge Game Manual, Part 1 for a list of approved devices. Is it worth linking to the GM?
REV Robotics Switch, Cable, and
Bracket (REV-31-1387)
REV Robotics Tamiya to XT30 Adapter

(REV-31-1382)
FIRST-approved 12V Battery (such as

Tetrix W39057 or REV Robotics REV-
31-1302)
FIRST-approved 12V DC Motor (such as

Tetrix W39530, with power cable
W41352) 2
REV Robotics Anderson to JST VH

Cable (REV-31-1381)
180-Degree Standard Scale Servo (such

as Hitec HS-485HB)
REV Robotics Color Sensor with 4-Pin

JST PH Cable (REV-31-1154)
2Note that for the examples listed in this document, it is recommended that the user builds a simple structure using a compatible build kit (such as
TETRIX Max) to properly secure the DC motor and prevent it from rolling about uncontrollably while running the sample op modes.
REV Robotics Touch sensor with 4-Pin
JST PH Cable (REV-31-1425)
USB Type A male to type mini-B male

cable.
Two (2) micro USB OTG adapters
Logitech F310 USB Gamepad
3 Setting Up Your Smartphones
3.1 What Needs to be Configured for My Control System?

Teams who are using a Control Hub with the integrated Robot Controller will only need to configure a single
Android device for use as a Driver Station. The process is as follows:
• Rename the smartphone to "<TEAM NUMBER>-DS" (where <TEAM NUMBER> is replaced by your team
number).
• Install the Driver Station app onto the Driver Station device. Note: the REV Driver Hub has pre-installed
software.
• Put your phone into Airplane Mode (with the WiFi radio still on).
• Pair (i.e., wirelessly connect) the Driver Station to the Control Hub.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Eventually the Control Hub will need be renamed so that its name complies with Game
Manual rule <RS01.
Users with Two Android Devices

Teams who have two Android devices and are not using a Control Hub will need to configure one smartphone for
use as a Robot Controller and a second device for use as a Driver Station. The process is as follows,
• Rename one smartphone to "<TEAM NUMBER>-RC" (replace <TEAM NUMBER> with your team
number).
• Install the Robot Controller app onto the Robot Controller phone.
• Rename a second smartphone to "<TEAM NUMBER>-DS" (where <TEAM NUMBER> is replaced by your
team number).
• Install the Driver Station app onto the Driver Station device. Note: the REV Driver Hub has pre-installed
software.
• Put your phones into Airplane Mode (with the WiFi radios still on).
• Pair (i.e., wirelessly connect) the Driver Station to the Robot Controller.
3.2 Renaming Your Devices

The official rules of the FIRST Tech Challenge (see <RS01>) require that you change the Wi-Fi name of your
devices to include your team number and “-RC” if the phone is a Robot Controller or “-DS” if it is a Driver Station.
A team can insert an additional dash and a letter (“A”, “B”, “C”, etc.) if the team has more than one set of Android
devices.
If, for example, a team has a team number of 9999 and the team has multiple sets of phones, the team might
decide to name one phone “9999-C-RC” for the Robot Controller and the other phone “9999-C-DS” for the Driver
Station. The “-C” indicates that these devices belong to the third set of phones for this team.
Renaming Your Smartphone
(Time Needed to Complete Task: 5 Minutes per Device)
Step 1:
Select Settings icon to display the Android
Settings screen.
Step 2:
Select Wi-Fi to launch the Wi-Fi screen.
Step 3:
Touch the three vertical dots in upper right-
hand corner to display a pop-up menu.
Step 4:
Select Advanced from the pop-up menu.
Step 5:
Select Wi-Fi Direct from the Advanced WiFi
screen.
Step 6:
Touch the three vertical dots to display the
pop-up menu.
Step 7:
Select Configure Device from the pop-up
menu.
Step 8:
Use touch pad to enter the new name of
device. If the device will be a Robot
Controller, specify
your team number and "-RC".
If the device will be a Driver Station, specify
your team number and "-DS".
You can also set the Wi-Fi Direct inactivity

timeout to "Never disconnect" and then hit
the SAVE button.
NOTE: In the screenshot shown to the right,

the team number is “9999”. The “-C” indicates
that this is from the third pair of smartphones
for this team. The “-RC” indicates that this
phone will be a Robot Controller.
Step 9:
After renaming the phone, power cycle the
device.
3.3 Installing the FIRST Tech Challenge Apps
As of 2021, the FTC apps (v 6.1 and higher) are not available on Google Play. The REV Hardware Client
software will allow you to download the apps to FTC devices: REV Control Hub, REV Expansion Hub, REV
Driver Hub, FTC-approved android devices. Here are some of the benefits:
• Connect a REV Control Hub via WiFi.
• One Click update of all software on connected devices.
• Pre-download software updates without a connected device.
• Back up and restore user data from Control Hub.
• Install and switch between DS and RC applications on Android Devices.
• Access the Robot Control Console on the Control Hub.
The FTC app releases are available on the FTCRobotController Github.
NOTE: it will take an estimated 7.5 minutes per device to complete this task.
Step Image
1. From the Android Wi-Fi screen look for the name of

your wireless network (“CE_NET” in this example) and
touch the wireless network name to log into the
network.
Step Image
2. Specify the password using the touch keypad and

press CONNECT to connect to this wireless network.
Step Image
3. Grant Google Chrome permission to install from

unknown sources:
a. Go to Settings, then Apps & notifications.
b. Select Advanced, then Special app access.

Step Image
c. Install unknown apps, then select Chrome.
d. Allow access for Google Chrome

Step Image
4. Uninstall the old application.
5. Download the desired FTC app from the

FtcRobotController GitHub repository
Step Image
6. After you have successfully installed the app, you

should forget the external wireless network on your
phone.
7. Go to the Android Wi-Fi screen, find the name of

the currently connected network, and tap on the
network name to bring up a pop-up box with info
about the network.
Step Image
8. Click on the FORGET button to forget the wireless

network.
FIRST® Tech Challenge Blocks Programming Manual | 25
3.4 Placing Phones into Airplane Mode with Wi-Fi On

For the FIRST Tech Challenge competitions, it is important that you place your Robot Controller and Driver
Station devices into Airplane mode but keep their Wi-Fi radios turned on. This is important because you do not
want any of the cellular telephone functions to be enabled during a match. The cellular telephone functions
could disrupt the function of the robot during a match.
NOTE: It will take an estimated 2.5 minutes per phone to complete this task. Also note, that the screens
displayed on your Android devices might differ slightly from the images contained in this wiki.
Placing Phones into Airplane Mode with Wi-Fi On

(Time Needed to Complete Task: 2.5 Minutes per Phone)
Step 1:
On the main Android screen of each
smartphone, slide from the top of the screen
down towards the bottom to display the quick
configuration screen.
NOTE: On some smartphones you might

have to swipe down more than once to
display the quick configuration screen,
particularly if there are messages or
notifications displayed at the top of your
screen.
Activate Airplane mode icon (which is shaped

like an airplane).
Gracious Professionalism® - “Doing your best work while treating others with respect and kindness - It’s what makes FIRST, first.”
26 | FIRST® Tech Challenge Blocks Programming Manual
Step 2:
Placing the phone into Airplane mode will
turn off the Wi-Fi radio. If the Wi-Fi icon has
a diagonal line through it (see Step 1 above),
then the Wi-Fi radio is disabled.
NOTE: Touch the “Wi-Fi” icon on the quick

configuration screen to turn the Wi-Fi radio
back on.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
3.5 Pairing the Driver Station to the Robot Controller

Once you have successfully installed the FTC apps onto your Android devices, you will want to establish a
secure wireless connection between the two devices.
Control Hub Users
The REV Robotics Control Hub should come with the Robot Controller app pre-installed. Once you have
successfully installed the FTC Driver Station on an Android phone or have powered up the Rev Driver Hub with
the pre-installed app, you will want to establish a secure wireless connection between the Control Hub and the
Driver Station. This connection will allow your Driver Station phone to select op modes on your Robot
Controller and send gamepad input to these programs. Likewise, it will allow your op modes running on your
Robot Controller to send telemetry data to your Driver Station device where it can be displayed for your drivers.
The process to connect the two devices is known as “pairing.”
NOTE: Control Hub does not have its own internal battery. Before you can connect a Driver Station to the
Control Hub, you must connect the Control Hub to a 12V battery.
Pairing the Driver Station to the Control Hub

(Time Needed to Complete Task: 10 minutes)
Step 1:
Connect an approved 12V battery to the power

switch (REV-31-1387) and make sure the switch
is in the off position. Connect the switch to an XT30
port on the Control Hub and turn the switch on.
The LED should initially be blue on the Control

Hub.
Step 2:
It takes approximately 40 seconds for the

Control Hub to power on. The Control Hub is
ready to pair with the Driver Station when
the LED turns green.
NOTE: The light blinks blue every ~5 seconds

to indicate that the Control Hub is healthy.
Step 3:
On the Driver Station device, select the FTC Driver

