Pre-Intermediate Student’s Book

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THIS UNIT INCLUDES

All about you Vocabulary ■ personality adjectives ■ negative prefixes: un-, in-, im-, ir- and dis-
Grammar ■ present simple and continuous ■ verbs not used in continuous tenses
■ verb + infinitive or -ing form
Speaking ■ talking about personality ■ expressing likes and dislikes
W riting ■ a personal profile

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING P e T S O n a lity

I can describe som eone’s personality.

1 Do you know the film and TV characters in the 3 Choose two film or TV characters that you know. What
photos? Match four of them with descriptions a-d. adjectives can you use to describe them?
a She’s generous and kind. Her husband is quite lazy and ES> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l) : PAGE 124 <31
rude, so she has to be patient,
b He’s nasty and dishonest. He’s also very clever - but not 4 $ 1.03 Listen to the dialogues. Match each person with an
in a good way. adjective. There are two adjectives that you do not need.
c She’s shy and quiet. But she’s also very strong and
determined. arrogant funny generous impatient lazy shy
d He’s strong and confident - almost arrogant. He’s 1 M artha_______ 3 Sam _______
usually serious, but he can be funny. 2 Ryan______ 4 Julie_______

2 $ 1 . 0 2 ESH UD EEJ Complete the pairs of opposites with 5 Choose three adjectives to describe someone you like or do
the blue adjectives from the descriptions in exercise 1. Then not like and three adjectives to describe you. Can you give
listen, repeat and check. reasons for your choices?

Personality adjectives 6 H jftd lH n Work in pairs. Describe yourself or a person you

1 mean generous 7 stupid like to your partner.
2 honest 8 shy
3 hard-working ______ 9 funny
4 weak ______ 10 polite
5 talkative ______ 11 impatient
6 modest 12 nice
E2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 124 O

Unit 1 All about you

Present simple and continuous
IB grammar

I can ta lk a bout w hat I usually do and w hat I ’m doing now.

1 Describe the scene in the picture. What are the 4 Complete rules 1 -4 in the Learn this! box with the
people doing? Use the verbs below. correct tenses.

chat dance drink eat hold laugh listen look at

sit smile stand wear 1 We use the_ for something that always,
regularly or never happens.
2 We use th e _______ for something that is happening
A boy is drinking orange juice.
now.
3 We use th e ........ ... _ for a fact that is always true.
4 We don’t normally use the _ _____ with certain verbs,
e.g. believe, hate, like, love, need, know, prefer, want.
5 We also use the present continuous for arrangements
in the future, e.g. I’m meeting John at 10 a.m.

E2> GRAMMAR BUILDER IB : PAGE 104 <33

5 Complete the dialogue. Use the present simple or present

continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
M att So, 1____________(you / enjoy) the party?
Sam Yes, it’s really good.
Matt Hey, 12________ (like) your shoes, Sam. They’re
cool.
Sam Thanks. They hurt my feet, though. That’s why
13____________(not dance). You 4___________
(wear) trainers. They’ re much better for dancing.
Alice Hey, you tw o . 5____________(you / want) to dance?
Sam No, thanks, Alice. Matt, you go ahead and dance.
M att Uh, no thanks.
Alice But you 6____________(love) dancing, Matt.
M att Er, yes, but 17____________(not like) this band.
Sam Really? 18____________(love) them. Actually,
$ 1.04 Read and listen to the dialogue. Underline
19____________(go) to see them next month and
examples of the present simple and present continuous.
I’ve got a spare ticket. Do you want to come, Alice?
Alice Hi, Matt. Are you having a good time? Alice Yes, please!
Matt Not really. I don’t know anyone here.
Alice Do you know Sam? 6 $ 1 .0 5 Listen and check.
Matt No. Who’s he?
Alice She. She lives next door to me. She’s over there. 7 laaaMHHM Work in pairs. Look at the table. Ask and answer
She’s wearing a yellow top. a question for each verb. Use the present simple or present
Matt Is she dancing? continuous, a noun and a time phrase.
Alice No, that’s Zoe. Sam’s standing by the door. She isn’t
talking to anyone. Do you want me to introduce you? Verbs Nouns Time phrases
Matt OK. go the housework after school
speak a dress every day
3 Complete the table with the correct form of the verb wear.
wear English at the moment
Present simple
do a computer today
affirmative She alw ays 1 dresses.
use to the cinema next month
negative He 2_______ trainers to school.
on holiday at weekends
interrogative 3 you a tie to school?
this book this weekend
Present continuous
affirmative She 4 a blue rap.
negative He 5 a jacket. Are you going on No, I’m not. Do you speak
holiday next month? English every day?
interrogative 6 you a vest?

Unit 1 ■ All about you 5

cu lture Teenage challenges
I can talk about hobbies and interests.

1 Look at the photos. What can you see? What are 2 $ 1 . 0 6 Read the text quickly. What is the Duke of
the people doing? Edinburgh Award? Choose the correct answer.
a an award for the most active young person in the UK
b a programme of challenging activities for young people
c an opportunity for young people to learn new skills and
make some money

3 Read the text again. Answer the questions.

1 Who started the award?
2 Why did he start the award?
3 How many levels of award are there?
4 How old do you have to be to get a Gold award?
5 How many activities do participants have to complete?
6 Who plans which activities the participants do?

VOCABULARY Complete the phrases from the text with the

verbs below.

do do learn go on spend write

1 _voluntary work 4 __ __ time
2 _ an expedition 5 __ __ an activity
3 . _ a plan 6 __ __ a new skill
Would you like to learn to rock climb? Or spend time
1.07 Listen to four people who are taking part in the
w orking at an animal sanctuary? That’s what Andrea
Duke of Edinburgh Award. Match the speakers with the four
Black and Jenny Smith are doing as part of their Duke of
parts of the programme.
Edinburgh Award programme.
1 Jasmine a physical challenge
The award encourages young people to do exciting
2 Nathan b new skill
cultural, social and adventure activities in their free time.
3 Caitlin c expedition
The Queen's husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, started the
4 Dominic d voluntary work
award in 1956. He started it because he wanted young
people to learn to help themselves and other people. $ 1.07 Listen again and write J, N, Cor D. Who:
The award is for people aged 14-25, and there are 1 is learning to make something?______
three levels: Bronze, for those aged 14 or over, Silver 2 is learning what life is like for people in other
for over 15s, and Gold for over 16s. You have to countries?______
complete four activities to achieve the award: 3 might continue with the activity later in life?______
• go on an expedition (e.g. hiking, kayaking or 4 is spending most of the time outdoors?______
climbing) 5 is learning to work in a team?______and ____
• learn a new practical or social skill (anything from 6 feels stronger? _____ a n d ______
painting to podcasting!)
Imagine you are going to do the Duke of Edinburgh Award.
• take on a physical challenge (e.g. learn or improve
What would you do for your four activities: Expedition, Skill,
at a sport)
Physical and Volunteering? Give reasons.
• do voluntary work, helping people or the
environment (e.g. w ork w ith disabled or elderly 8 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your plans
people, or raise money for a charity) and reasons.

Young people usually do the award at a Duke of

Edinburgh club at their school or at a local youth group.
They decide what they are going to do, and w rite a plan.
It usually takes between one and three years to finish an
award.

6 Unit 1 s All about you

grammar Verb + infinitive or -ing form
I can id e n tify and use diffe re n t verb patterns.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. Make a note of your answers.

Arc you fearful of fooflossP

1 You are reading in bed, and you hear a strange noise
outside the window. Do you
a carry on reading?
b hide under the bed covers and try to ignore it?

2 A friend suggests going on a really tall and fast

rollercoaster. Do you
a agree to go?
b refuse to go, because it's too scary?

3 You have to read a text out to your class. How do you feel?
a Fine. I don’t mind reading to my class,
b Terrible. I can’t help feeling really nervous.

4 Somebody offers to take you exploring in an underground

cave. Do you
a decide to go?
b say no, because you can’t stand being in small spaces?

5 You get an invitation to a party from someone you don’t

know very well. Do you 6 Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or -ing form of the
a accept the invitation and look forward to meeting some new verbs below.
people?
b pretend to be busy? talk be buy make lend pass send watch
1 He prom ised______me a text message as soon as his
plane arrived.
Look at your answers and count the a’s and b’s. Are you 2 If you suffer from claustrophobia, you can’t sta n d ______
fearless (mostly a’s) or fearful (mostly b’s)? in smalt spaces.
3 Sam is very talkative. She carries on ______ even when
Read the Learn this! box. Underline all the verbs in the no one is listening to her!
questionnaire that are followed by the infinitive or -ing form 4 Harry is very funny. He can’t h e lp ______jokes all the
of another verb. time!
5 Liam is working hard. He expects______all his exams in
4 Complete the table with the verbs that you underlined in the the summer.
questionnaire. 6 1don’t really fancy______TV this evening.
7 John is so mean! He refused______me £1 for a coffee!
5 Add these verbs to the correct group in the Learn this! box. 8 My grandparents offered______me a computer, which
Check in a dictionary if necessary. was very generous of them.
avoid expect fancy hope promise spend time IE> GRAMMAR BUILDER ID : PAGE 104 <53
LEARN THIS

1 Some verbs are followed by the infinitive of another 7 Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or -ing form and
verb. true information about yourself.
She’s pretending to be asleep. 1 1 usually avoid ... 6 1 sometimes pretend ...
2 Some verbs are followed by the -ing form of another 2 1 really can’t stand ... 7 1 never look forward to
verb. 3 1 don’t mind ... 8 1 can’t help ...
Danny suggested going out tonight. 4 1 spend a lot of time ... 9 1 often decide ...
5 1 really w a n t... 10 1 never agree ...
Verb + infinitive Verb + -ing form
pretend suggest 8 Work in pairs. Read your sentences to your
partner. Does he/she have any similar sentences?

Unit 1 * All about you 7

r e a d in g Music and personality
I can understand an article about music and personality.

1 $ 1.08 E S H in iE B J Listen and match the music extracts

with six of the musical styles below.

blues classical country and western

heavy metal indie jazz pop R&B rap
reggae ro ck’ n’ roll soul

2 Look at the photos. What kind of music do you

think these people listen to? What type of personality do
EH We often have stereotypical images of rockers as
you think they have? Use the adjectives below to help you. rebellious, classical music fans as quiet and modest, and lovers of
arrogant confident friendly funny generous rap as talkative and outgoing. But is it really true that our musical
hard-working impatient lazy modest polite tastes show our personality? According to recent research from a
quiet rude serious shy talkative unfriendly university in Edinburgh, it is.

EH Professor North, who did the research, says that people

r JI think
W -------------------I often express their identity through the kind of music they listen
the person in------------------------
photo 1 listens |
to, the kind of clothes they wear and their hobbies and interests.
to ... I think he’s probably ...
So it isn't surprising that people's taste in music says something
about their personality.
3 $ 1 . 0 9 Read the article. Compare the results of the
research with your ideas from exercise 2. ^ EH The researchers interviewed more than 36,000 people
from around the world, asked them about their musical tastes
and gave them personality tests. But did the research show that
our stereotypical images are right? Here are some of the results:

• Lovers of indie music aren't very confident, gentle or hard­

working, but they are very creative.
• Country and western fans are hard-working and not shy.
• Rap fans are outgoing and confident.
• Fans of pop songs aren't creative, but are hard-working, gentle
and outgoing.
•The best fan to be is a soul fan, because they are creative,
confident, outgoing and gentle!
EH Perhaps the most surprising result was that classical musii
fans and heavy metal fans have very similar personalities. People
think of heavy metal fans as being very sad and unhappy. But like
classical fans, they are in fact easy-going and creative, and not
very outgoing.

£ Q Professor North says that the results explain why so many

people are good friends with people who like the same music.
Heavy metal fans in Sweden have more in common with heavy
metal fans in Brazil than with, say, Swedish fans of pop.

f EH The results also

explain why some of us are
so passionate about what
we listen to, since music is
likely to be closely linked to
our personality. However,
the research doesn't say
what people who listen to
lots of different types of
music are like. Perhaps they
are perfectly balanced! So,
what does your music say
about you?

Unit 1
4 Match paragraphs A-F in the article with sentences 1-7. 7 $ 1.10 Listen again and complete the song with the words
There is one sentence that you do not need. below.
1 The research described the personalities of groups of
despair dreams explosion (x2) eyes love robot
music fans.
romance shoulders (x2) tunes
2 One result from the research was very unexpected.
3 Are our traditional images of music fans true?
SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
4 We like to make friends with people who enjoy the same
music as us. 1 What kind of music do you like, and do you think it shows
5 Music can change your personality in many ways. your personality?
6 There are lots of different things that show our 2 Do you have lots of friends with the same musical tastes
personality. as you?
7 We have very strong feelings about the kind of music we 3 In which of these ways do you show your personality? Can
like and don’t like. you give examples?
clothes music language hobbies and interests
5 Match the highlighted adjectives in the text places you go in your free time
with the definitions below.
1 has a good imagination and can make new things
2 very friendly and interested in other people
3 calm and relaxed; not easily worried
4 not doing what your parents, teachers, etc. want you
to do
5 having very strong feelings
6 kind and calm

6 Q 1.10 Listen to the song. What is the musical style?

Stop m aking the 1 at me, I’ll stop m aking I wish yo u ’d stop ignoring m e because y o u ’re sending
the eyes at you. m e to 6_________ .
W hat it is that surprises me is that I d o n’t really want W ithout a sound, yeah, y o u ’re calling me and I d on’t
you to. th in k it’s very fair
And y o u r 2_________ are frozen (as cold as the night). That y o u r 7_________ are frozen (as cold as the night).
Oh, but y o u ’re an 3_________ . (You’re dynam ite!) Oh, but yo u ’re an 8_________ . (You’re dynam ite!)
Your nam e isn’t Rio, but 1 don’t care for sand Your nam e isn’t Rio, but I d on’t care for sand
A nd lighting the fuse m ig h t result in a bang, with A nd lighting the fuse m ig h t result in a bang, w ith
a bang-go. a bang-go.

CHORUSV CHORUS ^
Well, I bet that you loo k good on the dance floor.
Oh, there ain’t no 9_________ , no M ontagues or
I d on’t know if y o u ’re looking for 4_________ or ...
Capulets.
I d on’t know w hat y o u ’re looking for.
T h e y’re just banging 10_________ and D J sets and ...
I said, I bet that you look good on the dance floor,
D irty dance floors, and 11_________ of tenderness!
Dancing to electro-pop like a 5_________ from 1984,
From 1984! CHORUS V

Unit 1 * All about you

everyday En g l is h Exchanging
KJ KJ
opinions
r
I can exchange inform ation about hobbies.

1 $ 1.11 Read and listen to the dialogue. Are Beth and 1.13 Complete the sentences with the words below.
Jamie good friends? How do you know? Listen again and check.

absolutely a bit big fan fond into much

1 I’ m not really a ______
2 I _____ prefer war films.
3 I’ m a ____ fan of YouTube.
4 I ______love blogs.
5 I think the lives of celebrities a re . __ boring.
6 I’ m ______of reading.
7 I’ m really___ . sci-fi books.

Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

Then ask and answer in pairs.
1 into / what / you / are / ?
2 like / do / at / doing / weekends / what / you / ?
3 you / do / what / doing / like / else / ?
4 Take That / do / you / of / what / think / ?
5 you / into / are / films / of / kind / what / ?

8 $ 1.14 p r o n u n c ia t io n Read the speaking strategy.

Then listen to eight dialogues and repeat the replies.
Try to copy the intonation.
Jamie?
Jamie I love playing sport. How about you?
Beth Oh, I can’t stand playing sport. I prefer
SPEAKING STRATEGY
watching TV. In a conversation, react to what the other person says
Jamie Really? I’ m not that keen on watching TV. using phrases such as:
I’d rather chat to my friends online. What else That’s interesting! Really? Cool! No way! Me too!
do you like doing? Me neither. Do you? Wow! Are you? Can you?
Beth I quite like drawing. And I enjoy going to
the cinema. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to say and react to
Jamie Me too! Do you fancy going to the cinema the sentences.
this evening?
1 I’ m not really into heavy metal.
Beth Yeah - sounds good!
2 I often go windsurfing at weekends.
3 I can’t stand chocolate.
4 I prefer chatting on the phone to chatting online.
2 Underline phrases in the dialogue that mean:
5 I quite like gymnastics.
1 I really like ... 4 Would you like to ... ?
2 I hate ... 5 I don’t like ... very much
Read the exam strategy. Work in pairs and prepare a dialogue
3 I prefer...
following the instructions below.
3 Work in pairs. Look at the list of hobbies and interests. How You have met for the first time in a new class at school.
many more can you add in two minutes? • Ask and answer questions about your hobbies.
• Give your opinion on your partner’s hobbies.
dancing eating out listening to music playing chess
• Agree on a hobby that you both like doing.
playing computer games shopping surfing the Net
• Suggest meeting this weekend to do the hobby together.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue, EXAM STRATEGY

changing the words in blue. Use words from exercise 3.
Remember!
1 When you talk about what you like and dislike, use
5 $ 1 .1 2 Listen to four dialogues. Answer the questions.
different phrases.
1 What hobby does each pair discuss? 2 Demonstrate an interest in what the other person says.
2 Which pairs of speakers make a social arrangement?

11 E3ZS JUS Act out your dialogue to the class.

10 U n itl ■ All about you
w r it in g a personal profile
I can w rite a s h o rt text a b out myself.

Read the profiles. Which information do both of the profiles Complete the phrases for talking about hobbies and
contain? Tick the boxes. interests. Use the words below.
1 their home town □ do enjoy hobbies interested
2 their personality □ 1 I’m in ...
3 the type of people they like □ 2 1
4 the type of people they don’t like □ 3 I’m about ...
5 their hobbies □ 4 1 a bit of / a lot of ...
6 their ambitions □ 5 My are ...

Find a phrase in each profile that means 7 like to be with’.

Ross 6 Read the Learn this! box. Circle all the modifying adverbs
in the profiles. Translate them.
My name is Ross. I’m 17
years old and I live in Boston
in the USA. I’m quite a friendly M odifying adverbs
person and rather sensitive. We use modifying adverbs to make the meaning of
At least I think so! My friends adjectives stronger or weaker.
say I’m sometimes slightly
very slightly a b it (informal) quite pretty rather
impatient and I can be a bit
lazy about schoolwork! I like It can sound too negative in English to use ‘not’ with an
being around really confident adjective, so we often use ‘not very’ instead - but the
people and also people who share the same meaning is the same as ‘ not’ .
interests as me. I enjoy outdoor activities. I do a He’s not very friendly. (= He’s not friendly.)
lot of surfing and swimming, and a bit of rock-
climbing too.
Look at the m odifying adverbs in the profiles in exercise 1.
Choose the correct words in the rules.
1 Modifying adverbs usually go before / after the adjective.
2 The modifying adverb quite / very goes before a/an
Abigail when there is a noun.
3 a b it and slightly are used with adjectives with a
Hil I’m Abigail. I'm 16 years old positive / negative meaning.
and my home is in San Diego,
California. I’m pretty hard- ___ 8 Add the m odifying adverbs in brackets to the sentences.
working and very loyal. I get on ■■
1 I’ m creative. I’ m ambitious, (pretty / not very)
well with funny people. I’m quite
an ambitious person: I want to 2 My best friend is confident but impatient, (rather / a bit)
study medicine at university. 3 My brother is serious and shy. (pretty / slightly)
I’m not very tolerant of lazy 4 He’s a friendly person, but he’s arrogant, (very / a bit)
people. I’m interested in books 5 She’s an honest person. She’s sensitive, (quite / not very)
and I spend a lot of time reading. My hobbies are
chess and computer games, and I’m crazy about rock 9 Write a personal profile about yourself. Include:
music.
• basic information about yourself (name, age, etc.).
• some information about your personality.
• what type of people you like and/or don’t like.
2 « a « » !« « Work in pairs. What do you have in common with • information about your hobbies and interests.
Ross and/or Abigail? Tell your partner.
CHECK YOUR WORK
I’ m the same age as Ross.
Have you:
— ^ - ------------------- included the information in the task in exercise 9?
I’m hardworking, like Abigail. used some modifying adverbs?
checked your spelling and grammar?

rflW JHiiW igl Underline the personality adjectives in the

profiles. Are they positive or negative?

Unit 1 * All about you 11

— . ...... - - — — ■ ■ •.........~

Get Ready for your Exam

Speaking 3 Do the exam task.

Match 1 -5 with A-E to make true SPEAKING exam task
sentences about the photo.
Describe the photo in exercise 1 and answer the
1 The girl on the left
questions.
2 The girl on the right
3 The group of people in the foreground 1 How do you think the people in the picture are
4 The girls in the middle feeling? What makes you think this?
5 The boy in the background 2 What other sorts of activities do young people do with
their friends to relax?
A is wearing a red top. 3 Tell us about the last time you were out with your
B are smiling. friends.
C is wearing a pink top.
D is wearing a green and white striped T-shirt.
E are sitting on a sofa.
Listening
4 $ 1 .1 6 Do the exam task.

LISTENING exam task

Listen to six people introducing themselves. Complete
the table.

Age Country Hobbies

Laura

Martin

Em re

Lottie
2 $ 1 . 1 5 Listen to Maria describing the photo. Complete
the sentences with the words below.
Greg
guess look perhaps shows sure think view
1 I _____ they are in a café or maybe a hotel.
Brigitta
2 I ______that they are about seventeen or eighteen
years old.
3 The p h o to _____ them chatting and smiling.
4 In m y _____ they are friends because th e y ______ Use of English
very relaxed and they are laughing. 5 Do the exam task.
5 I’m n o t______why they are so happy.
6 they are celebrating a special occasion, USE OF ENGLISH exam task
like a birthday. Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.
My name’s Harriet. I’ m seventeen years 1______
I spend a lo t 2______time reading magazines, and I’m
very interested 3______photography. My best friend is
Zoe. She’s 4______the same class as me at school.
We always s i t 5______to each other. She’s very friendly
and she always helps me 6______my homework. There
7______four people in my family: my mum, my dad, my
brother 8______me. My brother’s name 9______ George.
10______main hobby is listen ing 11______ music, and
he’s also a 12______fan of computer games.

Get Ready for your Exam 1

Reading
Work in pairs. Ask and answer the D
questions. 1 Conradin’s health was very poor.
1 Do you like being on your own? Why?/Why not? 2 The boy had a good relationship with his
2 Do you think animals make good friends? Why?/Why not? aunt.

7 Check the meaning of the adjectives. Then find six pairs 3 The boy was not allowed to play in the
with opposite meanings. garden.
afraid alive brave bright dark dead exciting 4 A lot of animals lived in the shed.
friendly terrible uninteresting unkind wonderful
5 The ferret was a gift from Conradin’s
8 Do the exam task. friend.

READING exam task 6 The text is about a boy who uses his
imagination to escape from the real
Read the text. Decide if the sentences (1-6) are true (T)
world.
or false (F). Put X in the appropriate space in the table.
Conradin was ten years old and was often ill.
‘The boy is not strong,’ said the doctor. ‘ He will not live Speaking
much longer.’ But the doctor did not know about Conradin’s Work in pairs. Ask and answer
imagination. In Conradin’s lonely, loveless world, his the questions.
imagination was the only thing that kept him alive.
1 What do you tike doing in your free time?
Conradin’s parents were dead and he lived with his aunt. 2 What places do you like going to with your friends?
The aunt did not like Conradin and was often unkind to him.
Conradin hated her with all his heart, but he obeyed her 10 Read the speaking exam task in exercise 12.
quietly and took his medicine w ithout arguing. Mostly he
kept out of her way. She had no place in his world. His real, 11 f l l .17 Listen to a student doing the exam task.
everyday life in his aunt’s colourless, comfortless house Complete the sentences with the words below.
was narrow and uninteresting. But inside his small, dark don’t fancy let’s prefer really shall sounds want
head exciting and violent thoughts ran wild. In the bright
l Do you doing something on Saturday?
world of his imagination Conradin was strong and brave.
2 Why we go out?
It was a wonderful world, and the aunt was locked out of it.
3 I’ m not into heavy metal.
The garden was no fun. There was nothing interesting 4 OK, then. go and see his band.
to do. He was forbidden to pick the flowers. He was 5 we invite Jack and Martha?
forbidden to eat the fruit. He was forbidden to play on 6 I’d to go with just you, really.
the grass. But behind some trees, in a forgotten corner 7 And what do you to do after the concert?
of the garden, there was an old shed. 8 OK, then. good.
Nobody used the shed, and Conradin took it for his own.
12 Now do the exam task.
To him it became something between a playroom and
a church. He filled it with ghosts and animals from his SPEAKING exam task
imagination. But there were also two living things in the
You and your friend are going to a concert next Saturday.
shed. In one corner lived an old, untidy-looking chicken.
Discuss the details of the trip. Include information about
Conradin had no people to love, and this chicken was
the following points:
the boy’s dearest friend. And in a dark, secret place at
the b acko fth e shed was a large wooden box with bars • Your preferences about kinds of music
across the front. This was the home of a very large ferret • The cost of the tickets
with long, dangerous teeth and claws. Conradin had • The possibility of bringing other friends with you
bought the ferret and its box from the friendly boy who • Plans after the concert
lived in the village.
It cost him all his money but Conradin did not mind.
He was most terribly afraid of the ferret, but he loved
it with all his heart. Sredni Vashtar bySaki

Get Ready for your Exam 1 13

THIS UNIT INCLUDES

Winning and Vocabulary ■ sports ■ playlgo/do + sport ■ collocations: sports and games
■ free-time activities ■ sports equipment
Grammar ■ past simple ■ contrast: past simple and past continuous

losing Speaking ■ talking about favourite sports ■ talking about the past ■ narrating a story
Writing ■ an informal thank-you letter

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING A question Of SpOrt

I can talk about sports I like.

1 Look at the photos. Can you name these sportspeople and their sports?

4 In pairs, add more sports to the groups in exercise 3. Then

2 $ 1 . 1 8 Match the icons (1-18 ) with the words below.
compare answers with the class. Who has added the most?
Then listen, repeat and check.

Sports archery athletics badminton baseball 5 Read the Learn this! box. Then match the sports from
basketball boxing cricket fencing ice hockey exercise 2 with the correct verb {play , go or do).
karate netball rowing ski jum ping snowboarding
surfing volleyball wrestling w eightlifting
E2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l): PAGE 125 <23
We normally use:
play with team sports and ball sports.
play badminton
go with sports ending in -ing.
go cycling
do with individual sports not ending in -ing.
do gymnastics
Note: We use do with combat sports even if they end
in -ing.
do karate, do boxing

6 $ 1 . 1 9 Listen to eight commentaries and identify the

sports. Choose from the sports in exercise 2.

7 naw :<m d Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

1 Which sports do you enjoy watching? Who are your
favourite players and teams?
2 Which sports do you enjoy doing? When do you do them?
3 Work in pairs. Put the sports from exercise 2 into these
3 Which sports do you find boring? Can you explain why?
groups. Some sports can go in more than one group.
A winter sports D indoor sports !E > VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 125 O
B combat sports E outdoor sports
C team sports

14 Unit 2 ■ Winning and losing

Past simple
2B GRAMMAR
I can describe past events.

Read the text and choose the correct answers. 5 $ 1.21 Complete the text. Use the past simple form of
1 Aldermaston FC won / lost every match between May the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check.
2009 and March 2010.
2 Aldermaston won / lost / drew the match against
Warminster.

Som e people call AFC Alderm aston the w orst

football team in Britain. Between May 2009 and
March 2010 they d id n ’t win a single m atch. In fact,
they lost 40 m atches in a row. Then, on 12th April
2010, they played W arm inster Town. They were
desperate to win - and they scored in the first half!
The fans w ent wild! Did they win the m atch? No,
they d id n ’t. Unfortunately, W arminster equalised in
the second half, and it was a 1-1 draw. But at least
In 2001, 22-year-old Trevor Misipeka arrived (arrive) at
Alderm aston d id n ’t lose again! Edmonton in Canada to compete in the World Athletics
Championship. H e 1______(want) to take part in the shot put,
Underline the following past simple forms in the text. but a new rule 2______(make) this impossible. Two days before
the competition, he 3______(have) to find a new event!
1 three affirmative regular verbs
2 two forms of be (one singular and one plural) He 4______(decide) on the 100 metres, because the new rule
3 two affirmative irregular verbs 5______(not apply) to running.
4 two negative forms and an interrogative form
At 135 kilos, he 6______(not have) the body of a sprinter, but
3 Complete the table with the correct past simple form of he 7______(try) his best. So how 8______ he______ (do)?
play, go or do. Well, unfortunately, Trevor didn’t win. In fact, he 9______(come)
last. The newspapers10______(give) him a nickname: Trevor the
Past simple
Tortoise. But h e 11______(not be) sad about his time of 14.28
affirmative
seconds. That's my personal best,’ he 12...... .... (say).
11_________volleyball in the park last Sunday.
We 2_________swimming yesterday.
negative 6 Complete the questions about the story.

My b rother 3_________karate at school last year. 1 Where ..... take place in 2 0 0 1 ?

In Edmonton, Canada.
interrogative
2 Which event to do?
4_________th e y 5_________ skiing in the mountains?
The shot put.
3 Why to find a new event?
LOOK OUT! Because of a new rule.
We don’t use did or d id n ’t with the past simple negative 4 Which evpnt to do?
and interrogative form of be. The 100 metres.
Fred wasn’t at the match. Were you? 5 the rare?
No, he didn’t.
E2> GRAMMAR BUILDER 2B: PAGE 106 <33
6 about his time of 14:28?
$ 1 .20 PRONUNCIATION Listen and repeat the past simple No, he wasn’t.
forms. How is the -ed ending pronounced? Write the correct
Write two true sentences and one false sentence about
sound next to each verb: Id/, It/ or /id/.
what you did last weekend.
1 played /<V 5 scored______ I placed basketball in the- park with sister.
2 expected___________ 6 v o te d ______
3 fin ish e d ____________ 7 faced______ 8 Tell the class your sentences. The class votes on
4 stopped____________ 8 w atched____ which sentence they th ink is false.

Unit 2 ■ Winning and losing

CULTURE Village sports
I can understand information about a sporting event.

1 Look at the photo. How would you describe 3 Match the highlighted words in the text with
this sport? the definitions below.
a messy b cold c slow d tiring 1 to take part (in a competition)
2 a sports competition
2 $ 1 . 2 2 Read the text. Is bog snorkelling only popular 3 the winner of a competition or event
with British people? 4 the best time (distance, score, etc.) ever
5 the route of a race
6 people who take part in an event

HARK, C O W k Read the text again. Answer the questions.

1 Where does the competition take place?
2 How far do the competitors have to swim?
3 How many competitors enter each year?
4 What is the fastest ever time?
5 Who started the competition?
6 Why is it frightening, according to Sheelagh Tompkins?

5 $ 1.23 Listen to the radio programme. Do you believe

that this event can be exciting? Why?/Why not?

6 $ 1 .2 3 Listen again and choose the correct answers.

1 People in Congham are excited because the World Snail
Racing Championship
a is starting soon.
b is taking place there for the first time,
c includes competitors from different countries.

2 Which is the correct track: a, b or c?

The British seem to enjoy unusual sports more than most 3 What is the name of the fastest snail ever?
other nationalities. But the Bog Snorkelling Championship a Flash b Archie c Speedy
is one of the strangest. It takes place every year in Wales.
4 How has Jack tried to prepare his snail for the race?
The competitors have to swim 110 metres through cold, a by giving the snail a good name
dark, muddy water - without using their arms! And they b by spending a lot of time with his snail
have to keep their faces in the water at all times, breathing c by trying to keep his snail happy
through a snorkel.
5 How does Flash do in the race?
Who would want to compete in a horrible event like that? a He wins. b He nearly wins. c He comes last.
Well, in fact more than 100 people enter it each year, many
7 Work in pairs. Cover the text and describe the
of them from other countries. Dan Morgan from Wales is
photo in exercise 1.
the current champion. He finished the course in 1 minute
30 seconds - a world record. 8 Work in groups. Find information about an
Is bog snorkelling really so nasty? Sheelagh Tompkins, the unusual sporting event in your own country or abroad.
woman who started the tournament, says yes. ‘It’s dark and Make notes about:
you can’t see, and that’s scary.’ So why do the British enjoy • where the event takes place and when/how often.
such unusual sports? Perhaps it’s because we have a chance • what the name of event is and what happens at the event.
• whether you would like to take part in the event and
of winning!
why/why not.

9 Present the information you found to the class.

16 Unit 2 ■ Winning and losing

grammar Past simple and continuous
I can te ll a s h o rt s to ry using p a st tenses.

1 Read the text. What is unusual about this team photo? 4 ^ 1 . 2 4 Complete the text. Use the past simple or past
continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and
check.

In 1904, in the middle o f a

summer afternoon, Fred Lorz
jvd£jW7№№?_(run) the Olympic
marathon. The s u n 1-
(shine) and i t was very hot. Nine
miles into the race, Fred
2 ______ (feel) tired, so he 3
. (decide) to stop,
In 2001, Manchester United were preparing for a (sit) next to the road, his manager
While he
Champions League football match. The sun was shining (stop) his car, and
/c; past, --- --------
(drive)
and the crowd were cheering. While a photographer L o rz 7 (get) in. But eleven miles later, the car
was taking a photo of the team, a strange thing happened. 8 (break) down, so Lorz —------------- (start)
A man walked onto the pitch and joined them. The players m nnm gagain. H e 10---------------(come) firs t in the race,
weren't looking and didn't say anything. He was wearing the b u t while h e 11---------------(get) his gold medal, a sPe^ta^or
Manchester United kit, but he wasn't a player. Who was he? _________(complain). Lorz (give) back the
Why was he standing with the team? Eventually, the truth (be) just a joke!’
medal immediately, and said It
came out: the man was a practical joker called Karl Power.

5 Look at the cartoon story and answer the questions. Use the
Look at the past continuous forms in the text. Then words in brackets to help you.
complete the table with the correct form of the verb be.

Past continuous
affirmative
I _ reading. We • listening.
negative
It snowing. They ' playing.
interrogative
. you sleeping? What ' he doing?

Read the Learn this! box. Find one example of the uses
1 -3 in the text in exercise 1.
LEARN TH IS!

We use the past continuous to describe a scene in 1 What was the weather like? (the sun / shine, hot) What
the past. was the cyclist doing? (compete / in a race, lose)
It was raining. The wind was blowing. 2 Where did the cyclist go? (a bus stop) What did the bus
We use the past simple for a sequence of actions or do? (stop) What did the cyclist do? (get on)
events that happened one after the other. 3 What was the cyclist doing? (get off the bus) What did he
I sat down, opened my book and started to read. drop? (ticket) Who saw him? (a girl)
We use the past continuous and the past simple 4 Who finished the course first? (the cheat) What were the
together to describe a sudden event that interrupted crowd doing? (cheer)
a longer one. 5 What was the man getting? (a medal) What did the girl
While I was having lunch, my cousin phoned. give him? (a bus ticket)
T T
longer action interruption 6 Work in pairs. Look at the cartoon story again
We use the past continuous to describe an event that for one more minute. Close your books and tell the story to
was in progress at a specific moment in the past. your partner. Use the past simple and past continuous.
At 7.30 this morning, I was waiting for the bus.
The sun was shining. It was a hot day. A cyclist was ...
E > GRAMMAR BUILDER 2D: PAGE 106 <S3
Unit 2 ■ Winning and losing 17
READING S u r f ’S UP
I can understand a magazine article.

1 Read the exam strategy. Look at the photos and the title of Read the text. Put the events in the correct order.
the text. What do you think happened to Bethany Hamilton?
a | | The shark swam away.
b Q Ten weeks later she took part in a surfing competition,
EXAM STRATEGY
c EH She started to swim back to the beach,
In order to get an idea of what the text is about, read the
d EH Bethany decided to go surfing with some friends,
title and the first few lines of text.
e EH Her fie n d s saw the blood and came to help her.
f EH While she was waiting for a wave, a shark attacked her.
2 $ 1 . 2 5 Read the first three paragraphs and check
your ideas.

Surfing superstar!
On the morning o f 31 October 2003, Bethany Hamilton Bethany’s parents are both keen surfers. As a baby,
and some friends decided to go surfing. The sky Bethany liked to splash in the shallow water. She
was clear, the sun was shining and it was a perfect started surfing a t the age o f five. By th irte e n , she was
day fo r enjoying the big waves near the island of 30 one o f the best teenage surfers in the w orld, and was
5 Kauai, Hawaii. planning to become a professional surfer. Then the
shark attack happened.
The 13-year-old surfing star was lying sideways on her
surfboard about 300 metres from the shore w ith her The really incredible thing about Bethany is that
le ft arm in the clear, blue water. Her friends were only ten weeks la te r she was surfing again in a
floating nearby, looking out to sea. They were all 35 com petition. Less than a year a fte r the accident she
10 w aiting fo r the next big wave. won firs t place in a surfing com petition in Hawaii.
Before the accident, a lo t o f professional surfers
Suddenly a five-m etre tiger shark appeared ju s t below
thought th a t Bethany was going to be the wom en’s
the surface and attacked her. It b it her le ft arm and
world champion one day. A fte r the accident, they
shook her vio len tly backwards and forwards. Bethany
40 haven’ t changed th e ir minds.
saw the w ater around her turn red. She held on to
15 her board and the shark swam away - but it took her
arm w ith it. It also took a piece o f her board. Luckily
fo r Bethany, the shark attacked only once. It all
happened so fast th a t she didn’ t even scream.

In her mind, Bethany repeated: ‘ Get to the beach.

20 Get to the beach.’ She started to paddle towards
it w ith one arm. Her friends d id n ’ t know about the
shark attack - they thought at firs t th a t she was
joking. Then they saw the blood and quickly came
to help. It took fifte e n minutes to reach the shore.
25 They called the emergency services and Bethany
eventually got to hospital.

18 Unit 2 ■ Winning and losing

4 Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences. 7 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words
1 Bethany was standing on her surfboard when the shark in exercise 6 .
attacked her. 1 I hate going swimming with my brothers - they always
2 Her friends were close to her when the shark bit her. me!
3 Bethany lost her surfboard in the attack. 2 The east coast is not good for surfing because the
4 The shark attacked her again a few minutes later. are too small.
5 Immediately after the attack, she wanted to stay in
3 You need to lie on the surfboard a n d __________ with
the water.
your hands.
6 Bethany is not the only person in her family who
4 We stood on th e ____ _____ and watched the boats
likes surfing.
7 Ten weeks later, Bethany won a surfing competition. go past.
8 A lot of professional surfers still think Bethany can be a 5 An empty canoe w as__________ down the river.
champion surfer. 6 She accidentally dropped her phone into the river and
watched it disappear below th e ________ __
5 Find the past simple form of these verbs in the text.
1 bite (line 12) 6 take (line 15)
8 Work in pairs. Prepare an interview with Bethany.
2 shake (line 13) 7 think (line 22) Student A: You are the interviewer. Prepare five questions
3 see (line 14) 8 come (line 23) for Bethany using the prompts below.
4 hold (line 14) 9 win (line 36) Student B: You are Bethany. Prepare your answers to the
5 swim (line 15) questions below using the information in the
text and your own words.
6 iv ii« j:» iW T I Find these words highlighted in the text. Are 1 what / weather / like / 31 October 2003?
they nouns or verbs? Write n or v next to each word. 2 what / you / doing / when / shark / attack?
shore floating wave surface paddle splash 3 what / your friends / do?
4 how important / surfing / in your life / before shark attack?
5 how important / surfing / in your life / now?

9 » - i a [ c i Work in pairs. Act out your interview to the class.

What was the weather like on 31 October 2003?

____________________________________ /

Unit 2 s Winning and losing

everyday En g l is h Talking about the past
I can chat about w hat happened at the weekend.

1 $ 1 . 2 6 Listen and complete the dialogue with the words $ 1 .27 Read the speaking strategy. Then listen again
below. Where were Amy and Finlay on Sunday? and complete the follow-up questions.

go play see what what where Who you play_

Did
. did you
Do you go out fo r.
W hat__ you
Did y o u . . and find it?
d id . . make?
. was it?

LOOK OUT!
When a Wh- question includes a preposition, the
preposition usually goes at the end.
Who did you go with? What did you listen to?
Finlay Hi Amy. How was your weekend?
Amy It was good. I went to the cinema on Saturday.
1__________ did you 2___________?
Read the Look out! box. Which follow-up question in
Finlay
Amy The new Ben Stiller film. exercise 5 ends with a preposition?
Finlay Cool. What did you do on Sunday?
Work in pairs. Choose three different activities each and
Amy Nothing much. I stayed at home and revised.
What about you? What did you get up to at the write a sentence about each one using the past simple.
weekend? I cooted dinner for family last niglnt.
Finlay I went out with some friends on Saturday. Free-time activities cook dinner
Amy 3__________ did you 4__________ ? go away for the weekend go bowling/dancing
Finlay To the skate park. go to a party/them e park have a barbecue
Amy No way! What about on Sunday? play volleyball see a show visit relatives
Finlay I played computer games at home.
Amy 5__________ did you 6__________ ? Look at your partner’s sentences and write one or two
Finlay BioShock. It was great! follow-up questions for each one. Do not show your partner.

2 »aa«!WFn Work in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue, 9 Work in pairs. Take turns to be A and B.
changing the words in blue. Use your own ideas. Student A: Read one of your sentences from exercise 7.
Student B: Ask your follow-up question(s) from exercise 8 .
3 Find two phrases in the dialogue for reacting with interest Student A: Answer your partner’s follow-up question(s).
(see page 1 0 ).
I cooked dinner for my family last night.
4 $ 1 . 2 7 Listen to four teenagers talking about their
weekends and answer the questions. Write Ella, Abi,
Daisy or Chloe.
Really? What did you make?
a Who made s o m e t h in g ? _______
Spaghetti
Spas Bolognese
b Who celebrated something?__________
c Who broke something?__________
d Who lost something?__________
10 Work in pairs. Prepare a dialogue about what you did last
SPEAKING STRATEGY weekend. Use follow-up questions and phrases for reacting
When you ask someone about what they did or what with interest. Include the following information:
happened, ask follow-up questions to find out more • Say what you did on Saturday and Sunday.
information and to keep the conversation going. • Say where you went and who you were with.
A What did you do last night? • Say whether you enjoyed it.
B I phoned a friend.
A Really? Who did you phone? 11 SPEAKING Act out your dialogue to the class.

