t i/ THE BLOSSOM ACADEMY at GRAMMAR CLASSeA The past (1) 1 Read the following descriptions of the form and use of the past simple. past simple - form ee 1 The past simple of regular verbs is formed by adding -ed to the base form of the verb: walk > walked — jump > jumped though many common verbs have irregular past simple forms: buy > bought see > saw We form questions in the past simple adding the auxiliary did before the subject of the verb: Did the doctor get to the meeting in time? Did Annette win the prize? 3. We form the negative of the past simple by adding did + not or 1'¢ before the base form of the verb: ‘The animals did not stay in the field. David didi finish bis sentence. past simple - use @ past simple « past continuous 4) We use the past simple to talk about single, complete events in the past: She came round the corner of the house and saw the lorry. France won the World Cup. 5. We use the past simple to talk about repeated events in the past: She wrote to him once a week. She went to work by car every day. 6 We use the past simple to talk about a situation that continued for some time in the past but is now finished: We lived in the country at that time, She studied philosophy for three yearscontinuous - form past 7 The past continuous is formed past form of the verb be and th of the main verb: Jean was playing the clarinet. The nurses were singing in the children's ward. ith the -ing form 8 We form questions by putting the auxiliary before the subject: Was Jean playing the flute? What were the nurses singing? © The negative is formed by adding not or n't to the auxiliary: ‘She wasn't playing the guitar Weren't they singing very loud? @ past continuous — use 10 We use the past continuous to talk about actions which were in progress ata particular time in the past: Twas playing in the garden at ten o'clock. She was studying for her exams yesterday evening. Remember: there are certain verbs that are nnot usually used in the continuous, such as verbs describing feelings (e.g. want, like, hate, hope) and other stative verbs such as remember recognise, belong (see Unit 1, Section A, Exercise 1, point 4). @ @2 Write either the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. The first one is done for you. Ik (a be) was. 6.15. In the Adelphi Theatre the actors (b arrive) for the evening performance. It (¢ raining) outside. Jack Long, the carctaker, (d sweep) the corridor when he (e hear) a loud voice. He (Fook) - around. On the stage a young woman (g stand)... in the darkness, (h speak) loudly. When she (i notice) the caretaker, she (j stop) and (k run) off the stage. ‘What (I you/do) > he (m shout) an The girl (n say) ‘I'm sorry. | (0 pass) the theatre and the door (pis) open. I've never been on a stage before and I really (q want) to try it, I just want to be an actress! ?Look at the pictures. Which picture do the sentences below belong to? The first one is done for you. e i eo o eS i a Aman and a woman were walking, exhausted, —e It was a mirage. adesert. . pidtue 1. fl y ner that same day, towards evening, a pilot flying his light aircraft low over the desert, b He looked down and saw two people. ¢ Bur when they got there it disappeared. & They saw an oasis and hurried towards it. fh He managed to land and help the exhausted d They were collapsing and were clearly near to death. couple into his plane. i They didn’t have any water left.»eB The past (2) 1 Read the following explanation of the past perfect. 1 The past perfect is made by using the anxiliary had or ‘d and the past participle: Janet had climbed that hill before. The wachers had already left the hall. He was sure that he'd paid the bill. 2 The negative is formed by adding 10 oF n't to the auxiliary verb: Sara hadn't met Colin before. Liam and Stephanie hadn't finished their dinner when Joe arrived. 3. We form questions by changing the pe of the subject of the verb and the auxiliary: Had the train gone? Where had Monica left her keys? past perfect 4° The past perfect is used to talk about something that took place before another past event or situation: amt walked into his sitting room and sav that someone had painted it green. When 1 arrived at the station, the train had gone. Note: if we want to use more than one verb with the same subject in the past perfect we only need to use the auxiliary once: Ned had picked up the box, opened it, and thrown the contents away.2 Read the following story. Underline the past tense verbs in each sentence and circle the event that happened first. The first one is done for you. a When David got home he saw that someoneQhad lefPthe front door open. He wondered what on earth had happened. He noticed that someone had made a lot of footprints in the flowerbed. He was sure that he'd locked the door that morning. He was horrified to sce that someone had smashed the window. David He went into the siti wall had gone. h The burglar had not had time to take everything because David came home, i When he had looked around the house he phoned the police. j He told them exactly what the burglar had taken. k The police said that he had done the right thin 1 He hadn't touched anything before he called them. m They hoped that the damage had not been too serious. fn After he had finished the phone call he made himself a cup of tea. (© He was glad they hadn't taken the kettle! oo ae wessed chat a burglar had broken in. room and saw that the clock on the mane= Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or past simple to make the order of events clear. The first one is done for you. a When he (make) his decisioii-he (go) to talk to dT (not eat) since the mon 13 80 1 (be) really the manager. hungry by eight o'clock. When he had made, his decision he. went to. tal. to. the. manager. ¢ When she (wash and change) she (call) a taxi. b He (work) at the company for ten years when _— 7 he (retire). £ She (want) to visit Rome because she (read) a lot about it. €¢ He (can not) get into his flat be: his keys jase he (forget) & They (arrive) late because they (miss) the bus.2 Make questions using the prompts in brackets and the question word in blue. The first one is done for you. (Tim asked you something then) what What dick Tinn_aste you..then?.. b (he had come over to speak to you) why — ——= € (he was talking about something) what d (Diana gor there) when _ ~ © (you first saw when £ (you said something) why h (you thought something about that) what _ i (you were waiting for someone) who