Station icon.
NOTE: The first time you launch the app

your Android device might prompt you for
permissions that the app will need to run properly.
Whenever prompted, press Allow to grant
the requested permission.
Step 4:
Touch the three vertical dots on the upper right-

hand corner of the main screen of the FTC Driver
Station app. This will launch a pop-up menu.
Step 5:
Select Settings from the pop-up menu.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 6:
From the Settings screen, select

Pairing Method to launch the Pairing
Method screen.
Step 7:
Touch the words Control Hub to indicate

that this Driver Station will be pairing with
a Control Hub.
Step 8:
From the Settings screen, select

Pair with Robot Controller to launch the Pair
with Robot Controller screen.
Step 9:
From Pair with Robot Controller screen,

press the Wifi Settings button to
launch the device's Wifi Settings screen.
Step 10:
Find and select the name of your Control Hub's

wireless network from the list of available WiFi
networks.
If this is the first time you are connecting

to the Control Hub, then the default network
name should begin with the prefix "FTC-"
("FTC-1Ybr" in this example).
The default network name should be listed on a

sticker attached to the bottom side of the Control
Hub.
Step 11:
When prompted, specify the password

for the Control Hub's WiFi network and press
Connect to connect to the Hub.
NOTE: The default password for the Control Hub

network is "password".
NOTE: When you connect to the

Control Hub's WiFi network successfully, the
Driver Station will not have access to
the Internet.
Step 12:
Use the back arrow to navigate to

the previous screen. You should see the
name of the WiFi network listed under "Current
Robot Controller:". Use the back-arrow
to return to the Settings screen.
Then press the back-arrow key again to return to
the main Driver Station screen.
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Step 13:
Verify that the Driver Station screen is now

connected to the Control Hub.
The name of the Control Hub's WiFi network

(“FTC-1Ybr” in this example) should be displayed
in the Network field on the Driver Station.
Users with Two Android Smartphones
Important Note: If your Driver Station was previously paired to a Control Hub, and you
currently would like to connect to an Android smartphone Robot Controller, then before
attempting to pair to the Robot Controller, you should forget the Wi-Fi network for the previous
Control Hub (using the Android Wifi Settings screen on the Driver Station) and then power
cycle the Driver Station device. If the previous Control Hub is powered on and if you haven't
forgotten this network, then the Driver Station might try and connect to the Control Hub and
might be unable to connect to the Robot Controller smartphone.
Once you have successfully installed the FTC apps onto your Android phones, you will want
to establish a secure wireless connection between the two devices. This connection will allow
your Driver Station phone to select op modes on your Robot Controller phone and send
gamepad input to these programs. Likewise, it will allow your op modes running on your
Robot Controller phone to send telemetry data to your Driver Station phone where it can be
displayed for your drivers. The process to connect the two phones is known as “pairing.”
Pairing the Driver Station to the Robot Controller: Expansion Hub Users
Step 1:
On the main Robot Controller smartphone, select
the FTC Robot Controller icon to open the app.
Step 2:
Verify that the Robot Controller app is running.
The Robot Status field should read “running” if it is
working properly.
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Step 3:
On your Driver Station device, find the FTC
Driver Station icon. Tap on the icon to
launch the Driver Station app.
Step 4:
Touch the three vertical dots on the upper
right-hand corner of the main screen of the
FTC Driver Station app. This will launch a
pop-up menu.
Step 5:
Select Settings from the pop-up menu.
Step 6:
From the Settings screen, select Connect
with Robot Controller to launch the Connect
with Robot Controller screen.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 7:
Find the name of your Robot Controller from
the list and select it.
After you have made your selection, use the

back-arrow key to return to the Settings
screen.
Then press the back-arrow key one more

time to return to the main Driver Station
screen.
Step 8:
When the Driver Station returns to its main
screen, the first time you attempt to connect
to the Robot Controller a prompt should
appear on the Robot Controller screen.
Select ACCEPT on the connection invitation

from the Driver Station.
Step 9:
Verify that the Driver Station screen has
changed and that it now indicates that it is
connected to the Robot Controller.
The name of the Robot Controller’s remote

network (“9999-C-RC” in this example)
should be displayed in the Network field on
the Driver Station.
Step 10:
Verify that the Robot Controller screen has
changed and that it now indicates that it is
connected to the Driver Station.
The Network status should read “active,

connected” on the Robot Controller’s main
screen.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
4 Connecting Devices to an Expansion Hub
This section explains how to connect a motor, a servo, and some sensors to your REV Robotics Control Hub
or REV Robotics Expansion Hub. While the Control Hub differs from the Expansion Hub because of its built-in
Android device, the layout of the external motor, servo, and sensor ports are identical.
The images in this section use an Expansion Hub to demonstrate how to connect the devices. The process,
however, is identical for a Control Hub. When the instructions in this section use the word "Hub", they are
referring to a Control Hub or Expansion Hub.
4.1 Connecting 12V Power to the Hub

The Hub draws power from a 12V rechargeable battery. For safety reasons, the battery has a 20A fuse built in.
A mechanical switch is used to turn the power on/off.
Connecting 12V Power to the Hub

Step 1:
If your 12V battery has a Tamiya-
style connector, connect the
Tamiya to XT30 adapter cable to
the matching end of the switch
cable.
Do not connect the 12V battery to

the Tamiya adapter yet. We will
connect the battery during a later
step.
Step 2:
Connect the other end of the
switch cable to a matching XT30
port on the Hub.
Step 3:
Verify that the switch is
in the OFF position.
Step 4:
Connect the 12V
battery to the Tamiya to
XT30 cable.
Step 5:
Turn on the switch and
verify that the Hub is
drawing power from the
battery.
NOTE: Hub’s LED

should be illuminated
(blue LED in image).
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 6:
Turn off the switch and
verify that the
Expansion Hub is off.
NOTE: The Expansion

Hub’s LED should not
be illuminated.
4.2 Connecting a Motor to the Hub

The Hub can drive up to four (4) 12V DC motors. The Hub uses a type of electrical connector known as a 2-pin
JST VH connector. Many of the FIRST-approved 12V DC motors are equipped with Anderson Powerpole
connectors. An adapter cable is used to connect the Anderson Powerpole connectors to the Expansion Hub
motor port, see FIRST Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide for more information).
Figure 2 - Motor test rig made from Tetrix build components.
For the examples in this document, FIRST recommends that the user build a simple rig to secure the motor in
place and prevent it from moving about during the test runs. The image above shows a Tetrix motor installed in
a rig built with a Tetrix motor mount and some Tetrix C-channels. A gear was mounted on the motor shaft to
make it easier for the user to see the rotation of the shaft.
Connecting a 12V DC Motor to the Hub

(Time Needed to Complete Task: 2.5 minutes)
Step 1:
Connect the Anderson Powerpole end of the motor’s power cable to the Powerpole end of the
Anderson to JST VH adapter cable.
Step 2:
Connect the other end of the Anderson to JST VH adapter cable into the motor port labeled
“0” on the Hub.
4.3 Connecting a Servo to the Hub

The REV Robotics Hub has 6 built-in servo ports. The servo ports accept the standard 3-wire header-style
connectors commonly found on servos.
NOTE: The ground pin is on the left side of the servo port.
Connecting a Servo to the Hub

Step 1:
Connect the servo cable to the servo port labeled “0” on the Hub.
NOTE: The ground pin is on the left side of the servo port.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 2:
Verify that the black ground wire of the servo cable matches the ground pin of the servo port
(which is aligned on the left side of the port).
4.4 Connecting a Color-Distance Sensor to the Hub

The Hub has 4 independent I2C buses. Each bus has its own port on the Hub. We will connect a REV
Robotics Color-Distance sensor to the I2C bus #0 on the Hub.
Connecting a Color-Distance Sensor to the Hub

Step 1:
Connect the one end of the 4-pin JST PH cable to the REV Robotics Color-Distance sensor.
Step 2:
Plug the other end of the 4-pin JST PH cable to the I2C port labeled “0” on the Hub.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
4.5 Connecting a Touch Sensor to the Hub

The Hub has 4 independent digital input/output (I/O) ports. Each port has two digital I/O pins for a total of 8
digital I/O pins on the Hub. You will connect a REV Robotics Touch sensor to one of the digital I/O ports.
NOTE: In the case of the REV Robotics Touch Sensor, the device has a connector port for a 4-pin sensor
cable. However, the device only needs to connect to one of the two available digital I/O pins. For the REV
Robotics Touch Sensor, the second digital I/O in the port is the one that gets connected when a standard REV
Robotics 4-pin JST PH cable is used. For the “0-1” port, it is the pin labeled “1” that gets connected through the
4-pin cable. Similarly, for the “2-3” port, it is the pin labeled “3” that gets connected through the 4-pin cable.
Connecting a Touch Sensor to the Hub