20 Unit 2 « Winning and losing

w r it in g An informal letter
I can w rite an inform al thank-you letter.

Read the letter. What two birthday presents did Connor Put what Connor says in the correct paragraph in the chart
get? Choose from the items in the photos below. below, and in the correct order.
He says he enjoyed his birthday.
He says what one of his friends gave him.
He thanks his uncle fo rthe present.
He says what he did on his birthday.
He thanks his uncle again fo rthe present.
He gives his opinion of his uncle’s present.
He says when he uses his uncle’s present.

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3

m H WÉÈÊËÊÊ

12 Westfield Drive
tennis racket g-romlef £p.|? i/TF An informal letter
2-lst August 2-012- 1 Begin with Dearthen add the name of the recipient.
Dear Unde Harr'f, 2 Ask how the person you are writing to is or express
I hope fou are well. Thanks so much for the presents your hope that he/she is well e.g. How are you? or
fou sent me for birthday. I love them - thefre I hope you are well.
brilliant! When I was opening them I thought thef were 3 You are allowed to use short forms (e.g. it ’s, you’re,
bowling balls. I m glad that thef weren’t! I use them I’ll) and colloquial expressions.
everf daf before school and I reckon I'm stronger 4 Put one of the following expressions at the end of the
already dad told me that using weights is a good letter: Love, Lots o f love, Best wishes, Bye fo r now.
waf to get fit too. Ma^be fou should buf some for him! Then sign it with your name.
5 If, after having finished the letter, you need to
I realty enjoyed mf birthday. We had a barbecue in add something, do it in post scriptum. Start a new
the garden and loads of friends came round. It was a paragraph with PS.
laugh! best mate gave me a baseball bat. We don't
plaf baseball at school, but there are teams at the
local g^m. Read the w riting strategy. Answer the questions about
Connor’s letter.
See fou soon, I hope. And thanks again for the weights. 1 What phrases does he use to open and close his letter?
2 Which four different contractions does he use?
Lots of love,
3 What information does he add after his name?
Connor
You have just received a birthday present in the post
■PS Mum and Dad send their love too.
from your English friend. Write a letter (120-150 words)
to your friend.
. F nd informal words and phrases in the letter that mean: • Thank your friend fo rthe gift.
1 thank you 4 lots of • Say why you like the gift and how you use it.
2 /erygood 5 fun • Say what happened on your birthday.
3 I think 6 best friend • Tell your friend what other presents you received.

.vrite these sentences in a more informal style. CHECK YOUR WORK

1 think my best friend is fun. Have you:
2 ^ a n k you for the book. It’s very good. included the information in the task in exercise 6 ?
3 1got lots of very good presents for my birthday. used informal expressions and contractions?
♦ think there are lots of very good places to visit written 120-150 words?
le a r here. checked your spelling and grammar?
5 “ -ankyou for inviting me to your party. It was fun!

Unit 2 * Winning and losing 21

Unit 1 Unit 2
1 Complete the reactions w ith the adjectives below. 6 Match 1 -6 with a - f to make sports.

arrogant generous hard-working im patient mean shy 1 basket a lifting

2 ice b boarding
1 ‘I’m paying for your ticket.’ ‘Thanks, that’s ______ ’
3 weight c ball
2 ‘ Hurry up! It’s nearly 7.30!’ ‘ Don’t b e _____ !’
4 ski d ball
3 ‘She looks nice.’ ‘ Don’t b e _____ . Go and talk to her!’ 5 base e hockey
4 ‘Gavin is really ugly.’ ‘No, he isn’t. Don’t b e _____ I’ 6 snow f jumping
5 ‘ I’m more intelligent than you.’ ‘You’ re ve ry______!’
Mark: /6
6 ‘I’m a teacher and I’ve also got a weekend job.’
‘Wow! You’ re ______’
7 Complete the free-time activities with the verbs below.
Mark: /6
cook go have play see visit
2 Solve the anagrams and write the musical styles. 1 to a party 4 ______ a show
2 relatives 5 ______a barbecue
1 RB& _____ 4 ouls ______
3 dinner 6 ______volleyball
2 arp _____ 5 elbus ______
3 roncuty _____ 6 sillacasc _____ Mark: /6

Mark: /6
8 Rewrite the sentences using the affirmative ( / ) or
interrogative (?) form.
3 Complete the email. Use the present simple or continuous
form of the verbs below. 1 She didn’t win the race. ( / )
2 I didn’t get your email. ( / )
cook do hate have shine w rite 3 You weren’t at school yesterday. (?)
Hi Jason! 4 It didn’t snow last winter. ( / )
11_____ this email in the garden. The sun 2______ and it’s 5 The bus didn’t stop in the town centre. (?)
very warm. It’s summer at last! I’ m so happy - 13______ 6 They didn’t come to my party. (?)
winter. What about you? W hat 4______y o u ______ ?
Mark: /6
We 5_____ a barbecue on Saturday. Why don’t you come?
Dad alw ays 6_____ too much food.
9 Complete the text. Use the past simple or continuous form
Mark: /6 of the verbs in brackets.
One afternoon at the races, riders and their horses 1______
4 Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or -ing form of (get) ready for a race. The conditions were terrible - the sun
the verbs in brackets. 2______(not shine) and there was thick fog. A few metres
1 My brother is pretending_____ (be) a footballer. after the start, one of the riders suddenly 3______(ride)
2 I spend a lot of time _____ (play) computer games. across the middle of the track to the finish line. W hy 4______
3 Sarah can’t h e lp _____ (be) impatient. (he/do) this? It wasn’t a mistake: he knew exactly what he
4 We decided_____ (spend) the weekend in London. 5_____ (do)! However, the other riders 6______ (see) him
5 I don’t fa ncy_____ (walk) home. cheating and his prize was a ten-year ban!
6 My dad suggested______(have) dinner in a restaurant. Mark: _ /6
Mark: /6
10 Write the missing words to complete the dialogue.
5 Put the lines of the dialogue in the correct order. Joe Hi! 1_____ was your weekend?
a Q I tike playing chess. How about you? Ann It was fine, thanks. 12_____ shopping on Saturday.
Joe What did y o u 3_____ ?
b Q ] Me too. Do you fancy a game this weekend?
Ann A new top. What a bo ut 4______? What did you get up to?
c Q Let’s meet in the park at midday.
Joe Nothing 5______ I played computer games on Sunday.
d Q ] What do you tike doing in your free time?
Ann 6_____ did you play with?
e Q Yes. That sounds good. What time?
Joe A friend in Hong Kong. We played online.
f Q Really? I don’t really like chess, but I quite like tennis.
Mark: /6
M a rk :__ /6

Total: /30

22 i Language Review 1-2

Skills Round-up

Speaking
at the photo. Would you like to spend a holiday here? 4 Read the job advert. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the
questions below.

ad the text quickly. What kind of text is it?

Goldei) Hills Holiday Carpp!
a a -agazine article c an informal letter
b a publicity leaflet d a newspaper report STAFF WANTED
: ead the text again. Match paragraphs A-E with headings Applicants must be good at dealing w ith the public.
: -6 . There is one heading that you do not need. We are particularly interested in employing people who:
• speak foreign languages
: Great entertainment 4 Comfortable accommodation
2 An ideal location 5 Keeping fit • can play and organise sports
3 Food and drink 6 Our team • have experience of w orking in a bar or café
• have computer skills
For details of how to apply, visit Goldei)-Hills.con).

1 What personal qualities do the staff at a holiday camp

need? Which of these qualities do you have?
2 Do you think working at a holiday camp would be fun?
Why?/Why not?

Listening
5 $ 1 .2 8 Listen to Anna talking to some employees at
Golden Hills Holiday Camp. Tick / the employees (1 -6 ) she
talks to or mentions in the chart.

Golden Hills is a modern, well-equipped holiday camp on Employee Talks to? Mentions?
die edge o f the Yorkshire Dales in the north of England. It’s a
1 Steve, bar manager
rerfect base for exploring the beautiful scenery o f the Dales and
:: r visiting nearby places like Leeds and Harrogate. 2 Maggie, general manager
3 Jack, IT expert
Q H The camp has excellent sports facilities. There is an
-door swimming pool and an outdoor pool (May-September), 4 Sue, cleaner
as well as a gym w ith regular aerobics classes. And for guests 5 Dani, fitness instructor
•■ ho are looking for a physical challenge, we can help organise
6 Tom, security guard
activities like rock-climbing and kayaking.

| We provide high-quality entertainment five nights a week, 6 $ 1 . 2 8 Listen again. Are the sentences true or false?
all year round. Every Friday and Saturday night there is a two- 1 Anna has got a job in the bar.
hour show from one o f the best singers or comedians in the 2 Jack started his job about six months ago.
area. On Mondays and Wednesdays, it’s karaoke. And Thursday 3 Jack thinks Maggie is lazy.
night is quiz night! 4 Anna enjoys swimming.
5 The gym is closed on Sundays.
H B You can buy food and other necessities at the small
6 Jack never goes to the gym.
supermarket next to reception. If you don’t fancy cooking,
snacks are available all day at the bar, and during the summer
months, there is a barbecue every Friday and Saturday evening. W riting
Several take-away restaurants in the area w ill deliver to the 7 Ellie, a student from England, is starting at your school.
camp - ask for details at reception. Write a note welcoming her and giving this information.
• what time lessons start and finish
Q B We have tw enty full-tim e members of staff, including a
general manager and a deputy manager. They are hard-working, • what sports or hobbies you can do
patient and polite, and are happy to deal w ith questions or • where you can buy food and drink
problems at any time. • what some of the staff are called, and their jobs

Skills Round-up 1-2 23

THIS UNIT INCLUDES

House and home

Vocabulary» rural and urban landscapes ■ prepositions of movement ■ compound nou
■ adjectives to describe places ■ prepositions of place ■ fillers ■ holiday activities
Grammar ■ some, any, much, many, a lot of, a little and a few
■ countable and uncountable nouns ■ articles
Speaking ■ describing places ■ giving directions
W riting ■ a holiday blog

v o c a b u l a r y a n d lis t e n in g Landscapes
I can describe a place in the town o r country.

SPEAKING Look at the pictures. Where would you prefer to live? Why?

2 $ 1 . 2 9 B E H S D E 3 1 Match items 1-25 in the pictures 4 $ 1.30 Listen to a walker asking a farmer for directions.
with the words below. Then listen and check. Mark the route on picture B above.

Urban landscapes
5 $ 1.30 Listen again. Complete the directions with the
b illb o a rd ______ bus s to p ______ words below.
pavem ent______ pedestrian crossing
across along end follow on onto past right
postbox______ road s ig n ______
straight through
roadworks___ roundabout______
rubbish b in __ street la m p ______ 1 Go_________ . this lane.
telegraph pole traffic lig h ts ______ 2 Go_________ . the pond.
3 G o_________ . the gate _ your left.
Rural landscapes
4 G o_________ . the field - ju s t.
barn______ bridge
the footpath.
cottage______ farmhouse
5 Turn rig h t___ . the lane.
fie ld ______ fo o tp a th __
g ate ---------- hedge____ 6 Then go ____ . on.
lane______ pon d _____ 7 Take the firs t.
stream ______ villa g e ___ 8 Walk to the _ . of the road.
w o o d ______ I2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l) : PAGE 126 <31
3 Label the pictures w ith the prepositions below. Work in pairs. Take turns to be A and B.
Prepositions of movement across over past Student A: Give directions to two other places in picture B.
through along Student B: Follow the directions on the picture.

_________ J ..._..
Walk across the field to ...

E> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 126 <31

2k Unit 3 * House and home

grammar some, any, much, many, a lo t ofj a little , a few
I can talk about quantities.

SPEAKING What do you think an eco-town is? 6 Find o little, a few, many, much and a lo t of\n the text in
exercise 2. Then complete the table.
Read the advertisement for Greenton. In which paragraph
(1 -3 ) can you find out: With uncountable nouns With plural countable nouns

a what to do in Greenton? b what an eco-town is? a lot of 3

c how to get more information? 1 A
2 5
M ove to G re e n to n
LOOK OUT!
1 Greenton is an 'eco-tow n' so there aren't any cars in We often use much and many in negative sentences
the tow n centre. There isn't much pollution because and questions. We don’t often use them in affirmative
everyone cycles or walks. In fact, there aren't many sentences. We use a lot o f (or lots o f) in both affirmative
cleanertowns in the world - a n d there's some and negative sentences.
beautiful scenery to explore ju st outside the town too.
E> GRAMMAR BUILDER 3B: PAGE 108 <31
2 You'll always be busy in Greenton. There are a lot o f
cafés and nightclubs, and some great shops. If you
Read the notice. Choose the correct words.
don't want to spend any money, why not spend a little
time relaxing by the river instead?

3 If you have any questions about

Greenton, why not spend a few
minutes exploring our website?
Or better still, come and visit!

Ém
Find two examples of some and three examples of any in
the text. Then complete the rules in the Learn this! box.

1 We use in affirmative sentences.

2 We use in negative sentences and
questions.
One-bedroom flat £1,100 /m onth
$ 1.32 Martin is asking about renting a flat. Complete the 'A fe w I M uch new one-bedroom flats are now available
c alogue with some or any. Then listen and check. near the centre of Greenton. These flats all offer
Martin Are there 1________ one-bedroom flats to rent in 2a fe w I a lo t o f space, and there are 3a lo t o f / a little
the centre of Greenton? good reasons to live in this area. There are 4a fe w / a little
Agent Yes, but they’re very expensive. There are shops in the same street and 5much / a lo t o f shops in the
2________really nice flats just outside the town. nearby shopping centre. There are 6a lo t o f / a little offices
Martin Have you g o t3________ pictures of them? in the area, but there aren’t 7a fe w / m any restaurants or
Agent Ves, I have. Look. And the rent isn’t high: £500 nightclubs, so there isn’t 8m uch / m any noise at night.
a month.
Come and have a look!
Martin Nice. Are there “________ shops nearby?
Agent Yes, there are 5________ shops about 200 metres
away.
8 u : » i u w Work in small groups. Prepare and present a
Martin Great! I can’t see 6________ disadvantages!
short advertisement for your town or village. Use some of
Agent Do you have 7________ pets?
these words: some, any, much, many, a lot of, a little and
Martin Well, I’ve g o t8________ fish.
a few. You can use the ideas below to help you.
Agent That’s fine. There won’t be 9________ problems
with fish. cafés cinemas nightclubs parks pollution
scenery shops traffic
Look at the words in blue in the text in exercise 2. Which
=-~ Dlural countable nouns? Which are uncountable nouns? There are- a few ... You can find some ...

Unit 3 B House and home 25

CULTURE Different views
I can understand a controversial topic.

-----

1 Describe the photo. What do you think the

people are doing? ^ T o x -h u n tm g ^

$ 1.33 Read the text. Match the headings (1-5)

with paragraphs A-C. There are two headings that
you do not need.
1 A country divided 4 The future of fox hunts
2 A royal sport 5 The history of hunting
3 The end of fox hunts?

Find these words highlighted in the text. Use

them to complete the sentences below.

ban cruel damage economy illegal law out-dated

respect upper-class
You shouldn’t hurt animals - it’s __________
In the past, only_________families could afford to have
holidays abroad.
My dad doesn’t want my sister to become a pilot. He has Hunting is a very old activity. Hundreds o f years ago,
very_________views about jobs for women! kings and their families hunted deer. In the 1800s, fox­
Tourism is good for a town’s __________Tourists spend hunting became more popular. The hunters used groups of
a lot of money! dogs to chase the foxes w hile they followed on horses. They
wore special clothes for hunting: bright jackets - usually
You can’t steal things. It’s against th e _________
red - black boots and black hats. This tradition continued
6 He hit a tree and did a lot o f______ to his car.
through the 1800s and 1900s, especially in rural areas.
7 When you’ re visiting a foreign country, you should
________ its customs and traditions. However, many people in the UK were unhappy
8 It’s ________to drive without a licence. about the tradition of fox-hunting. It was especially
unpopular among people who lived in cities. They thought
9 The government is going t o _________smoking in
it was a cruel and out-dated activity and argued that it
public buildings.
is wrong to k ill animals for fun. The government agreed,
$ 1.34 Listen to four teenagers talking about hunting. and on 15 September 2004, they made a new law to ban
hunting w ith dogs. The traditional fox hunts had to stop.
Who agrees and who disagrees with the ban?
They were now illegal.
a Olivia b Rory c Jake d Christine

$ 1.34 Listen again. Match two opinions with each Some people in the countryside feel very strongly
speaker. Write 0, R,J or C. that the hunting ban is unfair. They argue that the
government stopped the hunts only because they disliked
1 Killing animals for fun is always wrong.
upper-class rural traditions.
2 People from towns don’t understand rural traditions. They say that:
3 Fishing is just as cruel as fox-hunting.
• foxes eat farm animals so farmers need help to protect
4 Hunting damages fields and hedges.
their animals.
5 We should respect traditional activities even if only
• in the countryside, 60% o f people want fox-hunting to
a few people do them.
continue. We should respect rural traditions, and not
6 Other ways of killing foxes are crueller than hunting.
allow people from cities to stop them.
7 Only very rich people are interested in hunting.
8 In the past, people didn’t care about animal rights, • fox hunts created jobs for people, so the ban does a lot
but they do now. o f damage to the economy in the countryside.
Some people even try to continue the tradition o f hunting
Work in pairs. Tell your partner whether by using dogs and horses to chase a sock w ith a special
you agree or disagree with the opinions in exercise 5. smell, but it isn’t the same.
Give reasons where possible. So, which is more im portant: respecting a rural tradition or
protecting foxes? It's still a question that divides town and
country in Britain.

26 Unit 3 1 House and home

GRAMMAR A r tid e S
I can correctly use ‘a/an’ and ‘the’ with nouns.

Look at the photo. Would you like to live in this town? LOOK OUT!
Why?/Why not? We don’t use the when we are making generalisations.
What’s the weather like? but I don’t like hot weather.
Read the text and the Learn this! box. Then match the rules The lanes near our cottage are very narrow, but Don’t drive
in the Learn this! box with the words in blue. fast in narrow lanes.

Read the Look out! box. Are these sentences

generalisations or not? Choose the correct answers.
1 I love old cottages / the old cottages.
2 Villages / The villages are usually quieter than towns /
the towns.
Weather / The weather here was terrible last weekend.
Pedestrians / The pedestrians can use the footpath,
but cyclists / the cyclists can’t.
Fields / The fields around this village are full of sheep.
live in a city on the south coast of Croatia. The city is Do you think billboards / the billboards make cities /
called Dubrovnik. It’s a beautiful place, and I love living the cities more attractive?
Dy the sea. My dad’s a tour guide. He’s got a boat for
E> GRAMMAR BUILDER 3D: PAGE 1 0 8 -1 0 9 <31
:ourists. I usually help on the boat during the summer.
$ 1.35 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen and repeat the phrases
I TARN

We use a or an when we talk about something for the below. How do we pronounce the before (a) a consonant
first time. sound and (b) a vowel sound?
They’ve got a swimming pool. the cattle the east the end the English the hedge
We use the when we talk about something again. the industry the MP3 player the scenery
There’s a cinema and a café. The café is cheap. the upper classes
We use a or an when we say what someone’s job is,
or when we describe what somebody or something is. 7 HJ’J-Tnffel Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using
He’s a dentist. He’s an old man. It’s a nice day. the table. Do not use the if it is a generalisation.
We use the when there is only one of something.
big cities?
The sun is shining. Who’s the president?
weather today?
Find one more example of each rule in the text in exercise 2. scenery in England?

American films?
Read the chatroom messages. Choose a or the. Which rule
*rom the Learn this! box applies? Italian food?

American President?
Do you like the
gr8place2live.com Chatroom 1 new X-Men film?

talkative people?
im y I live in !a / the beautiful village. It's near
2a / the sea. It's 3a / the great place to live. tracksuits?
V o n s te r Hi Sammy. What's the name of 4a / the village? song in Unit 1?
Sammy Newgate. It's in Wales. Where do you live?
new Samsung phone?
V o n s te r Ashford.
Sammy Is that 5a / the town or 6a / the village? ambitious people?

V o n s te r It's 7a / th e small town in 8a / th e south of

I
England. It's OK here. There's 9a / th e sports Yes, I do. Do you like the
Do you like big cities?
centre and 10a / th e cinema, but u a / th e weather today?
cinema's only got one screen. ---------------------J r —
Sammy Cinema! We haven't even got 12a / the café! No, I don’t. Do you ...
w e /o u r message here. Press enter to send.

Unit 3 * House and home 27

r ea d in g Urban farmers?
I can understand a newspaper article

m m m i
W h y D o P e o p le E n j o y
Be V ir t u a l Fa r m i n g ?
____ Kate Jones is a 25-year-old w ho lives and works in
central London. She grew up in the countryside. She says
W FarmVille reminds her o f her child ho od . She's grow ing
w heat and flowers, and she's got some apple trees. She's
also keeping chickens and cows. She says that she finds
keeping animals relaxing.
Imagine o w ning a farm w here the sun always shines,
the crops always grow and the animals are always healthy. Some experts have warned of the dangers o f FarmVille and
Imagine friends visiting fo r a w h ile to help feed the animals other o nline gam es.4______They also say that even 'free
and clean the farmyard. 1______This is the w orld of games' can be expensive. FarmVille players can use real
FarmVille, an o nline game that players access through m oney to buy extra 'farm coins' for their farm. You can buy
the Facebook website. FarmVille currently has a population $240 o f 'farm coins' for $40 o f real money. There are stories
of over 82 m illio n - about the same as Germany. of children spending hundreds o f dollars on their parents'
credit cards to buy virtual m oney fo r their online games.
W hen new players jo in FarmVille, they receive some 'farm
coins' (the special FarmVille currency), some seeds, a Despite these worries, the population o f Farm Ville keeps
plough and a farm w ith six fields. They plant the seeds and grow ing as fast as its virtual fru it and vegetables. And w hile
sell the crops to get extra 'farm c o in s '.2______Eventually, the crops and the animals in Farm Ville are imaginary, the
they can buy more land too and make their farms bigger. m oney is re a l.5______

28 Unit 3 House and home

LEAKING Look at the picture opposite. Do you know this
6 Match sentences A-F from exercise 5 with gaps 1 -5 in the
text. There is one sentence that you do not need.
game? What other online games can you name?

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

iVithout looking at the text, guess the answers to these
questions. 1 How similar is FarmVille to being a real farmer, in your
opinion?
1 How many people in the world play FarmVille?
2 Why do you think FarmVille is so popular?
2 Can you spend real money playing FarmVille?
3 What other different lifestyles would you like to
1.36 Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, and find experience in an online game?
:ne answers to exercise 2 .
--------^ ,
VOCABULARY Match the highlighted nouns in the text with I think / don’t think it’s like being
:ne definitions below. a real farmer because ...
V V
1 the area next to the farm buildings
2 an area of ground
8 ^ 1.37 Read and listen to the song. Then choose the best
3 the parts of a plant that you put into the ground to grow
summary of the lyrics: a, b or c.
new plants
4 a plant that is used to make bread a A man who lives in the city is remembering his happy
childhood on a farm and wishing he could go back,
5 plants that farmers grow
6 a machine that farmers use to prepare fields for planting
b A man thinks that country life is boring and decides to
move to the city and make a lot of money,
EXAM STRATEGY c A man moves to the country to escape the pressures of
life in the city, but it doesn’t make him happy.
When doing gap-fill exercises, pay attention to words
that connect the sentences with the rest of the text.
These will often be pronouns (e.g. they, these, those,
etc.), which relate to the noun. If there are linking words
in the text, you have to look for logical relations, such as
a response to a question.
City dweller, successful fella
Thought to himself oops I’ve got a lot o f money
Read the exam strategy. Underline three examples of I’m caught in a rat race terminally
demonstratives (e.g. this, that, these, those) in sentences I ’m a professional cynic but my heart’s not in it
A-F below. Then read the text again and try to identify the I’m paying the price o f living life at the limit
words and phrases which the demonstratives refer to. Caught up in the century’s anxiety
A They use these coins to buy more seeds and also animals Yes, it preys on him, he’s getting thin
for their farm.
H e lives in a house, a very big house in the country
B They say that the games are addictive, with players
W atching afternoon repeats and the food he eats
spending up to eight hours a day on the computer.
in the country
C Before this, most players were happy to spend no more
H e takes all manner o f pills and piles up analyst bills
than an hour a day online.
in the country
D Zynga, the company who invented FarmVille, makes an
Ooh, it’s like an animal farm, lots o f rural charm
estimated $500,000 a day from its Facebook games.
In the country, in the country, in the country ...
E For most players it’s a relaxing hobby - a change from
In the country!
the pressures of modern city life.
F Now imagine selling those crops and using the money to Blow, blow me out, I am so sad, I don’t know why
make your farm bigger and better. Blow, blow me out, I am so sad, I don’t know why
O h, he lives in a house, a very big house
in the country
H e’s got a fog in his chest so he needs a lot of rest
in the country
H e doesn’t drink, smoke, laugh, takes herbal baths
in the country
Yes you’ll come to no harm on an animal farm
in the country ...

Unit3 * House and home

everyday En g l is h Picture description
I can describe and speculate about a picture.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Match the words below with the

photos. You can use the same word for more than one
photo.

crowded empty enjoyable indoors outdoors

relaxing scary stressful sunny underground

2 $ 1.38 Listen to Hannah in an oral exam. Which photo

from exercise 1 is she talking about: 1, 2 or 3?

3 $ 1 . 3 8 Listen again. Tick the phrases that Hannah uses to

describe the photo.

Summarising This photo shows ...

In this photo, we can see ...
Locating on the left / right in the foreground
in the background behind the... in front of the ...
next to th e ...
Speculating They look ( + adj) Judging by... I imagine ...

4 Work in pairs. Take turns to say sentences

describing the picture of the farmer on page 29. Try to
include phrases from exercise 3.

$ 1.39 p r o n u n c ia t io n Read the speaking strategy.

Then listen and repeat Hannah’s phrases. Try to copy
her intonation.

When you need time to think during a conversation, say

Let me think, H m m ... what else? or Let me see.

Look at picture 1. Take turns to ask and answer these

questions. Use fillers from exercise 5 if necessary.
1 What are the women drinking?
2 What do you think they’ re talking about?
3 How many people can you see?
4 What time of day is it, do you think? Why?
5 What country is it, do you think? How do you know?

fciiiftitwrct Work in pairs. When you are describing a photo,

try to include fillers, and phrases from exercise 3.
Student A: Describe picture 2 to your partner.
Student B: Listen to your partner’s description. Then ask:
‘How do you think the boy in the foreground
is feeling, and why?’
Student A: Answer your partner’s question.

Student B: Describe picture 3 to your partner.

Student A: Listen to your partner’s description. Then ask:
‘ How do you think the woman in the red coat
is feeling, and why?’
Student B: Answer your partner’s question.

30 Unit 3 ■ House and home

A holiday blog
G w r it in g

I can write a blog entry about a holiday.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Find out what activities your 3 Answer the questions about Tessa and Sam.
partner enjoys doing on holiday. Ask and answer questions 1 Where is she/he?
about the activities below and add your own ideas. 2 What is the weather like?
Holiday activities buy souvenirs / sunbathe / go skiing 3 What did she/he do yesterday?
snowboarding / shopping / horse-riding / swimming 4 What are her/his plans for tomorrow?
go for a walk / for a bike ride / on a boat trip 5 When is she/he coming home?
play cards / tennis / table tennis / volleyball
VOCABULARY Read the Learn this! box. Then find extreme
visit a museum / castle / zoo / water park
adjectives in the blog entries which mean:
1 very good: f_____ and g______
2 very bad: t______
3 very big: h______
4 very cold: f_____

Extreme adjectives
We often use an extreme adjective in place of very +
adjective.
*ead the blog entries by Tessa and Sam. Which activities exhausted = very tired tiny = very small
~om exercise 1 are mentioned? terrified = very scared
We don’t use very before an extreme adjective.

; pm @Tessa321 :
Replace the underlined words with extreme adjectives from
There are some fantastic exercise 4 and the Learn this! box.
ceaches here on the Costa
We’re camping in a very small tent in a very big field. The
Brava, but the weather
weather is very cold, especially at night. Last night, I was
rats week is terrible. That’s
3 a y unlucky because it’s very scared - there were so many strange noises! It really is
usua y quite good at this a very bad holiday.
: i~e of year. Yesterday, we I
sayed in the hotel all day
and played cards. How
boring! Dad lost the game
a rc ent to bed early. He ;
A3s in a bad mood all day
we're
vsJtng a huge water park, so it doesn’t matter if it’s
raring. We’re flying home on Saturday. Great!
Read the w riting strategy. Then find three exclamations
I Dm @Sam_Leeds: in the blog entries in exercise 2.

>'«eve ha. rig a great time here in the Lake District You are on a beach holiday with your family. Write a blog
- h o t sunny weather and fantastic scenery. entry which includes this information:
>fesfierday. we went for a long bike ride. When
me got back, we went swimming in the lake. Joe • where you are, what the weather is like and whether
screamed when he you are enjoying yourself
u n p e d in because • what you did yesterday and what your plans are for
~ e .'iater was tomorrow
^s e z rg . Tomorrow, • when you are coming home
"5 going on a boat
r c and then visiting
a z3S3e. This holiday CHECK YOUR WORK
s gdng too fast - I’ll Have you:
3e T cne next week.
included the information in the task in exercise 7?
M№at a shame! IB used extreme adjectives and/or an exclamation?
checked your spelling and grammar?

Unit 3 * Town and country 31

Reading 2 The second paragraph tells you that
Work in pairs. Ask and answer the A some athletes believe HGH can help them
questions. do better.
B HGH is mainly taken by sprinters.
1 Why do you think some athletes take drugs?
C research shows that HGH is effective in 5%
2 Do you know of any athletes who have been banned from
of athletes.
a sporting event for taking drugs?
D HGH doesn’t have any effect on performance.
2 Do the exam task. 3 Apart from making them stronger, why is taking HGH
attractive for some athletes?
READING exam task
A Because it can be taken during a competition.
Read the text. Choose the best answer, A, B, C or D. B Because it is very difficult to detect.
HGH (Human Growth Hormone) could be the favourite C Because it is not forbidden to take it.
drug at the next athletic world championships, and we D Because it acts within 24 hours.
might never know it. It is a natural substance produced 4 Scientists suggest that
by the human body, and it helps children’s bones and A some athletes will ignore the dangers of using HGH.
muscles to grow. Scientists are allowed to make the drug B there isn’t any risk of developing cancer as a result
and it is also legal to take HGH in most countries. HGH of taking HGH.
is considered a wonder drug for children. It helps many C health problems caused by HGH will stop athletes
children with growth problems every year. from taking it.
However, some athletes are now taking the drug. HGH D athletes’ results are almost equal, so they want
helps add muscle in adults and recent research by the HGH to help them be the best.
World Anti-Doping Agency shows that HGH may improve 5 The text is about
a sprinter’s time by 5%. Some athletes say that HGH A suggestions for new ways of detecting HGH.
definitely makes them stronger. It also helps them to B HGH as a legal drug for sprinters.
recover more quickly from injuries. C the use of HGH in professional sports.
D HGH as a drug in the treatment of adults.
Although it is banned by most professional sports, HGH
is almost impossible to test for. The drug is completely
natural and it will only show in tests for around 24 hours Speaking
after taking it. Testing is usually done only during Work in pairs. Ask and answer
competitions, but athletes use HGH during training, so the questions.
it is very difficult to know who has used the drug. This
1 Which sports are popular with young people
makes it very attractive for some athletes. Scientists are
in your country?
developing a new test which will find the drug in the
2 Do you do any sport? Why?/Why not?
body for up to two weeks. But it isn’t going to be easy.
Everybody has different levels of natural HGH in their body. k Do the exam task.
For this reason, scientists are warning athletes of the SPEAKING exam task
possible problems with the drug. Research shows that
Answer the questions about the photo. Give reasons for
HGH can give people headaches, pains and - more
your answers.
dangerously - bigger hearts. Finally, high levels of HGH
increase the risk of cancer. But is this enough to stop 1 How are the people
athletes from taking it? Scientists don’t think so. Some feeling? Why?
athletes w ill do all they can to win, and worry about their 2 What qualities do
health later. you need to be
successful at ice
1 Which of these statements is false? skating?
A HGH is a natural substance.
3 Do a lot of young
B HGH is needed to help bones and muscles grow.
people go ice
C HGH is used as medicine for children.
skating in your
D HGH is illegally produced in many countries.
country?
Why? / Why not?

32 Get Ready for your Exam 2

sning Speaking
вашпишна Work in pairs. Discuss this question. 8 Eam u E E a a a How many rooms in a house can
G ve reasons for your opinions. you name?
r :r a student at university, what do you think are the
Hivantages and disadvantages of Read the speaking exam task in exercise 10. Then complete
the sentences with the words below. Which part of the task
a sharing a house or a flat with friends?
does each sentence refer to?
b iving with your family?
cooking food garden lazy reasonable small
i the words below with the definitions. Use your
1 The bathroom is very _
ary to help you.
2 We pay for our o w n _
ement detached flat landlord housemate 3 The house hasn’t got a _____ .
upstairs 4 My housemate is a b it_____ .
A house is not joined to another house. 5 The rent is quite ____ .
A _ __ is the owner of a house which other people 6 I do the and my housemate does the washing up.
pav to live in.
10 Do the exam task.
- _ is somebody who shares a house with you but
s io t a member of your family. SPEAKING exam task
~-.e__ __ is the part of the house above the
You and your friend are sharing a rented house. Talk
e -z-'id floor.
about what it is like and include information about the
___is a notice (usually in a newspaper) that
following points:
te s “ eople about something (e.g. a job, a service,
:• scnething for sale). • what the house is like
- is a number of rooms, usually in a large • sharing the costs
: . : :ng, where people live. • sharing the duties (e.g. cooking, cleaning, shopping)
_ __ is the money you pay regularly to a landlord.
Use of English
»the exam task.
11 Work in pairs. How many
-.5TENING exam task words can you form from each of the words below? Use a
dictionary to help you.
$ 1.40 Read the sentences in the table below.
*: j are going to hear a teenager talking. Decide if the apply success immediate inform accommodate
s-e-tences (1-5) are true (T) or false (F). Put X in the luck responsible difficult prepare reason
r:;-o p ria te space in the table.
applf: applicable-, applicant application, applied

D 12 Do the exam task.

1 The speaker and her friend decided to
USE OF ENGLISH exam task
look for another housemate because
their house was too big for them. Complete the text with the correct form of the
words given.
2 Melanie was one of the three people who
If y o u r 1_____ (apply) for a place at university is
replied to the advert.
2______(success), you’ ll need somewhere to live. You
3 The speaker complains that she has to should 3_____ (immediate) contact the university and
cook every evening. ask fo r 4______(inform) about their ‘halls of residence’,
which are rooms for students. Most universities don’t
4 The girls don’t enjoy looking after the have enough 5______(accommodate) for all their
garden. students. If you are 6______(luck) and the university
5 The girls are going to look for a house doesn’t offer you a room, it’s y o u r 7______(responsible)
together next year. to find somewhere. Start looking for a room in a shared
house or flat. Many students have 8_____ (difficult)
finding somewhere to live very near the university, but if
you are 9______(prepare) to travel a few kilometres, you
should be able to find a room 10______(reason) quickly.

Get Ready for your Exam 2 33

THIS UNIT INCLUDES

Lights, camera, Vocabulary ■ types of film ■ adjectives to describe films ■ -ed and -ing adjectives
■ words to do with film ■ types of TV programme
Grammar ■ comparatives and superlatives ■ (not) as ... as, too, enough

action! Speaking ■ talking about films and TV programmes ■ buyingtickets * giving opinions
■ checking understanding
W riting ■ a film review

1 SPEAKING Look at the photos. Do you recognise any of the actors or films?

2 $ 2.02 VOCABULARY Label the photos with the words below. Which types of
film are not illustrated? Listen and check.

Types of film action film animated film comedy disaster film

documentary film historical drama horror film musical
romantic comedy science fiction film th riller war film western

SPEAKING Work in pairs. What types of film do you like

and dislike? Give examples. Use the phrases below.

I’m (not) a big fan o f ... I’ m (not) really into

really (don’t) like ... ... are OK.
quite lik e ... I can’t stand ...

I’m really into horror films, like Wolfman.

4 %№ 2.03 Listen. Match each film excerpt with a type of film 6 Make notes about a film you really liked and a film you
from exercise 2 . hated. Think about the points below and use the adjectives
in exercise 5 to help you.
5 rVOCABULARY
u ic m u F iffl Use a dictionary to check the meaning of • the story • the images / special effects
the adjectives below. Then choose an adjective that
• the acting • the music
best describes the film the people are talking about in
sentences 1 -7 . 'Avatar': stopf - gripping, special effects - spectacular
'Valentine's Daf: stor'j - veq predictable, acting - bad
Adjectives to describe films dull entertaining
funny gripping moving predictable scary serious SPEAKING Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the films.
slow spectacular violent Do you agree with your partner?
1 I knew exactly what was going to happen at the end.
I loved Avatar. It’s a science fiction film. The story was
2 I’ve never been so bored in my life!
really gripping, and the special effects were spectacular.
3 The story was fantastic. I couldn’t take my eyes off the
screen from start to finish.
4 We were all crying when we came out of the cinema. I couldn’t stand Valentine’s Day. It’s a
5 There was too much fighting and blood! romantic comedy. The story was very
6 There weren’t many laughs, but it really made me think.
predictable. The acting was bad.
7 The photography and the special effects were amazing.
E> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l) : PAGE 127 <33 E» VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 127 €3
34 Unit 4 ■ Lights, camera, action!
grammar Comparatives and superlatives
I can make comparisons.

3ead the text about Keira Knightley. How many of her films Complete the chat room texts. Use the comparative or
are mentioned? superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Keira Knightley rose to fame Mad about film! Join in the c h a t...
when she starred in Pirates o f James Cameron, director o f Avatar
the Caribbean, the biggest film
sam74
of 2003. She’s one of the most
In my opinion, C am eron's1_________ (good)
beautiful actresses in Hollywood Profile
director in Hollywood,
and also one of the richest, and film freak Friends
most critics agree that she is 2_________ (good) than George Lucas?
Messages
one of the best actresses in the sam74
world. She has starred not only in Who?!
blockbusters like Pirates, but also film freak Log o u t
in more serious films, such He directed Star Wars!
as Atonem ent, and in funnier sam74
films, such as Love Actually. Oh. I th in k Cameron's films are 3_________
(entertaining) than Lucas's. But maybe Lucas
. (successful) at the cinema.
m an dyb
I Read the text again and underline the comparative and Avatar was disappointing. It's d e finitely
;.D erlative adjectives. Then complete the table. Cameron's5_____ (predictable) and
6_________ (dull) film . Cameron is overrated.
Comparative Superlative sam74
Are we ta lkin g about the same film ?!? Avatar
Short adjectives
is his 7_________ (gripping) film yet!
rich richer 1
fredstar
big bigger 2 I agree w ith Sam74. Cameron's8_________
(talented) director in Hollywood. Name
funny 3
the funniest a 9_________ (scary) film than Aliens,
Long adjectives a 10_________ (moving) one than Titanic or
a 11_________ (spectacular) one than Avatar!
serious 4
the most serious
Deautiful more beautiful 5

'tegular adjectives
Write the questions. Use superlative adjectives.
good better 6
1 Who / talented / actor in the world?
bad worse the worst Who's the most talented actor in the world?
E> GRAMMAR BUILDER 4B: PAGE 110 <31 2 What / moving / film that you’ve ever seen?
3 Who / beautiful / actress in the world?
Лrite sentences comparing the two films in the chart. Use 4 What / dull / programme on TV?
:- e comparative form of the adjectives below and than. 5 Who / bad / actor in the world?
6 Who / good-looking / actor in the world?
dull entertaining funny long popular scary 7 What / scary / film that you’ve ever seen?
s - j f t violent 8 What / funny / comedy on TV?
Trek:' was longer than 'Up in the Ліг'.
SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in
Star Trek Up in the Air exercise 5.
Length 127 minutes 109 minutes
^ p u la rity * * * * * * * In your opinion, who’s Brad Pitt. What’s the
Violence * * * * the most talented most moving film
*
actor in the world? you’ve ever seen?
E_:ertainment >|c ^

Laughs * * э|с эфе ^c.

Schindler’s List. Who do you think is the
Fear factor * * * * most beautiful actress in the world?

Unit 4 * Lights, camera, action! 3*

c ulture Film fame
I can talk about award ceremonies.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Look at the photos. What can

you see? What is happening? Use the words below
Thé'Oscars
to help you.
□ The Oscars award ceremony is one o f the most
actress cry make a speech o utfit prize win famous ceremonies in the w orld, and is watched
live on TV in over 200 countries. The first ceremony
$ 2.04 Read the text. Match headings 1 -6 with
happened in Hollywood in 1929 , and all o f the prizes
paragraphs A-E. There is one heading that you do not need.
were fo r silent films. For the firs t ten years, the results
1 Gratitude and tears 4 The most famous winner were given to the newspapers before the ceremony.
2 Dress to impress 5 Deciding the winner However, since 1941, the names o f the winners have
3 Early days 6 A mystery been a secret until the last moment.