Step 1:
Connect the one end of the 4-pin JST PH cable to the REV Robotics Touch sensor.
Step 2:
Plug the other end of the 4-pin JST PH cable to digital I/O port labeled “0-1” on the Hub.
5 Configuring Your Hardware on the Robot Controller
Before you can communicate with the motor, servo and sensors that are connected to the Expansion or
Control Hub, you first must create a configuration file on your Robot Controller, so that the Robot Controller will
know what hardware is available on the Hub’s external ports.
5.1 Connecting an Android Smartphone to an Expansion Hub

If you are using an Android smartphone as a Robot Controller, you must physically connect the Robot
Controller smartphone to the Expansion Hub using a USB cable and an On-The-Go (OTG) adapter. Also, you
should verify that the Driver Station is currently paired to the Robot Controller.
Creating a Configuration File on the Robot Controller

Connecting the Phone to the Expansion Hub
Step 1:
Power on the Expansion Hub by turning
on the power switch.
Step 2:
Plug the Type B Mini end of the USB
cable into the USB mini port on the
Expansion Hub.
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Step 3:
Plug the Type A end of the USB cable
into the OTG adapter.
Step 4:
Verify that your Robot Controller
smartphone is powered on and unlocked.
Plug in the USB Micro OTG adapter into
the OTG port of the Robot Controller
phone.
NOTE: When the OTG adapter is plugged

into the smartphone, the phone will detect
the presence of the Expansion Hub and
launch the Robot Controller app.
Step 5:
The first time you connect the Robot
Controller smartphone to the Expansion
Hub, the Android operating system
should prompt you to ask if it is OK to
associate the newly detected USB device
(which is the Expansion Hub) with the
FTC Robot Controller app.
Important Information!
You might be prompted multiple times to
associate the USB hardware with the
FTC Robot Controller. Whenever you are
prompted by your phone with this
message, you should always select the
“Use by default for this USB device”
option and hit the “OK” button to
associate the USB device with the FTC
Robot Controller app.
If you fail to make this association, then

the Robot Controller app might not
reliably connect to this Expansion Hub
the next time you turn your system on.
Getting the Control Hub Ready
If you are using a Control Hub, you do not need to make any additional connections. You simply need to make
sure that the Control Hub is powered on and paired to the Driver Station.
5.2 Creating a Configuration File Using the Driver Station

Although the configuration file needs to reside on the Robot Controller, for this tutorial we will use the Driver
Station app to create the configuration file remotely. The Driver Station can be used to create a configuration
file for a Control Hub or an Android smartphone Robot Controller.
Creating a Configuration File on the Robot Controller using the Driver Station
Step 1:
Touch the three vertical dots in the upper
right-hand corner of the Driver Station.
This will launch a pop-up menu.
Step 2:
Select Configure Robot from the pop-up
menu to display the Configuration screen.
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Step 3:
If your Robot Controller does not have
any existing configuration files, the screen
will display a message indicating that you
need to create a file before proceeding.
Hit the New button to create a new

configuration file for your Robot Controller
Step 4:
When the new configuration screen
appears, the Robot Controller app will do
a scan of the serial bus to see what
devices are connected to the Robot
Controller.
It will display the devices that it found in a

list underneath the words USB Devices in
configuration. You should see an entry
that says something like Expansion Hub
Portal 1 in the list.
Your Expansion Hub is listed as a Portal

because it is directly connected to the
Robot Controller phone through the USB
cable.
If you do not see your Expansion Hub

Portal listed and you are using a
smartphone as a Robot Controller, check
the wired connections, then press the
Scan button one or two times to see if the
phone detects the device on a re-scan of
the USB bus.
Step 5:
Touch the Portal listing Expansion Hub Portal 1 to display what Expansion Hubs are
connected through this Portal.
Since we only have a single Expansion Hub connected, we should only see a single
Expansion Hub configured Expansion Hub 2
Step 6:
Touch the Expansion Hub listing Expansion Hub 2 to display the Input/Output ports for that
device.
The screen should change and list all the motor, servo and sensor ports that are available on
the selected Expansion Hub.
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5.3 Configuring the DC Motor

Now that you've created a file, you will need to add a DC Motor to the configuration file.
Important note: At this point, although you have created your configuration file, you have not yet saved its
contents to the Robot Controller. You will save the configuration file in a later step.
Configuring the DC Motor

Step 1:
Touch the word Motors on the screen to display the Motor Configuration screen.
Step 2:
Since we installed our motor onto port #0
of the Expansion Hub, use the dropdown
control for port 0 to select the motor type
(Tetrix Motor for this example).
Step 3:
Specify a name for your motor
(motorTest in this example).
Step 4:
Press the Done button to complete the
motor configuration. The app should
return to the previous screen.
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5.4 Configuring a Servo

You will also want to add a servo to the configuration file. In this example, you are using a standard 180-
degree servo.
Configuring the Servo

Step 1:
Touch on the word Servos on the screen to display the Servo Configuration screen.
Step 2:
Use the dropdown control to select Servo
as the servo type for port #0.
Step 3:
Use the touch pad to specify the name of
the servo (“servoTest” for this example)
for port #0.
Step 4:
servo configuration. The app should
5.5 Configuring a Color Distance Sensor

The REV Robotics Color Distance Sensor is an I2C sensor. It combines two sensor functions into a single
device. It is a color sensor, that can determine the color of an object. It is also a distance or range sensor, that
can be used to measure short range distances.
NOTE: In this tutorial, the word "distance" is used interchangeably with the word "range".
Configuring the Color Sensor

Step 1:
Touch the words I2C Bus 0 on the screen to launch the I2C configuration screen for this I2C
bus.
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The Expansion Hub has four independent I2C buses, labeled “0” through “3”. In this
example, since you connected the Color Sensor to the port labeled “0”, it resides on I2C Bus
0.
Step 2:
Look at the I2C Bus 0 screen. There
should already be a sensor configured for
this bus.
The Expansion Hub has its own built-in

inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor.
This sensor can be used to determine the
orientation of a robot, as well as, measure
the accelerations on a robot.
The built-in IMU is internally connected to

the I2C Bus 0 on each Expansion Hub.
Whenever you configure an Expansion
Hub using the Robot Controller, the app
automatically configures the IMU for I2C
Bus 0.
NOTE: You will need to add another I2C

device for this bus to be able to configure
the color sensor.
Step 3:
Press the Add button to add another I2C
device to this bus.
Step 4:
Select REV Color/Range Sensor from
the dropdown menu for this new device.
Name this device “sensorColorRange”.
Step 5:
I2C sensor configuration. The app should
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5.6 Configuring a Digital Touch Sensor

The REV Robotics Touch Sensor is a digital sensor. An Op Mode can query the touch sensor to see if its
button is being pressed or not.
Configuring the Digital Touch Sensor

Step 1:
Touch the words Digital Devices on the screen to launch the Digital I/O configuration screen.
Step 2:
Use the touch screen to add a Digital
Device for port #1 and name the device
“testTouch”.
Notice that we are configuring the Touch

Sensor on port #1 instead of port #0. This
is because when the REV Robotics Touch
Sensor is connected to a digital port using
a standard 4-wire JST sensor cable, it is
the second digital pin that is connected.
The first pin remains disconnected.
Step 3:
Press the Done button to return to the
previous screen.
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5.7 Saving the Configuration Information

Once you have configured your hardware, you must save the information to the configuration file. If you do not
save this information, it will be lost, and the robot controller will be unable to communicate with your hardware.
Saving the Configuration Information

Step 1:
Press the Done button to go up one level
in the configuration screens.
Step 2:
Press the Done button again to return to
the highest level in the configuration
screens.
Step 3:
Press the Save button.
Step 4:
When prompted, specify a configuration
file name using the touchscreen’s keypad
(use “TestConfig” for this example).
Step 5:
Press OK to save your configuration
information using that file name.
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Step 6:
After the configuration file has been
saved, touch the Android back-arrow
button to return to the main screen of the
app.
Step 7:
Verify that the configuration file is the
active configuration file on the main Driver
Station screen.
6 Writing an Op Mode
6.1 What’s an Op Mode?

During a typical FIRST Tech Challenge match, a team’s robot must perform a variety of tasks to score points.
For example, a team might want their robot to follow a white line on the competition floor, then score a game
element (such as a ball) into a goal autonomously during a match. Teams write programs called “op modes”
(which stand for “operational modes”) to specify the behavior for their robot. These op modes run on the Robot
Controller after being selected on the Driver Station.
Teams who are participating in FIRST Tech Challenge have a variety of programming tools that they can use
to create their own op modes. Teams can use a visual ("drag and drop") programming tool called the FTC
Blocks Programming Tool to create their op modes. Teams can also use a text-based Java tool known as the
FTC OnBot Java Programming Tool or Google's Android Studio integrated development environment (also
known as an "IDE") to create their op modes.
6.2 The FTC Blocks Programming Tool

The FTC Blocks Programming Tool is a user-friendly programming tool that is served up by the Robot
Controller. A user can create custom op modes for their robot using this tool, then save these op modes
directly onto the Robot Controller.
Users drag and drop jigsaw-shaped programming blocks onto a design “canvas” and arrange these blocks to
create the program logic for their op mode.
The FTC Blocks Programming Tool is powered by Google’s Blockly software and was developed with support
from Google.
Figure 3 - Users arrange jigsaw-shaped programming blocks to create the logic for their op modes.
The examples in this document use a Windows laptop computer to connect to the Robot Controller. This
Windows laptop computer has a Javascript-enabled web browser (Google Chrome) installed that is used to
access the FTC Blocks Programming Tool.
NOTE: The process used to create and edit an op mode is identical if you are using a Control Hub as your
Robot Controller.
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NOTE: If you prefer, you can use an alternate device, such as an Apple Mac laptop, or a Chromebook, instead
of a Windows computer to access the FTC Blocks Programming Tool.
6.3 Installing a Javascript-Enabled Browser

To be able to program using the blocks programming mode server, your laptop will need a Javascript-enabled
browser. FIRST recommends the use of Google Chrome as the Javascript-enabled browser for the FTC
Blocks Programming Tool. The FTC Blocks Programming Tool has been thoroughly tested using Google
Chrome.
Installing Javascript-Enabled Browser

Step 1: https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html
Visit the Google Chrome website (using your
computer’s existing browser) and follow
onscreen instructions to download and install
Chrome.
Step 2:
Note that your computer might prompt you
with a security warning during the installation
process. If you are prompted with this
warning, Select the “Run” button to continue
with the installation.
6.4 Connecting Your Laptop to the Program and Manage Network

In order to write an Op Mode, you will need to connect your programming laptop to the Program & Manage Wi-
Fi network. The Program & Manage Wi-Fi network is a wireless network created by your Robot Controller.
Before you begin this exercise, please make sure that your Windows laptop has the most current service packs
and system updates from Microsoft installed. 3
Connecting Your Laptop to the Program and Manage Network

Step 1:
On the Driver Station, touch the three dots
in the upper right-hand corner of the
screen to launch the pop-up menu. Select
Program & Manage from the pop-up
menu to display the Program & Manage
access information.
Step 2:
The Program & Manage screen displays
important information that you can use to
connect your laptop to the FTC Blocks or
OnBot Java Programming Mode server.
3This example assumes the user has a Windows 10 laptop. If you are not using a Windows laptop, the procedure to connect to the Programming
Mode server will differ. Refer to your device’s documentation for details on how to connect to a Wi-Fi network.
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Step 3:
Verify the network name and passphrase
for the Program & Manage wireless
network. Towards the top of the screen,
the name of the Program & Manage
wireless network is displayed. If you are
using an Android smartphone as your
Robot Controller, then the wireless
network name will begin with the phrase
"DIRECT-".
If you are using a Control Hub, then the

wireless network name will be whatever
you specified when you configured your
Control Hub. If you haven't changed the
Control Hub's name yet, then by default
the wireless network's name will begin with
"FTC-". If you haven't changed its
password yet, then by default the wireless
network's passphrase will be "password".
Step 4:
On your Windows 10 computer, look in the lower right-hand corner of your desktop for a Wi-Fi
symbol. Select the Wi-Fi symbol to display a list of available Wi-Fi Networks in your vicinity.
Step 5:
Look for the wireless network that matches
the name displayed on the Program &
Manage screen.
In this example, the name of the wireless

network is “DIRECT-XK-9999-C-RC” and
the network is visible in the list displayed
on the Windows 10 computer.
Step 6:
Once you have found the target network in
the list, select it.
Press the Connect button to connect to

the network.
Step 7:
When prompted, provide the network
passphrase (in this example ZU7if0hB)
and press Next to continue.
NOTE: The passphrase is case sensitive.
Step 8:
Once you have successfully established a
wireless connection between your
Windows 10 laptop and your Robot
Controller Android device, the status
should be displayed in the wireless
settings for your laptop.
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If the display is not updated, as shown,

after a few seconds, try clicking on
Network Connections at the bottom of the
blue box showing the Wi-Fi connections.
This will bring up a Setting dialog box that
includes a link to “Show available
networks.”, which can be used to force the
list of Wi-Fi connections to be updated.
NOTE: When you are connected to the

Blocks programming mode server on your
Robot Controller, your laptop will not have
access to the Internet. It only has direct
access to the Robot Controller.
6.5 Troubleshooting Your Wireless Connection

If you cannot see your Programming Mode wireless network in the list of available networks or if you are
having problems connecting your laptop to Program & Manage wireless network, make sure you answer the
following questions:
1. Is the Robot Controller running and connected to the Driver Station?

2. Is your Windows laptop updated with the most current system updates and service packs? Older
versions of Windows 8 and 10, for example, had issues that could prevent the laptop from displaying
the Program & Manage wireless network in the list of available networks.
If you are still having issues with connecting the laptop to the Robot Controller, visit Troubleshooting section of
this document for instructions on how to manually connect to the Program & Manage wireless network with a
Windows 10 laptop.
6.6 Creating Your First Op Mode

If you connected your laptop successfully to the Program & Manage wireless network of the Robot Controller,
then you are ready to create your first op mode. In this section, you will use the FTC Blocks Programming Tool
to create the program logic for your first op mode.
Creating Your First Op Mode

Step 1:
Launch the web browser on your
laptop (FIRST recommends using
Google Chrome).
Important Note: If your Robot

Controller is an Android smartphone,
then the address to access the
Program & Manage server is
“192.168.49.1:8080”.
Important Note: If your Robot

Controller is a Control Hub, then the
address to access the Program &

Manage server is "192.168.43.1:8080".
Notice the difference in the third
section of the IP addresses (the
Control Hub has a "43" instead of a
"49").
Type the appropriate web address into

the address field of your browser to
navigate to the Program & Manage
web server.
Step 2:
Verify that your web browser is
connected to the programming
mode server. If it is connected to
the programming mode server
successfully, the Robot Controller
Console should be displayed.
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Step 3:
Select the Blocks to navigate to
the main Blocks Programming
screen.
The main Blocks Programming

screen is where you create new
op modes. It is also the screen
where you can see a list of
existing Blocks Op Modes on a
Robot Controller. Initially this list
will be empty until you create and
save your first op mode.
Step 4:
Select Create New Op Mode
from the upper left-hand corner of
the browser window. Specify a
name and OK.
Step 5:
Verify that you created the new op
mode. You should see your newly
created op mode opened for editing in
your web browser’s main screen.
Notice that the left-hand side of the

browser’s screen contains a list of
categorized programming blocks. If you
select a category, a menu of available
related programming blocks opens.
The right-hand side is the design

canvas where you arrange your
programming blocks to create the logic
for your op mode.
6.7 Examining the Structure of Your Op Mode

When you create a new op mode, there should already be a set of programming blocks that are placed on the
design canvas for your op mode. These blocks are the default with each new op mode that you create. They
create the basic structure for your op mode.
Figure 4 – Each new op mode includes a set of programming blocks that form the basic structure of the op mode.
In the figure above, the main body of the op mode is defined by the outer purple bracket that has the words “to
runOpMode” at the top. As the help tip indicates, this function is executed when this op mode
(“MyFIRSTOpMode” in this example) is selected from the Driver Station.
It can be helpful to think of an op mode as a list of tasks for the Robot Controller to perform. The Robot
Controller will process this list of tasks sequentially. Users can also use control loops (such as a while loop) to
have the Robot Controller repeat (or iterate) certain tasks within an op mode.
Figure 5 - It can be helpful to think of an op mode as a task list for the Robot Controller. 4
4 Clip art image was downloaded from ClipArtBest.com on 10/13/16.
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If you think about an op mode as a list of instructions for the robot, this set of instructions will be executed by
the robot whenever a team member selects the op mode called “MyFIRSTOpMode” from the list of available
op modes for this Robot Controller.
You can hide the help text by selecting the blue question mark (“?”) icon. Let’s look at the flow of this basic op
mode. The blue colored block with the words “Put initialization blocks here” is a comment. Comments are
placed in an op mode for the benefit of the human user. The robot will ignore any comments in an op mode.
Figure 6 – Comments are blue-colored and are ignored by the robot.
Any programming blocks that are placed after the “Put initialization blocks here” comment (and before the “call
MyFIRSTOpMode.waitForStart” block) will be executed when the op mode is first selected by a user at the
Driver Station.
When the Robot Controller reaches the block labeled “call MyFIRSTOpMode.waitForStart” it will stop and wait
until it receives a Start command from the Driver Station. A Start command will not be sent until the user
pushes the Start button on the Driver Station. Any code after the “call MyFIRSTOpMode.waitForStart” block
will get executed after the Start button has been pressed.
Figure 7 – The Robot Controller will stop and wait for a Start command when it reaches this programming block.
Any blocks that are placed after the “Put run blocks here” comment and before the green block labeled “repeat
while call MyFIRSTOpMode.opModeIsActive” will be executed sequentially by the Robot Controller after the
Start button has been pressed.
The green block labeled “repeat while call MyFIRSTOpMode.opModeIsActive” is an iterative or looping control
structure.
Figure 8 - The green programming block is a while loop control block.
This green control block will perform the steps listed under the “do” portion of the block as long as the condition
“call MyFIRSTOpMode.opModeIsActive” is true. What this means is that the statements included in the “do”
portion of the block will repeatedly be executed as long as the op mode “MyFIRSTOpMode” is running. Once
the user presses the Stop button, the “call MyFIRSTOpMode.opModeIsActive” clause is no longer true and the
“repeat while” loop will stop repeating itself.
6.8 Modifying the Op Mode to Control a DC Motor