Read the text again. Answer the questions. □ No one is exactly sure where the name ‘Oscars’
1 In the 1930s, how did people know the result before the came from . One story is th a t in 1931, the director of
ceremony? the Academy thought that the golden award looked
2 Whose uncle looked like the prize that was awarded to like her uncle Oscar - and the name stayed!
the winners? □ The Academy o f M otion Picture Arts and
3 Who votes for the winners? Sciences has over 6 ,0 0 0 members (actors, directors,
4 How much do the female stars usually spend on their producers, etc.). Each year, they vote fo r the winners
outfits for the ceremony? in 25 categories. The most im portant categories are
5 Why are the acceptance speeches often boring? Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress and Best Actor.

4 г л і »л :іи У :Ш
Match the singular form of the highlighted □ No one is very interested in what the men wear
words in the text w ith the definitions below. (they usually come in a dinner jacket or a suit), but
1 the decision or score at the end of a competition the big fashion houses, like Chanel and Dior, try to
2 a very formal public event persuade the most popular female stars to wear their
3 a formal talk that you give in public dresses. The stars usually get the dresses fo r free,
4 something that the winner of a competition receives and they usually look great. But there are some bad
5 somebody who comes first in a competition choices too!

□ The speeches that the winners make when

5 $ 2 . 0 5 Listen to a journalist talking about the Razzie
they accept their Oscars are often rather boring, as
Awards. Answer the questions.
they’re usually just a list o f people they w ant to thank
1 What are the awards given for? (including their mum). The winners often get very
2 Do most winners come to the awards ceremony? emotional - it can sometimes be almost impossible to
understand w hat they’re saying!
6 $ 2 .0 5 Listen again. Are the sentences true or false?
1 The awards ceremony takes place before the Oscars.
2 John Wilson started the Razzies because he hates all
Hollywood films.
3 Membership of the Golden Raspberry Award Foundation
is free.
4 No winners collected their Razzie Awards before 1988.
5 Sandra Bullock won a Razzie and an Oscar for the same
film.

7 иаадиіни Work in pairs. Think of films you have seen

recently and discuss this question.
Who would you award (a) Oscars (b) Razzies to in these
categories: Best/Worst Film? Best/Worst Actress? Best/
Worst Actor?

I’d award the Worst Film Razzie to ... because ...

36 Unit 4 * Lights, camera, action!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gramm ar (not) as ... as, too, enough

I can use different structures to make comparisons.

2.06 Read and listen to the dialogue between the two Write replies to the questions. Use too or n o t... enough and
casting directors. Are the sentences true or false? the adjectives in brackets.

1 Carrie Oakey is older than Anne Teak. 1 ‘Did you enjoy the new Spielberg film?’
2 Carrie Oakey hasn’t got a very good voice. ‘ No. I t ___________________’ (fast-moving)
3 Sheila Blige isn’t very experienced. 2 ‘Do you like romantic comedies?’
‘ No, I don’t. T h e y ________________ ’ (predictable)
3 ‘Was it a dull film?’
‘Yes. I t __ _______________ .’ (slow)
‘Did your sister see the new Tarantino film?’
‘ No, she couldn’t. S he___________________’ (old)
5 ‘Why don’t you watch a DVD with us?’
can’t, sorry. I . to stay awake.’ (tired)
6 ‘ Have you got the Twilight Saga DVD box set?’
‘ No, I haven’t. I t ________________ .’ (expensive)

$ 2.08 Complete the conversation. Use too, enough or

(not) a s ... as and the correct form of the words in brackets.
>da Now we need an actress for the lead role. Then listen and check.
Anne Teak is certainly attractive enough.
Yes, but she’s too old to play that role. She’s 45. Chloe Look. Avatar is on at the cinema. Fancy seeing it?
That’s true. What about Carrie Oakey? She isn’t Justin Yeah. Book the tickets online.
as old as Anne. Chloe OK ... Oh, no. It starts in ten minutes. There isn’t
But her voice isn’t good enough, and she hasn’t 1 (time) to get to the cinema.
got enough experience. She hasn’t acted in Justin What else is th ere? ... Try Machete. It’s 2_________
many films. (good) Avatar.
L’“ da What about Sheila Blige? She’s as experienced Chloe You have to be eighteen. We aren’t 3_________
as Anne. (old) to see that.
Gideon Yes, she’s perfect. Where’s my mobile? ... Hello, Justin I’ m “_________(old)! You’ re not. What about
Sheila? Listen ,... Warrior? It isn’t 5_________(good) Avatar or
Machete, but we can both see it.
Chloe OK, hang on. Ah, we’ re 6_________(late).
I t* 2 j Complete the rules in the Learn this! box with after, It’s sold out.
:e *ore and between. Then listen and repeat the examples. Justin We could hire a DVD.
Chloe No, the shop’s 7_________(far) away. Let’s watch
LEARN THISI

: - - 3 : e::'ve comes {not) as and as. TV instead.

no*) as tall as
2 too comes________ . an adjective. E » GRAMMAR BUILDER 4D: PAGE 110 <SJ
too tall
3 enough comes____ ____an adjective. Work in pairs. Invent reasons why you can’t
not) good enough follow the suggestions. Use too and enough.
- enough comes____
1 Why don’t we watch a film on TV?
(not. enough experience
2 Shall we go to the cinema?
Ae o"en use an infinitive with to . . too +
3 Let’s go to Los Angeles for our holidays.
adjective or adjective + enough.
4 Why don’t you study English at university?
You ve old enough to drive.
5 Shall we get a burger and chips now?

Why don’t we watch a film on TV?

eight sentences comparing yourself with your friends
z -c ^amily. Use (not) as ... as and adjectives 1 -8 .
["— *- r as tall as rrt'j sister. I’m too tired. / 1haven’t got enough time.
4 generous 7 confident
2 : ; : ent 5 talkative 8 short
3 r.ever 6 hard-working

Unit 4 ■ Lights, camera, action! 37

r e a d in g Shaken and stirred
I can understand an article about stunts.

1 KiaJMIjM Look at the photos. Describe what is happening. $ 2.09 Read the text. Match headings 1 -6 with paragraphs
Use the words and phrases below to help you. A-D. There are two headings that you do not need.

Photo 1: car fly river upside down 1 The golden age of stunts
Photo 2: hang sign building 2 Special effects can’t replace stunts
3 Stunts were part of an actor’s job
Photo 3: fly kick in the air
4 A mix of real stunts and computer-generated imaging
5 Actors refuse to do stunts
2 Which do you think is the most dangerous stunt? Give reasons.
6 Too many accidents

I A 1 I In the early days of cinema, actors did their own stunts. Stars in IC | | However, many stunts were extremely dangerous. In the Bond film
silent films, like Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton, took great risks to make Live and Let Die (1973), stuntman Ross Kananga walks on crocodiles to
their films funny. They thought it was part of a comedian's job. Buster get across a river. The last crocodile bit his foot! Some stuntmen and
Keaton's most famous stunt was in Steamboat Bill Jr (1928). The wall of stuntwom en even lost their lives doing stunts, in Top Gun (1986), the stunt
a house falls on Keaton, but he isn't hurt, because he is standing exactly pilot Art Scholl was killed in an air crash. And in the 1995 film Vampire in
where an open w indow lands. It was a very dangerous stunt, however, Brooklyn, stuntwom an Sonya Davis died after falling from a high building.
and insurance companies soon started asking for stuntmen and women Many people criticised the film industry for her death. At the same tim e,
to take the place of the actors. computer-generated imaging (CGI) was developed so that film -m akers could
create amazing special effects in the film studio which were too dangerous
I B | | The stunt industry was at its best in the film s of the seventies and to film on location.
eighties. The brave (or mad!) stuntmen and women did more and more
amazing things. The James Bond film s were famous for stunts. In The Man ID I j Nowadays, most film s use both CGI and stunt work. And many actors
with the Golden Gun (1974), Bumps Willard, as James Bond, drives a car prefer to do their own stunts. For The Matrix (1999), Keanu Reeves trained
off a bridge and turns it over in the air. At the start of GoldenEye, Wayne for six months to do the amazing fight scenes. In the Bond film Quantum of
Michaels bungee-jumps 250 metres from the top of an enormous dam. Solace (2008), Daniel Craig jum ps o ff buildings onto moving buses. But who
He said he didn't know if it was possible until he tried! The stunts were often is the best stunt actor of all? Film critics say martial arts expert Jackie Chan,
shown in slow motion to make them seem even more fantastic. who has survived crazy stunts in over 100 films!

38 Unit 4 Lights, camera, action!

EXAM STRATEGY
If you do not know which multiple choice answer is
correct, first determine which of the answers are wrong.
If you still do not know, guess.

Read the exam strategy and choose the correct answers.

1 In the early days, actors stopped doing their own stunts
a because stuntmen and women started doing
them instead,
b because they were actors, not comedians,
c because actors didn’t think it was their job.
d because of the pressure from insurance companies.
2 The stunts in the 1970s and 1980s
a were only good because they were in slow motion,
b were mostly in Bond films,
c were the most impressive of all.
d were sometimes too dangerous to attempt.
3 In one Bond film, a stuntman
a refused to do a stunt because it was impossible,
b tried to do a stunt, but failed,
c wasn’t sure if a particular stunt was possible,
d thought he might die.
4 CGI stunts were developed
a to create spectacular but safe stunts in the studio,
b because people were critical of the film industry,
c because stuntmen and women refused to risk their
lives.
d because real stunts were too dangerous.
5 Modern actors
a prefer to use CGI for stunts,
b often like to perform their own stunts,
c don’t want CGI in their films,
d don’t do stunts on location.

VOCABULARY Complete the compound nouns and phrases

with the words below. Then check your answers in the text.

effects film industry location woman motion

scene studio
1 silent (paragraph A)
2 slow (paragraph B)
3 stunt (paragraph C)
4 film (paragraph C)
5 special fparagraph C)
6 film (paragraph C)
7 on (paragraph C)
8 fight (paragraph D)

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Do you think actors should

perform their own stunts? Why?/Why not? Use the ideas
below to help you.

Many stunts are too Stuntmen and women are

dangerous... specially trained t o ...

If stuntmen perform the stunts,

you never see the actor’s face.

Unit 4 ■ Lights, camera, action! 3

EVERYDAY ENGLISH B liy in g tic k e ts
I can buy tickets for a film or concert.

Work in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue, changing the

1 $ 2.10 Read and listen to the dialogue. Circle the showing
words in blue. Use information from the film guide.
that Nancy books on the film guide below.

Don’t be afraid to say you don’t understand something.

Use phrases such as:
щ Pardon?
Sorry, did you say (two tickets)?
яг Could you repeat that, please?
~4

Н р м ї* * - тШ ШЯЙк— і J 3 $ 2.11 p ro n u n c ia tio n Read the speaking strategy.

Й Н к' а р гП П Then listen and repeat the phrases. Find two of the phrases
in the dialogue in exercise 1.

4 $ 2.12 Listen to Jeremy booking tickets for a concert.

|p p J ІШ Ж ' |ч І І Complete the information for the tickets that he books.
r I S I \ N r ji 1 Date:____________February
Ш ІИ К З & Ц 2 Ticket price: £ ____________
3 Number of tic k e ts :____________
Assistant Good evening. How can 1help? 4 Total: £ ______ _____
Nancy I’d like to book three tickets for Eclipse, 5 Card num ber:____________
please. 6 Security c o d e : _________
Assistant Which showing? 7 Expiry d a te :____________
Nancy Pardon?
5 $2.12 Put the words in the correct order to make
Assistant Which showing would you like?
sentences from the dialogue. Listen and check.
Nancy The seven thirty, please.
Assistant I’ m afraid that showing is sold out. 1 the / thank / for / Apollo Theatre box office /
Nancy What about the ten thirty showing? calling / you
Assistant Yes, we have tickets for that. Adults or 2 I / can / tickets / Jason Mraz / on / book / 3rd February /
children? to see / ?
Nancy Two seventeen-year-olds and a 3 afraid / concert / I’ m / that / sold / out / is
thirteen-year-old. 4 please / tickets / I’d / three / £35 / at / like
Assistant Sorry, did you say one 5 would / how / to / you / pay / like / ?
seventeen-year-old? 6 have / I / number / can / card / your / please / ?
Nancy No, two seventeen-year-olds, and 7 security code / the / on / three-digit / the / back /
a thirteen-year-old. what’s / ?
Assistant OK. That’s two adults and one child. 8 put / I’ ll / tickets / your / the / in / today / post
That’ ll be £ 21 .
6 Work in pairs. Imagine you are booking tickets for a concert
Nancy OK. Here you are.
or a film. Prepare a dialogue including the information
Assistant £ 25 . Thank you. And £ 4 change.
below. Use the expressions in the strategy box.
____ /
• name of concert/date and time
MegaSCreen Cinemas Film Guide 22-29 January • number of tickets (adults or children?)
• tickets available or sold out?/ticket price?
Film Fri-Sat Tickets
• pay in cash (change?)/pay by credit card (credit card
Shrek Forever After 16.00 19.00 Adults: £7.50 number, security code, expiry date?)
Certificate U • post the tickets? (name and address)
Children (under 14),
Robin Hood 18.00 20.30 23.00 OAPs, Students: £6
7 Practise your dialogue. Try to memorise it.
Certificate PG
Box Office tel: Then act out your dialogue to the class.
Eclipse 16.30 19.30 22.30 01548 469644
Certificate 12 Book online at
www.msc.co.uk

40 Unit 4 ■ Lights, camera, action!

A film review
G w r it in g

I can write a review of a film.

Work in pairs. What’s the last film you saw in Complete these phrases from the review in exercise 2.
t r e : lem a or on DVD? Did you enjoy it? Why? / Why not? 1 The film ______Simon Pegg and ...
Tt* /our partner. 2 It’s th e ______of two friends ...
3 The film is really______the relationship between ...
! the film review and match four of these headings to 4 In m y______, this is a fast-moving and gripping film
f- e -'our paragraphs (1-4). There are two extra headings 5 , it’s a really enjoyable comedy.
— r you do not need.
Write five sentences about the film you talked about in
I O&a'acters Plot summary Special effects and stunts
exercise 1. Use phrases from exercise 4.
^ ■ a s ic information Overall opinion Music and songs
The film stars Tobnn'f De-pp.

6 Read the w riting strategy. Find two examples of however

and two examples of although in the review in exercise 2 .

We use however to express contrast between two

sentences. We usually put a comma after it.
% It isn’t a very long film. However, the p lo t is complicated.
We use although to express contrast between two pieces
of information in the same sentence.
Although it’s a children’s film, the ending is quite sad.

fi review of P aul by Carla Spence

Last week, I watched Paul on DVD. It’s a 7 Complete the sentences with however or although.
science fictio n film which is also a comedy. Add commas where necessary.
The film stars Simon Pegg and Nick Frost, 1 The film wasn’t very funny,______it was supposed
tw o British actors. to be a comedy.
It’s th e sto ry o f tw o friends, Graeme and Clive,
2 it was slow, the film was quite gripping.
who are on holiday in the US. They are science
3 Jaws is one of Spielberg’s first film s----------- it’s one
fic tio n fans and th ey are visiting all th e places
th a t they know about from their science fictio n of his best.
magazines. Near Area 51, th ey m eet an alien 4 there are some good scenes in the film, overall
called Paul. Paul is running away from th e FBI. I didn’t enjoy it.
He asks Graeme and Clive to help him escape 5 The story was good. ______I didn’t like the music.
and th ey agree. 6 I really enjoyed the film . __ ___ my best friend hated it.
The characters o f Graeme and Clive are 7 The special effects were very u nco nvincin g,_____ they
interesting because th ey change during the
spent millions of dollars on them.
film . At th e sta rt, th e y ’re quiet and shy.
8 I found the plot really exciting,_____ I guessed
However, during th e ir adventures they become
brave, loyal and strong. The film is really about the ending.
th e relationship between Graeme, Clive and
Paul, although there is also a love story. 8 Write a film review of a film you saw recently. Include this
In my opinion, this is a fast-m oving and gripping information:
film, although it’s also a comedy. The special • basic facts (name of film, actors, genre, etc.)
e ffe c ts are fantastic. However, th e best thing • what the story is about
about the film is the acting. Overall, it’s a really
• what you thought of one or two aspects (characters,
enjoyable comedy.
special effects, music, dialogue, etc.)
• your overall opinion of the film

read the film review again and decide if these sentences

CHECK YOUR WORK
are true or false.
Have you:
1 The main actors in the film are British.
followed the task in exercise 8 ?
2 ‘Paul’ is both the name of the film and the name B used however and although to express contrast?
of a character.
3 There’s no love story in the film.
checked your spelling and grammar?
4 Carla didn’t really enjoy the film.

Unit 4 * In the spotlight 41

Unit 3 Unit 4
Complete the missing words. 6 Complete the sentences w ith the types of film below.
1 A p- is where you walk, at the side of the road. action films comedies historical dramas musicals
2 A b_ J s a large building where farmers keep animals. romantic comedies science fiction films
3 Ab_ is a very large board in the street, with an
1 are films with a lot of songs and music,
advertisement.
2 are funny films with lots of jokes,
4 Ac_ is a small house in the country.
3 are films about people in the past.
5 A p______c______ is a place to cross the road safely.
4 . are love stories that are also funny,
6 A s_ is a very small, narrow river.
5 often have exciting car chases and fights,
Mark: _ /6 6 often show aliens and the future.
Mark: /6
Put the words in order to make directions.
1 go / on / straight 7 Complete the adjectives that describe films.
2 the / to / of / lane / walk / end / the
1 sp _ ct _ c _ I _ r A pr_d_ct_bl
3 into / turn / lane / the / right 2 _ nt _ rt _ _ n _ ng 5 m_v_ng
4 along / road / this / go 3 s r ___ s 6 v __ 1 nt
5 first / the / take / right
Mark: /6
6 your / go / gate / the / on / left / through
Mark: /6
8 Complete the sentences. Use the comparative or
superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
3 Choose the correct words.
That’s comedy I’ve ever seen! (funny)
There are 'a lot of / a little shops in the town centre, and The book is u s u a l l y ____than the film, (good)
2a few / a little cafés. There isn’t 3much / many pollution What’s ___ film you’ve ever seen? (moving)
because there aren’t 4some / any cars. There are 5some / Who is ______, Rihanna or Madonna? (beautiful)
any modern buildings, but not 6much / many old ones. Britney Spears is a ___ actress than Madonna, (bad)
Mark: /6 Who is _____ actor in the world? (good-looking)
The USA has got _ film industry in the world, (big)
4 Complete the sentences with a/an, the or - (nothing). 8 Horror films are _ . than war films, (scary)

I don’t lik e ___ traffic. Mark: /8

I can se e _____ sea from my house.
My mum’s __ actress. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
I live in a village. _village is very quiet.
My dad isn’t as impatient as my mum. (more ... than)
There’s _____ telegraph pole outside our house.
dad is more- patient than mum.
Newcastle is in . north of England.
1 She’s too young to go into a bar. (enough)
Mark: /6 It’s funny. His other films were funny too. (as ... as)
I need more money to buy that DVD. (haven’t / enough)
Complete the phrases for describing photos with the words Towns are noisier than villages, (not as / quiet)
below. You aren’t tall enough to reach that shelf, (too / short)

imagine in looks of on shows Mark: /5

I’d ____
the foreground in front _ . the ... 10 Complete the dialogue with the words below.

the left I t . ....... like ... afraid book help showing sorry

Mark: __ / 6 Assistant Good evening. How can 11_____ '

Sam I’d like to 2__ tickets for the 7.30
j Total:| of Avatar, please.
Assistant ’m _ _ it’s sold out.
Sam 5_____ , did you say it’s sold out?
Assistant Yes, but we have tickets for 9.30.
Mark: /5

Total: /30
42 Language Review 3-4
3 Are the sentences true or false?
: 's the biggest town or city you know? Do you enjoy 1 You can watch rugby at the Elland Road Stadium.
; in a big city? Why?/Why not? 2 Children do not have to pay to watch horse racing at
Wetherby Racecourse.
3 You can visit Harewood House all year round.
4 Lily Allen performed at the 02 Academy in Leeds.
• you are visiting Leeds for a weekend. Read the text 5 The Leeds Film Festival is the biggest in the UK.
the names of the places in the photos. 6 You can have your drinks on a boat at Shaky Jakes.
7 Restaurants in Leeds offer a wide range of British and
ethnic food.

OVE LEEDS Listening

Sports lovers 4 ^ 2 . 1 3 Listen to Anna, Dani and Jack. How does Anna feel
; V s are spoilt for choice in Leeds. Watch Leeds United play
at the end of the scene? Choose the best adjective.
s r . " 5 E and Road Stadium, or see the Leeds Rhinos play angry bored embarrassed excited happy shocked
TEr-ational cricket matches take place regularly at Headingley,
s at Aetherby Racecourse, under-16s can watch top-quality 5 $ 2.13 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the
= -acng for free. correct name: Anna, Jack or Dani.

2 History lovers 1 gives Anna the programme for the film festival.
: .eeds are surrounded by history. For example, Harewood 2 ..... . has a car and can drive them all to Leeds.
; a .'.cnderful historic building with beautiful gardens. It is still the 3 chooses the film.
■ : -■= cf the Earl of Harewood, although it is also open to visitors 4 chooses a CD to listen to in the car.
■ w a x Apr and November. And history comes to life at the Royal 5 _ thinks the animated film might be OK.
iB m x re s Museum, where they put on shows of medieval combat in full 6 wants to leave immediately.
7 says sorry to the others.

3 Culture lovers Speaking

_=s£s s ;3~xxjs for its live music and has one of the best venues in
fre J C r e 02 Academy. Many top bands perform here. Recent acts
6 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
x u x . •. Allen. Kaiser Chiefs, Elbow and Duffy. For fans of dance, 1 What is your favourite kind of film? Are there any kinds
f e ? s r e Northern Ballet Theatre, one of the most important classical of film you dislike?
a r c s : : npanies in Britain. And every year, Leeds is home to the 2 What was the last film you saw?
r c c e r * ~ *estival in the UK outside London. Sixteen different cinemas 3 Did you enjoy it? Why?/Why not?
stxtc r e city show more than 300 new films. 4 Did you watch it on TV, DVD or at the cinema?

- Food lovers Writing

• every meal offers the chance of a new experience. Choose
f o r :v=r 200 flavours of milkshake at Shaky Jakes, or book a table 7 Write a message for an Internet discussion board about
t r j r r e - on the Black Prince, a riverboat, and explore the waters of films. Using your ideas from exercise 6 to help you, write
f e V e . a iey while you eat! Whether you are looking for a fancy ten- about a film you like and explain:
: . “ ■t ~ea . an authentic Indian curry, or traditional fish and chips, • what the film is called and which actors are in it.
cs "as it all. • what kind of film it is (thriller, horror film, etc.).
is about.
THIS UNIT INCLUDES

P U Shopping
Vocabulary ■ shops ■ verbs: shopping and money ■ special occasions
Grammar ■ present perfect ■ been and gone « present perfect and past simple
■ How long...? ■ for and since
Speaking ■ giving and receiving gifts ■ buying clothes
W riting ■ a formal letter

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING At the ShOpS

I can identify different shops and what they sell.

1 B it im ild Look at the photos. Imagine you have got €250 to spend in one shop only.
Choose a shop and explain why you rejected the other two options.

6 $ 2 .1 5 Listen again. Which sentence do you hear: a or b?

Dialogue 1: 1 a Can 1get a refund?

b Can 1get my money back? [
□
tmnrjHiiEETI Work in pairs. Where would you buy these
2 a I’ ll buy it. □
things? Match each item (1-12 ) w ith a shop from the list
below.
b I’ ll have it. □
1 apples 5 a magazine 9 a ring Dialogue 2: 3 a It’s a present. □
2 bread 6 medicine 10 sausages b It’s a gift. □
3 a DVD 7 paint 11 a tree 4 a I’ll look in another shop. □
4 a flat or a house 8 a pencil 12 a fridge b I’ ll try somewhere else. □
Shops baker’s butcher’s chemist’s DIY store
Dialogue 3: 5 a What’s the price? □
electrical store entertainment store
estate agent’s garden centre greengrocer’s
b How much is it? □
jeweller’s newsagent’s stationer’s 6 a Is there anything else? □
3 $ 2.14 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen, repeat and check.
b Is that all for today? □
7 IMJJMM'ti
SPEAKI NG Play a memory game in class. Each student adds
4 Work in pairs. Think of one or two things you can buy at one shop and one item.
each shop in the list below.
I went to the baker’s I went to the baker’s
bookshop card shop clothes shop computer shop
for some bread. for some bread and the
mobile phone store sports shop toyshop
entertainment store for a CD.
E2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l ) : PAGE 128 <21
I went to the baker’s for some
$ 2.15 Listen to three dialogues and answer these three bread, the entertainment store for a
questions about each customer. CD and the jeweller’s for a watch.
1 Which shop from exercise 2 is the customer in?
2 What does the customer want to buy?
3 Has the shop got what the customer wants? E > VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 128 <21

44 Unit 5 * Shopping
GRAMMAR Present perfect
I can talk about recent events.

1 the email. Has Alice bought a present for:

a her mum? b herself? c Kayla? d Joe?

■ Inbox
- i Kayla
• r v i oeen in Manchester since 9.30 this morning. We’ve
been : o every shoe shop in the city and Mum has tried on a
r ....: n pairs of shoes, but she hasn’t bought any.
been here in this café for an hour. Mum has gone to the
clothes shop opposite. She hasn't stopped shopping since
■ i here, but I’ve had enough!
IVe r : ught a present for you - it ’s a surprise!
Lees of love In Alice’s email, find examples of (a) been to, (b) gone to
JÜÈCX and (c) been as the past participle of be.
K Has Joe asked for my email address?
LOOK OUT gone and been
the email again. Complete the examples in the table. The verb go has two past participles: gone and been.
We use gone when somebody has gone away and not
returned.
David isn’t here. He’s gone to the shops.
We use been when somebody has gone and returned.
The fridge is fu ll o f food. Mum has been to the shops.
Note: been is also the past participle of be.

6 Read the Learn this! box. Complete the sentences with fo r

or since. Write similar sentences about yourself.
Joe for my email address? I haven’t seen my best frie n d _________six months.
I’ve been at this school_________2011.
fesd the Learn this! box. Underline more examples of the
I’ve been in this room _____ half an hour.
: esent perfect in the email. Which use do they show?
I haven’t eaten_________7.30 this morning.
¥.e _se the present perfect I’ve known my best friend 2008.
1 to talk about recent events and to give news. I’ve lived in this to w n ____ . ten years.
Have you heard? Sally’s passed her driving test.
2 with fo r or since to say how long a situation has existed. We use How long ... ? to ask about the length of time
Ye had this watch since Christmas. of a current situation.
How long have you been here?
We use fo r when the answer is a period of time.
t # 2.16 Complete the phone conversation. Use the I ’ve been here for 45 minutes.
nresent perfect form of the verbs in brackets. You can check We use since when the answer is a point in time.
:he forms on page 1 1 3 . Then listen and check. I’ve been here since 2.30.
Mum Hi Alice.1________ (you / leave) the café?
Alice No, I’ m still here. 12» GRAMMAR BUILDER 5B (EXS 3 -5 ): PAGE 112 <21
Vum I 2________ (finish) in the shop now.
Alice 3________ (you / buy) anything? SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with
Mum 14________ (find) a few little things. 15_________ How long ... ? and fo r or since. Use the phrases below.
(not spend) much money. Are you bored?
A.ice No, I’ m fine. 16________ (send) a few emails. have a mobile phone? have those shoes?
Mum Let’s have lunch. 17________ (not eat) since six be at this school? know me?
o’clock this morning.
Alice 18________ (have) lunch. Sorry, I couldn’t wait! How long have you had Since 2 0 0 9 . /
a mobile phone? For three years.
EE> GRAMMAR BUILDER 5B (EXS 1 -2 ): PAGE 112 <S3

Unit 5 • Shopping 45
CULTURE S t r e e t l i f e
I can talk about a fam ous shopping and entertainm ent district.

The one and only ... IA | | F low ers, f r u i t a nd vegetables

In the 17th century, Covent Garden was the biggest and most

C ovent
im p o rta n t flower, fr u it and vegetable m arket in Britain.
It was also one o f the firs t markets to sta rt selling pineapples and
fo r this reason, the pineapple became the m arket’s logo. Today,
there is no longer a fr u it and vegetable m arket at Covent Garden,

G arden!
but you can s till see pineapples as p a rt o f the architecture.

I B | | E a tin g a nd d r in k in g
Around 1700 , workers at the m arket often w ent to a pub called the
Lamb and Flag to d rin k beer or gin after work. (It wasn’t safe to
d rin k water!) They sometimes saw illegal boxing matches there, an
fo r th a t reason, the pub’s nickname was the ‘Bucket o f Blood’! The
pub is s till open today. The oldest restaurant in London, Rules, is ii
Covent Garden. I t has been open since 1798 and serves traditional
English food, including pies and puddings.

I C | [ E n te rta in m e n t a nd s h o p p in g
Covent Garden is the only venue in London where buskers and
other street performers are allowed to work. A lo t o f people w ant t
perform there, so there are auditions and only the best artists can
perform . Bon Jovi once busked there in fro n t o f a very surprised
audience! In fact, i f you w ant to spot a celebrity, Covent Garden is ;
good place to start. Singer Lily A llen owns a clothes shop there, an<
if you can’t afford the outfits, you can hire them ju st fo r a n ig h t ou

SPEAKING Look at the photos o f the to u ris t area Covent

Garden in London. W hat do you know about th is place?
W hat can you guess from the photos? 5 $ 2.18 Listen to five announcem ents. W hat is th e ir main
purpose? Choose a, b or c.
2 $ 2 . 1 7 Read the text. Match the photos (1 -3 ) with the a to advertise som ething c to give a w arning
paragraphs (A-C). b to give advice

3 Read the text again. Answer the questions. 6 $ 2.18 Listen again. Are the sentences true or false?
1 Why did the pineapple become the logo o f Covent Correct the false sentences.
Garden? A nnouncem ent 1
2 Why did workers at Covent Garden not d rink water? You have to send your com petition entry by email.
3 What was the nicknam e o f the Lamb and Flag pub? Why? A nnouncem ent 2
4 When did the oldest restaurant in London open? You m ust contact the organisers im m ediately if you w ant to
5 How many places are there in London where people are take part in the auditions.
allowed to perform in the streets?
A nnouncem ent 3
6 What can you do if the o u tfits in Lily Allen’s shop are too
If you hire two item s from Lucy in Disguise during the sale,
expensive for you to buy?
you only pay for one o f them .
4 im icv.H iftE n Find these words in paragraph C of the text. A nnouncem ent 4
Match them with the definitions below. All rooms at the Tavistock Hotel cost between £ 1 50 and
£200 a night.
a rtis t audience a u d itio n busk busker venue
A nnouncem ent 5
1 : to play a m usical instrum ent a n d /o r sing in
There is at least one performance o f The Lion King at the
public for m o n e y ;______ : som ebody who does this
Lyceum Theatre every day o f the week.
2 : a group o f people w atching entertainm ent
together 7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
3 : a performance in front o f judges, to see if you
1 Imagine you are spending an afternoon in Covent Garden.
are good enough to perform
W hat activities would you like to do?
4 : a place for performances
2 Is there a sim ila r place in your town? What can you
5 : an entertainer or perform er o f some kind
do there?
it 6 Unit 5 * Shopping
g ra m m a r Present perfect and past simple
I can talk about past experiences and when they happened.

$ 2.1 9 Read and listen to the dialogue. Are the LOOK OUT! Present perfect and past simple
sentences true or false? We often use the present perfect to ask and answer
1 Both Joe and Eva have been to London. questions ab o u t an experience, and then the past sim ple
2 Both Joe and Eva have bought som ething from Harrods. to give more in form ation about a specific occasion.
‘Have you ever been windsurfing?’
‘Yes, I have. I went windsurfing on holiday last summ er.’

Read the Look out! box. Then complete each dialogue with
the present perfect + ever, and the past simple. Use the
verbs in brackets.
1 A Have- >(0U ever written a letter to a fam ous person?
(write)
B Yes, I have. I wrote to Fergie from the Black Eyed Peas
last year, but she d id n ’t reply.
2 A ____a piece of jew ellery in the street? (find)
B Yes, I have. I o n c e ______ a ring on the pavement.
Joe Have you ever shopped at Harrods? 3 A __ ___ a Ben Stiller film ? (see)
Eva Yes, I have. I w ent there w ith my dad last year. It’ s B Yes, I have. I _____ Zoolander a few weeks ago.
great. Have you been there? 4 A _____ sheep’s milk? (drink)
□e No, I haven’t. B Yes, I have. I ______ some in Greece last year.
Eva We w ent shopping in Covent Garden too. 5 A _____ an im portant event or arrangement? (forget)
Joe Lucky you! I’ve never visited London. But I’ve B Yes, I have. I ______ my English exam last year.
shopped at Harrods online. 6 A _____ in a show? (take part)
Eva Really? What did you buy?
B Yes, I have. I ___ in the school play last year.
oe I bought some tea fo r my grandm a. It was really
E > GRAMMAR BUILDER 5D: PAGE 112 <S3
expensive, but she loved it.

6 Complete the questions with the past participle of the

?ead the dialogue again. W hich tense are each o f the verbs
verbs below.
in Dlue: present perfect or past simple?
buy forget leave m eet pay take part w rite
3ead the Learn this! box. Why are some verbs in the dialogue
in the past sim ple and some in the present perfect? Have you e v e r...
1 ta te n p a rt . in an online auction?
1 We use the present perfect to ta lk about an 2 . to dow nload a song?
experience at any tim e in the past. The exact tim e o f
3 . a present and then kept it for yourself?
the experience isn’t im portant.
4 . a British person?
I’ve seen the latest Megan Fox film.
Have you ever been to Spain? 5 . to do your homework?
I We use the past sim ple to ta lk about a specific 6 _a letter o f com plaint to a shop?
occasion in the past. 7 . a shop w ith o u t paying for something?
I saw the latest Jim Carrey film last night.
Did you go to Spain last summer?
SPEAKING W ork in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
If you answer yes, give more in form ation using the past
Choose the correct tenses.
sim ple.
1 I’ve bou ght / 1 bo ught this coat yesterday. Do you like it?
2 Oh no. Where’s my phone? I’ve lo s t / I lo s t it! Have you ever Yes, I have. I bo u g h t a com puter
3 Shakira writes good songs, but she’s w ritte n / she w rote game on eBay last m onth. What
taken part in an
a few bad ones too!
online auction? about you? Have you ever taken
4 It was my birthday last month and my parents have given /
part in an online auction?
gave me a digital camera.
5 I love skiing, but I haven’t trie d / d id n ’t try snowboarding.
6 Zac Efron is her favourite actor. She’ s seen / She saw all
his film s.
Unit 5 * Shopping W1
r e a d in g Bids to become famous
I can understand an article about online auctions.

2
Do you know what eBay is? Have you or a family
member ever used it? Do you know any other auction sites?

^2 .2 0 Read the three texts. Are the sentences true

S A Lif«*orsale
Ian Usher, a B ritish m an living in A u stra lia , w as
or false?
u n h a p p y w ith his life. He d e cid e d th a t he w a nted a
A Ian Usher’s auction on eBay d id n ’t attract much new s ta rt - but ho w ? T h e n he had an idea. H e put his
attention.
w h o le life up fo r s a le on th e o n lin e a u ctio n site eBay.
B The people o f A lbert were pleased when the town was
T h e sa le in clu d e d his th re e -b e d ro o m h o u se and all its
sold.
C The police know who put the money in the box. co n te n ts, his c a r and his je t ski. It even in clu d e d his
jo b and in tro d u c tio n s to his frie n d s . T h e a u ctio n began
EXAM STRATEGY and a ttra c te d 1.75 m illion v is its in th e firs t fe w hours.
If the text contains a word you do not know, try to guess E ventually, the b id s re a ch e d n e a rly 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 A u stra lia n
its m eaning from the context (surrounding words). Ask d o lla rs (£192,000). M r U sh e r w a s d isa p p o in te d w ith the
yourself: w hat part o f speech is it? W hat does the rest of price, but he a cce p te d it. He m oved o u t o f his hom e,
the sentence mean? and sta rte d his new life. He used the m o n e y from
his sa le to a ch ie ve his 100 to p a m b itio n s - all in 100
3 Read the exam strategy and look at the highlighted words w e e ks! T h e s e in clu d e d sw im m in g w ith s h a rks o ff the
in the text. What part of speech is each word? Choose from: c o a s t o f Japan, riding an o s tric h in S outh A frica , and
singular noun, plural noun or verb.
ge ttin g a p a rt in a H o llyw o o d m ovie.

4 Now look at the rest of the sentence around

the highlighted words. Use the context to help you to

Atowif?!!?'
match the words w ith the definitions below.
1
2
____ are offers o f money at an auction.
means using announcem ents a n d /o r pictures
e A lb e rt
to make people w ant to buy things.
3 If som ething is f o r _________ , you can buy it.
4 ____ are paper money. In 2007, an u n u su a l item w a s put up fo r sale on eB ay:
5 T o _________ som ething means to buy it. a to w n ca lle d A lb e rt. T h e to w n is in G ille sp ie C o u n ty
6 are things th a t you have bought. in Texas, a b o u t 100 km a w a y fro m th e c ity o f San
7 A _________ is a good price for som ething. A n to n io . T h e re ’s a s ch o o l th e re , a d a n ce hall and a bar.
T h e re are also p e a ch and pe ca n o rch a rd s. In the end,
5 Read the text again. Choose the correct answers.
a b u y e r from Italy paid a b o u t $3 m illion fo r th e tow n.
1 Ian Usher wanted to sett everything so he could
W e d o n ’t kn o w w h y he o r sh e w a n te d to p urch ase
a move to Australia.
it. W h a t do the p e o p le w h o live in A lb e rt th in k o f th e
b become an actor,
sale? T h e a n s w e r is: nothing. N o b o d y has lived in the
c make a fresh start in life,
to w n fo r ye a rs! T h e m ain aim o f th e sa le w a s to cre ate
d make new friends.
2 Mr Usher th ough t the money he received was lots o f fre e a d ve rtisin g fo r th e s e lle r - in th is case, an
a much more than he expected. e sta te agent.
b not enough to achieve his am bitions,
c not acceptable,
d not as much as he expected.
3 The town o f A lbert is 5 When the boy opened the box,
a in San Antonio. a he knew why it contained the money,
b in Gillespie County, b the goods w eren’t in it.
c about 100 km outside Texas, c his parents to o k it from him.
d about 100 km outside Gillespie County. d some o f the things he ordered were missing.
4 The real reason for selling the town on eBay was 6 The boy can apply to keep the money if
a the seller wanted to be in the news. a he promises not to use it for crime.
b nobody lived in the town, b he can find out where it came from,
c the seller w anted to be an estate agent, c the governm ent decides th a t he needs it.
d the seller wanted to move to Italy. d nobody can find out where it came from.

48 Unit 5 ■ Shopping
L jJ O D O C K W o r t h 0 ©

Abilene0 0
What bargain! Alpine T E X A S Waco
i% ~en a B ritish 1 6 -yea r-o ld paid £ 9 5 on e B a y fo r a
se co n d -h a n d P layS tatio n 2 co n s o le and tw o gam es,
ne .vasn’t sure if it w a s a b argain. B ut w h e n th e g o o d s
a " .e d and he ope n e d th e box, the c o n s o le w a s th e re A nton io
the g a m e s w e re n ’t. Instead, th e re w a s € 6 5 ,4 0 0 in
r s - k n o te s ! T he boy, w h o has not given his nam e, w a s
i~ ia z e d . He told his parents, and th e y ga ve th e m o n e y
: : :he police, w h o bega n an in ve stig a tio n . So far, th e y
• aven’t fo u n d o u t w h o th e ca sh b e lo n g s to o r how it
nto th e box. So w h a t h a p p e n s to th e m o n e y? T h a t
zese nds. If th e p o lice d is c o v e r th a t th e m o n e y ca m e
- c m crim e, it b e lo n g s to th e g o ve rn m e n t. B ut if n o b o d y
zan prove w h e re it’s fro m , th e boy and his fa m ily can
y to keep it!

6 k!J*.i:<i:[n Work in pairs. Do you agree or disagree with the

opinions below? Discuss your ideas. Then share them with
the class.
1 It’ s dangerous to buy things online because you can’t see
w hat you’ re getting.
2 There are some things th a t you sh o u ld n ’t be allowed to
sell on online auction sites.
3 Selling things online is the easiest way to make money
w ith o u t working.

Unit 5 * Shopping 49
e v e ry d a y E n g lis h Making a complaint
I can complain in a shop.

Describe the picture below. Then ask and answer the 4 VOCABULARY C om plete the firs t colum n o f th e chart w ith
questions in pairs. the item s below.
1 What do you th in k the custom er is saying? a DVD a jacket a television
2 What do you th in k the assistant is saying?
3 Have you ever taken anything back to a shop? Why? Item Possible problems
1 The zip / A button has come off.
$ 2.21 Read and listen to the dialogue. Answer
There’s a hole in it.
the questions.
2 It’s scratched. / It sticks. / It jum ps.
1 Why is Kylie complaining?
2 Is her com plaint successful? 3 ............... The p ictu re /so u n d isn’t right.
The screen is scratched.

SPEAKING W ork in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue in

exercise 2, changing the w ords in blue. Use d iffe re n t item s
and problem s from the chart in exercise 4.

6 $ 2 .2 3 Listen to tw o custom ers com plaining. Complete

the chart.

Shop Item Problem

w rong colour

stopped w orking

$ 2 .2 3 Complete the sentences (1 -6 ) w ith the words

below. Then listen to the dialogues again and check your
answers.

back enough exchange speak receipt refunds

I w ant t o . _____ it.

I haven’t got th e .
Can I _____ . to the manager, please?
I w ant my money
We don’t g iv e ___
That’s not good _

A ssista n t Can I help you?