Let’s modify our op mode to add some blocks that will allow us to control a DC motor with a gamepad.
Important Note: The programming blocks for user configured devices (motors, servos and sensors) will only be
visible in the Blocks tool if there is an active configuration file with the configured devices included in the file. If
a type of device is not included in the active configuration file, then its programming blocks will be missing from
the palette of blocks.
Modifying the Op Mode to Control a DC Motor

Step 1:
On the left-hand side of the screen
select the category called Variables to
display the list of block commands that
are used to create and modify
variables within your op mode.
Select “Create variable…” that will

represent the target motor power for
our op mode.
Step 2:
When prompted, type in a
new variable name: tgtPower.
Step 3:
Once you have created your new
variable, some additional programming
blocks should appear under the
Variables block category.
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Step 4:
Select “set tgtPower to” block and
then drag the block under the “Put
loop blocks here” comment block.
The “set tgtPower to” block should

highlight and snap into position.
Step 5:
Select Gamepad of programming
blocks, then the
“gamepad1.LeftStickY” block from the
list.
NOTE: The control system lets you

have up to two gamepads controlling
a robot. By selecting “gamepad1” you
are telling the op mode to use the
control input from the gamepad that is
designated as driver #1.
Step 6:
Drag the “gamepad1.LeftStickY”
block to the right side of the “set
tgtPower to” block.
This set of blocks will continually

loop and read the value of
gamepad #1’s left joystick (the y
position) and set the variable
tgtPower to the Y value of the left
joystick.
NOTE: The F310 gamepads, the Y

value of a joystick ranges from -1,
when a joystick is in its topmost
position, to +1, when a joystick is
in its bottommost position.
This means that for the blocks

shown in our example, if the left
joystick is pushed to the top, the

variable tgtPower will have a value
of -1.
Step 7:
Select the Math category for the
programming blocks then the
negative symbol (“- “).
Step 8:
Drag the negative symbol (also
known as a “negation operator”) to
the left of the
“gamepad1.LeftStickY” block.
It should click into place after the

“set tgtPower to” block and before
the “gamepad1.LeftStickY” block.
With this change, the variable

tgtPower will be set to +1 if the left
joystick is in its topmost position
and will be set to -1 if the joystick
is in its bottommost position.
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Step 9:
Select Actuators category of
blocks, then DcMotor.
Step 10:
Select the “set motorTest.Power to
1” programming block.
Step 11:
Drag “set motorTest.Power to 1”
block so that it snaps in place right
below the “set tgtPower to” block.
Step 12:
Select the Variables, then
“tgtPower” block.
Step 13:
Drag the “tgtPower” block so it
snaps in place just to the right of
the “set motor1.Power to” block.
The “tgtPower” block should

automatically replace the default
value of “1” block.
6.9 Inserting Telemetry Statements

Your op mode is just about ready to run. However, before we continue, let’s add a couple of telemetry
statements that will send information from the Robot Controller to the Driver Station for display on the Driver
Station user interface. This telemetry mechanism is a useful way to display status information from the robot on
the Driver Station. You can use this mechanism to display sensor data, motor status, gamepad state, etc. from
the Robot Controller to the Driver Station.
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Inserting Telemetry Statements

Step 1:
Select Utilities, then Telemetry and the
“call telemetry.addData (key, number)”
block.
Step 2:
Drag the “call telemetry.addData(key,
number)” block and place it below the
“set motor1.Power to” block.
Select the green text block “key” and

highlight the text and change it to read
“Target Power”.
NOTE: The “call telemetry.update” block

is an important block. Data that is added
to the telemetry buffer will not be sent to
the Driver Station until the
telemetry.update method is called.
Step 3:
Select the Variables then the “tgtPower”
block.
Drag the block so it clicks into place next

to the “number” parameter on the
telemetry programming block.
The Robot Controller will send the value

of the variable “tgtPower” to the Driver
Station with a key or label of “Target
Power”. The key will be displayed to the
left of the value on the Driver Station.
Step 4:
Repeat this process and
name the new key “Motor
Power”.
Step 5:
Select Actuators, then
DcMotor.
Look for the green

programming block labeled
“motorTest.Power”.
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Step 6:
Drag the “motorTest.Power”
block to the “number”
parameter of the second
telemetry block.
Your op mode will now also

send the motor power
information from the Robot
Controller to be displayed on
the Driver Station.
6.10 Saving Your Op Mode

After you have modified your op mode, it is important to save the op mode to the Robot Controller.
Saving Your Op Mode

(Time Needed to Complete Task: 1 minute)
Step 1:
Save Op Mode to the Robot Controller’s
programming mode server. If your save was
successful, you should see Save completed
successfully in green letters.
6.11 Exiting Programming Mode

After you have modified and saved your op mode, you need to exit Programming Mode before you will be able
to run your op mode.
Saving Your Op Mode

(Time Needed to Complete Task: 1 minute)
Step 1:
Press the Android back arrow to exit
Programming Mode. You need to exit
Programming Mode before you can run your
op mode.
7 Running Your Op Mode
Your op mode requires input from a gamepad and uses this input to control a DC motor. To run your op mode,
you will need to connect a Logitech F310 gamepad to the Driver Station.
Running Your Op Mode

Step 1:
Before you connect your gamepad to
the phone, verify that the switch on the
bottom of the gamepad is set to the “X”
position.
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Step 2:
Connect the gamepad to the Driver
Station using the Micro USB OTG
adapter cable.
Step 3:
Your example op mode is looking for
input from the gamepad designated as
the user or driver #1.
Press the Start button and the A button

simultaneously on the Logictech F310
controller to designate your gamepad as
user #1.
NOTE: Pushing the Start button and the

B button simultaneously would
designate the gamepad as user #2.
Step 4:
On the Driver Station screen, press the triangular-shaped, TeleOp to display a list of available
op modes.
You should see your recently saved op mode among the list of available op modes that reside
on your Robot Controller.
NOTE: TeleOp is short for Tele-Operated and it implies a driver-controlled op mode (i.e., an
op mode that gets input from a human driver).
Step 5:
Select MyFIRSTOpMode to load your
op mode on the Robot Controller.
NOTE: Even though you are using the

Driver Station to select the op mode, the
actual op mode instructions will be
executed on the Robot Controller.
Step 6:
Press INIT to initialize your op mode.
Step 7:
Press Start (designated by the
triangular-shaped symbol) to start the op
mode run.
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Step 8:
Use the left joystick of the gamepad to
control the operation of the DC motor.
As you manipulate the left joystick up

and down, the target power and the
motor power should be displayed in the
lower left-hand corner of the screen.
If you want to stop your op mode, press

the square-shaped Stop button on the
Driver Station.
8 Controlling a Servo Motor with an Op Mode
In this section, you will modify your op mode to control a servo motor with the buttons of the gamepad.
8.1 What is a Servo Motor?

A servo motor is a special type of motor that is designed for precise motion. A typical servo motor has a limited
range of motion.
In the figure below, a “standard scale” 180-degree servo is shown. This type of servo is popular with hobbyists
and with FIRST Tech Challenge teams. This servo motor can rotate its shaft through a range of 180 degrees.
Using an electronic module known as a servo controller you can write an op mode that will move a servo motor
to a specific position. Once the motor reaches this target position, it will hold the position, even if external
forces are applied to the shaft of the servo.
Figure 9 – An example of a servo motor that is commonly used on FIRST Tech Challenge robots. 5
Servo motors are useful when you want to do precise movements (for example, sweep an area with a sensor
to look for a target or move the control surfaces on a remotely controlled airplane).
8.2 Modifying Your Op Mode to Control a Servo

Let’s modify your op mode to add the logic required to control a servo motor. For this example, you will use the
buttons on the Logitech F310 gamepad to control the position of the servo motor.
5 Image taken from the Pitsco website on 10/17/2016 (see https://c10645061.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/product/icongo/icg_39197_180degservo.jpg).