Kylie Yes. There’ s a problem w ith th is top. Useful phrases and expressions for conversation can
A ssista n t Oh, OK. When did you buy it? be found in the Functions Bank at the back o f the
Kylie Last weekend. W orkbook.
A ssista n t And w h a t’ s w rong w ith it?
Kylie The zip has come off. 8 Read th e speaking strategy. Then w ork in pairs and prepare
A ssista n t Oh dear! a dialogue fo llo w in g the in stru ctio n s below.
Kylie I’ve only worn it once!
S tu d e n t A: You are a shop assistant.
A ssista n t Hmm. I see.
S tu d e n t B: You are a custom er m aking a com plaint.
Kylie I’ve got the receipt. Can I have my money
• What has the custom er bought?
back?
• When did they buy it?
A ssista n t Well, OK.
• What is wrong w ith it?
Kylie Thank you.
• Outcome: refund/exchange/repair?

SPEAKING Act out your dialogue to th e class.

3 2.2 2 PRONUNCIATION Listen and repeat fo u r o f Kylie’s
sentences from th e dialogue. Try to copy the into n a tio n .

50 Unit 5 ■ Shopping
w r it in g a formal letter
I can write a form al letter o f complaint.

»ead the letters. Why did O liver Brown and Tracey S w ift
Work in pairs. S tudent A: Look at the firs t le tte r only and
- ' :e to Talkback Phones and Jewellery Online?
answer questions 1 -6 . S tudent B: Look at the second le tte r
o n ly and answer questions 1 -6 .
1 What did the w riter buy?
edar Avenue
Cambridge CM13 7TY 2 Where did h e /sh e buy it?
.4th January 2012 3 When did h e /sh e buy it?
4 What is the problem w ith it?
Customer Services D epartm ent
5 Does he/she send it back?
Talkback Phones
6 What does he/she w ant the company to do?
London E19 7PP

Dear Sir or Madam, :: Find out about your partner’s letter. Ask and
, am w ritin g to report a fa u lt w ith the phone^that I answer the questions from exercise 2.
bouoht from your shop in Cambridge on 28th Decembe
I, works fine when I make calls, b u t when I tr y to take Read the w ritin g strategy. Then circle examples o f rules 1 -4
in the letters.
l o S T i . does „ 0 . work. The photos are all very dark
and you can't see any o f the people in them .
WRITING STRATEGY
; 1 am re tu rn in g the phone to you w ith th 's le tte r
,o u ld be «rateful i f you could repair the fa u lt or se A form al le tte r
r « n e w phone. AS you w ill understand, no. h a .rng a 1 After w ritin g your address, add the date in full.
phone is extremely annoying, so I would1 apprecia 2 If you do not know the name o f the recipient,
i f you could deal w ith th is m atter im mediately. start w ith Dear Sir or Madam, and finish with the
1 look forward to hearing from you. expression Yours faithfully.
3 Ify o u know the recipient’ s name, start the letter with
Yours fa ith fu lly
the expression Dear M r/M rs X, and finish w ith the
O liv e r & t-o u jn expression Yours sincerely.
O liver Brown 4 Write your fu ll name.
5 Use expressions common for formal letters.
6 Do not use sh o rt forms.

2 C lanfield Rd
Bradford BD12 4FG Translate these phrases into your own language.
. , 3rd February 2012
Keith Black I am writing to ...
|e» ellery O nline I am retu rning ... with this letter.
Manchester M5 5HJ I would be grateful ifyo u co u ld ...
r-ear M r Black, Could you ple ase ...
am w ritin g to com plain about a rin g th a t I bought I look forward to hearing from you.
b a week fro m your website, Jewellery O nline. It is the I am enclosing ... fo r your reference.
- - it tim e I have bought jew ellery fro m your company I would appreciate it ify o u co u ld ...
and I m ust say, it has n o t been a positive experience.
On vour website, the p ictu re clearly showed a gold rin g 6 Im agine you have bought so m e th in g fa ulty. W rite a form al
-•dth a red stone. But w hen it arrived, it was silver w ith le tte r o f com plaint (1 2 0 -1 5 0 words) to th e shop or w ebsite.
a green stone. This is sim ply n o t acceptable. Follow rules 2 - 6 in exercise 4 and th is w ritin g plan:
am enclosing the rin g and a copy o f the receipt for • In tro d u c tio n : Say w hat the item is, and where and
1 our reference. Could you please refund m y money as when you bought it.
soon as possible? I am n o t interested in exchanging the
• M ain body: Explain in detail w hat the problem is.
rin g because I have already found w hat I w ant on
• Conclusion: Tell the company you are returning the item.
another website.
Ask them to repair it, exchange it or refund your money.
look forw ard to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely CHECK YOUR WORK
Tracc'j “DViift Have you:

Tracey S w ift included the inform ation in the task in exercise 6?

follow ed the form al letter rules 2 - 6 in exercise 4?
w ritten 1 2 0 -1 5 0 words?
checked your spelling and grammar?

Unit 5 ■ Shopping 51
Get Ready for your Exam

Listening 5 The last tim e I saw Fred was tw o days ago. (for)
1 ic n r a r n p n n fla W ork in pairs. Ask and answ er the I _________________________tw o days.
questions. 6 A ntonio came to London in 2009. (been)
A n to n io _________________________since 2009.
1 Do you like ballet? W hy?/W hy not?
2 What o ther sorts o f performances do you enjoy watching?
Speaking
2 Do the exam task. Match the words w ith th e photos. You
LISTENING exam task can match some w ords w ith both photos.

$ 2.2 4 You w ill hear an in te rvie w w ith a dancer called m icrophone stage costum e g u ita r old-fashioned
Fernando Dias. Choose the best answer, A, B or C. audience voice singer modern classical musician

1 Fernando was born in

A Florida.
B Cuba.
C Birm ingham.
2 When did he decide to become a dancer?
A When he was a teenager.
B When he saw his uncle dancing.
C When he was s till a child.
3 Which o f these statem ents about Carlos Acosta is false?
A He came from a large family.
B He w ent to a ballet school.
C He d id n ’t like playing football.
4 Carlos’ s story inspired Fernando because
A they both had sim ila r childhoods.
B Carlos had a successful career even though he
was born poor.
C Fernando’s father was also worried about his
son’ s future.
5 What does Fernando believe about talent?
A To be successful, tale n t m ust be com bined w ith
hard work.
B Talented people w ill be successful.
C To be successful, you have to start your career as
early as possible.

Use of English 5 W ork in pairs. T hink o f some s im ila ritie s and some
differences between the photos. Use these phrases
3 Do th e exam task.
to help you.
USE OF ENGLISH exam task
Both photos s h o w ...
Rewrite th e sentences, keeping the m eaning the same. In the firs t photo I can see ..., but in the second photo ...
Use tw o to five w ords in clu d in g th e word in brackets.
1 This pizza is very hot. I can’t eat it. (too) 6 Do the exam task.
This p iz z a _________________________eat.
SPEAKING exam task
2 No boy in the class is as tall as John, (tallest)
J o h n ________________________ the class. Compare and contrast the tw o photos. Answer the
3 Liam doesn’t drive as w ell as Peter, (driver) questions about the photos.
Peter is _________________________Liam. 1 How are the performances different?
4 Kate is more in te llig e n t than Jasmine, (as) 2 W hat sort o f audience do you th in k would listen to
Jasmine _____________________ as Kate. these types o f music?
3 Which o f the tw o w ould you prefer to go to? Why?

Get Ready fo r your Exam 3

îding
1 This place offers an alternative fo r rainy days.
Match the a ctivitie s w ith the types of
holidays. Some activities match more than one holiday. 2 This is a holiday for people o f sim ila r ages.

zeach holiday trekking 3 People w ith children w ill enjoy th is place.

spa holiday sunbathing
4 People who don’t like staying in one place
activity holiday sw im m ing
w ill like this holiday.
w alking holiday paragliding
:'ty holiday sightseeing 5 This is a holiday for people who like exotic
w indsurfing surroundings.
relaxing in a sauna
6 This place offers a w ide range o f activities for
teenagers.
8 Which so rt o f holiday w ould you like best? Why?
7 This deal is for people who don’t have tim e
9 I : the exam task. for a long holiday.

READING exam task 8 On this holiday, you w ill need to pay for
dinner in a restaurant.
=!ead the holiday adverts. Match the sentences (1 -8 )
* :h the holiday adverts (A-E). W rite A, B, C, D and E
n the table. Each le tte r can be used more than once. Speaking
A Relax on a remote tropical island! Come to the 10 Ш«іЯІІBid и Л "J W ork in pairs. Ask and answer
Maldives in the Indian Ocean. Enjoy w in d su rfin g on th e questions.
~ e crystal-clear water. Eat under the palm trees w hile 1 Do you like shopping? Why?/Why not?
: : king at the beautiful blue ocean. Travel in January or 2 What sorts o f th in g do people com plain about in shops
r e3ruary for under £1,000 per person. and restaurants?
3 Have you ever com plained in a shop or restaurant,
_B_ Try a sum m er holiday in the m ountains. If you enjoy
or have you seen someone else com plaining? What was
•B ikin g , how about trekking in the French Alps? A guided
the com plaint about?
»•a king holiday is £595 per person per w eek fo r groups
:• cDur, stopping at a different typical French hostel every 11 $ 2.25 Read the speaking exam ta sk in exercise 13 and
- j~ t. If you don’t need a guide, it’ s £495. then listen to a student co m p le tin g the task. Does she get
C iVhy not book a typical fam ily beach holiday this a refund? W hy?/W hy not?
summer? Book bed and breakfast accom m odation with
a sea view in Sunnyside Hotel, Hope Cove, Devon. Family 12 $ 2 . 2 5 Listen again. Find one m istake in the s tu d e n t’s
~ : ~ is c o s t£ l2 0 a night. Hope Cove is a fish in g village responses. W hat is the correct response?
i. tti cafés, shops and two beautiful sandy beaches.
~ -e kids w ill love it!
13 Now do the exam task.

Take a short holiday in March in beautiful County SPEAKING exam task

te rry in Ireland. Three nights in a double room in the There is a problem w ith a pair o f jeans you bought
_= .-y Killarney Hotel on Muckross Lake costs ju s t £700, w h ile on h o lid a y and you have taken them back to the
- 1 -c m g dinner. And if the w eather is bad, you can relax
shop. D uring a conversation w ith a salesperson, include
- the hotel’s indo or sw im m ing pool and sauna. Come inform ation about the fo llo w in g points:
on - treat yourself!
• w hat you bought and when you bought the item
J _ Come to The H ouse, a m ulti-activity centre for • w hat the problem is
1 5 -1 7 year-olds on the Norfolk coast. You can take part • your previous experience w ith a sim ila r item
* ; :t /ities like rock clim bing and paragliding, and • w hat you expect the shop to do
" ? 'e are dance lessons w ith parties and music in the
e - e ' -gs. Learn som ething new and have fun!

Get Ready for your Exam 3 53

THIS UNIT INCLUDES

How techie Vocabulary ■ electronic devices ■ phrasal verbs ■ w ebsites: verb + noun phrases
■ adverbs ■ social activitie s ■ household appliances
Grammar ■ will and going to ■ zero conditional ■ may, might and could

are you? Speaking ■ making predictions ■ making invitations

W riting ■ a message (operating instructions)

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING E l e C t r O l l i C d e v ic e s

I can describe electronic devices.

1 Work in pairs. List the three electronic devices th a t

you use m ost regularly.

2 EEE3DESn Label the photos w ith w ords from the list below.
Which devices are not illustrated?

Electronic devices cam corder d ig ita l photo frame

d ig ita l radio ebook reader games console HDTV
hard d isk recorder MP3 player notebook satnav
sa te llite TV sm artphone ta b le t PC

Ç i 2 .2 6 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen, repeat and check

5 Read the exam strategy. Which o f the phrases below m ight
appear in adverts fo r devices a -e?
4 B E B E S H E in Complete the sentences w ith th e w ords
below. charge the b a tte ry dow nload a book fin d the way
make a call pick up em ail play music
ebook reader hard d is k recorder HDTV notebook
re co rd /re w in d /p a u se a program m e store photos
sa te llite TV sm artphone
s u rf th e Net watch film s
1 I can carry hundreds o f books around w ith me on my
a tab le t PC c MP3 player e satnav
' _____and I don’t need a bag!
b hard disk recorder d ebook reader
2 We can record over 100 hours o f television programmes
on o u r ______ 6 $ 2 .2 7 Listen to fo u r radio advertisem ents. Match each
3 We’ve g o t____at home. There’ s a choice o f more than advertisem ent (1 -4 ) w ith a device (a -e ) from exercise 5.
100 channels! There is one device th a t you do not need.
4 My dad takes h is _____with him on the train so that he 1 2 3 4
can work.
5 I can do anything on m y _____- play music, record
7 $ 2 .2 7 Listen again fo r the phrases in exercise 5. Were
your predictions correct?
videos, send emails - and make phone calls o f course!
6 The picture on our n e w _____is amazingly clear.
8 nawHiMH Work in pairs. Im agine you have won tw o o f the
E > VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l) : PAGE 129 <21 devices from exercise 2 in a co m p e titio n . Which w ould you
choose? Why?
EXAM STRATEGY
Listen for the key words that w ill help you understand 9 Tell the class w hat you th in k . Vote fo r the three most
w hat is being said. Before listening to the recording, popular devices.
th in k about which words you w ould expect to hear.
ES> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 129 <23

Sk Unit 6 ■ How techie are you?

g ra m m a r wni a n d going to
I can make predictions, offers, promises and decisions.

■ J-Vc.'td Describe w hat is happening in the picture in 4 Complete the speech bubbles. Use w ill or going to.
exercise 2. Use the words below to help you.

go w in d su rfin g je tty film (v) stand watch

2 .2 8 Declan, Maya and Tom are on holiday. Read and

sten to the dialogue and choose will or going to.

V aya Look! Tom’ s w indsurfing. JAre you go in g to /

W ill you have a go too?
Declan No, I’ m going to stay on dry land. Let’ s film Tom,
shall we?
Maya How? We d id n ’t bring the camcorder.
Declan D idn’t we? Oh, I know. 2l ’ m g o in g to / I’ ll use my
sm artphone. It’ s got a video c a m e ra .... Oh no, it
needs recharging.
'>'aya Here, 3Pm going to / I’ ll lend you mine.
Declan OK, thanks. ... Wow, Tom’ s good isn’t he? ' H e' say sorry
Why has John got
'•'aya Yes. Don’t go too near the edge o f the jetty, Declan. to his g irlfrie n d .
those flowers?
Declan It’ s all right. 4l’ m not go in g to / I w o n ’t fall in!
Wow, I’ m getting some great film !
Maya Watch out! 5You’ re g o in g to / You’ ll w alk o ff —
Declan, are you OK?
Declan Yes, I’ m OK!

3.ead the Learn this! box. Match the uses o f will and
going to w ith examples 1 -5 in the dialogue.
5 $ 2 .2 9 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen and repeat the answers to
exercise 4. How is the word to pronounced in going to?
IFARN THISI

.Ve use w ill for

1 predictions, especially after I {don’t) th in k ....
LOOK OUT!
I think she’ll pass all her exams.
We can use probably and definitely to ta lk about how
2 offers and promises.
certain our in te n tio n s are.
I’ll lend you my umbrella.
I’m definitely going to buy a new tablet PC.
I won’t come home late.
We’ll probably get satellite TV.
3 decisions th a t you make w hile you are speaking.
I probably won’t go online this evening.
She isn’t answering her mobile. I’ll text her.
.Ve use going to for
Make notes about your own future. W rite down:
4 predictions, especially when they’ re based on w hat
we can see. • two things you’ re d e fin ite ly going to do this evening.
Look at that black cloud. It’s going to rain! • two things you’ re definitely going to do in the next month.
5 intentions. • two things you probably w o n ’t do in the summ er holiday.
I’m going to work hard next term. • tw o things you’ ll probably do after you leave school.

7 h-j*j[< Il'[ci W ork in pairs. Tell your p a rtner your in te n tio n s

EE> GRAMMAR BUILDER 6B: PAGE 114 <33 and predictions from exercise 6. Are any o f them the same?

Unit 6 * How techie are you? 55

c u ltu r e Screen time
I can talk about how people use social media.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

1 How many social netw orking sites can you name? NewsToday.com HOME FOREIGN SPORT WEATHER
2 What do people use them for?
Electronic obsessions
2 $ 2 .3 0 Read the text. Answer the questions. Over 25 million people in the UK use Facebook. That’s 45%
1 How often does Bethan go on Facebook? of the population! And on average, each user spends over
2 What activities does she do on Facebook? six hours a month on Facebook. Is Facebook a dangerous
3 What made her realise th a t she m ight have a problem? obsession or just harmless fun? Seventeen-year-old Bethan
4 How did her friends react when she left Facebook? has written on her blog about what it was like to stop using
Facebook...
5 W hat aspects o f her life im proved after she left
Facebook?
6 In her opinion, w hat are the advantages o f Facebook?

VOCABULARY Complete the phrases in the chart with the

words below. Then find them in the text.
create deactivate lo g o n post update upload

W ebsites: verb + noun phrases

1 to a website 4 a message
2 a photo 5 an account
3 a profile 6 an account
Facebook and Me
by Bethan
4 $ 2 . 3 1 Listen to a radio programme about social
networking. What is Professor Brown’s opinion: 1, 2 or 3? 1st May
1 Lots o f people are addicted to social netw orking sites, I th in k I am a Facebook addict. I log on to Facebook every
but it’ s ju st a harmless hobby. day to chat to my friends - real friends and loads o f online
2 Some people spend too much tim e on social netw orking friends. Sometimes I have ten conversations going at the
sites, but it isn’t a serious problem . same tim e. I upload photos and update my Facebook
3 Some people are addicted to social netw orking sites, profile all the tim e. But recently I’ve started to feel w orried
but th a t’ s no different from being addicted to any other if I am offlin e fo r m ore than a fe w hours. And then last
hobby. weekend I fo rg o t to m eet a real frie n d because I was
online! I’ve realised I could have a problem . So I’ve decided
5 $ 2 . 3 1 Listen again. Are the sentences true or false? to give it up a fo r a w h ile ...
Correct the false sentences. 1 1 th May
1 Professor Brown th in ks th a t people who spend 3 0 -4 0 I fo u n d it really hard. Facebook and my friends demanded
hours a week on social netw orking sites have a serious to know w hy I had le ft. I spent the firs t fe w evenings
addiction. w ondering w h a t everyone was chatting about on
2 Professor Brown th in ks th a t Facebook is no more Facebook. I even phoned a couple o f friends to find
addictive than hobbies like collecting stamps. out. The fo u rth night wasn’t quite so bad. I actually
3 The interview er believes th a t the online world is also the concentrated on my hom ew ork b e tte r and I had m ore tim e
‘ real w o rld ’ . to w atch my TV program m es. And I spoke to my friends
4 Professor Brown th in ks th a t addiction to social during the day at school. A t th e end o f the firs t week, I
reactivated my account. I th in k Facebook is fun and it’s
netw orking sites isn’t a serious problem.
useful fo r posting messages to friends and sharing photos.
5 The professor th inks th a t people should go online at
But I’ll try not to spend so much tim e on it in fu tu re .
night rather than during the day.

6 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. Nathan, London:

1created a Facebook account because my friends all use it.
1 How often do you v is it social netw orking sites?
But I th in k it’s boring.
2 How long do you usually stay on them?
3 Do you th in k teenagers spend too much tim e on social Dan, Brighton:
netw orking sites? Give reasons. W ow, yo u ’ve really made me think. I’m going to deactivate
my account and see how I do.

56 Unit 6 * How techie are you?

g ra m m a r Zero conditional
I can talk about outcomes and possibilities.

things do lie detectors measure? m ay, m ig h t and could

6 Read the text and underline all the examples of may, might
Lie detectors detect small
..and could. Which two are negative?
changes in a person’s body
when they aren’t telling the
truth. If you tell a lie, you Im agine a boy is ta lking to a V
feel stressed. And if you are gipl lie secretly loves. B u t li ow
stressed, your heart starts to
beat faster. The lie detector does slie feel about him ? ' R o m a n c e P eacJ,

measures your heart rate She may love him too, or she may not ¥ * *
while you are answering even like him. How can he find out? Ask
questions. It also checks your her? That could be embarrassing for * * ¥ ¥
breathing. You breathe slowly both of them and she might not give
if you are relaxed, but if you a true answer. No, this boy needs the
te ll a lie, you breathe more Romance Reader app. Load the app
onto your phone and press 'start'. Then,
quickly. Finally, it measures
when you are chatting to the person
the sweat on your fingers. If you are interested in, the Romance
you lie, you sweat more! Reader listens and tells you if he or she

V
likes you. It might be the start of a big

5: jd y the verbs in the zero conditional sentences in blue in

-e text. Then complete the first rule in the Learn this! box.

Read and complete the rules in the Learn this! box.

Zero condition al
i We use the tense in the //c la u s e and we
To ta lk about p o ssib ility in the present or future, we
usually use t h e _____ ___ tense in the main clause.
can use may, might or could follow ed by the infinitive
The //cla u se can come before or after the main
w ith o u t to.
:!ause. If it comes after, we don’t use a comma.
They may I m ight/could be at home now. (present)
vou breathe slowly i f you are relaxed.
He m ay/m ight/could go out this evening, (future)
We use might not o r _________ not for the negative.
E> GRAMMAR BUILDER 6D: PAGE 114 <S3
We don’t use could not.

v . :<i.'[n Work in pairs. Can you complete the facts? Use

•-e zero conditional and the verbs below. Complete the sentences. Use may, might or could and the
verbs below.
je t get get heat m elt w ater
be get not give refuse sell use
1 f you leave butter in the s u n ,...
2 Plants die i f ... If it’s a w ar film , i t ______ quite violent.
3 If you mix green, red and blue lig h t,... If the stunt is too dangerous, s h e ______ to do it.
- If you mix green, red and blue p a in t,... Ify o u w rite down your PIN number, s o m e o n e ______ it.
5 Metal turns red and then w h ite i f ... I ______ a burger from the take-away.
6 Ify o u subtract 12345 from 2 3 4 5 6 ,... Ifyo u lose your receipt, th e y ______ a refund.
They___ garden furniture at the garden centre.
Irm p le te the sentences w ith in form ation th a t is true fo r
•■ou. Use the zero con ditio n a l.
1 My parents get angry if ...
SPEAKING Work in pairs. Tell your partner:
2 If I don’t feel very w e ll,...
3 I do better in exams i f ... som ething you may do if the w eather’s nice on Sunday,
4 If I stay out very la t e ,... som ething you m ight not w ant to do this evening,
5 I get annoyed i f ... somewhere you could go on Saturday evening,
6 If I feel sad, ... som ething you could wear to a party,
som ebody you m ight see in the next couple o f days,
'id Work in pairs. Compare your sentences from a subject you could study at college or university,
exercise 4. Are any o f them the same? somewhere you m ight go on holiday.

Unit 6 * How techie are you? 57

re a d in g Brainwaves
I can understand an article in detail.

1 Translate the proverb. What does it mean? 2 $ 2 . 3 2 Read the texts quickly and match them with
“ Necessity is the mother of invention.” the pictures.

Crazy ways of getting

around - past,
present and future

Ever since the horse and buggy, people

have been inventing new ways of
travelling - some more effective than
others. Here are three of them ...
The police in some European countries use them
(though probably not in high-speed car chases),
1 Past H ie CS and they are popular in theme parks, warehouses
and some airports. You aren't allowed to
use them on public roads in many European
'Imagine a vehicle chat can drive you five miles countries, though that m ight change and sales
for a penny. A vehicle that needs no petrol, just a could then increase dramatically.
battery.’ This m ight sound like an amazingly good
idea now, but back in 1985, when Clive Sinclair
invented the C5, people weren't so sure.
'It will be the answer to our inner-city traffic
3 Future The Uno
problems,' explained the marketing executives.
'You w on't need a driving licence. Anyone can
Canadian teenager Ben Gulak has recently won
drive it, whether you are 14 or 40.' The problem
an award for the best new invention o f the future
was, the C5 didn't w ork well in the British climate
- the Uno. He has already appeared on American
and could be dangerous on w et roads.
television to demonstrate his unique electric
vehicle. It looks exactly like a m otor scooter
except the wheels are beside each other. A
2 Present The Segway computerised system keeps the vehicle carefully
balanced. You can easily ride it - it has absolutely
no controls. There is only an o n-off switch. To
Its inventor, Dean Kamen, confidently predicted move it, you move your body. To go forward,
that the Segway ‘will be to the car w hat the you simply lean forward. To stop it, you lean
car was to the horse and buggy'. Despite sales back. You lean left or right to go round a corner.
predictions o f 40,000 a year when it appeared in 'People really seem to like it,' says Gulak. W ith
2001, sales have been disappointingly low. But the right business help, the Uno might become a
the Segway m ight not be a total failure. comm on sight on our roads in the future.

Park
. Ladbroke Grove
Latimer Road
58 Unit 6 How techie are you? Hpari<nd
St Pau
6 Look at the inventions in the pictures and read these
EXAM STRATEGY
questions. Make notes. Use th e w ords below each photo to
i'ir en com pleting a tru e /fa ls e task, read the given
help you.
statem ent and the text carefully. Next, underline
1 How do you th in k each invention works?
: _e parts o f the text th a t contain useful inform ation.
2 Which invention do you th in k is the m ost or least useful?
; r-nem ber to rely only on the inform ation given in the
Why? Try to use adverbs if you can.
text, not on your general knowledge.
3 What is a fa ir price for each invention, in your opinion?

3 ; ead the exam strategy. Then read the text. Are the 7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer th e questions in
~ -te n c e s true or false? exercise 6.
1 In 1985 people welcom ed the idea o f an environm entally
n 'e n dly car.
2 T ie C5 failed partly because it was dangerous in bad
neather.
3 Dean Kamen predicted th a t Segways w ould be more
popular than cars.
j- “ hey’ve sold more Segways than they expected.
5 3en Gulak has placed advertisem ents for the Uno
on US TV.
6 The driver doesn’t have to operate any controls
on the Uno.

Find tw elve adverbs ending in -ly in the texts.

5> ^ead the Learn this! box. Which adverbs are used w ith
adjectives in the texts?

We can use adverbs before adjectives and other

~T1 adverbs.
K ~hese shoes were amazingly cheap.
The car was travelling incredibly slowly.

Nouns rake sausage barbecue fire

Verbs hold stick cook

Nouns to ile t paper holder Nouns fan noodles chopsticks

Verbs attach blow your nose unroll Verbs attach blow not burn cool

Unit 6 ■ How techie are you?

EVERYDAY ENGLISH I n v i t a t i o n s
I can make and accept or decline an invitation.

1 $ 2 .3 3 Read and listen to th e dialogues. W hat are Olivia 4 $ 2 .3 4 Listen to five conversations in w hich people
and Ryan’s intentions? make in vita tio n s. Match each conversation w ith an a ctivity
from the lis t below.

Social a c tiv itie s go fo r a bike ride go shopping

go skateboarding go to th e cinema / a rock concert
have a barbecue have a party have lunch in a café
m eet friends play basketball play com puter games
w atch a fo o tb a ll match
I. have- lunch in a cafi

$ 2 .3 4 Listen again. Do the speakers say yes or no?

VOCABULARY Complete the phrases in the Learn this! box

w ith the w ords below.
O livia I’ m having some friends over tom orrow night
to watch a DVD. W ould you like to come? cool d e fin ite ly don’t fancy glad like make
Katie I’ d love to, thanks. Shall I eat before I come? sorry sounds tim e
O livia No, w e’ re going to eat w h ile we watch the film .
Katie Shall I bring some food, then? Invitations
O livia You d o n ’t need to bring anything. I’ m going to 1 Making
make hotdogs and popcorn! Would you 1............ to come?
Katie Cool. I love popcorn. W hat tim e shall I come? 2______ jo in in g us?
O livia A bout eight o ’ clock, but I’ ll te xt you. Why 3______ you come along?
Katie OK. See you tom orrow . 2 Accepting
I’ d love to, thanks.
Y e s.4______ good.
Ryan I’ m m eeting some friends for a meal in town Thanks. I’ l l 5______ be there.
tom orrow . Fancy jo in in g us? Reacting
George What time? 6 ! See you there.
Ryan One o ’ clock. 7 you can make it.
George Sorry, I can’t make it. I have to look after my 3 Declining
little bro th e r w hile my parents are at work.
I’ m 8______ , I can’t.
Ryan Shame. Are you going to be busy all day?
I’ d love to, but I can’t.
George Yes, I am. Sorry, but I can’t 9______ it.
Ryan Well, maybe we’ ll call round and see you
Reacting
after lunch.
Shame.
George Sounds good. See you then.
Sorry you can’t make it.
A n o th e r10______ , maybe.
2 Read the dialogues again. Answer the questions.
1 Does Katie accept the invitation? $ 2 .3 5 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen, repeat and check. Try to
2 What does Katie offer to bring? copy the in to n a tio n .
3 What is Ryan doing tomorrow?
4 Why can’t George accept the invitation? 8 ■»laiMHiKH W ork in pairs. Im agine you have ju st met
5 When m ight Ryan go and see George? a frie n d . Prepare tw o sh o rt dialogues, fo llo w in g the
in stru ctio n s below. Use phrases from the Learn this! boxes
3 Read the Learn this! box and find three examples of shall in
and th e m odel dialogues.
the first dialogue in exercise 1.
Dialogue 1: Make and accept an invitation.
LEARN THIS!

We can use shall for suggestions and offers, and to ask Organise the tim e and m eeting place.
Dialogue 2: Make and decline an invitation.
fo r instructions.
Give a reason fo r not accepting.
Shall we go now?
Shall I help you with that bag? 9 m a « hi mu Act out your dialogues to the class.
What film shall we see?

U n it 6 a How techie are you?

w r itin g Messages
I can write a message giving operating instructions.

VOCABULARY Check the m eaning o f the household

' gone out fo r the day. Dad is still in

appliances below. Which ones (a) have you got at home?
t There s « r e a l in the cupboard o r
(b) do you use?

'[ t ' V ou toast. If you want a Household appliances coffee m achine cooker
« » . Plug in the coffee machine bv the dishw asher freezer fridge iron ke ttle microwave
W fle 'f we run out of milk, can You ask to a ste r vacuum cleaner w ashing m achine
R M to go and buy some?
See you later Find seven o f the appliances in the messages.
)<

The sentences below all contain phrasal verbs. Find them in

the messages and com plete them .
1 P lu g _ __ . the coffee machine by the kettle.
2 If we run. ____o f m ilk, can you ask Dad to go and buy
— ope j/o ^ <2 jo o d da/ a t s c h o o l. JL /*i some?
(v'/xj late, t h i s eVeni/K), 5 o Z w o « z1jjez' 3 I w o n ’t g e t______ until ju st after six.
I J u s t after- six. There's cottage pie m the 4 You can heat i t ______ in the microwave.
r -,c/qe. c « /? heat it up in the wC-rot*ja/e. 5 Can you please w a s h ______ the plates ... and clear
Isin yo it p/eaSe load the dishwasher- oohen ______ the mess in the living room?
.aU Ve -finished? 6 Don’t forget to drop Jenny______ at her ballet class.
4-^x e, 2>ad 7 I’ ll pick h e r______ on the way home.

Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples o f can for
requests in the notes.
*; r\e,
■e 3 0 ^ Uo me f 0 p « re n t$ f o r tU € w e e k e n d We can use can for requests.
■T ca n t s+^nd th e in tU e fla t. Ca n yow Can you buy some milk, please?
- <«S€ W *5 U up tl^ e p l« t€ 5 « n d k v ^ g s yCH/ ve u$ed We also use can for perm ission.
^ c ^ar wy m ^ $ $ ik \ liv in g r o o m " ? I f 's
Can I go out this evening?
]•-- r r ^ r p / T k e ,5 i n m y ro o m
-e x TO t k e w a r d r o f c e . W k S v / * d « y e v e n in g . '
Complete the questions w ith Can I or Can you.
„ borrow your laptop?
_ unload the dishw asher for me?
_ have another piece o f cake, please?
1 furul.d'n't m.a.Ke- br&aK'Pc'-.sf' t k is m-or-ni-Kg- _ give Mary a lift to the station?
ze-UKUSe. fWe. aooK&r is 'n 't worKi-ng-. Ca-n •Jj-O'M . use your mobile, please?
ifljLf tk & e-le-c.fric.ia.'K? iVe- g-o-nft -fo -fke-
Im agine th a t you live in a fla t and are go in g away fo r the
*>> class -pi-nisk-e-s a t S. D o V f -por^e-f to arop
weekend. W rite a message to your flatm ate. Include the
rè-'K'WW c-p-p a t ke-r baMe-t class. I 'M pic-K k&r
fo llo w in g in fo rm a tio n :
•.c o-n rk fi wa|j- kov*.&. Bac-K n.boiAt 6.
• Tell h im /h e r where you’ve gone.
~A-nia X
• Remind h im /h e r to do som ething th a t involves a
household appliance.
• Ask h im /h e r to buy some fo o d /d rin k .
. *ead the messages. Who:
• Say when yo u ’ ll be home.
1 d id n ’t have breakfast?
2 has gone out fo r the day? CHECK YOUR WORK
3 has made a mess? Have you:
- has to load the dishwasher? included the inform ation in the task in exercise 7?
5 is fed up w ith her flatm ate? used some phrasal verbs?
6 is going to bring her daughter home? checked your spelling and grammar?
7 m ight have to buy some milk?
8 w ill arrive home ju st after six?

Unit 6 * How techie are you? 61

Language Review

U nit5 Unit 6
1 Complete the names o f th e shops. 6 Match 1 - 6 w ith a - f t o make electronic devices.
1 You can buy medicine at the c__ 1 hard disk a player
You can buy meat at the b _____ 2 HD b PC
You can buy magazines at the n_____ . 3 games c nav
You can buy fru it at the g_______ 4 tab le t d TV
You can buy pencils and paper at the s_ 5 MP3 e console
You can buy plants and flowers at the g 6 sat f recorder
Mark: /6
Mark: /6
Complete the phrases w ith the verbs below.
Complete th e sentences w ith the w ords below.
charge dow nload make p ic k u p rewind surf
a ll buy g ift price refund somewhere 1 a call 4 _____ a program
1 Can I get a ______ ? 4 I’ ll t r y _______else. 2 a book 5 ______ the battery
2 I’ll it. It’ s a 3 ...th e Net 6 ___ ___ emails
3 W hat’ s the Is that for today?
Mark: /6
M a r k :___/6
8 Complete the sentences. Use will or going to.
3 Complete th e em ail. Use the present perfect form o f the 1 A It’s looking very dark outside.
verbs below. B Yes, i t _____ rain.
be not be buy rain spend not v is it 2 A It’ s a b it cold in this room.
B OK. I ______close the window .
Hi Sam,
3 A Can you come out th is evening?
We ! ___here in Scotland since Saturday. The weather
2
B I ______ know u ntil I ask my parents.
very good - i t 3....... .....every day! We 4_______Loch
4 A Are you doing anything on Saturday morning?
Ness. I th in k w e’ re going there tom orrow . Mark I a lot
B No. I ______ stay in bed all m orning!
o f souvenirs. I th in k he 6___ all his money!
5 A The w hite sh irt is €15 and the blue shirt is € 20.
See you soon
B I ______ have the blue one, please.
Jemma
6 A Have you got any plans for the summer?
Mark: /6 B No. W e .... .....do anything this year.
Mark: /6
Complete the conversation. Use the present perfect or past
sim ple form o f the verbs in brackets.
Complete the sentences w ith the w ords below.
Kim y o u ______ (enjoy) Tania’ s party?
Ned Yes, I ?__ _____ (meet) a really nice girl. She 3_ be don’t hand in if m ig h t m ig h t not goes out
(give) me her phone number. 1 ____ you heat w ater to 100°C, it boils.
Kim 4...........you (call) her yet? 2 She gets angry if y o u ______ your hom ework on tim e.
Ned No, but 15______ (text) her last night. We’ re going to 3 If I press this button, the light .........._ .
see the latest X-Men film th is e v e n in g .6______ you 4 Liverpool aren’t playing very well. T hey______ win.
__ (see) it? 5 Wear a hat, scarf and gloves. I t . . ___snow.
Kim No, but I w ant to. 6 Sandra isn’t at home. She could in town.
Mark: /6 Mark:

Put the lines o f the dialogue in the correct order. 10 W rite the m issing w ords to com plete the dialogue.
a Q Yes. I’d like to exchange th is jacket, please, Tim Jake and I are w atching a DVD at my place this
b Q ] It doesn’t fit. evening. _ jo in in g us?
c Q Can I help you? Mia Cool! I’ d 2_ . t o . 3__ I eat before I come:
Tim Y o u 4_____ need to. M um ’ s going to make piz
d Q ] Yes. It’ s in the bag.
Mia G re a t.5__ __tim e shall I come?
e Q Have you got the receipt?
Tim A bout seven.
f Q W hat’ s the problem w ith it?
Mia Sounds 6____ . See you then. Mark:
Mark: /6
T o ta l:|H /3 0

62 Language Review 5 -6
T o ta l:^ |/3 0

I
Lead-in
1 Look at the photos. Would you like to go shopping in these
places? Why?/Why not?

Speaking
2 Work in pairs. Student A: Describe photo 1 to your partner.
Student B: Describe photo 2 to your partner.

3 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

1 Do you th in k shopping is a good hobby to have?
W hy?/Why not?
2 What do you enjoy buying most? What do you dislike buying?

Reading
4 Read Anna’s email to her English penfriend, Libby, ignoring
the gaps. What does she ask for advice about?

Listening
Dear Libby 6 $ 2 . 3 6 Listen to the dialogue. What has Anna asked Jack
How are you? I've phoned your house a couple o f times this to fix? Does he fix it?
week but you weren't in .1______ It's deleted some o f my
contacts. Can you email me your mobile number again? 7 $ 2 .3 6 Listen again. Choose the correct answer.

I've been here for five months and I still haven't had a 1 Jack says th a t he knows
chance to visit you. Can you believe it? Now it's summer a n othing about phones,
and hundreds of people have arrived at the holiday camp. b everything about phones,
2______ Why don't you come and see me here instead? c a little about phones.
There's plenty o f room in my caravan! 2 One o f the problems w ith Anna’ s phone is that
a she can’t make phone calls.
The job is going really well and I've met some nice people
here. There's one guy who's really sweet. He's called Jack.
b she can’t receive emails,
I really like him, but I don't think he feels the same way
c she can’t send emails.
3 jack asks for
about me. Anyway, I think he's going out w ith Dani, the girl
from the g y m .3______ Never mind. Actually, I do mind! a a black coffee,
b coffee w ith m ilk and sugar,
I went shopping in Leeds yesterday. What a disaster!
c coffee w ith m ilk.
4____ _And when I tried to change the jacket I bought last
4 W hat’s Jack going to do later?
week, the shop refused because I didn't have my receipt.
a have d in n e r and go to the gym
I'm going to do all my shopping online from now on!
b go to the gym and then have dinner
What can I do about Jack? Nothing, I guess. W hat do you
c have dinner and watch TV
th in k? 5______ Advice, please!
5 What happens when Jack sees Libby’s email?
Love a He finishes his coffee quickly.
Anna b He invites Anna to the cinema,
c He leaves quickly.
Read the email again. Match the gaps (1 -5 ) with sentences
A-F below. There is one sentence that you do not need. W riting
A I tried on fifty pairs o f jeans, but I d id n ’t like any of them . 8 Imagine you are on a shopping trip in a big city.
B It’ s really d iffic u lt for me to take a weekend off. Write a blog entry in English explaining:
C That’ s why so many people come here for th e ir holidays
• where you are and why you are there.
every year.
• w hether you’ re having a good or a bad tim e, and why.
D I haven’t asked, but they seem very close.
• which shops you have visited.
E Come on, you’ve known me for years.
• w hat you have bought and how much you have spent.
F I’ve had a few problems with my new sm artphone recently.
Skills Round-up 1 -6 63
THIS UNIT INCLUDES

Around the Vocabulary ■ gestures ■ phrasal verbs ■ special occasions ■ events and places to visit
Grammar ■ must, mustn’t and needn't * firs t conditional
Speaking ■ in a to u rist office

world W riting ■ an invitation and a reply

—- :

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING B o d y l a n g U S g e

I can describe how people greet each other in different countries.

1 I V f V J : H i n n Match the pictures w ith the gestures below. Which can be used as greetings?

Gestures (1) beckon bow hug kiss nod p o in t wave w in k

Complete th e expressions w ith the parts o f the body below.

Some expressions use th e same parts o f the body.
$ 2 .38 Choose the correct words. Listen again and check.
arm s back hands head legs shoulders thum bs
1 In Japan, when you meet a woman, you should bow /
Gestures (2) give a ______ up kiss her on the cheek.
fold y o u r _ 2 It is OK / not OK to beckon someone w ith your fingers
cross y o u r, in Japan.
h o ld _____ 3 Italians usually shake hands every tim e th e y meet /
s h a k e _____ when th e y meet fo r the firs t tim e.
shake y o u r. 4 When Italians kiss, they usually start on the rig h t /
pat som ebody on the . / _____ le ft cheek.
shrug y o u r ______ 5 In Italy, men som etim es greet each other w ith a hug /
a pat on the back.
$ 2 .3 7 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen and repeat a ll the gestures
6 In Saudi Arabia, men shake hands when they meet,
in exercises 1 and 2. M im e the gestures as you say them .
but not / and som etim es when they say goodbye.
E > VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l ) : PAGE 130 <31 7 Saudi male friends som etim es / always kiss more than
once when they meet.
$ 2.3 8 Listen to three people ta lk in g about custom s in
m jjM U M I W ork in pairs. Answer the questions.
th e ir countries. Match th e tw o halves o f th e sentences.
1 How do you greet people you see every day?
1 Akiko th in ks th a t Japanese people are
2 How do you greet friends and fam ily th a t you haven’t
2 Marco th in ks th a t Italian people are
seen fo r a few weeks?
3 Abdullah thin ks th a t Saudi Arabian people are
3 How do you greet (a) an ad u lt (b) a girl o f your own age
a warm and talkative, (c) a boy o f your own age, when you meet them for the
b form al and respectful, first time?
c polite and modest.
E2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 130 <31

64 Unit 7 ■ Around the world

g ra m m a r must, mustn’t and needn't
I can talk about prohibition and necessity.

$ 2.39 Read and listen to the text. Choose the correct Complete the facts about customs around the world with
verbs. must, mustn’t or needn’t.
* № Jj, E — A ,
Table manners around the w orld:
i 'M - ■ ~ if If

You must / needn't w orry because most of the

table manners in Peru are the same as in
Europe, b u t ...
• you needn't / m ustn't put your hands under
the table. Keep them on the table.
» .H .
• you must / m ustn't w ait until everyone has
a drink before drinking.
• you must / m ustn't say 'buen provecho' when
you leave or join the table. It means 'Enjoy
your meal'!

In Britain, if you are invited for a meal at som ebody’ s

Look at your answers to exercise 1. Then complete the rules home, y o u ______ take a gift. It’s very rude not to bring
in the Learn this! box with must, mustn’t or needn’t. anything.
In many parts o f Asia, y o u ______ touch or pat som ebody
1 We use. to express necessity
on the head - it is considered im polite.
(som ething th a t is very im portant to do).
If you receive an in vitation w ith RSVP on it, y o u ______
We u s e ____________ to express lack o f necessity
reply.
(som ething th a t isn’t necessary).
We u s e ___________ to express p ro hibition In Saudi Arabia, y o u ______ use a knife and fork to eat -
(som ething th a t is very im portant not to do). you can use your fingers if you prefer.
In many countries, y o u ______ use your finger to beckon
som ebody - it is very rude.
E2> GRAMMAR BUILDER 7B: PAGE 116 O
In most cultures, y o u __ __speak w ith food in your
Read the advice for job interviews. Rewrite the sentences m outh. Swallow your food before you start talking.
using must, mustn’t or needn’t. 7 Generally, y o u ______ use form al language in emails
1 It’ s necessary for you to shake hands w ith the to friends. But in business emails, y o u ______ use
interviewer. colloquial language.
You must shafce hands with the inte-rvie-wr.
7 Write notes about how to be polite when you go to
2 Don’t wear casual clothes to an interview.
somebody’s house for a meal in your country. Use the
3 It’s necessary for you to arrive on tim e.
ideas below to help you.
4 It isn’t necessary fo r you to give very long answers.
5 Don’t fold your arms. arrive exactly on tim e belch at the table b ring a g ift
6 It’ s necessary for you to look the interview er in the eye. eat eve ryth in g th a t you are given eat q u ie tly
7 Don’t leave your m obile phone switched on. eat w ith your fingers eat w ith a knife and fork
keep your elbow s o ff the table s it up stra ig h t
Write sentences about your school using must, mustn’t and
You must ... You mustn't ... You nee-dn't ...
needn’t. Use phrases from the list below.
copy your frie n d ’ s hom ew ork run in the corridor 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Compare your ideas.
sw itch o ff your m obile phone in class study English
stand up when the teacher comes in w ear a uniform You must arrive exactly on time.

At our school we- mustn't ...

You mustn’t belch at the table.
5 ».iMWI'ttf Work inpairs. How many more sentences can
you make about rules in your school?

Unit 7 ■ Around the world 65

c u ltu r e Giving and receiving
I can talk about giving g ifts on special occasions.

1 V IJ U M W im Which o f these special occasions do you and

your fa m ily celebrate? When do you give or receive gifts? Has Christmas become too
Special occasions A ll S aints’ Day b irthdays Christmas commercial?
Easter Father’ s Day Halloween M o th e r’s Day
name days New Year’ s Eve St Nicholas’s Day
Twelfth N ight V alentine’ s Day w edding anniversaries Tell us what you think!
2 Describe the photo. Which special occasion does
it illustrate? What are the people doing? Joanna, Glasgow, Scotland
w i For most people in Britain
Q 2 .4 0 Read the te xt. Match the opinions below w ith the nowadays, gift-giving, parties
people. W rite the names. There is one opinion th a t you do and entertainm ent are more
not need. im portant at Christmas than
religion. You can see adverts
1 Christmas starts far too early_______
fo r Christmas presents on TV
2 Christmas isn’t im p o rta n t to people nowadays------------
and in shops in October, and
3 It’ s good th a t Christmas is com m ercial_______ people feel under pressure
4 Christmas is all about money------------ to spend lots o f money.
5 It’ s differe nt now, but s till good f u n . ____ Some shops are even open
6 People can choose how to celebrate it ------------ on Christmas Day and most
people don't go to church.
SPEAKING Which opinions do you agree w ith? Give reasons. Christmas has lost its true
meaning.
$ 3 .0 2 Listen to fo u r people ta lk in g about g ifts. Match
the people w ith the question (a -d ) th e y are answering. Mandy, Oxford, England
You never hear a child complain th a t Christmas starts
1 C raig____ 3 H a rry______
to o early! Yes, it may be very commercial, but you can
2 V icky ____ 4 B e th ___
give Christmas whatever meaning you like. I th in k it's up
a W hat’s the best g ift you’ve ever given? to each individual or fam ily to decide when to begin the
b W hat’s the w orst g ift you’ve ever given? celebrations and how much money to spend on presents,
c W hat’ s the best g ift you’ve ever received? cards, food, etc.
d W hat’ s the w orst g ift you’ve ever received?
Liz, Bangor, Wales
$ 3.0 2 Listen again. Complete the chart w ith th e words It is true th a t fo r many Britons, Christmas doesn't have the
and phrases below. same religious meaning as it did in the past. But does th a t
really matter? Families still get together and everyone still
birth d a y a book Christmas a costume
has a great tim e, especially the children.
M other’s Day perfum e ticke ts fo r a show
w edd ing anniversary
T hom as, B e lfa st, N o rth e rn Ire la n d
My dad owns a small g ift and to y shop. He makes more
Occasion G ift
money in November and December than in all the other
1 2 m onths o f the year together. Christmas needs to start
3 4 as early as possible fo r him. He needs tim e to attract
customers and get them to spend money. It's also good
Harry 5 6
fo r the customers because they can spread the cost o f
Beth 7 8 Christmas over tw o or three months.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions a -d in Nathan, P lym outh, England
exercise 5. Christmas starts much to o soon in the UK. Shops should
w a it until after Halloween and Bonfire N ight before they put
8 Tell th e class about your partner. up decorations and start selling Christmas puddings.
I'm bored w ith Christmas by 25th December! And then as
soon as Christmas is over, shops start selling Easter gifts -
The best g ift Philip has ever given is ...
even before the New Year!

66 Unit 7 ■ Around the world

g ra m m a r First conditional
I can talk about a future situation and its consequences.

How many British superstitions do you know? Match the $ 3.04 p r o n u n c ia t io n Listen and repeat the sentences in
beginnings and endings of these superstitions. exercise 4. How are the words will and won’t pronounced?

B R IT IS H S U P E R S T IT IO N S Complete the text. Use the correct form of the verbs in

1 If you open an umbrella indoors, brackets.

2 If you see tw o magpies,

3 If the sky is red in the evening,
4 Something bad will happen to you
5 You'll have a male visitor

Q if you walk under a ladder.

I
© it'll bring bad luck.

Q if you drop a knife (and a fem ale visitor if it's a fork)

3.03 be
Q you'll Listen
lucky.and check. Are any of the superstitions the
same in your country?
Q the weather will be good the next day.
Different countries have different superstitions.
Study the sentences in exercise 1. Then complete the For example, in Britain and Japan, if a black cat
information in the Learn this! box with after, present 1 (walk) in fro n t o f you, y o u 2
simple, and ‘will’ + verb. (have) good luck. But in the USA and many other
countries it's the opposite: if a black c a t3________
LEARN TH IS!

We use the first conditional to predict the result o f an (cross) your path, i t 4________ (bring) you bad
action. We use t h e _________ to describe the action luck. However, many superstitions are almost the
a n d _________ to describe the result. same the w orld over. For example, if you 5________
If you walk under a ladder, it ’ll bring bad luck. (break) a mirror, y o u 6________ (be) unlucky for
seven years, but if you 7________ (touch) wood, it
î Î
8 ......... (prevent) bad luck.
action result
The //cla u se can come before or after the main There are also superstitions about numbers. If you
clause. If it com es_________ , we don’t use a comma. 9 (look) at the seats on some aeroplanes,
You’ll have good luck i f you carry a rabbit’s paw in you iU____ (n o t fin d ) the num ber 13. In Japan
your pocket. the num ber 4 is unlucky because it is pronounced the
same as the w ord fo r 'death'. However, dates where
E2> GRAMMAR BUILDER 7D: PAGE 116 <33 the numbers are the same (for example 12/12/12) are
very lucky. If a Japanese couple 11________ (decide)
Complete the sentences about superstitions. Use the to get married, they 12________ (try) to have the
wedding on such a date.
present simple or will form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Turkey If you get out o f the bed on the right side, your
d a y _________ (start) well. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
2 China If y o u _________ (not eat) meat on the first day o f What w ill you do if:
the Chinese year, you’ ll have a long and happy life. • the w eather is fine at the weekend?
3 France If an unm arried girl steps on a cat’ s tail, she • you wake up in the m iddle of the night?
(not find) a husband in the next year. • you don’t feel w ell on Monday morning?
4 Ireland If y o u _________ (put) a pair o f shoes on a table, • you forget your best frie n d ’ s birthday?
it’ ll bring bad luck. • you can’t do your homework?
5 Korea If you give your boyfriend or girlfriend a pair of • there’s nothing good on TV this evening?

shoes, he or s h e _________ (leave) you.

What w ill you do if the weather ------------------------------ .
6 Russia If y o u _________ (look) in a broken mirror, yo u ’ ll
is fine at the weekend? I’ll go to the beach.
have bad luck.

Unit 7 ■ Around the world 6]

re a d in g Don’t get fooled again
I can understand an article about a cultural tradition.

1 Look at the pictures and the labels. What can you see? What is strange about them?

Do you celebrate April Fool's Day? On 1 April, people in

Britain like to play jokes on each other. If someone can trick
another person before midday, then they can call them an
A p ril Fool'. The trad ition probably began in France in the
16th century when the calendars changed and ten days
disappeared from the year 1582. [~1

This annual trad ition is repeated in different countries and

cultures around the world, but not always on the same date,
and w ith different kinds o f joke:

• In France, the trad ition is called 'poisson

d'avril' or A p ril fish’. You have to try to
pin a paper fish on another person's back
w itho ut the person noticing.

• In Spanish-speaking countries, people play tricks on

28 December, the Day of the Holy Innocents, to celebrate
childhood.

• The Portuguese celebrate April Fool's Day on the Sunday

and Monday before Lent. The custom there is to throw flour
at each other.

• In Belgium, children have to try to lock their parents or

teachers out of the house or school. I 2 |

TV stations, radio stations and businesses around the world

try to trick people with false stories. Some stories have
become famous. On 1 April 1998, Burger King advertised its
new 'hamburger for left-handed people'. Many people went
into restaurants to buy them, j 3 j In Cologne, Germany, a
radio station asked people not to run faster than 10 km/h in
the city park, so that they w ouldn't upset the squirrels.

On British television, the BBC has played tricks on people for

decades. In 1957, a news programme reported th a t people
grew spaghetti in Italy. It showed a film of people picking long
strings o f spaghetti from trees. I 4 | | More recently, a BBC
nature documentary reported that there were penguins in
Antarctica that could fly. It showed a film of the birds flying to
the Amazon rainforest to enjoy some sunshine. | 5 [

U nit 7 ArmmH th e wnrIH A m azing discovery in A n ta rc tic a

2 $ 3 . 0 5 Read th e te xt. In your o pinion, w hich is the 8 In your groups, prepare a presentation about the
fun niest A p ril Fool’s tric k m entioned in the text? joke you found o u t about in exercise 7. You can illu stra te it
w ith pictures. Then give your presentation to the class.
EXAM STRATEGY
• Read the text to make sure you know w hat it is about. $ 3 .0 6 Listen to the song. Complete gaps 1 -1 2 w ith the
• Try to predict w hat kind o f inform ation is missing. words below. Use some w ords more than once. Does the

• Read the sentences and look fo r words th a t are singer th in k su p e rstitio n s are a good th in g or a bad thing?
connected w ith the topic o f a specific paragraph. How do you know?
• Pay attention to the sentences before and after the gap. baby d e vil face luck problem song th in g s w all

Read the exam strategy. Then read sentences a - f and 10 $ 3 .0 6 W rite these w ords from th e song in fu ll, correct
match them w ith gaps 1 -5 in the te xt. There is one English. Then listen again and check.
sentence th a t you do not need. ’ bout lo o k in ’ ain’t g o in ’ wanna yeah n o th in ’
a And many right-handed people com plained!
b Many people forgot the new dates and oth e r people
made fun o f them ,
c It d id n ’t fool many people, but it became one o f the most
popular videos on the Internet,
d The aim is to trick the other person,
e Then they ask for treats before opening the door!
f M illions o f viewers were fooled and some phoned the

4
BBC to ask where they could buy a spaghetti tree.

Read th e te xt again. Answer the questions.

SUPERSTITION
1 When and where did A pril Fool’ s Day probably start?
2 What do people in (a) France (b) Portugal and Very superstitious, w ritin g 's on the 1______ ,
(c) Belgium do on April Fool’ s Day? Very superstitious, ladder's 'bout to fall,
3 What was Burger King’ s ‘ new in ve n tio n ’? T h irte e n -m o n th -o ld 2______ , broke the lookin' glass
4 What did the BBC say about spaghetti?
Seven years o f bad 3______ , the good things in your past.
5 According to the nature docum entary, where do the
‘flying penguins’ go for the winter? , th a t you d o n 't understand,
When you believe in 4_____

5 VOCABULARY Match the h ig h lig h te d words in the text Then you suffer,
w ith the d e fin itio n s below. Superstition a in 't the way.
1 pages show ing the days, weeks and m onths o f a year
Very superstitious, wash y o u r 5__ and hands,
2 ten years
3 the day and month Rid me o f the 6______ , do all th a t you can,
4 happening every year Keep me in a daydream, keep me goin' strong,
5 12 o’ clock in the m iddle o f the day r'ou d o n 't wanna save me, sad is my 7_______
6 100 years
When you believe in 8______ th a t you d o n 't understand,
6 VOCABULARY W ork in pairs. In your own language,
Then you suffer,
explain th e m eaning o f these w ords and phrases
Superstition ain’t the way, yeah, yeah.
to your partner.
1 to fool som ebody Very superstitious, n o th in ' more to say,
2 to make fun o f som ebody
Very superstitious, the 9______ 's on his way,
3 to play a joke on som ebody
T h irte e n -m o n th -o ld 10_____ __ broke the lookin' glass,
4 to trick som ebody
5 a practical joke Seven years o f bad 11______ , good things in your past.

7 W ork in groups. Find out about an A p ril Fool’ s Day joke When you believe in 12__ _ th a t you d o n 't understand,
in your country. Then you suffer,
1 Who played the joke? Superstition a in 't the way, no, no, no.
2 What did they do?
3 Did it work?
4 How did the other person/people react?

Unit 7 Around the î

e v e ry d a y E n g lis h Giving advice and recommendations
I can exchange information about tourist attractions.

SPEAKING Look at th e photo and answ er the questions. 3 Divide the w ords below into tw o groups:
1 Where are the people? Events and Places to visit.
2 What do you th in k they are saying? Events and places to v is it a rt gallery carnival castle
cathedral church concert fe stiva l m arket museum
2 $ 3 .0 7 Read and listen to the dialogue. How m any th in g s
old tow n opera house palace park restaurant
does the in form ation o ffice r suggest?
sh o pping d is tric t

4 $ 3 .0 8 Listen to the dialogue. Which places from

exercise 3 do the people ta lk about?

5 $ 3 . 0 8 Listen again. Tick the sentences th a t the people

say (one sentence in each pair).

1 a Can you give us some inform ation about the city? Q

b We’ d like some inform ation about the city.
2 a What do you recommend we see?
b What sights do you recommend seeing?
3 a How much does it cost to get into the castle?
b What are the castle opening hours?
4 a Have you got a leaflet w ith inform ation? 1
b This leaflet here has all the inform ation.
5 a Can you show me where th a t is on the map?
b Have you got a map o f the city?
6 a Is there a taxi rank nearby?
b Where can we get a taxi from?

Read the Learn this! box. U nderline examples o f should

and ought to in the dialogue in exercise 2.

In form ation O fficer Good m orning. Can I help you? 1 We use should and ought to for suggestions, advice
Lucy Yes, we’ re v is itin g Bath fo r a couple o f days and and opinions.
we were w ondering w hat to see. 2 We often use I think or I don’t think w ith should and
10 I can certainly help you w ith that. Here’s a
ought to.
leaflet. I th in k you should vis it the Roman Baths.
I think you ought to get a taxi.
They’ re 2,000 years old.
I don’t think you should walk from here.
Lucy Are they nearby?
10 Yes, ju st 100 metres from here.
Lucy W hat else can you recommend? E> GRAMMAR BUILDER 7F: PAGE 117 <S3
10 If you take an open-top bus to u r o f the city,
Give advice to someone v is itin g your tow n, region or
you’ ll see all the m ajor sights.
country fo r tw o days. Use should and ought to.
Lucy That sounds fun. Are there any festivals or
carnivals on at the moment?
Work in pairs. Prepare a dialogue in an inform ation office.
10 No, I’ m afraid not. W hat else are you interested
in? S tudent A: You are a to u rist in your country. Decide
Lucy We’ d like to do some shopping. w hat kind o f to u ris t attractions you w ant to visit. Ask the
10 You ought to go to SouthGate, the main inform ation officer for recom m endations. Ask questions
shopping centre. (where the places are, cost, opening hours, etc.).
Lucy OK. Thanks. Where do we catch the sightseeing
S tudent B: You are a to u rist inform ation officer. Recommend
bus?
tw o or three places and say why the to u rist should visit
10 The bus stop is marked here on the map.
them . Answer the to u ris t’ s requests fo r fu rth e r inform ation.
You needn’t buy a ticke t in advance. You can
ju s t get on. SPEAKING Act o u t your dialogue to the class.
Lucy Great. Thanks very much.

70 Unit 7 * Around the world

w r itin g invitations
I can write a note replying to an invitation.

Read the notes. Are th e y (a) m aking, (b) accepting or Read the w ritin g strategy. W hat do abbreviations 1 -6
(c) de clin in g an invitation? mean? Use the phrases below.

barbecue as soon as possible fo r example

Hi Marcus.,
ThanKs ver^ much for the invite to -four fanc'j dress party on I also w ant to say Please reply telephone num ber

New Year's t-ve. I'm really into Ь щ dress. Is there- a theme? 1 e.g--------------------------------- 4 RSVP_____________
Or can we come as anyone? (or anything?!) П\ be there for sure! 2 Tel____________________5 B BQ ______________
It's gonna be awesome! 3 PS___________________ 6 a s a p ______________
Imogen Y- ^ '
Match the h ig h lig h te d co llo q u ia l expressions in the notes
Shall I bring an^ food, e.g. crisps?
w ith the d e fin itio n s below.
1 come 4 invitation 7 other things
Hi Tane, 2 fabulous 5 a lo n g tim e 8 really good
Thants for inviting me to '(our party but I can't mate it - sorrj! 3 buy 6 certainly 9 made a mistake
It's too bad, because I love a good party! I messed up - I've arranged
Complete the co llo q u ia l expressions w ith the w ords below.
to go and see m^ cousins that night - I haven't seen them for ages.
Then match them w ith the meanings (a -d ).
■Sorr-fi!! An'jwa4, hope 'jou have a great party!
Louis ch ill out cash guys place
1 I’ m a b it short o f _______
Dear Liam, 2 We’ re ju st g o n n a _______

Its m'j birthday netf Saturday and I m going to have some mates 3 Can you come over to m y ______ ?

round for a sleepover. vie re gonna get in loads of pizzas and watch 4 Are y o u ______doing anything tomorrow?
DVDs. Fanq joining us? a We’ re ju s t going to relax,
"Sam // ,
a CS> 1 b I haven’t got much money,
?f) PSVP Tel. M ? 4^2- 4=1 <s‘) - c Are you busy tomorrow?
d Can you come to my house?

Imagine you are having a party to celebrate finishing your

Hi Tulie, exams. Write a note inviting a friend to the party. Try to
Cm -fou come to the beach for a on ‘5unda'(? It should be fab. include some colloquial expressions.
TViere'll be loads of burgers, chicten and stuff, so '(ou neednt bring • Explain the reason fo r the party.
an'j food. It'll start at ? p.m. Let me Know asap. c i. • Say when and where the party is going to be held.
Hannah • Say w hat the entertainm ent plans are (e.g. fancy dress,
film s, food).
• A s k th e friend if he/she can come.

U nderline the expressions used in each note to make, 8 Swap notes with a partner. Now write a note either
accept and decline in vita tio n s. accepting or declining the invitation.
• Thank the person fo r the invitation.
Read the notes again. Answer the questions. • Accept or decline the invitation.
1 When is Marcus’ s party? • If yes, ask a question about the party.
2 What is Imogen’ s opinion o f fancy dress parties? • If no, say why you can’t go.
3 How is Sam going to celebrate his birthday?
4 What is Louis going to do on the evening o f Jane’s party? CHECK YOUR WORK
5 What does Hannah invite Julie to do? Have you:
6 Does Hannah w ant Julie to bring anything? included the inform ation in the task in exercise 7?
WRITING STRATEGY used some colloquial expressions and abbreviations?
checked your spelling and grammar?
In inform al invitations or messages (e.g. to relatives
or friends) you can use short forms and colloquial
expressions. Do not use them in form al texts.

Unit 7 * Around the world 71

Get Ready for your Exam

Reading ID I I Between 1901 and 1954, Einstein published more

W ork in pairs. Ask and answer the than 300 scientific works. When he was 30, he was fina lly
questions. offered a job at Zurich University. E = me2 is his fam ous
1 How many fam ous scientists can you name from theory about energy. The idea was so advanced th a t no
a your country? one could actually prove it worked u ntil much later. In
b o ther countries? 1919 one o f Einstein’ s theories about light was proved to
2 What did they discover or invent? be correct and he fin a lly became famous. In 1921 he won
the Nobel Prize for Physics. He was very happy about this.
2 Do the exam task. But he told everybody, ‘ I have no special talents. I am
READING exam task only passionately curious.’

Read the text. Match headings 1 -6 w ith paragraphs A -D .

There are tw o extra headings th a t you do not need. Speaking
1 A questioning mind 3 Match item s in colum ns A and B to make ten sm artphone
2 A b rillia n t student fu n ctio n s. W hich o f these fun ctio n s has your phone got?
3 Fame achieved

00
4 An unprom ising start B

>
5 No job and no qualifications
MP3 book text access
6 Part-time scientist
address calendar email recording
1A | | Every so often, a genius comes along. Albert appointm ent keyboard video messaging
Einstein com pletely changed our ideas o f space and tim e. web browser digital dialling
He is called the ‘father o f modern physics’ . But w hat onscreen player voice camera
does a genius look like as a child? Einstein was born in
Germany. He w asn’t im pressive as a child. He was very
4 If lM K E f iM $ 3 .0 9 Listen and com plete
slow to start ta lking and his parents were worried about the in s tru c tio n s fo r sending a te x t message. Use the
him. At school, his teachers weren’t impressed either. w ords below.
He found school boring and was badly behaved! He left
at the age o f 15 w ith o u t passing his final exams. b utto n icon key in pressing scroll down
select touch turn on
I B | | However, Einstein was very curious about the
w orld. His father and uncle had an engineering company, 1______ the phone b y 2______ th is button. To send a
and he was always asking questions about electricity message, 3_ ____ the ‘Messages’ 4 , then 5______ the
and machines. When he was small, his father gave him list o f contacts and 6______ the one you want. Then 7______
a compass. Einstein was fascinated because the needle your message and touch the ‘send’ 8_______
always pointed north. He wanted to find out about the
universe, but the answers to many o f his questions 5 Do the exam task.
w eren’t taught in schools. So he read lots o f books SPEAKING exam ta sk
on his own.
You are ta lk in g to a friend about a m obile phone you
IC | 1 Einstein finished his education in Switzerland. have recently bought. She w ould like to buy a sim ilar
He wanted to w ork in a university, but no one th o u g h t phone. Include in form ation about the fo llo w in g points:
he was good enough. When he was 23, he got a job in
• the phone’ s look and size
a governm ent office in Switzerland. His job was to look
• the phone’ s functions
at people’ s inventions and give them a patent for th e ir
• how to use one o f the functions
ideas. The w ork was easy fo r him and he had tim e to
• som ething about the phone th a t you are unhappy w ith
th in k. He spent a lot o f tim e w ritin g about the laws o f
physics and the universe. He sent his papers to scientific
magazines. The science world was amazed to read them.
No one had ever heard o f this young office worker.

72 Get Ready fo r your Exam 4

Get Ready for your Exam

Listening Speaking
Work in pairs. Ask and answer Get ready to SPEAK W ork in pairs. Ask and answer the
th e questions. questions.
1 What is your favourite dish or meal? 1 Do you often eat in restaurants? W hy?/W hy not?
2 What ingredients do you need to cook it? 2 What is your favourite type o f restaurant? Why?

7 Do the exam task. 10 Look at the pictures in the speaking exam task in exercise
13. Describe the restaurants using th e adjectives below.
LISTENING exam task
cheap crowded elegant expensive form al frie n d ly
$ 3 .1 0 Listen to five chefs ta lkin g . Match the
healthy in fo rm a l noisy q u ie t relaxed
sentences (A-F) w ith each speaker (1 -5 ). There is
one extra sentence th a t you do not need.

The restaurant in The restaurant in photo 2

photo 1 looks noisy. m ig h t be q uite expensive.
A This dish is no longer very popular.
B This dish has no meat or fish in it.
11 f l 3.11 Listen to a stu d e n t answ ering a question in the
C This dish w asn’t eaten in this chef’s home.
exam task. Which restaurant does she decide to go to?
D This dish has got meat and one vegetable in it.
E This dish has fried vegetables in it.
F This dish is s till very popular.
12 f l 3 . l l Listen again. Tick the expressions th a t she uses
to make and ju s tify her choice.

I’ d rather... I’d like / 1w o u ld n ’t like (to)

Use of English
I’ d prefer to ... It looks ... It seem s...
8 Do the exam task.
I p re fe r... Pm not very keen on ...
USE OF ENGLISH exam task
Complete the text. Use one w ord only in each gap.
13 Do th e exam task.

1______ 2005, the city o f Las Vegas celebrated 2______ SPEAKING exam task
100th birthday. There was an enorm ous party, and, Compare and contrast the photos. Which restaurant
3______ course, a birthday cake. But this w asn’t 4_______ w ould you prefer to eat at w ith your friends? Give
ordinary cake - it was 5______ w o rld ’ s largest birthday reasons. Include in form ation about the fo llo w in g points:
cake! A thousand people worked 6______ three days
• the food
7______ make it. They baked 30 ,0 0 0 sm all cakes and
• the cost
stuck them to g e th e r8______ icing. The cake was 3 1 m
• the atm osphere
long, 15 m w ide, 50 cm high and w e ig h e d m ore 9_____
50 tonnes! It w as b ig 10______ to feed h a lf11_______
m illion people - th a t’ s one piece o f cake each for every
person 12______ Las Vegas!

Get Ready for your Exam 4 J3,

THIS UNIT INCLUDES

What if
Vocabulary ■ natural disasters ■ word form ation: noun suffixes -ion, -ation and -ness
Grammar ■ second conditional ■ I w ish ...
• • •
Speaking ■ discussing natural disasters ■ stim ulus-based discussion
W riting ■ an essay

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING Planet Earth

I can talk about natural disasters.

SPEAKING Look at the photos. Have you seen any o f these

events in real life? Have you seen them on TV?

VOCABULARY Match th e photos w ith six o f the words below.

Natural disasters avalanche disease d rought

earthquake fam ine flood fo re st fire hurricane
landslide tornado tsunam i volcanic eruption

$ 3 .1 2 PRONUNCIATION Listen and repeat a ll the words.

Check your answers to exercise 2.

E2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l ) : PAGE 131 <23

Which o f the natural disasters involve:

1 w ater (in any form) or no water?
2 wind?
3 very hot tem peratures?
4 rocks or earth moving?

$ 3 .1 3 Listen to ten people ta lk in g . Decide w hich natural

disaster from exercise 2 each person is speaking about.

$ 3 .1 4 Complete the news report w ith the w ords below.

Listen and check.

damaged destroyed injured lasted le ft lost

reached rescued sent struck
7 Work in sm all groups. Read the notes about a tornado and
w rite a sh o rt news report like the one in exercise 6.

Tipton Bay Hurricane c r r r r c c r r

The h u r r ic a n e 1 struck th e tow n o f Tornado
T ip t o n Bay on th e s o u th c o a s t a t 4 p .m . when - Iasi night, o?.oo for 30 minute-6
on S a tu r d a y a f t e r n o o n and 2_________ f o r where - city of Tulsa. Oklahoma. USA_____
tw e lv e h o u r s . W ind s 3_________ sp e e d s o f winds - km/h
200 k m /h . L u c k i l y , p e o p le 4_________ t h e i r damage - homes, cars, shops, crops near the crN
homes b e fo r e th e h u r r ic a n e a r r i v e d , and people - 2.5 injured
n obod y 5_________ t h e i r l i f e . H o w e v e r,
emergency services - rescued people from a train; sent medical
f l y i n g m e ta l and g la s s 6_________ a b o u t
supplies
tw e n ty p e o p le . E m ergency s e r v ic e s
7_________ o v e r 50 p e o p le fro m b o a ts n e a r
th e c o a s t , and c h a r i t i e s q u i c k l y 8________ 8 lUldttMMci Present your news report to the class. Include
fo o d and t e n t s t o h e lp p e o p le w it h o u t phrases from exercise 6. >
hom es. The h u r r ic a n e s e r i o u s l y 9_________
h u n d re d s o f b u i l d i n g s and 10_________ c ro p s The tornado struck at three o’ clock in the m orning
in th e fie ld s a ro u n d th e to w n . and lasted about h a lf an hour. It struck the city o f ...

E2> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 131 <23

g ra m m a r Second conditional
I can talk about an imaginary situation and its consequences.

Read the text. W hat is the connection between actress Match 1 -5 w ith a -e to make second conditional sentences.
Olivia W ilde and solar power? Complete them w ith the correct form o f the verbs in brackets.
If w e ________ (use) our cars less,
If everybody _ ______ (take) showers instead o f baths,

POWER UP!
If yo u w e n t to hospita l and th e re w ere no
Some is la n d s . ________(be) underw ater
I _________ (walk) to school
If s h o p p e rs _________ (pay) for plastic bags,
e le ctricity, yo u w o u ld be amazed. You'd
th e y _______ . (use) less water,
p ro b a b ly feel scared, to o ! B ut in som e o f th e
th e y _______ (reuse) them more.
w o rld ’s p o o re st coun trie s, hospitals o fte n
if sea levels- ----------- (rise).
have no pow er. D o c to rs som etim es p e rfo rm
the a ir _____ . (be) cleaner.
o p e ra tio n s by candle lig h t! If th e y had
i f l ________ (live) closer.
e le ctric lights, these o p e ra tio n s w o u ld be
easier and safer. 4 Complete the te xt. Use th e correct form o f the verbs below.

be be not be build cycle do im prove not th in k

Power U p G am bia is a c h a rity th a t provides
tra ve l use
solar energy fo r hospitals and health clinics
in The G am bia, W est A frica . Its m o st
fa m o u s s u p p o rte r is Green light for bikes! P
O livia W ild e , star o f ‘I believe our country 1___ . a better place to live if the
th e A m e rica n government2_______ more to help cyclists. At the moment,
T V show House. cycling on busy roads is dangerous. If the government3_______
more cycle paths, the roads4_______ safer. More people
5_______ to school or work if th e y6________ it was dangerous.
'If I w ere a superhero,
If more people 7_______ by bike, the roads8________ so busy.
I’d w a n t e lectrical p o w e r Cycling is also a good form of exercise. If people9_____ _ bikes
in m y fingers,' O livia more, their health 10________ ’
once said. Perhaps
s u p p o rtin g Power U p
G am bia is th e n e xt 5 W hat w ould you do in these situations? Make notes.
best th in g .
1 If you could have any job in the w orld ...
2 If you saw a ghost ...
3 If you found an expensive watch in the s tre e t...
4 If you d id n ’t have to go to s c h o o l...
Read the Learn this! box. Find three second co n d itio n a l 5 If you won a m illion dollars ...
sentences in the te x t in exercise 1. Circle the //cla u se s and 6 If you saw your friend stealing from a shop ...
underline the main clauses.
6 W rite questions fo r the situ a tio n s in exercise 5.
LEARN THIS

We use the second con d itio n a l to describe an im aginary t. What would '(ou do if fou could have an^job in the world?
situation or event, and its result. 1. If '(ou saw a ghost, what would >fou do?
1 We use the past tense in the i f clause, and would/
wouldn’t + verb in the main clause. 7 W ork in pairs. Ask and answer th e questions in
exercise 6. Use your notes from exercise 5.
If people drank tap water, they wouldn’t buy bottles.
T T
im aginary s itu a tio n /e v e n t result What w ould you do if you could tronaut!
I’ d be an astronaut!
have any job in the world?
2 In the //cla u se , we norm ally use were instead of was r
as the past tense o f be, singular, but we often use
was in spoken English.
If the tap water were safe, I’d drink it. 8 Tell the class about your partner.

If Simon saw a ghost, he w ould take a photo of u.

ES> GRAMMAR BUILDER 8B: PAGE 118 <23
W ~
Unit 8 ■ What if... ? 75
CULTURE R u b b i s h
8С I can talk about recycling.

1 Look at the photo and the title o f the te xt. Why do you th in k 3 Read the te x t again. Answer the questions.
the fam ily m ig h t be proud o f th e ir dustbin? 1 Why is it d iffic u lt to put the lid on the Strauss fam ily’ s
dustbin?
2 » 3 .1 6 Read the te x t quickly and check your ideas. 2 Why did they stop using plastic bags?
3 Why do they take th e ir own bags to the shop?
4 Why do they buy toothpaste in alum inium tubes?
5 Why does Verona buy one big packet o f crisps every week?
6 Why does the fam ily have a website?
l ’ K G I J I ) [
VOCABULARY Complete the phrases from the te xt w ith the
verbs below.

OI: THIEIIt cause

1
2
eat harm
p o llution
sea creatures
make make recycle reduce
5 ______ left-overs
6 ______ com post
reuse

DUSTBIN! The dustbin is full to the

3
4
bags
packaging
7 ______ waste
8 ______ a difference

» 3 .1 7 Listen to fo u r teenagers ta lk in g about recycling.

Match each person w ith th e best sum m ary o f th e ir opinion.
to p w ith crisp packets
and coloured plastic. In There is one sum m ary th a t you do not need.
fact, it’s so full that it’s Ava Charlotte
difficult to put the lid on. Jam es. A rc h ie __
But the Strauss family,
w ho own this dirty, old I’ m better at recycling than the other people in my fam ily.
dustbin full of rubbish, My fam ily takes recycling very seriously and tries to
are very proud of it. Why? reduce the am ount o f rubbish we produce,
Because it contains all c If there were more recycling bins in my tow n, I would do a
the fam ily’s rubbish fo r a lot more recycling - but I never see any.
whole year! d I’ m aware o f recycling, but I d o n ’t th in k it’ s very im portant
and I don’t really do it.
Two years ago, Richard
e I don’t recycle everything, but I try to recycle when I can -
and Rachelle Strauss
and their daughter Verona read an article about plastic and th a t’s better than doing nothing.
bags and how they cause pollution and harm sea
6 » 3 .1 7 Read the speaking strategy. Then listen again
creatures. They decided to stop using plastic bags
and tic k the phrases you hear.
completely. Now, when they buy food, they reuse their
own bags each time. They recycle as much as they
can - glass bottles, plastic bottles, paper, cardboard, SPEAKING STRATEGY
cans - and they sim ply d o n ’t buy things if they can’t To express your opinion you can use the follow ing
recycle the packaging. (They buy their toothpaste phrases: In my view ... In my opinion ... The way I see i t .
in aluminium tubes just because aluminium can be What I think i s ....
recycled.) And they never throw food away - they eat
their leftovers or use them to make com post.
SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
At the mom ent, it’s im possible to recycle plastic crisp Use phrases from the strategy box and from exercise 4.
packets and sweet wrappers - and Verona loves
1 W hat sort o f things do you recycle at home?
crisps. If she bought a packet o f crisps a day, she’d
2 How can people reuse or repair things instead of
have to throw away lots o f plastic. So she buys the
biggest packets she can find - and each packet lasts replacing them?
for a week! 3 Is there anything else you can do to help the
environment?
The fam ily are keeping a record o f their lifestyle on
their website. They hope that other people will read
it and reduce their waste. If everyone recycled a bit
more, it w ould make a huge difference.
GRAMMAR I W ish ...
I can talk about situations I would like to change.

Look at the pictures and answer th e questions. 4 Complete the sentences. Then match them w ith the th o u g h t
bubbles (1 -4 ).

1 Does she live near a factory? Is she happy about it?

I w ish I knew
som ebod y
here.

a I wish I __________ my bus ticket.

b I wish these b a g s __________ so heavy.
c I wish I _________an umbrella.
d I wish I ______ s till in bed.

5 Complete the sentences with I wish and a suitable verb.

2 Does he know anyone at the party? Is he happy about it?
1 I wish I didn't have- so much homework.
Which tense do we use after wish? Read the Learn this! box. 2 enough money fo r th a t jacket.
Choose the correct tense to com plete rule 1. 3 better at maths.
4 Spanish really well.
LEARN THIS

We use wish + the present / past / future tense to

5 fo o tb a ll as w ell as Messi.
say th a t we w ant som ething to change.
6 as rich as Bill Gates.
I wish people recycled more.
7 in a bigger flat.
Do you wish you lived in another country?
8 an English exam tom orrow.
We norm ally use were instead o f was after I, he, she
and it. 6 Write one wish for each verb below.
I wish it weren’t so cold today.
be can have know live play speak
E > GRAMMAR BUILDER 8D: PAGE 118 <53
I wish I were five vjears older.

Complete these w ishes w ith th e correct form o f the verbs in 7 Work in pairs. Compare your wishes with
brackets. Which w ishes do you agree w ith? your partner.
1 I wish Ferraris didn't cost so much, (not cost)
rs older.
I w ish I were five years
2 I wish the clim ate h e re _________ warmer, (be)
W hat about you?
3 I wish w e _________ study English at school, (not have to) J?
4 I wish I _________ travel into space, (can)
5 I wish a d a y _________ more than 24 hours, (have)
6 I wish I ________ on a boat, (live)
I w ish I were b etter at basketball n
7 I wish a n im a ls ________ _ speak, (can)
8 I wish w e e ke nd s _________ three days long, (be)

Unit 8 » What if... ? 77

re a d in g A real danger?
I can understand an article about a natural disaster.

1 Read the exam strategy. Then look at the pictures and

predict what the text w ill be about. Choose a, b, c or d.
a w hat w ould happen if a huge volcano erupted
b w hat life w ould be like if we lived on another planet
c w hat w ould happen to the Earth if a huge asteroid
collided w ith it
d w hat w ould happen to us if there were a nuclear war

EXAM STRATEGY
If the text is accompanied by an illu stra tio n , look at it
before you start reading. This w ill help you to better
understand the content o f the text.

2 Look at the te x t quickly. Check your answer to exercise 1.

3 » 3 .1 8 Read the te xt. Match headings A -E w ith sections

1 -4 o f the text. There is one heading th a t you do not need.
A What w ould happen?
B Where do the asteroids come from?
C What can we do about it?
D Science fictio n or science fact?
E Why hasn’t it happened already?
It is 2036. An enormous asteroid is going to
4 Read the te x t again. Are the sentences true or false? collide with Earth. If it isn’t stopped, it will crash
1 Most asteroids come from outside the solar system. into the Pacific Ocean, creating a devastating
2 Asteroids can be as big as m ountains. tsunami. What happens next?
3 A large asteroid w o u ld n ’t cause much damage if it landed
in the ocean.
And no, that isn’t a question about the plot of a
4 If an asteroid landed in a very remote area, it could still science fiction film. It’s a question about a very
be a disaster. real danger. There are millions of asteroids in our
5 All o f the dinosaurs disappeared because a huge asteroid solar system, and if a large one collided with the
landed in Siberia. Earth, it would be a disaster.
6 It is possible for an asteroid to change the weather.
7 Scientists don’t know exactly how to make an asteroid
change direction.

5 r f l M a n u T I Find the h ig h lig h te d verbs in the te x t th a t

If a large asteroid crashed into the Earth
belong to the same word fa m ily as th e w ords below. tomorrow, what would happen? If it landed in a
1 death large city, millions of people would die instantly.
2 failure The impact would cause massive destruction -
3 collision imagine colliding with a rock as big as a mountain
4 destruction that is travelling at 20 km/s! If the asteroid landed
5 explosion
in the ocean, there would be a giant tsunami.
6 ».iawi<i:[ci Read the te x t again. Then cover the te xt, and Thousands of cities around the world would
say w ha t w ould happen if a large asteroid landed (a) in a flood. If the asteroid landed in a very remote
b ig city, (b) in the ocean, or (c) in a rem ote area. Use words area of land, there would be fewer deaths at
from exercise 5 to help you. first. However, the explosion would send a huge
cloud of dust into the Earth’s atmosphere. This
dark cloud would block the light and heat from
the sun. Crops wouldn’t grow and it would be
impossible to feed people.

78 Unit 8 ■ What if...?

The short answer is: it has happened already.
About 65 million years ago, most life on Earth
disappeared - including all of the dinosaurs.
We now believe that this was because of a huge
asteroid which changed the Earth’s weather.
The asteroid was at least 10 km in diameter
and landed in Mexico, leaving a hole more than
180 km across.
On the morning of 30 June, 1908, a much smaller
asteroid (about 90 metres across) exploded in the
sky above central Siberia. Nobody lived nearby,
so there were no deaths - although the explosion
was so powerful that it destroyed an enormous
area of forest and knocked a man off his chair
112 km away!