With a typical servo, you can specify a target position for the servo. The servo will turn its motor shaft to move
to the target position, and then maintain that position, even if moderate forces are applied to try and disturb its
position.
For the Program & Manage server, you can specify a target position that ranges from 0 to 1 for a servo. A
target position of 0 corresponds to zero degrees of rotation and a target position of 1 corresponds to 180
degrees of rotation for a typical servo motor.
Figure 10 - A typical servo motor can rotate to and hold a position from 0 to 180 degrees.
In this example, you will use the colored buttons on the right side of the F310 controller to control the position
of the servo. Initially, the op mode will move the servo to the midway position (90 degrees of its 180-degree
range). Pushing the yellow “Y” button will move the servo to the zero-degree position. Pushing the blue “X”
button or the red “B” button will move the servo to the 90-degree position. Pushing the green “A” button will
move the servo to the 180-degree position.
Figure 11 – The colored buttons on the right side of the gamepad will be used to control servo position.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Modifying the Op Mode to Control a Servo Motor

Step 1:
Verify that your laptop is still
connected to the Robot Controller’s
Program & Manage Wi-Fi network.
Step 2:
Verify that MyFIRSTOpMode is
opened for editing.
If it is not, select the FIRST logo in the

upper left-hand corner of the browser
window. This should take you to the
main FTC Blocks Development Tool
screen.
Select the MyFIRSTOpMode project

to open it.
Step 3:
select Actuators and then Servo.
Step 4:
Select the “set servoTest.Position to”
block from the list of available Servo
blocks.
Step 5:
Drag the “set servoTest.Position to”
block under the comment block “Put
initialization blocks here.”
The block should click into place.
Step 6:
Select the number block ”0” and
change the block’s value to “0.5”.
When a user selects this op mode, the

servo position will initially be set to the
midway point (90-degree position).
Step 7:
Select Logic, then select the “if do”
block from the list of available blocks.
Drag the block under the comment

block “Put loop blocks here.”
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 8:
Select the Gamepad and the
“gamepad1.Y” block from the list of
available blocks.
NOTE: This block is towards the

bottom of the list of blocks.
Step 9:
Drag the “gamepad1.Y” block to the
right side of the “if do” block.
The “if do” block will use the state of

the “gamepad1.Y” value its test
condition. If the “Y” button is pressed,
the statements within the “do” portion
of the block will be executed.
Step 10:
select the category called Actuators,
then Servo.
Step 11:
Select the “set servoTest.Position to”
block from the list of available Servo
blocks.
Step 12:
Drag the “set servoTest.Position to”
block so that it snaps in place in the do
portion of the “if do” block.
If the “Y” button is pressed on

gamepad #1, the op mode will move
the servo’s position to the 0-degree
position.
Step 13:
Select the blue and white Settings
icon for the “if do” block. This will
display a pop-up menu that lets you
modify the “if do” block.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 14:
Drag an “else if” block from the left
side of the pop-up menu and snap it
into place under the “if” block.
Drag a second “else if” block from the

left side and snap it into place on the
right side under the first “else if” block.
Step 15:
Select the Settings icon to hide the
pop-up menu for the “if do” block.
The “if do” block should now have two

“else if” test conditions added.
Step 16:
Select Logic then the “and” block
Step 17:
Drag the “and” block so it clicks in
place as the test condition for the first
“else if” block.
Step 18:
Select the word “and” and select “or”
from the pop-up menu to change the
block to a logical “or” block.
Step 19:
Select the Gamepad and select the
“gamepad1.X” block.
Drag the block so that it clicks in place

as the first test condition of the logical
“or” block.
Step 20:
Select Gamepad and the
“gamepad1.B” block.
Drag the block so that it clicks in place

as the second test condition of the
logical “or” block.
Step 21:
Select a “set servoTest.Position to”
block and place it into “do” clause of
the first else-if block.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 22:
Highlight the number “0” and
change it to “0.5”.
With this change, if the user

presses the “X” button or “B”
button on gamepad #1, the op
mode will move the servo to the
midway (90-degree) position.
Step 23:
Use a “gamepad1.A” block as
the test condition for the second
“else if” block.
Drag a “set servoTest.position

to” block to the do clause of the
second “else if” block and
modify the numeric value so
that the servo’s position will be
set to a value of 1.
For this clause, if the “A” button

is pressed on the #1 gamepad,
the op mode will move the servo
to the 180-degree position.
Step 24:
Insert a “call telemetry.addData”
block (numeric) before the “call
Telemetry.update” block.
Rename the key field to “Servo

Position” and insert a
“servoTest.Position” block for
the number field.
This set of blocks will send the

current servo position value to
the Driver Station while the op
mode is running.
Step 25:
Save Op Mode and verify that it
was saved successfully to the
Robot Controller.
Step 26:
Following the procedure
outlined in Running Your Op
Mode to run your updated op
mode.
Don’t forget to exit programming

mode before selecting and
running the op mode. Also,
make sure that your gamepad is
designated as User #1 before
running your op mode.
You should now be able to

control the servo position with
the colored buttons. The servo
position should be displayed on
the Driver Station.
9 Using Sensors
9.1 Color-Distance Sensor

A sensor is a device that lets the Robot Controller get information about its environment. In this example, you
will use a REV Robotics Color-Distance sensor to display range (distance from an object) info to the driver
station.
The Color-Range sensor uses reflected light to determine the distance from the sensor to the target object. It
can be used to measure close distances (up 5” or more) with reasonable accuracy.
NOTE: The REV Color-Range sensor saturates around 2” (5cm). This means that for distances less than or
equal to 2”, the sensor returns a measured distance equal to 2” or so.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Modifying the Op Mode to Display Distance

Step 1:
Verify that your laptop
is still connected to the
Robot Controller’s
Program & Manage Wi-
Fi network.
Step 2:
Verify that
“MyFIRSTOpMode” is
opened for editing.
If it is not, you can

select the FIRST logo
in the upper left-hand
corner. This should
take you to the main
FTC Blocks
Development Tool
project screen.
Select the
“MyFIRSTOpMode”
project to open it.
Step 3:
Select Utilities, then
Telemetry.
Step 4:
Select the “call
telemetry.addData” block
(the numeric version) and
drag it to the spot in your
“while” loop block
immediately before the
“telemetry.update” block.
Step 5:
Click and highlight the “key”
text and change the text so it
reads “Distance (cm)”.
Step 6:
Select and expand the Sensors category. Select the “REVColor/RangeSensor” subcategory.
Select the “call sensorColorRange.getDistance” programming block.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 7:
Drag the “call sensorColorRange.getDistance” programming block to the “number” field of the
“call telemetry.addData” programming block.
This will send the measured distance to the target in centimeters back to the Driver Station.
Step 8:
Save your op mode and
verify that it was saved
successfully to the Robot
Controller.
Step 9:
Follow the procedure
outlined in the section
Running Your Op Mode to
run your updated op mode.
As you run the op mode, if

you move your hand above
the color light sensor, you
should see the measured
distance change on the
Driver Station screen. If the
expression “NaN” (not a
number) is displayed on the
Driver Station, the target is
most likely out of range (and
the sensor does not detect
any reflected light).
9.2 Touch Sensor

For this example, we assume that the REV Robotics Touch Sensor has been configured as a digital touch
sensor in the Robot Controller's active configuration file. We will use the "isPressed" programming block to
determine if the button on the sensor is currently pressed or not.
The REV Robotics Touch Sensor can be connected to a digital port on the Hub. The Touch Sensor is HIGH
(returns TRUE) when it is not pressed. It is pulled LOW (returns FALSE) when it is pressed.
Figure 12 - REV Robotics Touch Sensor.
The Hub digital ports contain two digital pins per port. When you use a 4-wire JST cable to connect a REV
Robotics Touch Sensor to the Hub digital port, the Touch Sensor is wired to the second of the two digital pins
within the port. The first digital pin of the 4-wire cable remains disconnected.
For example, if you connect a Touch Sensor to the “0,1” digital port of the Hub, the Touch Sensor will be
connected to the second pin (labeled “1”) of the port. The first pin (labeled “0”) will stay disconnected.
Modifying the Op Mode to Display Button State

Step 1:
Verify that your laptop is still
connected to the Robot Controller’s
Program & Manage Wi-Fi network.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 2:
Verify that MyFIRSTOpMode is
opened for editing.
If it is not, you can select the FIRST

logo. This should take you to the
main FTC Blocks Development Tool
project screen.
Select the MyFIRSTOpMode project

to open it.
Step 3:
Select Logic, then the “if do else”
block.
Step 4:
Drag the “if do else” block to the
position before the
“Telemetry.update” block.
Step 5:
Select the Sensors
category to expand it.
Select the Touch
Sensor subcategory,
then find and select the
“.isPressed” block.
Step 6:
Drag the “isPressed”
block to the test
condition of the “if do
else” programming block.
Step 7:
Select the Utilities
category on the left-hand
side of your browser.
Find and Select the
Telemetry subcategory.
Select the “call

telemetry.addData” block
(the text version) and
drag it to the “do” clause
of the “if do else” block.
Step 8:
Change the “key” value
to “testTouch” and the
“text” value to “is
pressed”.
Step 9:
Insert another "telemetry.addData" block (the text version) to the "else" clause of the "if do
else" block. Change the “key” value to “testTouch” and the “text” value to “is NOT pressed”.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Step 10:
Save your op mode and verify that it was
saved successfully to the Robot
Controller.
Step 11:
Following the procedure outlined in the
section titled Running Your Op Mode.
As you run the op mode and push or

release the button, the telemetry
message on the Driver Station should
update to reflect the current state of the
digital Touch Sensor.
10 Troubleshooting
10.1 Manually Connecting to the Blocks Programming Mode Wi-Fi Network