Scientists believe that there are two main options:

we could blow up the asteroid with nuclear
weapons or we could make it change direction.
Both options have their disadvantages. If we
blew up the asteroid, it could break into smaller
pieces. Each piece could then be a danger!
There are several ideas about how to make an
asteroid change direction, but nobody knows
I
which would work best - and it’s impossible to - %'S , % '-■
test the technology. And if we failed, we probably V -

"’i
wouldn’t get another chance.

Unit 8 What if...? 79

e v e ry d a y E n g lis h Stimulus discussion
I can compare ideas fo r fund-raising events.

1 ■.UiMHiHct Have you ever taken part in a fun d -ra isin g event? EXAM STRATEGY
If so, w h at did you do and w hat was the money for?
To ju s tify your choice during a conversation about
the illu stra tio n , use the phrase would + verb. It would
VOCABULARY Look at the tw o photos. Complete phrases
be more fun. It would not be difficult to organise. I’d
a - f w ith the verbs below, then match three phrases w ith
definitely take part. The verb could means the same as
each photo.
would be able to (I m ight, could, etc.). They could ask
collect dress up get sponsor take part wave their families to sponsor them.
a _________ fit e ______ money
b _______ __ as an anim al f __________in a Read th e exam strategy. W rite sentences about the
c _________ at passers-by sponsored run fu n d -ra isin g m ethods in exercise 2 using would and
d _________ a runner the prom pts below.
1 only need a few volunteers
The second method would onfy need a few volunteers.
2 be good for everybody’ s health
3 be easy to organise
4 need a lot o f space
5 make young children happy
6 be embarrassing

Read the task below. Look at the tw o photos. Think

about w hich m ethod you w ould choose, and w rite down
three reasons.

You are raising money to help victim s o f a flood. Look at

the photos below. Which method w ill you choose, and
why? Why are you rejecting the other option?
3 » 3 .1 9 Read the task below. Then listen to Peter doing
the task. How many d iffe re n t reasons does he give for
preferring the firs t m ethod?

You are raising money to buy sports equipm ent for your
school. Look at the photos. Which fund-raising method
w ill you choose, and why? Why are you rejecting the
other option?

4 » 3 .1 9 Listen again. Tick the phrases th a t Peter u s e s -

one from each group (A -D ).
A M aking a choice
I’ d (much) ra th e r...
I’d prefer to ...
I th in k ... w ould be better
I’ d choose ...
B Rejecting options
I don’t th in k ... would be as good
I w o u ld n ’t c h o o s e ...
I’ m rejecting ... because ...
C Giving reasons
This is because ...
The main reason fo r th is is t h a t ...
D A dding extra reasons 7 HagjMtu W ork in pairs. Do the task from exercise 6.
W hat’s m o re ,... Remember to give reasons fo r your choice, and for rejecting
There’s also the fact t h a t ... the o th e r optio n . Use phrases from exercise 4.

80 Unit 8 * What if...?

w r itin g An essay
I can write an essay about improving life in my town.

SPEAKING Read th e lis t o f possible problem s. Which ones Read the w ritin g strategy. In w hich paragraph (1 -3 )
are problem s where you live? o f her essay does Amy:
a ta lk about making the streets cleaner?
b say how she w ould help homeless people?
c ta lk about m ethods o f transport?
d explain why one problem is the m ost serious?
e mention all three problems?

Tick the phrases th a t Amy uses in her essay.

1 do som ething about ...
air p o llu tio n crim e hom elessness lack o f fa cilitie s
litte r noise tra ffic unem ploym ent 2 (try to) re d u c e ...
3 (try to) im prove ...
Read the essay task and Am y’s essay. Which o f her ideas do 4 ban ... / ban people from + -ing
you like best? Why? 5 provide (m o re )...
6 make it illegal to ...
If you were the mayor o f your town or village, w hat would 7 pass a law against + -ing
you do to improve the quality o f life there? Talk about 8 encourage people to ...
three specific problems. Write an essay o f 1 2 0 -1 5 0 words. 9 make it easier for people to ...
10 force people to ...

6 ’ssa'| Am>f Order the w ords to make sentences w hich include phrases
1 Mn| town is a great place to live, but there are a few problems from exercise 5.
here too. Firstly there are quite a lot of homeless people in the 1 do / about / should / we / unem ploym ent / som ething
town centre. Seconds'!, the air quality in the town is not good. 2 reduce / w ould / 1/ tra ffic / to / try
And thirdly there is a lot of litter on the streets. 3 let’ s / to use / make / easier / it / public transport /
people / for
2. If I were mayor, I would build special hostels so people didn't
4 noisy m otorbikes / pass / against / law / a / I’ d
have to sleep on the streets. To reduce air pollution, I would
5 to use / buses / force / we / should / people
encourage people to cycle or wait to wort by banning people
6 facilities / im prove / here / the / try / should / to / we
from driving cars in the city centre. To mate the streets
cleaner, I would provide more rubbish bins in the town centre. I W ork in pairs. Plan your own answer to the essay task
would also mate it illegal to drop litter in the street. in exercise 2. Choose three problem s from exercise 1 or
3 In my opinion, this would mate a big difference to life in my include your own ideas. T hink o f possible solutions.
town. &ut if I could only do one thing, I would ban cars from problem solution(s)
the town centre because air pollution affects everybody's health. 1 ____________________________

Which three problem s from exercise 1 does Amy w rite

about? How many solutio n s does she suggest fo r each one?
1st problem : _____________________ - _______solution(s)
2nd p ro b le m :_____________________ - _______solution(s)
3rd p ro b le m :_____________________ - _______solution(s) 8 W rite an essay using your notes from exercise 7. Remember
to include a ll th e points in your plan.
WRITING STRATEGY
W riting an essay CHECK YOUR WORK
1 Include a short introduction. The introduction should Have you:
explain w hat the rest o f the essay is about. included the inform ation from your plan in exercise 7?
2 Write a longer paragraph fo rth e main body o f the B divided your essay into paragraphs, including an
essay. Include all the necessary inform ation in a introduction and a conclusion?
logical order. included expressions from exercise 5?
3 Include a short conclusion. This should emphasise w ritten 1 2 0 -1 5 0 words?
your personal opinion a n d /o r the most im portant checked your spelling and grammar?
p o in t in your essay.

Unit 8 * What if... ? 81

Language Review

Unit 7 Unit 8
1 Match the gestures (1 -6 ) with the parts of the body you 6 Complete the missing words.
use when you make them. 1 A d_____is an illness you often get from other people.
eye finger hand head mouth shoulders 2 A t _____is a storm w ith w ind which moves in a circle.
3 A d ____ is a long period o f no rain.
1 beckon 3 w in k 5 wave
4 A t_____is a big wave which can come after an earthquake.
2 shrug 4 nod 6 kiss
5 An a____ is when a lot o f snow moves quickly down
M ark: /6 a m ountain.
6 A h _____is a storm w ith very strong winds.
2 Match the special occasions below w ith the months.
M ark: /6
All Saints’ Day Christmas Easter Hatloween
Twelfth Night Valentine’s Day 7 Match the verbs and nouns to make phrases.
1 Ja n ______ 3 M ar/A pr ____ 5 N o v ______ 1 raise a unwanted clothes
2 Feb______ 4 Oct 6 D e c_____ 2 display b a raffle
3 hold c money
M ark: /6
4 donate d a poster
5 sell e a prize
3 Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t or needn’t.
6 win f tickets
1 It’s freezing outside. You wear your coat! M ark: /6
2 You _ ____ cook din n e r for me. I can eat later.
8 Complete the second conditional sentences. Use the
3 S h e ______ bring any money. The tickets are free.
correct form of the verbs below.
4 Y o u______ laugh at him . it’s very rude!
5 Y o u ...... ..... always wash your hands before dinner. be die find learn live play
6 You can borrow my laptop any tim e. Y o u ______ ask. 1 If I was seventeen, I ______ to drive.
Mark: /6 2 I ______ badm inton if there was a sports centre nearby.
3 She w o u ld n ’t be rude to you if y o u ____ nicer to her.
4 Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or w ill 4 If I ______ £50, I’d give it to charity.
form of the verbs in brackets. 5 I’d go swim m ing every day if I ______ by the beach.

1 If y o u ______ (not invite) Eva, s h e _______(be) angry. 6 If a tsunam i h it New York, thousands o f people

2 Y ou______ (not fail) your exam if y o u _______(work) hard. Mark: /6

3 If i t _____ (rain), w e ............. (go) to the cinema.
4 If D a d ______ (see) this mess, h e _______(not be) very 9 Complete the wishes. Use the correct form of the verb in
happy! brackets.
5 T hey______ (not win) the match if th e y _____________ 1 I wish i t __ _so cold today, (not be)
(not start) ptaying better. 2 I wish I ______ a laptop, (have)
6 If I ______ (pass) my exams, I _____ (study) law. 3 I wish I better English, (speak)
Mark: /6 4 I wish money ........ on trees, (grow)
5 I wish I to do homework, (not have)
5 Choose the correct words to complete the dialogue. 6 I wish y o u ______ more patient! (be)

Guide Good morning, *Can / W ill / Do I help you? Mark: /6

Ben Yes. What do you recommend seeing in Cambridge?
10 Match the two halves of the sentences.
Guide Well, w hat are you interested 2at / in / to ?
Ben We’ d like to 3have / go / do some shopping. 1 I’ d rather a w ould be better.
Guide There are some lovely shops in the tow n centre. 2 1th in k a tale n t show b w o u ld n ’t raise much money.

Ben OK. What ‘ else / also / too can you recommend? 3 1w o u ld n ’t choose c th a t it’ s hard to organise.
Guide You 5should / w ill / ought go to the food festival. 4 W hat’ s more, it d do a sponsored run.
It’s very interesting. 5 There’ s also the fact e to collect money in town.
Ben Great! Thanks very 6many / much / l o t . 6 I’d prefer f th a t kind o f event.

Mark: /6 Mark: _ /6

; Total: ^ 1 1/30 T o ta l:|H /3 0

82 I Language Review 7 -8
Lead-in 3 Choose the correct answer.
1 Curtis and Mendis started Comic Relief because
1 Imagine you could start a charity to help one group of
a they knew a lot o f people in TV.
people in your own country or abroad. Which group would
b Jane Tewson asked them to.
you choose and why? What would you call the charity?
c it was easy for them to raise money,
d they wanted to help people in Sudan.
Reading 2 They sold red plastic noses to raise money for people
a in Africa and the UK.
2 Read the text. Explain the significance of these dates and b in poor countries around the w orld,
numbers. c alt around Britain,
1985 1988 1997 27 m illio n 600 m illio n d in Africa and Latin America.
3 What was different about Red Nose Day in 1997?
a Some fam ous people to o k part.
b Red Nose Day was on TV.
c The BBC organised fundraising events,
d People bought red noses.
4 The author JK Rowling helped Comic Relief by
a donating money she made from Harry Potter.
b making a Harry Potter CD.
c wearing a red nose on TV.
d w ritin g tw o special books for the charity.

Listening
4 $ 3 .2 0 Listen to Anna, Dani and Jack discussing Red
In 1985 there was a terrible famine in the African country
Nose Day. Who suggests these fu n d ra isin g events?
of Sudan. Richard Curtis, a British comedy writer, and
a a sponsored run
his friend Alexander Mendis saw the news reports and
b a quiz night
wanted to make a difference. They began a charity
c a talent show
called Comic Relief, w ith the help of charity worker Jane
Tewson. 5 $ 3 .2 0 Listen again. Are th e sentences true or false?
In 1988, the charity had the idea o f selling red plastic 1 Jack and Dani are already discussing Red Nose Day when
noses to raise money. It was a huge success, and Anna arrives.
selling red noses became a regular part of the charity's 2 Anna th in ks a sponsored run is a great idea.
fundraising efforts. They also encouraged people around 3 Dani really likes quizzes.
Britain to organise sponsored events - the funnier the 4 The tale n t show w on’t ju st be for singers.
better. The money helped projects all over Africa and in 5 They decide to do tw o o f the three ideas for events.
the UK too. 6 Red Nose Day is over a month away.

In 1997, BBC television supported Comic Relief w ith a

whole afternoon and evening of special TV programmes, Speaking
calling it Red Nose Day. 6 Work in pairs. Discuss th e three ideas fo r fundraising
events from th e lis te n in g and decide w hich is the best idea.
People around Britain organised fundraising events
Why are you rejecting the o th e r tw o ideas?
around the same tim e and sent their money to Red Nose
Day. In total, the event raised over £27 million for charity.

Since it began, Comic Relief has raised more than £600 W riting
million, thanks to the generosity o f the British public and 7 Im agine you have organised a fu n d ra isin g event fo r Red
the help of the celebrities who take part. The charity Nose Day. W rite an in v ita tio n to your friends.
produces books, CDs and other items to help raise • Explain the type o f fundraising event.
money. In 2001, JK Rowling wrote tw o books for Comic • Give the tim e and place o f the event.
Relief based on her famous Harry Potter novels, and all • Say w hat the plans are (food? fancy dress? etc.).
the money from the sales went to the charity. • Ask your friends to reply.

Skills Round-up 1 -8 83
THIS UNIT INCLUDES

Crime scene
Vocabulary ■ crimes and crim inals ■ word form ation: noun suffixes -er, -/'stand -ian
■ colloquial expressions
Grammar ■ past perfect ■ reported speech
Speaking ■ asking and replying to personal questions ■ reporting a th e ft
■ giving opinions
W riting ■ an em ail

v o c a b u la r y a n d lis te n in g Crimes and criminals

I can describe different crimes.

1 Match six of the news headlines on the webs

with the photos. Can you name the crimes in the photos

NewsToday.com HOME FOREIGN SPORT WEATHER

T O P C R IM E S T O R IE S

1 -* M urderer escapes fro m D artm oor Prison

2 -* Drug dealer caught and jailed fo r six years
3 -* Police investigate shop manager over th e ft
o f £10,000
4 -* Country house burgled - valuable electrical
goods stolen
5 -* Police arrest sh o p lifte r fo r te n th tim e
6 - ► Joyriders steal cars and set fire to them
7 -* Gang robs bank in broad daylight
LOOK OUT! rob and steal
8 -* Yobs vandalise public to ile t
You rob a place or a person.
9 -* Arsonists set fire to old house Gangsters robbed a bank on Saturday.
10 -* Muggings on th e increase in London You steal som ething from a person or a place.
Someone has stolen my calculator.

2 » 3 . 2 1 Complete the chart with words from the 5 » 3 . 2 2 Read the Lookout! box. Then choose the correct
headlines. Then listen and check. verb in the sentences. Listen again and check.

Verb 1 A gang o f crim inals robbed / stole a bank in central Paris

Crime Crim inal
1 yesterday.
arson set fire to (a b uilding, etc.)
2 The police have questioned / asked a num ber of
burglary burglar 2 a house teenagers.
drug dealing 3 deal drugs 3 Police suspect th a t som ebody deliberately put / set fire
to the hall.
joyriding 4 go jo y rid in g
4 Somebody broke / burgled into Highfield School on
5 mugger mug someone
Saturday night.
s h o p liftin g 6 s h o p lift 5 A woman stole / robbed jew ellery w orth £1,000 from a
robbery robber ^ someone / shop in the town centre.
a bank, shop, etc. 6 Police escaped / arrested a 45-year-old man yesterday in
connection w ith her death.
8 th ie f steal som ething
vandalism vandal s som ething 6 Work in pairs. Decide which three of the crimes
m urder 10 m urder someone in exercise 2 are the most serious, and why. Tell the class
which crimes you have chosen.
Are any of these crimes a problem where you live?
We t h in k ... is the most We d o n ’t th in k ... is as serious
E5> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l) : PAGE 132 < S i serious crime b e c a u s e ... a s ... b e ca u se ...

» 3.22 Listen to six news reports. What are the crimes?

Choose from the crimes in exercise 2. E> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 132 <31
84 Unit 9 ■ Crime sceney
g ra m m a r Past perfect
/ can describe an event using different past tenses.

Read the text. W hat did the man steal? Complete the te xt. Use the past perfect form o f the verbs
in brackets.
Last weekend, a very large man walked
out of a shopping centre in Moscow with
a cash machine on his shoulders that Last Saturday morning,
weighed 9 0 kilograms. a giant chocolate rabbit
He had entered the shopping centre and disappeared from a sweet
had pulled the cash machine out of the shop window.
wall! Fortunately, a shop assistant had The shop owner wondered
seen the crime and called the police. They w ho 1----------------------
arrested the man later as he was trying
(steal) it, as he
to put the cash machine into his car. The
2---------------------- (not see)
man later told the police that he had
the thief pass by. Later
trained as a sumo wrestler!
on, he watched the shop's
security film and found
Look at the verbs in blue in the text. Did these events happen out that a three-year-
before or after the man walked out o f the shopping centre? old g ir l 3----------------------
(take) the 60-centimetre-
Complete rule 2 in the Learn this! box w ith before, after or tall rabbit! The child 4---------------------- (pull) the large
at the same time as. chocolate animal out onto the street and
5----------------------
(hide) it in her pushchair.
1 We form the past perfect w ith had or hadn’t + past
Her m oth er 6---------------------- (not notice) this. She was
participle.
When I g ot home, the thieves had stolen my confused when she later found the rabbit, but she only
motorbike. realised w h a t 7---------------------- (happen) when she saw
now a photo of herself in the newspaper!
past | future
- X ----------- — X —
T t
The thieves stole- got home. Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect and your
my motorbite. own ideas.
1 I was worried that I had lost my Keys.
2 We use the past perfect to ta lk about an event that
2 I couldn’t believe th a t ...
ha p p e n e d ____________ another event in the past.
3 I was embarrassed because ...
He remembered that he hadn’t locked the doors.
4 I was disappointed because ...
Had they already finished eating when he arrived?
5 I was pleased because ...
6 I suddenly remembered t h a t ...

4 Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect form o f the Imagine one bad th in g th a t happened yesterday, and w rite
verbs in brackets. (For sentences 5 and 6, look again at the it down. Look at th e examples to help you.
Look out! box on page 45.)
The dog chewed my trainers.
1 A fter the th ie f____________ (steal) the painting, he sold My brother brofce my iPod.
it online. M'f mum burned my dinner.
2 The police arrived after the s h o p lifte r_______
(run away). 8 IH J IM liM Play a m em ory game in class. Each stu de nt adds
3 The police caught the vandals after th e y ____ ________ an idea from exercise 7. Remember to use the past perfect.
(smash) a shop window.
4 A fter the p o lic e ____________ (catch) him , he confessed When I got home When I got home yesterday,
to the crime. yesterday, the dog had the dog had chewed my
5 The house was em pty when the burglars broke in chewed my trainer. trainer, and my brother had
because w e ____________ (go) to the shops. broken my iPod.
6 After the teen agers____________ (go) joyriding,
they burned the car. When I got home yesterday
I2> GRAMMAR BUILDER 9B: PAGE 120 <53
Unit 9 s Crime scene 85
CULTURE Outlaws
I can understand a story about a legendary character.

1 ».liJJJKimi What do you know about Robin Hood? Have you EXAM STRATEGY
seen any films about him?
When com pleting a tru e /fa ls e listening task, before
listening to the text, read the questions to find out w hat
2 » 3.2 3 Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, and find:
inform ation you need. Listen to the text very carefully.
1 the century in which Robin Hood probably lived.
Sometimes one word or expression can be the answer.
2 the name o f the king at th a t tim e.
3 the name o f the forest where Robin Hood lived.
5 » 3 . 2 4 Read the exam strategy. Listen to three people
3 Read the text again and match sentences a -e with gaps talking about whether it is ever OK to steal. Are the
1 -4 . There is one sentence that you do not need. sentences true or false?
a Richard’ s brother John ruled England w hile he was away, 1 Kevin th in ks it’ s OK to steal in some circumstances.
b But it is the heroic figure in the legend th a t we remember, 2 Kevin th in ks it’ s better to steal from a shop than a big
c However, he was also a great fighter, organisation.
d In fact, stories about the adventures o f Robin Hood have 3 Jill’ s friend th in ks it’s OK to steal.
existed for over six hundred years, 4 Jill th in ks it’ s never OK to steal.
e They also robbed rich people who were travelling through 5 A shop assistant once gave Andy the wrong change.
the forest and gave the money to poor people. 6 Andy feels bad about underpaying in the restaurant.

VOCABULARY Match the highlighted words in the text with SPEAKING Work in pairs. Do you think it’s ever OK to steal?
the definitions below. Give reasons and examples.
1 a very large group o f soldiers
2 facts th a t show th a t som ething is true
3 fought (to do som ething); had great d ifficu lty (doing
som ething)
4 a person who leads a country, and has power
5 people who have com m itted crimes, and are hiding
6 som ething th a t is very u nfair/w rong

T h e Legend o f Robin Hood

Robin H ood is one o f the most popular and interesting
figures in English folklore, and his story is quite well
known across the world. 11 I 1There have been several
film s made about him , including three in H ollyw ood.
But who was he, and did he actually exist?

In the thirteenth century, the story goes, there was a

brave young man in N ottingham who fought against
injustice w ith his band o f outlaws. A t that tim e, K in g
Richard and his army were fig htin g in foreign lands.
12 | | Tohn was a mean and cruel ruler, and so was his
friend - the terrible S h eriff o f N ottingham . The S heriff
demanded money from all the people who lived in the
area o f N ottingham . The poor had to pay large amounts,
and struggled to survive and feed their families.

In the legend, Robin H ood was angry at the injustice There is some evidence that a man called Robin H ood
and decided to fig h t against it. He and his band o f actually lived during the thirteenth century, but it is
outlaws lived in Sherwood Forest, an enormous wood unlikely that he was quite such a good man. | 4
near N ottingham that belonged to the King. They Today, Sherwood Forest is a tourist attraction. Nearly a
hunted the K in g ’s deer for food. I 3 | | The forest was m illio n people every year go to the Visitor Centre there
considered a dangerous place, but to Robin and his band, to learn about B rita in ’s most famous outlaw. A n d even i f
it was a place o f safety, away from the S heriff’s men. he wasn’t quite such a great man, i t ’s a gieat story!

86 Unit 9 * Crime scene

Read the te xt. Did M ark steal the bag? Did the police officer Rewrite w h a t Freya says using reported speech
believe him?

1 I’ m bored.
Mark was sitting at the bus stop when a young man ran
Freya said that she was bored.
up and put a bag on the bench next to him. He told Mark
that he could have the bag, and then ran off. Mark was 2 I don’t w ant to watch a film .
confused. He was just looking inside the bag when a 3 I’ m going to ring Lesley.
police officer arrived and told Mark that she was arresting 4 I can’t find my mobile!
him. She said that Mark had stolen the bag. Mark replied 5 I can borrow my m um ’ s phone.
that he was innocent, but the officer said that criminals 6 My mum doesn’t have Lesley’ s num ber on her phone.
always pretended they hadn't done anything wrong. 7 I’ m going to Lesley’ s house.

Read the quotations and underline the parts o f the te x t in 6 Rewrite the quo ta tio n s in reported speech. Change the
exercise 1 w here th e y are reported. pronouns if necessary.

1 ‘You can have this bag.’ 1 ‘ I stole a CD from the music shop,’ he said.
2 ‘ I’ m arresting you.’ He said that he had stolen a CO from the music shop.
3 ‘You stole the bag.’ 2 ‘ I w ant to catch the sh o p lifte r,’ the security guard said.
4 ‘ I’m inn oce nt!’ 3 ‘The police arrested a vandal,’ she said.
5 ‘Criminals always pretend they haven’t done anything 4 ‘ It’s d iffic u lt to catch drug dealers,’ said the police
w rong!’ inspector.
5 ‘We are questioning two teenagers about the burglary,’
Compare the quo tations in exercise 2 w ith the underlined the police officer said.
te x t in exercise 1. How do th e verbs and pronouns change? 6 ‘ I som etim es go jo yrid in g w ith my friends,’ he said.
7 ‘The police are looking for the bank robbers,’ she said.
Read th e rules in the Learn this! box and choose th e correct 8 ‘A boy in my class vandalised a park bench,’ my brother
o ptions: a or b. said.

When you change dire ct speech to reported speech, W rite tw o true sentences and one false sentence. Use the
1 verbs in the present sim ple usually change to present sim ple, present continuous, past sim ple or can.
a the future. b the past sim ple. I. I never have breakfast
2 verbs in the present continuous usually change to 2-, I'm going to a barbecue on ‘Saturday.
a the present sim ple, b the past continuous. 3. I can touch my nose with my tongue.
3 verbs in the past sim ple usually change to
8 n a ftiH iK ti Work in pairs. Read the sentences to your
a the past perfect. b the present perfect.
partner. Your partner reports them to a nother pair o f
4 can students. They say w h e th e r the sentences are true or false.
a changes to could. b doesn’t change.
5 pronouns
a always change. b sometimes change,

E2> GRAMMAR
depending on the context.

BUILDER 9D: PAGE 1 2 0 -1 2 1 <21

James said th a t he never had breakfast

V
D
Unit 9 a Crime scene 87
re a d in g High-tech crime
I can understand texts about modern crimes.

1 U J M W M Look at the photos and the title s o f the fo u r texts Read the texts again. Match two sentences about the
(A -D ). W hat do you th in k the crimes have in common? ‘high-tech criminals’ with each text. Write A, B, C or D.
1 He worked w ith o ther crim inals_______
» 3.25 Read texts A -D quickly and match them w ith the
2 The id e n tity o f the crim inal is a mystery_______
words and phrases (1 -4 ).
3 He ran an advertising company_______
1 credit or d e b it card fraud 4 He sent ju n k em ails which w eren’t ille g a l_______
2 a com puter virus 5 He tried to steal money from thousands o f people.
3 spam 6 He d id n ’t actually com m it a crim e_______
4 ide ntity th e ft 7 He/She stole a lot o f money from one person______
8 He damaged com puters in many countries_______

ybec
Crime the person w ho se n t it used the m illion ‘ju n k e m a ils’ e ve ry day. M any
in fo rm a tio n to steal S a m ’s id e n tity people w e re v e ry a n g ry w hen they
and open a new bank account. They received e n o rm o u s n um bers of
then m oved S a m ’s m oney into the em ail ad ve rtise m e n ts, but W allace
Ia I I Copy c a t new account, to o k the m oney out, had n ’t d one anything illegal. Then,
A m an w a s ja ile d fo r fo u r years and closed the account. S am still in 2009, W a lla ce se n t em ails to 14
last w e e k fo r copying th o u sa n d s d o e sn ’t know w h o se n t th e fake million F a ce b o o k users. T he em ails
o f deb it cards. T he o g o n e s de em ail. directed them to o th e r w e bsites that
M ontford w as the le a d e r o f a gang paid W a lla ce fo r each visit. T hat
o f crim inals w ho added a special [cl I Em a i l my l o v e w as illegal and he w as told by the
hidden m a chine to cash m achines t o you co u rts to pay F acebook $711 million.
at petrol stations. T h e tiny m achine ‘I love y o u ’ w a s an em ail m essage
copied the in form ation fro m the th a t people w e re delighted to
debit card s th a t people put into the receive. It w as s e n t to th o u sa n d s
m achines. The gang then m ade o f pe o p le on the m orning o f 4 M ay
copies o f the cards and used them 200 0 . But it co n ta in e d a virus! W hen
to buy th in g s in shops and on the th e y opened th e em ail, the virus
Internet. T hey also put th e cards w e n t to eve ryo n e in th e ir a ddress
into cash m achines and to o k m oney book. It qu ickly spread aro u n d the
from p e o p le ’s bank accounts. De w orld, and caused te rrib le dam age
M ontford had copied 3 5 ,0 0 0 cards to hundreds o f c o m p u te r system s.
and had stolen over £720,0 0 0 ! M ost large org a n isa tio n s, including
the B ritish g overnm ent, had to close
Are you who
IB 1 'I th e ir em ail system s to get rid o f it.
you say you a r e ? A Filipino c o m p u te r p ro g ra m m e r
Sam Jenkins w as astonished had w ritte n the virus. T h e police
w hen she discovered th a t her bank a rrested him, but at th a t tim e it
a cco u n t w as em pty. Ju st tw o w eeks w a s n ’t a crim e to w rite co m p u te r
before, the re had been £ 15,000 in viruses, so th e y had to let him go.
it. The bank told h e r th a t she had
m oved th e m oney h e rs e lf to a new Ip I IC lick on t h e
account w ith an o th e r bank. A m onth lin k
before, S am had received an em ail S anford W a lla ce is called the 'S pam
w hich asked her to give personal K in g ’. D uring the 1990s, he had a
inform a tio n such as bank a cco u n t c o m p a n y called C yb e r P rom otions,
details, passw ords and PIN w hich helped o th e r c o m p a n ie s to
num bers. She th o u g h t the em ail a d ve rtise th e ir p roducts by email.
w as from her bank, but it w a s n ’t - He did this by sending ab o u t 30

88 Unit 9 * Crime scene

VOCABULARY Complete these nouns from the texts.

1 machine (text A)
2 account (text A)
3 inform ation (text B)
4 word (text B)
5 num ber (text B)
6 programmer (text C)
7 email (text D)

5 Complete the sentences with nouns from exercise 4.

1 I get so annoyed w ith all th is _____________ I never w ant
anything th a t they’ re advertising.

2 It’ s essential to rem ember y o u r_____ _______when you

w ant to get cash out from a _____ _

3 You m ustn’t te ll anyone y o u r_____________ They could

use it to s te a l____________ from you.

4 My sister is an a m a zin g _____________ She can even

make com puter games!

5 I’ve ju st opened a n e w ................... ..... fo r the money from

my new job.

6 E E 3 3 B 0 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

1 Have you ever received ju n k email? Does it annoy you?
2 Why do you th in k people create com puter viruses?
a They are vandals.
b They w ant people to notice and admire them ,
c It is a challenge - they w ant to see if it’s possible,
d They are bored and have nothing better to do.
e Another reason (say w hat it is).

I th in k people create com puter viruses because ...

------------------------------------------------------- -
3 In your o pinion, should people who create com puter
viruses go to prison? Why? / Why not?

4 In your o p in io n , which o f the ‘crim es’ in the texts is the

worst? Give reasons.

Unit 9 * Crime scene 89

e v e ry d a y E n g lis h Reporting a theft
9F I can report a theft and describe what was stolen.

1 Describe the picture. W hat is happening? What 4 In B ritain, we use ‘ please’ a lo t w hen we make polite
do you th in k the people are saying? requests. Complete these requests w ith the w ords below.
Which ones are used in the dialogue in exercise 1?

ask could if may mind

Polite requests
Would you 1 [+ -ing form ],please?

2 you , please?

______you could ju s t^ .________________________________

Could I “______ you to ..., please?

____ I ju s t a skyo u some questions?

Q 3 .2 7 Listen to a conversation in a police station.

Choose th e correct answers.
1 M ichael th in ks th a t som ebody stole his w allet
O fficer Good afternoon. W hat can I do for you?
a in the to u ris t inform ation office.
S ally I’d like to report a th e ft, please. Someone
b in a café.
has stolen my rucksack.
c in the park.
O fficer May I ju s t ask you some questions? Where
2 The police officer advises M ichael to
did you last have the rucksack?
a go back to the café.
S ally I th in k I le ft it in a shop in the high street.
b contact the credit card companies,
O fficer And when was that?
c contact the travel insurance company.
S ally A bout h a lf an hour ago.
3 M ichael wants the police officer to
O fficer And you’ve been back to the shop to see if
a find the phone num ber o f his bank,
it’ s there?
b look for a man he saw in the to u rist inform ation office,
S ally Yes, I w ent straight back, but it w asn’t there.
c contact his bank for him.
O fficer OK, I’ ll ju s t take some details. Could you
describe the rucksack, please? $ 3 .2 7 Listen again and tic k the questions th a t the
S ally Yes, it’ s yellow. It’ s made o f canvas. police o ffice r asks.
O fficer And w hat was in the rucksack?
1 a W hat can I do fo r you? EH
Sally Some books, some keys and some make-up.
b How can I help you? HH
O fficer OK. Was there any ID in the rucksack?
2 a Would you m ind te llin g me your name, please? EH
S ally I’ m not sure.
b Could you te ll me your name, please? EH
O fficer That’ s fine. If you could ju s t fill in th is form,
3 a Could I ask w hat was in the wallet? EH
b If you could ju st te ll me w hat was in the w allet. ED
4 a Would you m ind describing the w allet, please? EH
b Could I a skyou to describe the w allet, please? EH
2 |$ 3 .2 6 Read and listen to the dialogue. Is the situation
form al or inform al? Work in pairs. Prepare a dialogue in a police station. Use
the language in exercises 4, 5 and 6 to help you.
3 W ork in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue, S tudent A: You are the victim o f a theft.
changing th e w ords in blue. Use inform ation from the chart. • Decide w hat has been stolen and where you last had it.
• Decide w hat it looks like and, if appropriate, w hat was
Colour Material Contents
in it.
w allet café, an brown plastic £10 in cash, • Report the crime at the police station.
hour ago cre d it card S tudent B: You are a police officer.
school bus stop, black leather schoolbooks, • Ask questions about w hat has been stolen, where and
bag ju st now mobile, when.
calculator • If necessary, give advice to Student A.
sports you decide you decide canvas you decide
bag 8 E Ü S M I Act out your dialogue to the class.

Unit 9 ■ Crime scene

w r itin g An email
9G I can write an email describing a crime.

We often use colloquial expressions and abbreviations in

1 iHilWMUM Read th e em ail quickly. Choose the correct
emails. Find expressions and abbreviations in M illie’s email
answers. Give reasons.
that mean the same as the phrases below.
1 M illie is Lisa’ s frie nd / siste r / teacher.
1 a m a n ______________________________________
2 The message is form a l / inform al.
2 ran very fa s t______________________________________
3 s to le n ______________________________________
4 g ro u p ______________________________________
5 s h o u tin g ______________________________________
6 laugh out lo u d ______________________________________
7 th in k ______________________________________
8 bye for n o w ______________________________________
9 What are you doin g ?________________________________

Read the w riting strategy and identify the three types of

information in M illie’s email.

WRITING STRATEGY
When reporting an event, the inform ation should be
given in the follow ing order:
1 Context. Describe the place o f the event. Use the
past continuous to describe the background,
e.g. w hat the people were doing or wearing or w hat
Hi Lisa, the w eather was like
2 The description o f the event. Use the past simple
I've ju s t got back. I m ust te ll you w h a t I saw on the
as w ell as the past perfect and past continuous.
w a y home!
3 The summary. Write a short summary or describe
I was w a lk in g d o w n Fore S treet w hen a guy suddenly
your reaction to the event.
shot o u t o f a d e p a rtm e n t store. A s e c u rity g u a rd was
chasing h im and shouting 'Stop h im ! Stop th a t m an!’
He’d o b vio u sly nicked som ething. Imagine you w itnessed a crime. Plan an em ail to a friend
B ut a bunch o f teenagers at the end o f th e road had describing th e crime. Make notes using the questions
heard all the ye llin g. One o f them stuck his fo o t out. below.
The m an trip p e d and fe ll over. Then the re s t o f the • What was the crime? (shoplifting/vandalism /m ugging?)
teenagers sat on him ! LOL! Then th e s e c u rity guard • Who were the criminals? (how many? age? description?)
a rriv e d and held the th ie f u n til th e police a rrive d . • What did they do? (steal/dam age something? mug
A pparently, he’d stolen some v e ry expensive watches. someone?)
It was awesome - ju s t lik e in a film ! I reckon the • What happened? (called police? shouted for help? they
teenage boys w ill get a re w a rd . ran away?)
BFN M illie x • Did the police catch the criminals? (chased the
criminals? arrested them? they escaped?)
PS W h a t are you up to th is evening?
W rite the em ail (1 2 0 -1 5 0 words).

Read the em ail again and put the events in the order th a t
th e y happened.
Have you:
a | | M illie arrived home. included the inform ation from your plan in exercise 5?
b []A man stole some watches from a departm ent store, set the scene, described the events and used inform al
c | | The police arrived. language?
w ritten 1 2 0 -1 5 0 words?
d Q T h e man ran out of the departm ent store, chased by a
checked your spelling and grammar?
security guard,
e | | The teenagers sat on the man,
f | [The man fell over,
g | | A teenager tripped up the man.

Unit 9 * Crime scene 91

Listening Speaking
i E m m sm m Describe the photo. Use the words Do you know the names of any
below to help you. organisations which campaign for environmental
protection, endangered species or animal rights?
dangerous degrees Celsius endangered species
What do they do to help?
hunt ice m elt polar bear seal swim
tem perature th e Arctic
4 Complete the questions with the words below. Then, in
pairs, ask and answer the questions.

charity leaflets march petition politician

Have you or anyone you know ever:
• donated money to a ____ ? Which one?
• sent an email or a letter to a ______ ?
• given out ?
• been on a protest _ _ ?
• signed or organised a ______ ?

5 Do the exam task.

SPEAKING exam task

You are ta lk in g to a friend about a charity event you
are both organising. Include in form ation ab o u t the
fo llo w in g points:
• Which charity w ill you support?
• W hat kind of event w ill you organise?
• How w ill you advertise the event?
• How much money do you w ant to raise?

Use of English
2 Do th e exam task. 6 Do the exam task.

LISTENING exam task USE OF ENGLISH exam task

» 3 .28 You w ill hear part o f a radio docum entary about Complete th e sentences w ith th e correct form o f the
polar bears. Decide if the sentences (1 -7 ) are true (T) w ords in brackets.
or false (F). Put X in the appropriate space in the table. 1 There was a h u g e ______eruption at M ount St Helens
in 1980. (volcano)

DD 2 You can s a v e ______by tu rn in g o ff lights, (electric)

3 We m ust s to p ______ our rivers and lakes, (pollution)
1 Polar bears live in more than one
4 There are s o m e ______ bins in the car park, (recycle)
country.
5 campaigners advise people to use tap water,
2 They have to live on sea-ice. not bottled water, (environment)
6 T h e ______ o f the rain forest w ill lead to an increase
3 Polar bears m ainly eat whales.
in global warming, (destroy)
4 The main threat to polar bears is hunters. 7 Each y e a r,______ 200 b illio n bottles o f w ater are
consumed globally, (approximate)
5 The am ount o f ice has ju st started to
decrease.

6 Polar bears die in the sea because they

can’t swim very well.

7 There are only 2,000 polar bears now in

the Arctic.

92 Get Ready for your Exam 5

Get Ready for your Exam

Reading 5______ When he came out he started to produce pictures

7 EEnai m i a ^ a Complete th e sentences w ith the in the style o f famous artists again. But he put his name on
w ords below. the back, as he’ d done before he met Drewe. M yatt is now
fam ous and instead o f charging £150 fo r a painting, he can
art collector forgery o rig in a l p a in tin g style
charge £ 4 0 -5 0 ,0 0 0 .6______
1 I’ve got a poster o f Van Gogh’s Sunflowers in my room.
T h e _____ p ainting is in a museum in Amsterdam. A That’ s more than Drewe gave him fo r his ‘genuine’
This isn’t a genuine Picasso. It’ s a ____ . paintings!
My uncle is a n _______ He’s got about 100 paintings. B It w asn’t illegal.
In our art lesson we tried to paint in t h e ______ o f Monet. C Then he decided to stop copying fam ous paintings.
What a beautiful - ! W ho’s it by? D M yatt only spent four m onths in prison for good
behaviour.
8 Do the exam task. E They are so good th a t experts can’t te ll th a t they are
not originals.
EXAM STRATEGY F It was the same paint th a t people use to paint houses!
Read the text for general understanding, ignoring the G Between 1986 and 1994 they sold about 200 paintings
gaps. When choosing the m issing sentences for the and made over a m illion pounds.
gaps, rem em ber th a t the sentences m ust fit the context,
make sense and be gram m atically correct. Speaking
9 Match th e w ords below w ith the
READING exam task photos in th e speaking exam task. Which o ther w ords
Read the text. Complete each gap (1 -6 ) w ith a sentence m ig h t you need to describe them?
(A-G ). There is one sentence th a t you do not need to use. queue clothes food free guard happy prison
Real or fake? prisoner punish uniform canteen

John M yatt is an artist. He may not be the greatest artist

10 Do the exam task.
in the w orld, but he is possibly the w o rld ’s greatest forger.
He is able to paint pictures in the style o f fam ous artists SPEAKING exam task
like M onet and Matisse. Choose one o f th e photos and discuss these points:
1______ This unusual skill got M yatt into a lot o f trouble • who the people are
in the 1990s. For many years he taught art at a secondary • where they are
school, but then he got divorced and he gave up his job to • w hat is happening in the photo
spend more tim e w ith his children. In o rd e rto make some
money he started painting pictures in the style o f famous Compare and contrast
artists and selling th e m .2______He was honest about his th e photos. Answer the
w ork - he wrote his name on the back, and he sold them questions.
for £150 each. 1 How are life in prison
and normal life different?
However, one o f his custom ers, John Drewe, started
2 How are the people in
to resell M yatt’ s paintings as genuine, original works.
the photos feeling?
Drewe had sold one o f M yatt’s paintings for £ 2 5,000. He
contacted M yatt and suggested th a t they go into business
together. M yatt agreed. He continued to paint and Drewe
sold his paintings to art collectors around the w orld.

The am azing th in g is th a t M yatt painted his pictures with

decorator’ s p a in t.4______ But it soon came to an end.
Drewe was divorced too, and his ex-wife found out about
the forgeries. She w ent to the police and they arrested
Drewe and Myatt. At th e ir tria l Drewe was sent to prison
for six years and M yatt fo r less than one year.