Section 6.4 describes how to search for the blocks programming mode Wi-Fi network from a list of available
networks and then connect to it with a Windows laptop. For some Windows devices, the laptop might not
display your blocks programming mode Wi-Fi network in its list of available networks. This problem can occur
with some Windows 10 machines (and possibly with some Windows 8 machines), especially if the computer
does not have current system updates and service packs.
If you are having problems seeing your FTC Blocks Programming Wi-Fi network in your list of available
networks, make sure that your Driver Station is paired and connected to your Robot Controller (see section 3.5
of this document). Also, make sure that your Robot Controller is in Programming Mode (see section 6.4 of this
document). Also, make sure that your Windows 10 device has its most current updates installed from
Microsoft.
If you have verified that the Driver Station is paired and connected to the Robot Controller and that the Robot
Controller is in Programming Mode, and if you have verified that your Windows 10 updates are current, then
you might have to manually connect your Windows 10 computer to the blocks programming mode Wi-Fi
network.
You can manually connect to this network as if the network were a hidden network (i.e., a network that does
not broadcast its presence to other Wi-Fi devices).
Manually Connecting to the Programming Mode Wi-Fi Network

Step 1:
In the lower right-hand corner of the
Windows 10 desktop, select the
network icon in the system tray to
display a list of available Wi-Fi

networks.
If you still do not see your blocks

programming mode network listed,
then scroll to the bottom of the list and
look for the item “Hidden Network”.
Step 2:
Select the “Hidden Network” listing to
start the connection process. The
listing should display a “Connect”
button.
Make sure the option “Connect

automatically” is checked and then
Select the “Connect” button to
continue with the process.
Step 3:
The computer should prompt you for
the name or SSID of your blocks
programming mode Wi-Fi network.
You should type in the network name
that is displayed in the Programming
Mode window of the Android device.
Note, the SSID or network name is

case sensitive. Make sure the
capitalization of the name that you
enter matches the capitalization of the
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
name displayed in the Programming

Mode Window.
Step 4:
The computer should then prompt you
for the passphrase to access this Wi-Fi
network. You should type in the
network passphrase that is displayed
in the Programming Mode window of
the Android device.
Note that the passphrase is case

sensitive. Make sure that your spelling
and capitalization matches the original
spelling and capitalization shown on
the Programming Mode screen.
Step 5:
Your computer will prompt you on
whether you want to make your PC
discoverable by other devices on this
network. Click “Yes” to continue.
Step 6:
The computer will attempt to connect
to your network. Note that it could take
several minutes before it connects.
Step 7:
If you could successfully connect to
the network, it will eventually appear in
the list of networks on your computer.
Note that when your computer is

connected to the blocks programming
server on your Robot Controller phone,
it will not have access to the Internet.
10.2 Troubleshooting Tips

In this section, we provide some basic tips on troubleshooting problems that you might encounter when using
the blocks programming mode server to write op modes for your Robot Controller.
10.2.1 Cannot See the Blocks Programming Mode Wireless Network

If you are trying to connect to the blocks programming mode wireless network so that you can create/edit an op
mode for your Robot Controller, but you cannot see this wireless network listed as an available network for
your laptop to connect to, verify the following items:
1. Make sure the Driver Station is successfully paired to the Robot Controller (see section for details).
Often the Robot Controller’s Wi-Fi Direct network will time out if it is not connected to the Driver Station.
2. Make sure the Robot Controller has been switched successfully to programming mode (see section 0).
3. Power cycle (turn off and then turn back on) your Robot Controller phone and then relaunch the FTC
Robot Controller app. Reconnect the Driver Station to the Robot Controller, and then turn off the
wireless adapter on your laptop for a few seconds, and then turn it back on (to force a rescan of the
available Wi-Fi networks).
10.2.2 “Save project failed. Error code 0.”

If you attempt to save the op mode that you are currently editing, but you receive an error message indicating
that the “Save project failed. Error code 0.” you might not be connected to the blocks programming mode
sever:
1. Make sure the Robot Controller is in programming mode.

2. Make sure that your laptop is connected to the blocks programming mode Wi-Fi network.
3. If you have verified the first two items, press the “Save Op Mode” button again to re-attempt the save
operation.
Figure 13 – If the save attempt fails, you might not be connected to the blocks programming mode network and/or server.
10.2.3 Op Mode Blocks Are Missing…

If you have opened an existing op mode to edit it in your Javascript-enabled browser, but the programming
blocks are missing, check the following:
1. Did you remember to save the op mode the last time you edited and then exited the op mode? If you
did not save the op mode after the last editing session, you might have lost some of your changes.
2. Are the blocks collapsed and/or in an area of the design “canvas” (or design pane) that is outside your
current browser window? If so, you can use the expand and cleanup functions of the blocks
programming tool to expand all the blocks on your screen and to organize them in an easy-to-view (and
easy-to-find) manner.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Figure 14 – You can right mouse Select “canvas” and select Expand Blocks to expand all the blocks in your op mode.
Figure 15 – Right mouse Select the canvas/design pane and select Clean up Blocks to organize all your blocks.
3. Are your programming blocks missing and you only see a solitary gray rectangular block on your
screen? If this is the case, then you should check to see if the active configuration file for the Robot
Controller is the same configuration file that you originally used to create the op mode. There is a bug in
early versions of the blocks programming software that prevents the blocks server from properly
rendering the programming blocks if the active configuration of the Robot Controller does not match the
original configuration file used to create the op mode. More specifically, if some of the hardware
devices (such as the DC motors or servos) from the original file are missing from the current
configuration file, the blocks mode server will not properly display the programming blocks in the design
pane.
Figure 16 – Are the programming blocks missing and only a solitary gray rectangular block is visible?
10.2.4 Driver Station Appears Unresponsive

If you are ready to run an op mode, but the Driver Station is unresponsive and you cannot initialize or start your
selected op mode, check the following items:
1. Verify that the Driver Station is properly paired to the Robot Controller.
2. Make sure that the Robot Controller is not in Programming Mode.
3. Check the ping times on the Driver Station main screen. The ping time is the average time it takes for
the Driver Station to send a message to the Robot Controller and for the Robot Controller to
acknowledge that it received the message. If the ping time is low (< 20 msec) the wireless connection
between the Driver Station and Robot Controller is good. If the ping time is consistently high (> 50
msec) there could be some wireless interference in your venue that is causing the problems between
the Driver Station and the Robot Controller.
10.2.5 Warning: problem communicating…

If you are trying to run an op mode and you notice error messages like the ones displayed below, it could be
that your wired connection between the phone and the electronic modules is bad.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Figure 17 - A "problem communicating with..." message often indicates a bad connection between the phone and modules.
If you notice this error message, here are some things you can try:
1. Verify that the USB cable connecting the phone to the Expansion Hub is secure and well connected.
2. Verify that the 12V power cables connecting the battery to the switch and the Expansion Hub are
properly secured and connected. Also, verify that the power switch is in the on position.
3. Try to do a “Restart Robot” from the pop-up menu (touch the three vertical dots in the upper right-hand
screen of the Robot Controller or Driver Station apps).
4. If that does not work, disconnect the USB cable from the phone, then shut down the main power switch
on the Expansion Hub. Wait for 5 seconds, then power the device back on and reconnect the USB
cable to the phone.
10.2.6 Additional Disconnect Incidents with Motorola E4, G5 and G5 Plus Phones
We have observed a few incidents where teams who were using newer Motorola phones have had
disconnects similar to the ones described in an earlier Troubleshooting article (see Motorola E4, G5 and G5
Plus Phones Disconnecting Momentarily). These newer Motorola phones have support for 5GHz Wi-Fi
Channels.
What we observed was that these teams saw occasional disconnects, primarily during the autonomous portion
of the match with these 5GHz enabled phones. For these newer Motorola phones, if the phone thinks that the
WiFi radio is not being used, the phone will take control of the radio and scan the available WiFi channels.
When the phone is doing this scanning, the WiFi radio appears to not be available to the FTC app. We do not
know the exact purpose of these scans (the manufacturer will not disclose a reason), but if the system thinks
the radio is available, it will scan the available channels sequentially. We have documented that when these
scans occur with the newer phones (which have the additional 5GHz channels as part of the scan process) the
scans can take a relatively long amount of time to complete (greater than 2 seconds) causing the watchdog
safety mechanism in our apps to kick in. This watchdog mechanism will cause the Robot Controller to go into
an Emergency Stop (E Stop) mode.
Note that the heartbeat messages sent by the Driver Station (and acknowledged by the Robot Controller) do
not seem to suppress this scanning behavior on the Motorola phones. However, telemetry messages sent from
the Robot Controller to the Driver Station do seem to suppress the scanning process.A fix for the FTC apps
has been developed that will address this Motorola scanning issue.
Teams who experienced these disconnects, even after they modified the wait for start process as described in
the previous Troubleshooting report, seemed to have the disconnects occur during the autonomous portion of
their matches. An inspection of their autonomous op modes revealed that these teams often had linear op
modes with long (greater than 2 seconds) sleep intervals. To work around the Motorola scanning issue, the
teams rewrote their op modes so that if they needed to sleep for a fair amount of time, they would periodically
send telemetry messages from the robot controller while they were sleeping to suppress this scanning
behavior.
For a team that is using an iterative op mode, a telemetry statement can be placed in the loop() method to
suppress the scanning behavior. For a team that is using a linear op mode, a custom sleep method can be
made which will cause the Robot Controller to periodically send telemetry statements and avoid this scanning
behavior.
In the following example Blocks op mode, the op mode uses a custom function called "mySleep" rather than
the standard sleep block when it needs to sleep during its autonomous run.
In this example, the mySleep user-defined function uses a timer to "sleep" the requested amount. However, in
between periodic sleeps, the mySleep function will also send out an occasional telemetry message to suppress
the Motorola WiFi scanning behavior.
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Similarly, if you are using Java to write your op mode, you can call a custom, user-defined sleep method
instead of using the LinearOpMode's sleep method:
motorTest.setPower(0.2);
mySleep(7000, "Motor is running...");
motorTest.setPower(0);
mySleep(3000, "Should be off...");
The Java version of the mySleep method also uses an elapsed timer to send telemetry messages periodically
while sleeping. These telemetry statements should suppress WiFi scanning on the Motorola devices.
public void mySleep(long interval, String msg) {

ElapsedTime myTimer = new ElapsedTime(ElapsedTime.Resolution.MILLISECONDS);
while(myTimer.milliseconds() < interval && opModeIsActive()) {
telemetry.addData("Elapsed Time (msec)", "%.00f", myTimer.milliseconds());
telemetry.addData("mySleep", msg);
telemetry.update();
this.sleep(250);
}
}
10.2.7 Wi-Fi Blocker at Venue

We have had several incidents where FTC (and even FRC) events have been disrupted by the presence of Wi-
Fi Blocking technology. A Wi-Fi Blocker or Suppressor is a device (often built-in as a feature of a wireless
access point) that prevents people from using an unauthorized Wi-Fi network in the vicinity of the Blocker.
If there is a Wi-Fi blocker present, then teams will have trouble connecting their Driver Station devices to their
Robot Controllers whenever they are in the range of the Blocker. The Driver Station might be able to see, for
example, the Robot Controller listed as an available device, but it would fail to connect or stay connected to the
Robot Controller in the presence of the Blocker.
A good way to detect a Wi-Fi blocker is to take a pair of the problematic Android devices outside, away from
the school's Wi-Fi system. If the devices can pair outside and stay connected (and can run op modes) outside,
and if these devices suddenly disconnect once you move them back inside, then you might have a Wi-Fi
Blocker present.
NOTE: We have even had an instance of a region that was at a school where they held an event in a prior year
without issue. However, the teams were now having problems connecting their Android devices and it turned
out that the school had installed a Wi-Fi Blocker in between the previous and current events.
If you have confirmed that there is a Wi-Fi Blocker present, then the best course of action is to work with the
venue's IT administrator to disable the Wi-Fi Blocker for the event.
NOTE: FIRST has seen instances where the IT administrators did not even realize this Wi-Fi Blocking
technology was present. It turned out that their wireless access points had this feature built-in, and they had to
modify a configuration file (i.e., modify a "white list") to permit devices with a certain IP address range
(192.x.x.x) to be allowed in their venue.
At some events, FTAs discovered a WiFi Blocker, but did not have an IT admin available to disable it. The
FTAs were able to find the Wi-Fi Blockers in the venue that were located close to the competition field and
unplug them for the duration of their event. The FTAs reported that after the devices were powered off, the
teams were able to pair and control their robots successfully.
NOTE: that the Wi-Fi Event Checklist suggests that an FTA or similar technical volunteer conduct some
preliminary tests in advance of an event to check for things like Wi-Fi Blockers. The best way to deal with a
Blocker is to detect it well in advance of your event.
Wi-Fi Event Checklist
Also, in the United States of America, the FCC has ruled Wi-Fi Blocking illegal:
FCC Warning on Wi-Fi Blocking
Revision 1: 8.12.2021
Appendix A – Resources
Game Forum Q&A

https://ftc-qa.firstinspires.org/
Anyone may view questions and answers within the FIRST® Tech Challenge game Q&A forum without a
password. To submit a new question, you must have a unique Q&A system user name and password for your
team.
Volunteer Forum
Volunteers can request access to role specific volunteer forums by emailing
[email protected]. You will receive access to the forum thread specific to your role.
FIRST Tech Challenge Game Manuals

Part 1 and 2 - https://www.firstinspires.org/resource-library/ftc/game-and-season-info
FIRST Headquarters Pre-Event Support

Phone: 603-666-3906
Mon – Fri
8:30am – 5:00pm
Email: [email protected]
FIRST Websites
FIRST homepage – www.firstinspires.org
FIRST Tech Challenge Page – For everything FIRST Tech Challenge.
FIRST Tech Challenge Volunteer Resources – To access public volunteer manuals.
FIRST Tech Challenge Event Schedule – Find FIRST Tech Challenge events in your area.
FIRST Tech Challenge Social Media

FIRST Tech Challenge Twitter Feed - If you are on Twitter, follow the FIRST Tech Challenge Twitter feed for
news updates.
FIRST Tech Challenge Facebook page - If you are on Facebook, follow the FIRST Tech Challenge page for news
updates.
FIRST Tech Challenge YouTube Channel – Contains training videos, game animations, news clips, and more.
FIRST Tech Challenge Blog – Weekly articles for the FIRST Tech Challenge community, including outstanding
volunteer recognition!
FIRST Tech Challenge Team Email Blasts – contain the most recent FIRST Tech Challenge news for teams.
Feedback
We strive to create support materials that are the best they can be. If you have feedback about this manual, please email
[email protected]. Thank you!

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2021-2022 FIRST® Tech Challenge

Blocks Programming Guide

What is FIRST® Tech Challenge?

FIRST® uses this term to describe our programs’ intent.

Autonomous vs. Driver-Controlled

1.1 Point-to-Point Control System

1.2 REV Robotics Expansion Hub

1.3 REV Robotics Control Hub

One (1) Control Hub and one (1) FIRST-

Wireless Internet access

Laptop with Microsoft Windows 7, 8 or

NOTE: Your laptop should have the most

Javascript-enabled web browser (Google

REV Robotics Expansion Hub (REV-31-

REV Robotics Tamiya to XT30 Adapter

FIRST-approved 12V Battery (such as

FIRST-approved 12V DC Motor (such as

REV Robotics Anderson to JST VH

180-Degree Standard Scale Servo (such

REV Robotics Color Sensor with 4-Pin

USB Type A male to type mini-B male

Two (2) micro USB OTG adapters

Logitech F310 USB Gamepad

3 Setting Up Your Smartphones

3.1 What Needs to be Configured for My Control System?

Users with Two Android Devices

3.2 Renaming Your Devices

You can also set the Wi-Fi Direct inactivity

NOTE: In the screenshot shown to the right,

3.3 Installing the FIRST Tech Challenge Apps

1. From the Android Wi-Fi screen look for the name of

2. Specify the password using the touch keypad and

3. Grant Google Chrome permission to install from

a. Go to Settings, then Apps & notifications.

b. Select Advanced, then Special app access.

c. Install unknown apps, then select Chrome.

d. Allow access for Google Chrome

4. Uninstall the old application.

5. Download the desired FTC app from the

6. After you have successfully installed the app, you

7. Go to the Android Wi-Fi screen, find the name of

8. Click on the FORGET button to forget the wireless

3.4 Placing Phones into Airplane Mode with Wi-Fi On

Placing Phones into Airplane Mode with Wi-Fi On

NOTE: On some smartphones you might

Activate Airplane mode icon (which is shaped

NOTE: Touch the “Wi-Fi” icon on the quick

3.5 Pairing the Driver Station to the Robot Controller

Control Hub Users

Pairing the Driver Station to the Control Hub

Connect an approved 12V battery to the power

The LED should initially be blue on the Control

It takes approximately 40 seconds for the

NOTE: The light blinks blue every ~5 seconds

On the Driver Station device, select the FTC Driver

NOTE: The first time you launch the app

Touch the three vertical dots on the upper right-

Select Settings from the pop-up menu.

From the Settings screen, select

Touch the words Control Hub to indicate