Get Ready for your Exam 5 93

THIS UNIT INCLUDES

Q The written word

Vocabulary ■ publications ■ books and te xt ■ words related to literature
Grammar ■ the passive (present and past simple)
« the passive (present perfect and future)
Speaking ■ ta lk in g about reading habits ■ arranging to meet
Writing ■ an inform al tetter

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING P u b lic a tio n s

I can identify and talk about different publications.

1 i- ii w u h c l W hat was the last book you read? Did you enjoy 5 W ork in pairs. Do you recognise any o f these
it? Who w rote it? Tell your partner. characters? W hat books are th e y from? y ^

VOCABULARY Divide the lis t o f p u blications below into tw o

groups: fiction and non-fiction.

Publications atlas a utobiography biography comic

cookbook d ictio n a ry encyclopaedia gram m ar book
guidebook magazine m anual new spaper novel
play sho rt story te xtb o o k thesaurus

3 » 3 .2 9 pronunciation Listen, repeat and check.

U nderline the stress in each word.

VOCABULARY I Which publication from exercise 2 would you

read if you wanted to:
1 read the story o f a person’ s life, w ritten by that person?
2 read the story o f a person’ s life, w ritten by someone
else?
3 find out which countries are next to Egypt?
4 learn how your new HD TV works?
5 look up a word you don’t understand?
6 read som ething w ritten for the theatre?
7 read stories w ith lots o f pictures and not many words? 6 Match the books from exercise 5 w ith five o f the authors
8 find inform ation about rainforests? below. Do you know any o th e r books by these authors?
9 read the latest gossip about pop stars? Jane Austen A rth u r Conan Doyle Charles Dickens
10 read a long fictio n a l work? JRR Tolkien Lewis Carroll Stephenie Meyer JK Rowling
11 read about w hat is happening in the world?
12 find out w hat to do and see when you’ re on holiday? 7 » 3 . 3 0 Listen to Matt and Rachel doing a questionnaire.
13 find out how to cook a nice meal? Complete the sentences with Matt or Rachel.
14 prepare for a maths exam?
1 reads a tot o f comics.
15 find different words w ith the same meaning?
2 reads a lot o f magazines.
16 learn the rules o f the English language?
17 read a short fiction a l work? 3 _____ finds film s more exciting than books.
4 _ ______ thinks fame is more im portant than money.
5 has w ritten a science-fiction short story.
* FOOD
* ^OUNDTHtW
OULD
..
8 » 3.30 Listen again. Complete the questions.
1 books a year do you read?
O xford
D ictionary o f 2 Would you rather read a novel or _ ______ o f th a t novel?
E n g lis h 3 If you were an author, would you prefer to b e _________
but fam ous, o r ________ but unknown?
4 Have you ever w ritten a short story f o r _________ ?

9 fa a J M M d Work in pairs. Ask and answ er the questions

from exercise 8.

E> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART l ) : PAGE 133 <23 E> VOCABULARY BUILDER (PART 2): PAGE 133 <21

94 Unit 10 ■ The written word

g ra m m a r The passive (present and past simple)
I can describe the different stages o f a process.

1 Read the facts. Which do you th ink is the most surprising? Complete the sentences in the chart. Use the present or
past simple passive form of the verbs in brackets. Then
match four of the sentences with pictures a-d.

Publishing - past and present

50 y e a rs ago Today
Manuscripts1 (w rite) M anuscripts2 (type)
by hand or on a typewriter. on a computer.

The finished manuscript The finished manuscript

3 (send) to the 4 (email) to the
publisher by post. publisher.

Pictures 5 (draw) on Most pictures6

paper. (create) on a computer.

Metal plates7 (make) Some b ooks8 . _ (print)

by the printers. directly from a computer.

Books9 (sell) only in More books10______ (buy)

bookshops. online than from bookshops.

Did you know ... ?

M o re th a n 3 2 m illio n books are k e p t in th e L ib ra ry
o f Congress in W a sh in g to n , D.C.

E very b o o k th a t is p u b lish e d in th e U K is sent to

th e B ritis h L ib ra ry free o f charge.
57 books are b o u g h t every second b y shoppers in
th e USA.
Before 1 4 5 0 , books w e re n ’t p rin te d - th e y were $ 3 .3 1 Listen and check.
copied b y hand.
6 Complete the questions. Use the correct passive form of the
The fir s t H a rry P o tte r m a n u s c rip t was o ffe re d to
verbs in brackets.
tw elve p u b lish e rs - and th e y a ll said no!
a Was the Duke o f Edinburgh Award scheme started by
T he novel G adsb y: C h a m p io n o f Y outh was
the Queen’ s husband? (start)
w ritte n in 1 9 3 9 b y E rnest V in c e n t W rig h t w ith o u t
b ______ teenage surfer Bethany H a m ilto n ______ by a
usin g the le tte r ‘e’. shark? (attack)
A copy o f A lic e ’s A d v e n tu re s in W o n d e rla n d was ______ fox-hunting _ in the UK in 2004? (ban)
sold fo r $ 1 .5 m illio n in N e w Y ork. ______ Farm V ille ___ by 82 m illion people around the
world? (play)
______ the first Pirates of the Caribbean f ilm __ in
2 Find three examples of the passive in blue in the text. 2010? (make)
Complete the rules in the Learn this! box. ______ Facebook_______by more than 60% o f people in
the UK? (use)
LEARN THIS

1 The passive is formed w ith the correct form o f the verb ______ A pril Fool’ s D ay______ in France? (celebrate)
and the past participle. ______ the E a rth _______by an enorm ous asteroid about
2 We use t h e ______ sim ple for the present passive and 65 m illion years ago? (hit)
th e . . sim ple for the past passive. ______ E ngland _______ by King John during the fifteenth
3 If we want to say who performed the action, we use by. century? (rule)

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in

Underline five more examples of the passive in exercise 1. exercise 6. You can find the answers in these lessons:
Are they present simple passive or past simple passive?
a 1C c 3C e 4B g 7E i 9C
E2> GRAMMAR BUILDER 10B: PAGE 122 <21 b 2E d 3E f 6C h 8E

Unit 10 » The written word 95

CULTURE To be or not to be?
I can understand inform ation about Shakespeare.

In pairs, use the words below to make the title s o f five Complete th e sentences about Shakespeare using one
plays by W illiam Shakespeare. Have you seen any o f them word.
on TV, or in the cinema or theatre? Shakespeare w a s __ __in Stratford-upon-Avon in the
and and Caesar Cleopatra A ntony Hamlet Juliet sixteenth century.
Julius Lear King Romeo 2 He h a d ______ brothers and sisters
3 He studied a t . . but not at university.
Read the te xt. W hat do these numbers refer to? 4 Susanna was Shakespeare’s fir s t_______
5 Hamnet and Judith are the names o f Shakespeare’ s
1 eight 4 thirty-seven
2 fifteen 5 a hundred and fifty-four
6 In London, Shakespeare made a lot o f _
3 eighteen 6 fifty-tw o
7 Shakespeare wrote love poems fo r a man and woman but
I. ‘Dhafc&speare was one- of eight children. th e ir ______ is still a secret.
8 Shakespeare returned to Stratford five years before he

W illiam Shakespeare 4 » 3 .3 2 Listen to the interview s. W hich plays from

W il l ia m S hakespeare is exercise 1 are they stu d yin g at school?
p ro b a b ly th e m o s t fa m o u s
p la y w r ig h t in h is to ry . H e
was b o rn o n 23 A p r i l 15 64
in S tra tfo rd -u p o n -A v o n in
E n g la n d . H e w as one o f e ig h t
b ro th e rs a n d sisters. H is
fa th e r, J o h n S hakespeare, was
1 Leon 2 Maya 3 Riley
a successful b u sin essm an .
W il l ia m w e n t to s c h o o l in $ 3 .32 Listen again. Choose the correct o ption s (a -c).
S tr a t fo r d a n d le a rn t L a tin
1 Leon w ent to see a Shakespeare play w ith his
a n d G re e k , b u t he d id n ’t go to
a parents. b English teacher, c classmates.
u n iv e rs ity . A t th e age o f fifte e n
2 Leon th in ks Shakespeare’s language is
he w e n t s tra ig h t to w o rk in h is fa th e r s business.
a amazing. b too d iffic u lt. c quite modern.
W h e n he w as e igh teen , he m e t a n d fe ll in love w ith A n n e
3 Maya th in ks the stories in Shakespeare’ s plays are
H a th a w a y . S he w as e ig h t years o ld e r th a n h im . T h e y g o t
a exciting. b slow. c d iffic u lt to follow .
m a rrie d in N o v e m b e r 15 82, a n d six m o n th s la te r th e ir
4 Maya th in ks the best way to enjoy the plays is to
watch them
d a u g h te r S u sa n n a was b o rn . I n 1585 th e y h a d tw in s , H a m n e t
a n d J u d ith . L i t t l e is k n o w n a b o u t th e fo llo w in g seven years o f
a w ith a teacher, b in a theatre. c on film .
h is life . W e o n ly k n o w th a t he m o ved to L o n d o n , le a v in g A n n e
5 Riley finds Shakespeare’s plays interesting because o f the
a n d th e c h ild re n in S tra tfo rd , a n d th a t b y 15 92 he w as w r it in g
a to p ie s . b characters. c topics and
characters.
plays a n d w o r k in g as an a c to r.
6 Where did Riley see Romeo and Julietl
H is plays w e re v e ry p o p u la r a n d he m a de a lo t o f m oney. I n a In New York. b In Stratford. c In London.
15 97 he b o u g h t a b ig ho use in S tr a tfo r d fo r h is fa m ily , b u t he
stayed in L o n d o n fo r a f u r t h e r th ir te e n years. H e c o n tin u e d
Complete the sentences w ith the words below.

to w r ite a n d a c t a n d also b o u g h t a th e a tre . I n 1611 he fin a lly Types o f lite ra tu re plays poems novels sh o rt stories
re tir e d a n d m o v e d b a c k to S tr a tfo r d to liv e in th e house he h a d
1 A playw right w rite s ________ .
b o u g h t. I n to ta l, S hakespeare w ro te 37 plays a n d 154 son nets
2 A novelist w rite s . . a n d /o r _
(fo u rte e n -lin e poem s). S om e o f h is love p o e m s are addressed
3 A poet w rite s ___
to a m a rrie d w o m a n , a n d som e o f th e m are addressed to a
yo u n g m a n . N o b o d y k n o w s th e id e n tity o f these tw o p e ople. SPEAKING Name some fam ous w rite rs from your country.
S hakespeare d ie d in S tr a tfo r d o n h is b irth d a y , on 23 A p r i l Can you rem em ber any o f th e ir works?
1616, a n d was b u rie d in th e c h u rc h w h e re he h a d been
c h ris te n e d 52 years e a rlie r. Franz Kafka was a novelist. One o f his m ost
fam ous w orks is the novel The Trial.

96 Unit 10 ■ The written word

g ra m m a r The passive (present perfect and future)
I can use d iffe re n t form s o f the passive.

1 Look at th e photo and read the te xt. W hat do you th in k are SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer th e questions
the advantages and disadvantages o f ebook readers? Use in exercise 3.
th e w ords below to help you.
Have you ever been Yes, I have. / No, I haven
v/en’t.
convenient lig h t/h e a v y b o o ksh e lf paper stung by a bee?
screen space carry le n d /b o rro w

Bookss.the final chapter? Complete the facts. Use the present perfect passive form of
the verbs in brackets.
Printed books have been bought and
sold fo r hundreds o f years and during
th a t time, they haven't changed very
much. Until now.
The idea o f an electronic book with
a screen instead o f pages has become
reality. Ebook readers have been
produced and millions o f ebooks
have been downloaded from online
stores.
At the mom ent, there are about 725,000 ebooks on
Amazon - but thousands more will be added every year
in the future. So has the final chapter been w ritten? Will
printed books be completely replaced by ebooks? They
haven't been replaced yet, but perhaps soon ‘real’ books In the last five minutes ...
w o n 't be sold in shops at all - they'll be kept in museums!
• 6 3 5 m illio n unw anted emails have been received in the
USA and Europe.

Underline the passive form s in the te xt. What tense are

they? Complete the table w ith examples from th e te xt.
• three new books 1_________ (publish) in the w o rld
• five books 2_________ (sell) in the USA.
• 1 5 ,0 0 0 te x t messages 3_________ (send) in the UK.
@
• 5 ,0 0 0 pages 4_________ (add) to the In te rn e t.
1 present perfect, affirm ative
• 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 letters and parcels 5_________ (deliver)
E xam ple:_________________________ by the Royal M ail in the UK.
2 present perfect, negative • 12 0 hours o f video 6_________ (add) to YouTube.
E xam ple:_____________________
3 present perfect, interrogative 6 Complete the predictions. Use the future passive form
Example: _ __ __________________ (affirmative or negative) of the verbs in brackets.
4 will future, affirm ative Twenty years from now ...
E xam ple:________ ________________ 1 c o m p u te rs_________ (sell) for $5.
5 will future, negative 2 h o u se w o rk_________ (do) by robots.
E xam ple:__________________ _______ 3 s m e lls _________ (include) in the film s and TV shows you
6 will future interrogative watch at home.
E xam ple:_________________________ 4 h o te ls _________ (build) on the moon.
5 all e xa m s_________ (take) online.
§ 2 » GRAMMAR BUILDER 10D: PAGE 1 2 2 -1 2 3 <S3 6 c a rs _________ (power) by solar energy.
7 C h in e se _________ (spoken) by everybody in the w orld.
W rite questions. Use the present perfect passive and ever. 8 w a rs _________ (fight) to get fresh water.
1 you / sting / by a bee
Have- '(ou ever been slung b^ a bee? SPEAKING Discuss the predictions in exercise 6 w ith the
2 you / bite / by a dog or a cat class. Do you agree or disagree w ith them?
— -------- — -----------------_
3 you / injure / playing sport
I’ m sure hotels w o n ’t I th in k housework w ill be
4 your house / burgle
done by robots.
5 your m obile phone / steal
6 your hair / cut / by a fam ily mem ber

Unit 10 ■ The written word 97

re a d in g Vampire stories
I can understand a text about vampire novels.

1 SPEAKING Look at the photos. Do you know (a) the author, 3 Read the text again. Match headings A-F with paragraphs
(b) the book, (c) the actor? 1 -5 . There is one heading that you do not need.
A A 21st-century hit
2 $ 3.33 Read the text quickly. What type of text is it? B The firs t modern vam pire books
Choose a, b, c or d. C Addicted to vampire stories
a an article c a short story D Why film s are more popular than novels
b a personal account d an interview E The original novel and film
F Why teenagers love vam pire stories

4 E B Z S n nH S I Find these words related to novels in the text.

The Vampires Then match them with the definitions below.

Novels chapter characters epilogue female lead

Return
plot sequel
the people in a novel
another book which continues the same story
a section o f the book
|1 | | They’re young, th e y’re rebellious and th e y have a taste an extra b it o f story at the end
for blood. This description fits n o t o nly the character! in the events o f the story
m odern vam pire novels, b u t also m any o f the readers. Some the main girl orw o m a n in the story
teenagers love vam pire stories so m uch, i t ’s alm ost an
addiction. But w hat is th e ir appeal? Is it the m o r the
characters? A n d w hy are th e y so popular w ith teenagers in
vam pire film , Nosferatu. The
pa rticu lar (apart from the blood)?
film was so sim ila r to Bram
12 1 | The m odern fashion fo r vam pire stories probably started Stoker’s novel th a t his fa m ily
in 1 9 7 6 , w ith the p ublica tio n o f Interview w ith the Vampire, to o k legal action against the
a novel by the A m erican w rite r A nne Rice. This novel and its film studio - and won. The
s ^ iiS lS are know n as The Vampire Chronicles and about 8 0 film studio had to destroy
m illio n copies have been sold around the w o rld . They are the film , b u t fo rtu n a te ly a
different fro m earlier vam pire stories in one im p o rta n t way: few secret copies survived
some o f the vam pires are likeable characters. For example, the and in the 1990s, the film
m ain character, Louis, needs to d rin k blood to survive, b u t was seen again fo r the firs t
he hates h arm in g people. There are tw o diffe re n t sides to his tim e in seventy years. Like a
personality and m any teenagers can id e n tify w ith this. W hen tru e vampire, Nosferatu came
the stories were made in to a film , the p a rt o f Louis was played back fro m the dead! A n d a
by Brad Pitt. lo t o f the fa m ilia r im agery
o f vampires w h ich teenagers
13 | | The m ost successful vam pire books o f the last ten years
love - pale skin, black hair,
are the four novels in the Tw ilight series, by Stephenie Meyer.
red lips - dates back to the
The books are a bout the relationship between the female lead,
orig in a l novel and film .
Bella Swan, and a young, sensitive vam pire called Edward
Cullen. The firs t novel, Twilight, was w ritte n in 2003. W hen H o rro r stories are p a rticu la rly popular w ith teenagers,
the author finished the fin a l ch a p te r she w rote an epilogue and th a t is p a rtly the appeal o f vam pire novels. But teenagers
... and then another, and th e n another. She realised she had also enjoy the im p o rta n t themes: the fig h t between good and
enough ideas for m ore novels. That is w hy she w rote the evil, o r the difference between w h a t you w a n t to do and w hat
sequels - and m illio n s o f teenagers around the w o rld are glad you should do. For example, in the T w ilight books, can Edward
th a t she did! They love the m ix o f fantasy, h o rro r and romance. show his love fo r Bella and lo o k after her, o r w ill the ‘vam pire
The novels have been made in to successful film s too. side’ o f his personality win? These issues are interesting for
teenagers, w ho are ju s t sta rtin g to face life ’s big questions
141 I A lth o u g h Tw ilight is a 2 1 st-century sensation, in fact
about love, m orality, good and evil. For teenagers in the real
the p o p u la rity o f vam pire stories is n o th in g new. In 1897, the
w orld, m ost problem s aren’t a m atter o f life and death, b u t they
Irish w rite r Bram Stoker w rote a novel called D racula. Twenty-
often feel like it.
five years later, the film d ire cto r Max Schreck made the firs t

Unit 10 ■ The written word

Complete the questions with the words below. Use each
^ 3 .3 4 Read and listen to the song. Who is the singer
question word once only.
talking to? Choose a, b or c.
How many What When Which Who Why a a person she b it and made into a vampire
1 When was Interview with the Vampire published? b a person who b it her and made her a vam pire
2 ______ wrote The Vampire Chronicles? c a person she danced with who later became a vampire
3 ______ copies o f the novels have been sold?
4 ______ did Stephenie Meyer write im m ediately after the
last chapter o f Twilightl
______ did Bram Stoker’ s fam ily take legal action?
______ them es do vam pire stories often deal with?

6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in

There's a crack in the m irro r
exercise 5.
A nd a bloodstain on the bed
When was Interview with
There's a crack in the m irro r
In 1976.
the Vampire published? A nd a bloodstain on the bed
Oh you were a vam pire and baby
I’m the w alking dead
Oh you were a vam pire and baby
I’m the w alking dead

I got the ways and means

To New Orleans
I’m going dow n by the river
W here it's warm and green
I'm gonna have a drink, and walk around
I got a lo t to th in k a b out oh yeah

There's a rocking chair by the w in d o w

Down the hall
I hear som ething there in the shadow
Down the hall
Oh you were a vam pire and now I am
N othing at all
Oh you were a vam pire and now I am
N othing at all

I got the ways and means

To New Orleans
I'm going dow n by the river
W here it's warm and green
I'm gonna have a drink, and walk around
I got a lo t to th in k about oh yeah

8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

1 Would you like to be a writer? W hy?/Why not?
2 What kind o f book w ould be m ost interesting to write,
in your opinion? (novel, cookbook, travel guide, etc.)
Explain your choice.

r W ^ il d you like to be a writer?

Idn’t. )
No, I would

not?
Because I th in k it would
be really boring.

Unit 10 ■ The written word 99

e v e ry d a y E n g lis h Arranging to meet
I can make arrangem ents to meet somebody.

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to be A and B. Use

1 ^ 3.35 Read and listen to the dialogue. When and where
expressions from exercises 3 and 4.
are Jack and Sophie going to meet?
S tu d e n t A: Suggest an activity below.
S tudent B: Suggest an alternative activity.
S tudent A: Accept S tudent B’s suggestion.
Hobbies and interests go for a bike ride watch a DVD
listen to music go shopping play basketball
have lunch watch TV play computer games

6 Çè 3 .3 6 Listen to th e conversation between Lisa and Gary

and choose the correct answers (a -c ).
1 Lisa and Gary are both
a in an entertainm ent store,
b on a bus.
c near the park.
2 Lisa suggests meeting
a in the park.
Hi, Jack. It’ s Sophie. Are you in town? b at the bus stop,
Yes, I am. I’ m at the sh o p p in g centre. c in the superm arket.
Great! Do you fancy m eeting up? 3 Gary w ould prefer to buy
Yes, OK. W hat do you w ant to do? a some food.
I’d like to see the new Ben S tille r film . b a present,
OK. Why d o n ’t we have som ething to eat first? c the new Shakira CD.
I’d rather see the film first, if th a t’s OK. 4 In the end, they decide to do
It starts in forty m inutes. a w hat Gary wants.
Jack Fine. Where do you w ant to meet? b w hat Lisa wants,
Sophie Shall we meet by the bus stop? c w hat they both want.
Jack Good idea. I’ ll be there in fifteen m inutes.
$ 3 .3 6 Listen again. Which tw o phrases from the
Sophie OK, great. See you later!
strategy box do you hear?
Jack Why don’t we go for a pizza after the film?
Sophie Sure. Why not?
Work in pairs. Prepare a dialogue, fo llo w in g the
in stru ctio n s below. Use phrases from exercises 3 and 4.
2 ».lafciaMd Work in pairs. Practise reading the dialogue, S tudent A
changing the words in blue. Use your own ideas. • You are on the bus to town.
• You need to buy a book for school.
3 Find three different ways of making a suggestion in • You w ant to go fo r a burger at a café next to the
the dialogue in exercise 1 and three different ways of bookshop, so you phone your friend and suggest it.
responding. Then complete 1 -3 below.
S tudent B
1 m eeting u p ? __________ • When your friend phones, you are at the sports centre
2 meet by the bus s to p ? __________ in town.
3 go for a pizza after the film ? __________ • You have ju s t finished a game o f basketball.
• You need a book for school, too. You don’t like burgers
4 Read the speaking strategy. Who suggests an alternative - you would rather go for a pizza.
in the dialogue in exercise 1? What phrase is used?
9 Act o u t your dialogue to the class. Remember to
SPEAKING STRATEGY include expressions from exercises 3 and 4.
When negotiating you w ill need to come up with
an alternative solution. You can use one o f the
follow ing phrases:
I’d prefer to ... I’d rather... Why don’t we... instead?

100 Unit 10 ■ The written word

WRITING An informal letter
I can w rite an inform al letter.

Read the letter. Answer the questions. Underline the expressions in the letter that Helen uses to:
1 Who is Helen w ritin g to? a express a like and dislike.
2 What has she invited her to do?
3 What has Helen ju st finished doing? c decline an invitation,
d give advice,
e express sympathy.

Match the expressions below with functions a -e in exercise

2. Compare them with the expressions that Helen uses.
1 Are you free to ... ?
2 I heard a b o u t.... What a shame!
3 I’ m really into ..., but I’ m not th a t keen on ...
4 You ought to ...
5 I’ d love to, but I’ m afraid I can’t ...

Use expressions from exercises 2 and 3 and your own

words to:
1 invite som ebody to a Halloween party.
2 express sym pathy for som ebody w ith a broken arm.
3 give advice to som ebody who is starting a new school.
4 decline an invitation to a barbecue.
5 express a like for film s and a dislike for sport.

WRITING STRATEGY
Start an inform al letter w ith your address and the date.
You do not need to write the recipient’s address or
h is /h e rtitle . You don’t need to introduce the subject
o f the letter either.

B ................................................
Read the w riting strategy. Match A and B at the top of
Dear Grandma
Helen’s letter with two of the functions below.
How are 'jou? I was sorr') to hear about -four cat. You must miss Helen’ s fu ll name the date Grandma’ s address
him. Are 'fou going to get another pet? Helen’ s address a title fo r th e letter

Thanks for inviting us ail to lunch netf Saturday I'm really

You have just received a letter from your English friend. In
sorq, but I can't mate it. There's a rehearsal for the school
the letter, he says that he has just failed his driving test. He
pla'j that afternoon and I reall-f can't miss it.
also invites you to visit him in England next summer. Write
(Siuess what? I've ju st finished reading The Lord of the- P-ings. a reply (120-150 words). Remember to include information
Thanks so much for giving it to me. I'm not mad about the on all of the points and use informal expressions.
film, but I love the book. • Express sym pathy about the driving test.
• Accept or decline the in vitation to visit.
Have 'jou read The Hobbit? If not, I think 'jou should read it. • Say w hat book you’ve been reading and w hether you’d
It's quite similar to The Lord of the P-ings but it's much shorter! recommend it.
I can lend '(ou a cop'j if '|ou want to read it. • Invite your friend to come and visit you next year.

Write back soon!

CHECK YOUR WORK
Love
Have you:
Helen laid out the letter correctly?
included the inform ation in exercise 6?
PS Do -jou fanq coming to see the school pla^? It's netf used inform al language and expressions?
weekend. I can get '(ou a ticket. w ritten 1 2 0 -1 5 0 words?

Unit 10 * The written word 101

Language Review

Unit 9 Unit 10
1 W rite the w ords fo r the people who com m it these crimes.
6 Match the title s (1 -6 ) w ith the types o f book (a -f).
arson arsonist
1 Quick meals a textbook
1 burglary 4 s h o p liftin g .
2 My best years b biography
2 murder ...... 5 joyriding
3 French for beginners c cookbook
3 vandalism 6 robbery ______
4 Travelling in Africa d manual
Mark: _ /6 5 How to use your phone e autobiography
6 Chopin: his life f guidebook
Match the w ords (1 -6 ) w ith a -e to make com pound nouns.
Mark: _ /6
1 junk a word
2 com puter b account 7 Complete the text w ith the words below.
3 pass c programmer
chapter characters epilogue female lead plot sequel
4 bank d inform ation
5 personal e email All the main 1 ____are introduced in the f ir s t 2________
6 cash f machine This includes the 3______ , Tara, a girl w ith strange powers.
The 4______ is fu ll o f exciting action. At the end o f the book,
Mark: __ /6
there’ s a s h o r t5______ and in it, we learn th a t Tara actually
died 100 years before the story begins! I really loved this
3 Complete th e em ail. Use th e past perfect form o f the verbs
below. book, and I hope th e re ’ ll be a 6______ soon.
Mark: /6
not buy come not do d rin k drop spend
Hi Ahmed
8 Complete the sentences about London life. Use the present
My parents got back last night. They 1______ the weekend in or past simple passive form of the verbs below.
Brighton visitin g my grandm a. They w eren’t too happy with
me! 12______ any w ashing up alt weekend. 13_______alt the hold leave speak use visit wear
m ilk and juice, and I any food. A friend o f mine 1 A bout 300 languages .. in London.
3___ _ round to watch a DVD on Saturday night and he 2 The British M u s e u m ___ by about 4.5 m illion people
6______pizza on the sofa. I’ m in big trouble! last year.
Mark: /6 3 Large black hats ... by the guards outside
Buckingham Palace.
4 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech. 4 A bout 100,000 m obile phones in London taxis
last year.
1 ‘ Ellie can use my phone,’ said my brother.
2 ‘ It’s too cold to play vo lle yb a ll,’ said Laura. 5 The London Underground by 4 m illion people
3 ‘ I did my hom ew ork,’ said my sister. a day.
4 ‘ I’m not laughing,’ said my dad. 6 The first Notting Hill carnival in 1964.
5 ‘The soup tastes funny,’ said Grace. M a r k :___/6
6 ‘ I d o n 't w ant to watch TV,’ said )enny.
Mark: /6 9 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1 Somebody has stolen my jacket.
5 Put the lines o f the dialogue in the correct order. 2 They’ ll wash your car w hile it’ s in the car park.
a Q When did you last have the bag? 3 Somebody w ill ring a bell when it’ s tim e for dinner.
b Q Yes, I w ent straight back but it had disappeared, 4 They’ve b u ilt a lot o f new houses in the capital.
c Have you been back to the park to see if it’ s there? 5 They’ve made cheese in th is village for centuries.
6 One day, th e y’ ll only sell music online.
d Q ] Hello. What can I do for you?
e Q ] A bout tw o hours ago in the park, M ark: /6
f Q I’d like to report a th e ft. Somebody has stolen
my bag.
Mark: _ /6

102 Language Review 9-10

Skills Round-up

10 W rite th e m issing w ords to com plete the dialogue. Reading

Boy Do you 1 m eeting up in town? 4 Look quickly through the new sletter and find out w hy Jack
Girl Sure. Why 2 . we meet at the cinema? is not sad about leaving Golden Hills.
Boy I’ d 3 meet on the oth e r side o f tow n, in the
sho pping centre. 1 need to buy a few things. 5 Read the new sletter. Match paragraphs A -D w ith sentences
1 -5 . There is one sentence th a t you do not need.
Girl F in e .4 we m eet outside the café at 11.30?
Boy O K .5 d o n ’t we have a d rink at the café and 1 Two members o f s ta ff are going to leave.
then do some shopping? 2 Recent fundraising has been very successful.
Girl Sure. Why 6 ? See you later! 3 There are plans for im proved sports facilities.
4 Golden Hills has had a successful summer.
M a r k :___/6
5 It hasn’t been possible to solve a crime.
T o ta l:H l/3 0

Lead-in
1 W ork in pairs. How much do you rem em ber abo u t Anna,
Dani and Jack? Which event (a -f) did not happen? Put the
others in the correct order. O f l After three very busy months, the holiday camp is now
a O Anna w ent shopping in Leeds, relatively quiet - until Christmas! Once again, the months of
June, July and August have been a great success, w ith more
b Q Anna, Dani and Jack planned a fundraising event,
guests than ever before. We have received excellent feedback.
c Q Anna, Dani and Jack w ent to the cinema in Leeds,
Thanks to everyone for all your hard work.
d O Jack and Anna w ent for a drive together,
A car was stolen from the Holiday Camp earlier this
e O Anna started w ork at Golden Hills,
month. The police are investigating, but so far, no arrests have
f Q Jack fixed Anna’ s m obile phone. been made. They have appealed for inform ation and they would
particularly like to speak to anyone who was on duty that day.
Listening To improve security, new lights w ill be fitted next week.

2 ^ 3 .3 7 Listen to the conversation. How is Anna fe e lin g m Thanks to everybody who took part in last month’s
by th e end? Choose tw o o f the adjectives below. events for Red Nose Day. The sponsored run raised over £500
and was organised by Dani from the gym. Well done, Dani!
angry bored confused embarrassed pleased sad And well done to Anna and Jack, who organised the amazingly
successful talent show, which raised over £1,000!
3 ^ 3.3 7 Listen again. Choose the correct answer.
Q J Unfortunately, we say goodbye to both Jack and Anna
1 Anna is leaving Golden Hills to in September. Anna is starting a full-tim e degree course at
a w ork in Liverpool. the University o f Liverpool. Jack is starting a job in the IT
b find accom m odation, department of Mersey Software Ltd., which is also based in
c start a degree course. Liverpool. We wish them both lots o f luck.
2 She is first going to live
a in a rented flat.
b in a house w ith other young people, Speaking
c in a room provided by her university. 6 W ork in pairs. Role-play a telephone conversation between
3 Jack is leaving Golden Hills because Anna and an E nglish-speaking frie n d . Talk about:
a he’s found another job.
• some o f the things th a t have happened since Anna
b he’s lost his job there,
started w orking at Golden Hills.
c he w ants to try a d ifferent career.
• how Anna feels about leaving, and her plans for the future.
4 Dani invites Jack to
• an arrangem ent to meet.
a watch a DVD and eat pizza,
b see a film and have some food,
c have dinner in a French restaurant. W riting
5 Jack’s good mood surprises Anna because 7 Im agine you are organising a leaving pa rty fo r Jack and
a he’ d been in a bad mood earlier in the day. Anna. W rite an announcem ent giving:
b they had had a big argum ent the day before, • the reason for the party.
c she th o u g h t he’ d be sad th a t she’ s leaving. • the tim e, date and venue o f the party.
• w hat w ill be provided (food, drink, etc.).

Skills Round-up 1-10 10

Grammar Builder

їв Present simple and continuous Complete the phone conversation. Use the present simple
or the present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the picture. Ask and answer the
- 1.3, 1.6
questions. Use the present continuous.
Emma Hi Dan. W h a t1____________ (you / do)?
Dan N othing much. 12________ ___ (read) my
horoscope in a magazine.
Emma W h a t3____________ (it / say)?
Dan ‘At the m om ent things 4_______ (not go)
w ell. But be patie n t and o p tim is tic .’
Emma 5____________ (you / believe) in horoscopes?
Dan Not really. H e y ,6_________ ___ (you / w ant) to do
som ething th is evening?
Emma OK. W hat’ s on at the cinema?
Dan Only a rom antic comedy. 17_ (not like)
them much.
Emma W hat kind o f film s 8________ (you / like)?
Dan Action film s. I re a lly 9_______ _ (want) to see
the new M att Damon film . But i t 10___________
(not come) out u n til July. That’ s ages away.
Emma Well, you’ ll ju st have to be patient - like your
1 the girls / wearing / jeans? horoscope says!
h-re the. girls wearing jeans? Yes, tlne-f are.
2 the dog / sittin g down? ID Verb + infinitive or -ing
3 the girls / standing up?
4 they / drinking?
5 Match the two halves of the questions. Then answer them.

5 the sun / shining?

- 1.7, 1.8
6 the girls / chatting / on th e ir mobiles? 1 Do you expect
2 When you were a child, did you spend a lot o f tim e
Make the affirmative statements negative. Make the 3 Are you looking forward to
negative statements affirmative. 4 Do you mind
1 I play chess school after school. 5 Do you promise
I don't pla'f chess after school.
a playing w ith cars and trains?
2 She’s w earing a brown dress today.
b not to te ll anyone my secret?
3 He doesn’t like wearing suits.
c leaving school?
4 My dad works in M anchester every day.
d to go to university?
5 My sister isn’t going out th is evening.
e speaking in front o f a lot o f people?
6 It’ s raining at the mom ent.
6 Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or -ing form of
Complete the questions. Use the present simple or the
the verbs in brackets.
present continuous.
1 Kay and Martin agreed _____ (go) and see a film together.
1 How many languages___________________ ? 2 Who sug g e ste d _____ . (see) a film tonight?
She speaks French, German and Italian.
3 Why did Kate refuse ____ (help) you?
W h y___________________ ? 4 Sara always avoids _ ___ (ask) her parents fo r money.
I’ m sm iling because I’ m happy. 5 I can’t h e lp __ (eat) chocolate when I’ m stressed.
Where __ ________________ his homework? 6 George decided ____(take) the bus to town.
He does his hom ework in his bedroom . 7 Jason expects _ __ (go) w ith Sally to the concert.
W h y___________________ com puter games? 8 I don’t m in d ___ _ (help) my sister with her homework.
I’m playing com puter games because I’m bored. 9 Do you fa n c y __ _ (come) to my house for dinner
When __ _____________ on holiday? tomorrow?
I’ m going on holiday at the end o f the month. 10 We h o p e __ (finish) school early today.
How _______ - to school?
They go by tram.

104 Grammar Builder a

(!$§£■$
zm s k r im

Grammar Reference

Present simple Present continuous

We form the present sim ple like this: We form the present continuous like this:
• the correct form o f be + the -ing form of the main verb.
Affirmative
Daniel is eating. / Are vjou placing?
1 play we play
you play you play Spelling: verb + -ing form
We add -ing to the end o f most verbs.
h e /s h e /it plays they play
play + -ing -» playing study + -ing -* studying
Spelling: 3rd person singular (he/she/it) If the verb ends in a consonant + -e, we usually drop the
We add -s to the end o f m ost verbs. -e and add -ing.
+ -s start -* starts play -* plays -e -* -ing w rite -» w ritin g m a k e -» making
We add -es if the verb ends in -ch, -ss, -sh or -o.
+ -es teach -* teaches miss -* misses We use the present continuous:
do -* does go -* goes • for som ething th a t is happening now.
If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, we change -y to / and Look! It’s raining.
add -es. • fo r som ething th a t is happening tem porarily, not
- y — -ies study -> studies carry -» carries necessarily at the m om ent o f speaking.
mum's learning &nglish in the evenings.
1 .2 1 . • for arrangem ents in the future.
VJe're placing tennis tomorrow.
Negative
Full form Short form We d o n ’t use the present continuous:
• w ith certain verbs, e.g. believe, hate, like, love, need, know,
I do not play I don’t play
prefer, want.
you do not play you don’t play
I like this music. (NOT - I’ m likin g this m usic.)
h e /s h e /it does not play h e /s h e /it doesn’t play
you do not play you don’t play Verb + infinitive or -ing form
we do not play we don’t play When we put tw o verbs together, the second verb is
they do not play they don’t play usually in the in fin itive or the -ing form.
I want to go home, (infinitive)
[ Interrogative Short answer John suggested placing chess, {-ing form)
Do 1 p la y ...? Yes, 1do. / No, 1don’t. B ritish teenagers like to watch TV. / B ritish teenagers like
watching TV. (in fin itive or -ing form)
Do you p la y ...? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t.
Does h e /s h e /it p la y ...? Yes, she does. / No, she Below is a list o f verbs th a t are follow ed by the infinitive,
doesn’t. the -ing form, or both.
Do w e /y o u /th e y p la y ...? Yes, w e /y o u /th e y do. / verb + infinitive verb + -ing form Verb +
No, w e /y o u /th e y don’t. infinitive or
-ing form
We use the present sim ple:
agree offer avoid finish begin
• for som ething th a t always happens or happens regularly
decide prepare can’t help im agine continue
(e.g. every week, often, som etim es).
Sall'i cycles to school ever-f da-f. expect pretend can’t stand practise hate
• for facts. fail promise spend tim e don’t mind like
£ows eat grass.
hope refuse enjoy suggest love
• w ith certain verbs th a t are not used in continuous tenses,
manage seem fancy prefer
e.g. believe, hate, like, love, need, know, prefer, want.
I like this music. (NOT - I'm lik i ng th is m usic.) mean want feel like start

Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 1 105

Grammar Builder

Past simple J Past simple and continuous

W rite th e past sim ple form o f the regular (1 -8 ) and 5 Complete the te xt. Use th e past continuous form o f the
irre gular (9 -1 6 ) verbs. ,2 .3 verbs below.
1 expect 9 lose do not rain stand take th in k w a it
2 compete 10 draw
Everybody in the stadium 1__ ___ for the match to start.
3 stop 11 do
The players 2______ on the pitch. Some o f them 3_______
4 equalise 12 go
exercises and others 4_____ about the game. It was a
5 miss 13 make
cold night. I t 5_____ , but the ground was wet. A lot o f
6 carry 14 come
s p e c ta to rs 6______ photos w ith th e ir m obile phones.
7 score 15 give
8 face 16 say Complete the dialogue. Use the past sim ple or past
continuous form o f the verbs in brackets.
Complete the sentences. Use the past sim ple a ffirm ative
O fficer ____(you / do) at 8.30 p.m. yesterday?
or negative form o f the verbs in brackets. Some are regular
and some are irregular. Woman . ____ _ (watch) a film on TV. The film 3______
(end) at quarter to ten.
1 We (leave) the match early because it was boring.
O fficer W hat was it called?
2 My sister was sad because s h e ______ (not win) her
Woman I can’t remember. I 4_____ (not pay) attention.
tennis match.
O fficer W h a t5______ (you / do) after the film?
3 Liverpool _ _ (not score) a goal - it was Chelsea 1,
Woman I 6______ (make) a cup o f tea and 7_ (go) to
Liverpool 0 at the end.
bed. That was at ten o’ clock.
4 W e ______ (not like) playing table tennis outside because
O fficer How do you know?
it was too cold.
Woman Because the church c lo c k 8______ (strike) ten
5 I _ _ _ _ _ (run) really fast fo r the first 300 metres, but was when 19____ _ (turn) o ff the light.
slower over the final 100 metres.
6 Y o u ______ (win) by three sets to one. Well done! 7 Complete the sentences. Use the past sim ple or past
7 My grandad a lw a y s______ (prefer) rugby to football. continuous form o f the verbs in brackets.
1 The basketball p la y e r______ (catch) the ball and .
Complete the dialogue w ith past sim ple questions and
(throw) it to another player.
sh o rt answers.
2 My dad (arrive) home w hile I (watch) an
Ed W h a t1 _____ (you / do) on Saturday? ice hockey match on TV.
V icky I w ent to the skating rink to watch ice hockey.
3 The referee _ _ _ (stop) the match because it
Ed What match 2 __ _ (you / see)? (snow).
Vicky The New Jersey Devils against the New York Rangers. 4 The cyclist (put on) his helm et and ....(get
Ed 3____________ (you / enjoy) it?
on) the bike.
V icky Yes, *_____________ It was great.
5 She _ _ (break) her leg w hile she _ - ( s k i) .
Ed 5____________ (the Rangers / win)?
6 The Los Angeles Lakers _ _ (score) 30 points in the
V icky N o ,6_____________ But I like the Devils!
last ten m inutes, but they _ _ _ (not win) the game.
7 It ____ (not rain), so we _ _ _ _ _ (play) tennis in the park.
Complete the te x t messages w ith was, wasn’t, were and
8 Maria _ _ _ (surf) when she _ (see) a shark near
weren’t.
the beach.

8 Complete the text. Use the past simple or past continuous

form of the verbs in brackets.

Y ou1 at school yesterday. Where 11_____ _ (arrive) at Sam’ s party at 9.30 p.m. Lots o f people
. you? 2______ (dance) in the living room. 13______ (go) into the
kitchen. Mike 4_____ (be) there. He 5_______(stand) in
_ at home. front o f the fridge. H e6______ (eat) a pizza. 1 7_______ (say)
hello, but h e 8______ (not hear) me. I d o n ’t th in k he 9_______
Why?' . you ill? (listen). 110______ (leave) the kitchen and 11______ (walk)
into the hall. Linda 12______ (sit) on the stairs. She 13_______
Yes, I ; ,lf . in bed all day. But (hold) her head in her hands. Her shoulders 14______
. too bad. I watched some good DVDs. (shake), but she 15______ (not cry). She 16_______(laugh)!

106 Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 2

---- -- - ■

Grammar Reference

Past simple The past sim ple forms o f be are was or were.

The affirm ative form o f the past sim ple is the same for alt î Affirmative Negative Interrogative
persons, singular and plural (/, you, he, we, etc.).
1was sad 1w asn’t sad Was 1 sad?
I watched a football match last night.
■She watched TV. you were sad you w eren’t sad Were you sad?

The'j watched a DVD. h e /s h e /it was sad h e /s h e /it w asn’t Was h e /s h e /it
sad sad?
S pelling: past sim ple (affirm ative) form o f regular verbs
w e /y o u /th e y were w e /y o u /th e y Were w e /y o u /th e y
We form the past sim ple (affirm ative) form o f regular verbs weren’t sad sad?
sad
by adding -ed to the verb.
+ -ed w ork -» worked play -* played We use the past sim ple:
If the verb ends in -e, we add -d. • for a com pleted action or event at a defin ite point
+ -d dance -* danced smoke -* smoked in the past.
If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, we change -y to / and We placed volle'jball last ‘Saturday
add -ed. • fo r actions or events th a t happened one after another.
-y -* -ied study - ♦ studied cry - ♦ cried Joanna got up, had a shower, got dressed and left the house.
• w ith certain verbs th a t are not used in continuous tenses,
If the verb ends in a short accented vowel + a consonant,
e.g. believe, hate, like, love, need, know, prefer, want.
we double the consonant.
The police officer believed his stor'f.
-p — -pped drop -* dropped
(NOT - The p olice o ffic er was b elieving his story.)
-n -* -nned plan -* planned
-f -* -tted regret -» regretted
Past continuous
Some verbs have irregular past sim ple (affirm ative) forms. We form the past continuous like this:
There are no spelling rules for these forms: you need to learn • was or were + the -ing form o f the main verb
them by heart. See the list in the W orkbook. Elizabeth was eating. The children weren't listening.
Were 'jou pla-jing?
Irregular verbs behave in the same way as regular verbs in
Spelling: verb + -ing form
negative sentences and questions.
See p o in t 1.5.
In negative sentences and questions, we use did/didn’t
We use the past continuous:
+ the in fin itive w ith o u t to (NOT the past sim ple form) for regular
• to describe an action lasting fo r some tim e or serving as
and irregular verbs. The form s are the same fo r all persons,
the background to other events.
singular and plural (/, you, he, we, etc.). It was raining. “Dome children were placing rugb^
I Negative Interrogative
We don’t use the past continuous:
1d id n ’t watch Did 1watch? • w ith certain verbs, e.g. believe, hate, like, love, need, know,
h e /s h e /it d id n ’t watch Did h e /s h e /it watch? prefer, want.
Tim needed a new car. (NOT - Tim was n eeding a new car.)
w e /y o u /th e y d id n ’t watch Did w e /y o u /th e y watch?
We often use the past continuous and the past sim ple in
| Short form and fu ll form Short answer the same sentence. The past continuous describes a background
d id n ’t = did not Yes, 1did. / No, 1 d id n ’t. action or event in the past; the past sim ple describes a shorter
action or event th a t happened during the longer action, or which
interrupted it.
It was raining when the accident happened.
M'f friends were watching TV when the fire started.

Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 2 107

Grammar Builder

some, any, much, many, a lot of, Katy What kind o f music?
Todd Hip hop, m ostly. But they play 9_ pop, too.
a little, a few You should come w ith us next weekend, if you
1 Complete the sentences w ith some or any. haven’t g o t 10______ other plans.
Katy Thanks! I’ d love to.
1 There’s beautiful scenery around here.
2 It’ s dangerous to walk along th is lane because there
aren’t _____ pavements.
Articles
3 Have you got _____ money in your bag? Complete the sentences w ith a, an o r the.
4 I’ m going to the cinema w ith ______ friends tom orrow. -» 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10
5 We haven’t got _ _ trees in our garden.
1 I’ve g o t ____ games console and _ _ MP3 player,
6 I’d like _ inform ation, please.
but ____ MP3 player is broken.
7 There isn’t _ m ilk in the fridge.
When we v is ite d __ __ USA, we w ent to . White
8 Are there . shops near your home?
House - but we d id n ’t see President!
2 Choose a little or a few. My friend has g o t______ snake a n d _______spider.
_____ snake is green and _ _ _ _ _ spider is black.
1 There are a few / a little large houses in the village, but
I h a d ______ apple a n d ______ orange for lunch____
the rest are cottages.
apple tasted horrible.
2 It’ s a quiet road, but there’ s a few / a little more traffic at
I b o u g h t_____ T-shirt and . . sw eatshirt. I gave
weekends.
_ _ _ _ _ sw eatshirt to my brother.
3 I bought a few / a little books at the airport.
My dad i s ____ _ actor. He’ s doing a show at
4 I only w ant a few / a little food. I’ m not very hungry.
Globe Theatre in London.
5 I only spoke to a few / a little people at the party.
I was eating a sandwich in the kitchen when _ door
6 I w ent shopping w ith a few / a little friends last weekend.
opened and _ _ _ _ _ boy walked in.
7 I spent a few / a little tim e exploring the countryside.
8 We had am azing holiday in . Lake District.
8 My parents were born in Brazil, but I only speak a few /
a little Portuguese. 6 Complete each pair o f sentences w ith a/an and the.

3 Replace a lot o f w ith much or many.

3.7, 3.8, 3.9
1 a There’ s _ Italian restaurant in town.
1 My dad doesn’t like a lot o f rock music.
b I never go to _ Greek restaurant because
2 Have you got a lot o f friends in your village?
it ’s very expensive.
3 Have we got a lot o f hom ew ork this evening?
2 a Please s h u t_________ door when you leave.
4 He’s a good player, but he doesn’t score a lot o f goals.
b The church has got huge door.
5 It’ s a terrible place to go surfing because there aren’t a
3 a I h a d _____ big d in n e r before I w ent out.
lot o f waves.
b W hat’ s th a t smell? Did you b u r n ____ dinner?
6 I don’t spend a lot o f tim e w ith friends during the week.
4 a No chocolate fo r me, thanks. I’ m going t o ________
4 Complete th e dialogue w ith some, any, much, many, a lot d e n tist tom orrow!
of, a little o r a few. Som etim es more than one answ er is b Ann is studying to b e co m e _________ doctor.
possible. 5 a I’ m tired o f taking buses. Let’ s buy _ ______ car.
Todd Hi! Are you new to th is village? b _ __ __ car w on’t start. Let’ s go by bus.
6 a Sardinia i s _______ b eautiful island.
Katy Yes, I am. We only moved here 1____ _ days ago.
b She was born in Sardinia, but she le f t______ ___
Todd What do you th in k o f it?
island when she was ten.
Katy It’ s very quiet. There isn’t 2___ to do at
weekends.
7 Add the once or tw ice to each sentence.
Todd No, you’ re right. I usually go into town w ith
3______ friends. 1 W ashington, D.C. is capital o f USA.
Katy But there aren’t 4_____ buses after 7 p.m.! 2 He never answers phone when he’ s at home.
Todd We get a taxi. It only costs 5______ pounds. 3 I usually get bus to school in bad weather.
Katy That’ s a good idea. So, where do you go in town? 4 We to o k train from London to Paris.
Are there 6______ good nightclubs? 5 Moon goes around Earth about every 27 days.
Todd Yes, there are 7____ good ones. My favourite is 6 Som ebody has dropped rubbish on floor.
XTC. They p la y 8_____ great music there. 7 My cousin enjoys listening to rock music on radio.
8 Nobody te lls truth all tim e.

108 j Grammar Builder and Reference ! Unit 3

8 Cross out the if it is incorrect. much, many and a lo t o f
1 My favourite kind o f the music is the hip hop. We use much, many and a lot of to ta lk about quantity.
M'f favourite Kind of the music is the hip hop. We use much w ith uncountable nouns. We use many w ith
2 I d o n ’t like the zoos because the anim als always countable nouns.
look unhappy. French people don't drink much tea.
3 Take the third road on the right - the church Are there man'f pedestrian crossings in the town centre?
is on the left.
4 I never drin k the coffee in the evening. We use a lot o f {or lots of) w ith countable and
5 I’ m not really into the sport, but I som etim es play the uncountable nouns.
tennis at the weekend. & ill Ciates has got a lot of/lots of mone'j.
6 I don’t eat the chocolate very often - I prefer the healthy There are a lot of/lots of roadworks in London.
snacks, like the fruit.
We often use much and many in negative sentences and
7 She w o uldn’t go in the sw im m ing pool on holiday
questions. We don’t often use them in affirm ative sentences.
because the w ater was freezing.
We didn't eat much food, or We didn't eat a lot of food.
9 Complete the te x t w ith a, an, the or - (no article). Were there man'i people at the part'f? or Were there a lot of
people at the part'f?
My grandparents live in 1______ beautiful cottage near
charlotte's got a lot of mone'j. /
2______ s e a .3_______cottage is in 4_______small village
Charlotte's got much mone'j. X
called Frimpton. It’s 5___ qu ie t place - there aren’t any
cafés or restaurants. But there’ s 6______ primary school
and a church. My grandparents’ cottage is next to 7______
Articles
ch u rc h .8______ tourists often vis it Frimpton, especially We use a before singular countable nouns when we talk
when 9___ w eather is nice in 10_________ summer. about som ething for the first tim e.
We use the when we ta lk about som ething again.
some and any I’ve got a cat and a dog. The cat's called Toe and the dog's
called ‘Dall'j.
We usually use some in affirm ative sentences and any in
I had a piz.z.a and a coffee. The p in a was great but the coffee
negative sentences and questions.
was awful.
There are some tra ffic lights at the end of the road.
There's some pasta on the table. We use the when it is clear w hat we are ta lk in g about.
The dog doesn't want an'j biscuits. Mum's in the kitchen, (the kitchen in our house)
The'f haven't got an-j mone'j. The station is near the park. (There’ s only one station and one
park in our town.)
Are there an'j cinemas in '(our town? The man in the '(ellow jacket is m'f uncle. (We know which man -
Do '(ou need an'j help? he’s wearing a yellow jacket.)

We usually use some when we offer or ask for som ething. We use a when we say w hat som ebody or som ething is.
Would 'fou like some tea? Liverpool is a cit'j in 6ngland.
Can I borrow some mone'j? &ob is a ta*i driver.
M o ta rt was a great composer.
a little, a few We use a when we say w hat som ebody or som ething is like.
We use a little w ith uncountable nouns. We use a few w ith Scotland is a beautiful country
countable nouns. That's a nice dress. Where did 'jou bu'j it?
Julia ate a little rice. He's a good-looking '(oung man.
Mike ate a few chips.
We use the when there is only one o f som ething.
the sun, the N orth Sea, the sk'j, the moon, the world

We don’t use the when we are making generalisations.

I don't like classical music.
Fiona never drinks tea or coffee.

Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 3 109

i Comparatives and superlatives 6 EüI j ’ Ask and answer the questions in exercise 5.
Check your answers below.
1 Write the comparative form of the adjectives.
snu0A 9 Aueuuag £
1 wide 6 dull
al!N am S aunjdaN Z
2 easy 7 hot
saazuedouip <7 >|joa M9|M I
3 wet 8 bad
4 funny 9 nice
5 good 10 scary 4DJ (not) a s ... as, too, enough
Complete the sentences with comparative adjectives from Write sentences with as ... as and the adjective in brackets.
exercise 1 and than. - 4.3
In my opinion, English is easier than maths. 1 Harry hates w aiting. Sarah doesn’t like w aiting, either,
My exam results were _ ___ your results. I got a B (im patient)
and you got an A. Harr1! is as impatient as ‘Sarah.
Jason’ s _________ all the other boys in the class. He 2 Both Fred and Cathy often te ll lies, (dishonest)
never stops te llin g jokes. 3 Liam and Sally both love talking, (talkative)
In my opinion, historical film s a re _________ war film s. 4 George and Ryan both th in k th e y’ re better than anyone
often fall asleep during historical film s. else, (arrogant)
The Pacific Ocean is about 12,000 k ilo m e tre s ________ 5 Joe is very hard-working. You’ re very hard-working too.
the A tlantic Ocean. (hard-working)
Last sum m er w a s _________ th is summer. The sun shone 6 Neither Chris nor Simon is very mature, (immature)
nearly every day.
I th in k basketball is __________golf. It’ s more exciting. 8 Rewrite the sentences w ith not as ... as.
It rains a lot in Scotland. It’ s m u c h _________ England. 1 Joanna is more a m bitious than Peter.
Mr Smith is _________ than Miss Jones. He gives us less ?eter isn't as ambitious as Joanna.
homework! 2 Disaster film s are more gripping than comedies.
10 Horror film s are w ar film s. I can’t watch them ! 3 The school in the town is bigger than the school
in the village.
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas and the
4 You’ re more interested in action film s than me.
comparative form of the adjectives.
5 Anim ated film s are usually fu n n ie r than norm al film s.
1 Zac Efron is good-looking, but F-obert Pattinson is 6 Ian is lu c k ie rth a n me.
better-looking.
2 Inception is gripping, b u t ... 9 Complete the sentences with too and the adjectives
3 Action film s are often violent, b u t ... below.
4 Keira Knightley is beautiful, b u t ...
active intolerant predictable scary tired violen
5 Jim Carrey film s are entertaining, b u t ...
6 Scarlett Johansson is a talented actress, b u t ... Jack never listens to other people’s opinions. He’s ___
7 The special effects in The Lord o f the Rings were I knew how the film would end. It w a s _______
spectacular, b u t ... I hate w ar film s. They’ r e _______
She needs to get more exercise. She’ s _______
4 Write the superlative form of the adjectives in exercise 1. I’ m not going to stay up and watch the film . I’ m
- ♦ 4.4 Clare d id n ’t watch the horror film w ith us. It was
1 w ide the widest
10 Complete the sentences with enough and the nouns and
5 Write the quiz questions. Use superlative adjectives. adjectives below.
1 What / large / city / in the USA? ter games funny old patie
VJhat's the largest cit'f in the USA? time
2 What / far / planet from the sun?
to help you.
3 Which country in Europe / has got / big / population?
I d id n ’t enjoy the rom antic comedy. It w asn’t
4 What / inte llig e n t / anim als in the world?
Yuk! There isn’t ______ in my coffee!
5 What / long / river in the world?
Julie w asn’t ... ........ to w a it for us.
6 W hat / hot / planet in the Solar System?
I’ m n o t______ to watch an 18 film .
Go to bed. You’ve p la y e d _______
I w asn’t ______ to lift the box onto the shelf.
We can’t play volleyball. There aren’t _______
■ Builde
Comparative adjectives Superlative adjectives
S pelling S pelling
We add -er to short (one-syllable and some two-syllable) We put the in front o f short (one-syllable and some two-
adjectives. syllable) adjectives and add -est.
+ -er long - » longer + -est long -* the longest
If the short adjective ends in -e, we add -r. If the short adjective ends in -e, we add -st.
+ -r wide - ♦ w ider + -st wide -> the w idest
If the short adjective ends in a short vowel + a single If the short adjective ends in a short vowel + a single
consonant, we double the consonant and add -er. consonant, we double the consonant and add -est.
-t-> -tte r hot -» hotter -t -* -ttest hot -* the hottest
If the adjective ends in -y, we take out the -y and add -/er. If the adjective ends in -y, we take out the -y and add -iest.
-y -* -ier friendly -* frie n d lie r -y -* -iest friendly -* the frie n d lie st
If the adjective is long (two syllables or more), we use the word If the adjective is long (two syllables or more), we use the
more. word most.
gripping -> more gripping gripping -* the m ost gripping
Some adjectives have irregular com parative forms, Some adjectives have irregular superlative forms,
good -» better good -* the best
bad -* worse bad — the w orst
far - » further far — the furthest

than less and the least

We use than to compare tw o things or people. less and the least have the opposite meaning to more
Shrek 3 was funnier than To-f Stor-j 3. and the most.
We usually use the object pronoun {me, you, her, him, us, Maths is less difficult than English.
them) after than. What's the least interesting subject that 'fou stud-f?
You're taller than me. /
You're taller than I. X too and enough
but You're taller than I am. / too comes before an adjective.
enough comes after an adjective.
(not) a s ... as This jacket is too small for him.
We use {not) a s ... as to compare tw o people or things. This jacket isn't big enough fo r him.

not as ... as means less ... than. enough comes before a noun.
3ude Law is not as old as g>rad Pitt. &rad P itt was born in \%3, He can't bu'f it. He hasn't got enough
Tude Law in IT12-. mone'f.
as ... as means equally...
Sharon Stone is as tall as Tom Cruise. Sharon Stone and Tom
Cruise are both Ho cm tall.
We usually use the object pronoun after {not) as ... as.
Sarah's as intelligent as him. /
Sarah's as intelligent as he. /
but Sarah's as intelligent as he is. /

Unit 4 111
5 ■d H J iIB B
I
Present perfect 5 ?
W rite questions using How long... W rite answers. Use for
or since and th e inform ation in brackets.
1 Complete the text messages. Use the present perfect form
1 I’ m a doctor. (2 years)
of the verbs in brackets. How long have fou been a doctor? fo r two -fears.
2 I work in a hospital. (2001)
3 I’ m ill. (yesterday)
4 I live w ith my grandparents. (2008)
5 I’ve got an iPhone, (three months)
Lakeside S hopping C entre is great! I 1_______ 6 I play fo o tb a ll, (five years)
( tr y on) fo u r pairs o f tra in e rs and six jackets. 7 I know Richard, (last Easter)

2__________ (you / buy) anything? Present perfect and past simple

No, I 3_______ ___ . I m ust be careful - I 6 Complete th e sentences. Use th e past sim ple form o f the
4__________ (spend) loads o f m oney this verbs given in one sentence and th e present perfect in the
m o n th ! Is M u m w ith you? other sentence.
1 go
No, she isn't. She 5____________ a She _ to India three tim es. She loves it!
(ta ke ) the car to the garage. b My parents _ to Egypt before they were married.
2 not wear
6____________ (Dad / phone) a I was cold last night because I ____ a coat.
you th is afternoon? b Can I exchange th is dress? I ______ it.
3 not hear
17 (n o t / speak) to Dad today, a I’ m sorry I missed your call. I the phone,
b u t 18 (send) him an email. b W ho’ s th is song by? I ______it before.
A nd 1 9 (tid y ) o u r bedroom ! 4 buy
a I ______you a present. Do you w ant to see it?
Fantastic - thanks! See you soon! b The jacket was h a lf price, so I _ _ it.

7 Complete the dialogue. Use the past sim ple or present

2 What have or haven’t you done today? Write an affirmative perfect form o f the verbs in brackets.
and a negative sentence in the present perfect for each Susan That’ s a really nice top, Karen. When 1 you
verb below. -------(get) it?
Karen My mum 2____ (give) it to me for Christmas, so
13_____ (have) it for three months.
3 Choose been or gone. Susan Realty? I *_ _ (never / see) you in it.
Karen 15_____ (not wear) it very often. It doesn’t really
1 ‘Where is everybody?’ ‘They’ve been / gone home. The
go w ith anything. 16______ (wear) it to Tom’ s party.
party’ s fin ish e d !’
Susan Did you? 17____ __ (not see) Tom since the party.
2 ‘ Do you like London?’ ‘Yes. I’ve been / gone there twice
Karen Oh, 18_______(meet) him on Saturday. We 9_______
and I love it.’
(go) to the cinema to see Orlando Bloom ’ s latest
3 I’ve been / gone to three shops, but I s till can’t find a
film . 10______ you _ _ (see) it?
present for Harry.
Susan No, 111_____ (not go) to the cinema for ages.
4 ‘ Is Tom at the sports centre?’ ‘ No. He’ s been / gone to
Karen Come w ith us next weekend!
see his grandparents.’
Susan Good idea, thanks!
5 Welcome home. Where have you been / gone all day?
8 W rite questions w ith Have you ever... ? W rite true answers
4 Complete th e sentences w ith for or since.
about yourself. If the answer is yes, add more deta ils in the
1 I’ve been a w a ke ____ _ five o’ clock th is morning. past sim ple.
2 My aunt has lived in th a t house _____ 40 years.
go / to another country
3 It hasn’t rained in th is part o f the d e s e rt_ _ 1936.
Have <(ou ever been to another country?
4 I haven’t heard this s o n g ______ ages.
No, I haven't. / Yes, I have. I went to Ireland last summer.
5 They’ve only known each o th e r______ last summer.
1 e a t/s h a r k 4 wear / tra d itio n a l clothes
6 She’ s had an Italian penfriend ___ __ she was twelve.
2 v is it / a beautiful place 5 play / a game online
3 w rite / a song or a poem
5
Present perfect We use the present perfect:
We form the present perfect like this: • to ta lk about recent events.
Pete has passed a\\ his e*ams.
Affirmative • to ta lk about experiences.
I’ve finished w e’ve finished I've eaten snails in France.
• to ta lk about an event or situation th a t began in the past
you’ve finished you’ve finished
and continues up to now. We use for w ith a period o f tim e
h e /s h e /it’ s finished th e y’ve finished and since w ith a po in t in tim e.
M>( dad has worked for l&M fo r 10 >(ears.
Short form and full form I've had this MP? placer since Ma-j.
I’ve = 1 have • to ta lk about actions that have an effect on the present.
she’s = she has I haven't finished m^ homework, so I can't go out.

We use both been and gone as the past p articiples o f the

Negative verb go. We use been when som ebody has returned.
1 haven’t finished we haven’t finished John has been shopping. (He w ent shopping but he is here now.)

you haven’t finished you haven’t finished We use gone when som ebody hasn’t returned.
John has gone shopping. (He w ent shopping and he is s till at
h e /s h e /it hasn’t finished they haven’t finished
the shops.)

Short form and full form We use How long ... ? and the present perfect to ask how
haven’t = have not long a situ a tio n has continued up to the present.
hasn’t = has not 'How long have '(ou lived in London?' 'Since 2-001.'

Interrogative Present perfect and past simple

See the W orkbook for the forms o f the past sim ple.
Have 1finished ... ? Have we finished ... ?
We use both the past sim ple and the present perfect to
Have you finished ... ? Have you finished ... ?
ta lk about finished actions.
Has h e /s h e /it finished ... ? Have they finished ... ?
We use the past sim ple to ta lk about com pleted events at a
de fin ite tim e in the past. The events have no connection w ith
Short answer
the present.
Yes, 1 have. / No, 1 haven’t. I visited the USA last -fear.
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. We use the present perfect to ta lk about past events th a t have
a connection w ith the present. See point 5.3 for a lis t o f the
We form the present perfect w ith the present tense o f the uses o f the present perfect.
auxiliary verb have and the past participle.
Pete has finished his homework. We often use the past sim ple when we ask for or give
The past participle o f regular verbs is the same as the more details fo llo w in g a Have you ever ... ? question.
past sim ple. Have '(ou ever been to a pop concert?
placed danced studied dropped Yes, I have. I went to a &iue concert last >(ear.

Sometimes irregular verbs have the same past participle as the

past sim ple form but som etim es they are different.
bu'j - bought - bought
see - saw - seen
For a list o f irregular verbs, see the W orkbook.

Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 5 113

w ill and going to Complete the dialogues w ith the correct form o f will or
going to. Explain your choice.
1 Write predictions about technology in ten years’ time. Use 1 A The red top is £8 and the blue top is £9.
I th in k ... or I don’t th in k .... B 111____ have the red top, please.
1 all classrooms / have ebook readers makes this decision while speaking, so it's 'will'.
I think all classrooms will have- ebook readers. A Have you got plans for the weekend?
2 televisions / be very small Yes. I ______ vis it my friends in Brighton.
3 ebook readers / be very expensive It’s really hot in this room.
4 all com puters / be wireless Don’t worry. I _____ open the window.
5 people / use paper Is the match nearly over?
6 watches / include m ultim edia players Yes, this is the 90th m inute. Liverpool _ . win.
Do you love me?
2 Think of offers or promises for the problems below.
Yes. I ______ always love you.
Use I’l l ....
See you later.
1 My MP3 player is broken. OK. I ____ give you a call tom orrow.
2 I need to text my friend, but I left my m obile at home. Are you on holiday next week?
3 I w ant to read, but my ebook reader is broken. Yes. I stay in bed all m orning on Monday!
4 I’ m going to miss my favourite TV programme tonight.

3 Match sentences 1 -5 with decisions a-e.

6D Zero conditional
1 ‘ Look! Tom’ s w inning the race!’ 7 Match th e tw o halves o f the sentences.
2 ‘What w ould you like to drink, madam?’ 1 If I eat too much, a if I don’t tid y my room,
3 ‘ My satnav is on the back seat o f the car.’ 2 If it rains, b you get good marks.
4 ‘The camera isn’t w orking.’
3 My mum gets cross c I feel ill.
5 ‘ I’m getting bored w ith these video gam es.’
4 If you exercise regularly, d if you turn o ff the lights.
a ‘Oh, yes! I’ ll take a photo o f him .’ 5 You save electricity e I take the tram to school,
b ‘I’ ll buy you some new ones.’ 6 If you study hard, f you stay fit and healthy.
c ‘I’ ll have a coffee, please.’
d ‘ I’ ll use my m obile instead.’ 8 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form o f th e verbs
e ‘I’ ll pass it to you.’ in brackets.

4 Write predictions about the pictures using going to. Use the 1 If y o u ____ two books, y o u ______one free, (buy, get)
verbs below to help you. 2 The m e n u ______ on the screen if y o u ______ th is button
twice, (appear, press)
3 If d o g s ______ chocolate, i t .............them ill. (eat, make)
4 If w a te r______ , i t _______(freeze, expand)
5 If y o u ______ water to 100° C, i t ________(heat, boil)

6D may, might and could

9 Complete th e te x t w ith may, might or could and the verbs
below. There is one negative form .

become do happen prefer share w ant

Sales o f CDs are going down because o f illegal file sharing,
and film com panies are worried th a t the same thing
1_________ w ith DVDs. More and more people 2__________
film s over the Internet rather than buying them . Buying
DVDs 3_________ a th in g o f the past. The music industry
now allows legal dow nloads from websites like the iTunes
5 Write three things you intend to do this weekend and three Music Store, and the film in d u s try 4_________ som ething
things you do not intend to do. Use going to .... sim ilar. However, if they try to charge too much, people
I'm not going to get up earVj on ‘Sunday 5_________ to pay. T h e y 6__________to download film s
illegally using one o f the many file-sharing programs.
Grammar Reference

w ill We use both will and be going to to make predictions and

to ta lk about our decisions.
We use will to ta lk about the future. We form sentences
w ith will like th is: We u s e ... will be going to
• will + in fin itive w ith o u t to predictions based on our own based on the
1 will go. knowledge and situation and w hat
The form o f will is the same for all persons (/, you, he, opinions: we can see:
she, etc.). F-oone'( will score. F-oone^'s got the ball!
He always scores in He's going to score!
A ffirm ative Negative
important games.
I'll see '(ou later. 1 won't tell an'jbod'f
decisions instant decisions inte n tio n s - things
She'll be angr'f. The'j won't listen to '(ou.
th a t we make w hile th a t we have already
(full form = will) (full form = will not) speaking: decided:
Show me the menu. I'm going to have
Interrogative S h o rt answer Hmm. I'll have chicken. chicken tonight. 1
bought it this morning.
Will '(ou be at home? Yes, 1 will.
Will it work? No, it won't.
Zero conditional
We use the zero co n d itio n a l to ta lk about a result
We use will:
w hich follow s a particular action. We use the present
• to make factual statem ents about the future.
to describe the action and the present sim ple to describe
There will be a solar eclipse in 2.02V
the result.
• to make predictions, especially when they are based on
If -fou press this button, the light comes on.
our own thoughts or beliefs.
The //c la u s e can come before or after the main clause.
I think '(ou'U do well in '(our enams.
If it comes after, we don’t use a comma.
I don't think England will win the ne*t World Cup.
If >(ou heat ice, it melts.
• to make offers.
Ice melts if '(ou heat it.
I'll c a rq -(our bags.
I'll lend '(ou m-( phone.
• to make prom ises.
may, might and could
I'll always love 'jou. The verbs may, might and could are used to ta lk about
• to make instant decisions (decisions th a t we make w hile som ething th a t can happen in the present or future. After these
we are speaking). verbs we use the in fin itive w ith o u t to.
Look! There's Tomm^. I'll go and sa'f hello. Where's John? He might be in his bedroom, (now)
Who's that knocking at the door? It could be the postman, (now)
going to The weather forecast said it ma^ rain tomorrow, (future)

We use be going to to ta lk about the future. We form The verb may suggests more definite p o ssib ility than might.
sentences w ith be going to like th is: Negative forms for might and may are might not and may not.
• present sim ple o f be + going to + in fin itive w ith o u t to
The verb could does not have a negative form when it is used
I'm going to take m^ driving test ne*t '(ear.
to express various degrees o f certainty.
P-oger federer isn't going to win the match.
I might go out this evening. -> I might not go out this evening.
Are -(0U going to be at home this weekend?
I could go out this evening. -* (NOT - I could not go out th is
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
evening-.)
We use be going to:
• to make predictions, especially when they are based on
w hat we can see.
Look at that man! He's going to jum p r. the river!
• to ta lk about our intentions.
I'm going to invite her to m'f parts

Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 6 1

Grammar Builder

8«M J
must, mustn’t and needn’t 3 Choose the correct verbs.

1 Match the pairs of sentences. Then complete 1 -6 with must H ow to be p o lite at a JAPANESE meal
or mustn’t.
When eating fro m small bowls, you
1 When you take a taxi in Australia, you _________ sit in ^ u s t I m u stn 't lift the bowl to your
the back. m outh, so th a t you d o n 't drop any food
2 Y o u _________ eat w ith your right hand in many Arab on the table. You 2m u stn 't / needn't
countries. leave your chopsticks in a bowl o f rice.
3 In Japan, you _ _ _ _ _ _ kiss a woman when you meet Put them on the table, next to the bowl.
her. When you drink soup, you 3needn't /
4 Generally, y o u _________ po in t at a person in public. must drink it quietly. It's OK to make quite a loud noise!
5 In many Asian countries, y o u _________ remove your You '’m u s tn 't I m ust pour a drink fo r yourself. That's very
shoes before entering a house. im polite. You 5needn't / m ust w ait fo r someone else to
6 At a meal in Britain you __ _______ w ait until the host pour it, and in return you 6m ust / m u stn 't pour drinks
starts to eat before you start to eat. fo r o ther people. You 7needn't / m ust w a it until th eir
glass is em pty. In fa c t people often fill the glasses every
a It is considered rude to keep them on. few minutes. You 8m ust / m u stn 't belch. In some Asian
b It is not polite to start before them , countries it is considered polite, but not in Japan.
c You should sit next to the driver,
d Your left hand is considered dirty,
e You should bow, or shake her hand,
f You should say th e ir name, or describe them. ] First conditional
2 What do the signs mean? Complete the sentences with 4 Match the two halves of the sentences.
must or mustn’t. 1 If he doesn’t phone her, a if it costs too much,
2 They w on’t buy a new car b th e y’ ll be worried,
1 3 If you give me your number, c if we can’t find a hotel?
4 If it rains tom orrow, d she’ ll be disappointed.
5 Where w ill we sleep e I’ ll call you tom orrow,
6 If you d o n ’t te ll your f w hat w ill we do?
parents where you are,

5 Complete the superstitions. Use the present simple form

of the verbs in brackets. Are any of them familiar?

1 If you _____ (eat) bread crusts, you’ ll have curly hair.

2 If you ______ (not cover) your bald head, it w ill start
raining.
3 If a cat _ (wash) behind its ears, it w ill rain.
4 You’ ll catch a cold if a c a t______ (sneeze) three tim es.
5 If y o u _____ (not believe) bad things w ill happen, they
w o n ’t!

6 Complete the superstitions with the will form of the verbs

in brackets. Are any of them familiar?
1 If you sing before 7 a.m., y o u ______ (cry) before 11 a.m.
2 If you _ _ _ _ _ (not take) down the Christmas decorations
before Twelfth Night, you’ ll have bad luck.
3 If you have an itchy nose, y o u ______ (have) an argum ent
1 You mustn't turn left.
w ith someone soon.
2 You stop here. AT In Russia, if you aren’t married and you sit at the corner
L
3 You drive over 120 km /h .
o f the table, you ______(not marry) anyone in the next
4 You keep left.
seven years.
5 You watch out for pedestrians. C
J In Ireland, y o u __ . (not have) bad luck if you put
6 You overtake here.
a penny in your shoe.

116 Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 7

7 Grammar Reference

should and ought to needn’t

We use needn’t + in fin itive w ith o u t to to say that
7 Give advice to these people. Use should or ought to and the
som ething is not necessary but isn’t against the rules.
phrases below.
You needn't bring a towel. There are towels at the swimming pool.
ask her o u t report it to the police see a doctor (But you can bring one if you want.)
smoke take an asp irin w ear som ething sm art You needn't take sandwiches as lunch is provided.
1 I’ve got a headache. You should / ought to ... (But you can bring them if you want.)
2 I fancy a girl in my class.
3 I’ve lost my m obile. First conditional
4 Liz has got a tem perature. We use the firs t co n d itio n a l to predict the result o f a future
5 I don’t know w hat to wear to my job interview. action. We use the present sim ple to describe the action and
6 I’ve got a bad cough. will + in fin itive w ith o u t to to describe the result.
If sjou go to bed late, 'jou'U be tired tomorrow.
8 Give advice to these people. Use I think / I don’t think and (action) (result)
should or ought to. Use the verbs in brackets or your own If I miss the bus, I'll take a ta*i.
ideas. (action) (result)
1 I found € 1 0 0 in the street, (keep)
2 I bought this DVD and it’ s scratched, (take back) The //c la u s e can come before or a fte r the main clause.
3 I’ m feeling really tired, (stay up) If it comes after, we d o n ’t use a comma.
4 My bedroom is a com plete mess, (tidy) If '(ou drink too much coffee, -jou won't sleep well.
5 I’ve put on a lot o f w eight recently, (eat) You won't sleep well if ^ou drink too much coffee.
6 I w ant to go out, but I haven’t got any money, (borrow)
should and ought to
must and mustn’t The form of should and ought to is the same for alt
The form o f must or mustn’t is the same for all persons persons (/, you, she, etc.)
(/, you, he, etc.). I Affirmative 1
Affirmative Negative You should go to bed. You ought to go to bed.

I must 90 home. You mustn't tell an>(bod'f. The'; should leave now. The') ought to leave now.

You must tell the truth. The') mustn't be late,

| Negative 1
(fu ll form = must not)
He shouldn't eat so much. He oughtn't to eat so much.
We shouldn't sta'j up late. We oughtn't to sta>( up late.
Interrogative* Short answer
Must >fou leave so earl'j? Yes, I must. 1 Interrogative
•k
___ I
*W e do not often make questions w ith must. It is more Should we tell him?
common to use Do you have to ...? When should 1 phone -(ou?

*We do not use ought to to form the interrogative.

We use must+ in fin itiv e w ith o u t to to say th a t som ething
is necessary, and it is very im portant to do it.
The verbs should and ought to are used to give advice
In some Asian countries, 'fou must eat with '(our right hand.
and ta lk about th in g s th a t are or aren’t im p o rta n t.
You must be quiet in the school lib ra ry
If '(ou've got a headache, 'jou ought to take an aspirin.
We use mustn’t + in fin itive w ith o u t to to say th a t som ething
You shouldn't talk with '(our mouth full.
is prohibited, and it is very im portant not to do it.
The verbs should and ought to are often used in expressions
We mustn't be late fo r school.
w ith I think... and I don’t th in k....
You mustn't use a mobile phone in the cinema.
I think >(ou ought to go to bed.
We often use must or mustn’t to express rules and laws. I don't think we should spend all our mone^. (NOT - I th i nk w e
In the Lite, '(ou must be n to drive a car.
sh o u ld n ’t spend all our mone y.)
You mustn't smoke on aeroplanes.
Do '(ou think we should phone Chris?

Grammar Builder and Reference - Unit 7

Grammar Builder

8EI Second conditional BD I w ish...

1 Match the two halves of the sentences. 8 . 1 , 8 .2 Complete the wishes. Use the correct form of the verbs in
1 If the buildings were stronger, brackets. Then match them with the people in the pictures.
2 If everybody cycled more, - 8.3, 8.4
3 If people d id n ’t have barbecues in the forest, 1 I wish I ____________ (have) my bike.
4 If it rained more in th is country, 2 I wish I ________ _ (not be) on my own.
5 If we had more sun in this country, 3 I wish I ____________ (can) buy th a t dress.
6 If these people had clean water to drink, 4 I wish I ____________ (know) her.
a they’ d use th e ir cars less, 5 I wish I ____________ (have) my sw im m ing costume.
b w e’d be able to grow crops more easily, 6 I wish i t __________ __(be) warmer.
c they w o u ld n ’t get so many diseases,
d we’ d use more solar power,
e they w o u ld n ’t fall down during earthquakes,
f there w o u ld n ’t be so many fires.

2 Complete the //clauses in sentences 1 -4 and the main

clauses in sentences 5 -8 . Use the correct form of the verb
in brackets.
1 If I ____ (know) his address, I’d go and visit him.
2 We’d live in the city centre if w e ______(have) enough
money.
3 If I _____ (have) a ta b le t PC, I’ d watch film s on the bus.
4 You w o u ld n ’t be so tired all the tim e if y o u ______ (go) to
bed earlier.
5 If you d id n ’t get a few horrible presents, i t ______ (not be)
Christmas!
6 We _____ (not use) our car so much if we d id n ’t live in
the countryside.
7 H e ___ (have) more money if he d id n ’t buy so many
clothes.
8 If it d id n ’t rain so much, the countryside (not be)
so green.

W rite second conditio n a l sentences.

1 I’ m not very good at ice hockey. I can’t skate very fast.
If I could skate faster, I'd be better at ice hockey
2 I go to bed late. I’ m always tired in the morning.
3 I’ m not going to watch the World Cup final. I d o n ’t like
football.
4 I’ m not taking a coat w ith me. It’ s warm outside.
5 She isn’t sending any postcards. She hasn’t got her
address book w ith her.
6 I don’t understand th is exercise, so I can’t do it. 5 W rite sentences s ta rtin g w ith I wish.
1 I can’t play the piano.
2 I don’t like pasta.
3 I can’t ride a horse.
4 I don’t have a pet.
5 I’ m not very tall.
6 I’ve got a lot o f housework to do.
7 I’ m not very good at football.
8 I don’t speak Spanish.

118
8

Second conditional
8 .1 We use the second co n d itio n a l to ta lk about situations
that are unlikely or unreal. It can refer to the present
or the future.
We use the past tense to describe the unlikely, unreal or
im aginary action or situation, and would + in fin itiv e w ith o u t to
to describe the result.
If 1 had a lot of m onq, I'd visit the USA.

The //"clause can come before or a fte rth e main clause.

If it comes after, we do n ’t use a comma.
If 1 lived in the country I'd have a dog.
I'd have a dog if I lived in the country

I wish
We use wish + past sim ple or past continuous to say that
we w ant som ething to be diffe re n t from how it is now.
The present situation : Alison has brown e^es.
W ish: Alison wishes she had blue e^es.
The present situation : It’ s cold. I am w earing a jacket.
W ish: 1 wish I was wearing a coat.

After if and wish we som etim es use were rather than was
w ith l/he/she/it. Were is more form al than was.

Grammar Builder and Reference * U n its 119

.

Grammar Builder

9EI Past perfect 9E j Reported speech

Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect form of the Complete the reported speech sentences. Use the past
verbs in brackets. simple, could/couldn’t, past continuous or past perfect.
1 He was upset because som ebody _ _ (steal) his ' '
watch. 1 ‘ I hate drug dealers,’ said Amy.
2 They were shocked th a t h e ______ (murder) his wife. Amy said th a t she hated drug dealers.
3 I was happy th a t the police ______ (catch) the vandals. 2 ‘ Some boys are vandalising a car!’ said James.
4 We couldn’t drive to London because somebody James said th a t some b o y s ______ a car.
(vandalise) our car. 3 ‘ Every year burglars break into hundreds o f houses in the
5 We heard th a t an a rs o n is t___ (burn down) a school in city,’ said the journalist.
London. The jo u rn a list said th a t every year, b u rg la rs______
6 After they (rob) the bank, they escaped in a BMW. hundreds o f houses in the city.
4 ‘A th ie f stole my w a lle t,’ she said.
2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the
She said th a t a th ie f______ her w allet.
past perfect negative form of the verbs below.
5 ‘A sh o p lifte r stole three CDs,’ said the shop manager.
The shop manager said th a t a sh o p lifte r ______ three
CDs.
6 ‘The murderer is in the police car,’ said the police officer.
The police officer said th a t the murderer __ in the
police car.
7 ‘ Burglars can easily break into your house if you don’t
lock all the doors and w indow s,’ said the police officer.
The police officer said th a t b u rg la rs ______ easily break
into th e ir house if th e y ______lock all the doors and
w indow s.
8 ‘Joyriders to o k my car from my garage,’ the man said.
The man said th a t jo y rid e rs __ .h is car from
his garage.
‘You can go to ja il if you deal drugs,’ said Becky.
Becky said th a t he . _ go to ja il if he _ drugs.
10 ‘Two men robbed the bank,’ the bank manager said.
The bank manager said th a t tw o m e n ______ the bank.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct pronoun.

1 Tom was nervous. H e __ before. 1 ‘You’ re annoying m e!’ she told me.
2 It was obvious th a t K a te . _ tennis before. She t o ld ______ th a t _ _ _ was annoying her.
3 Jake d id n ’t pass his driving test because he ...... 2 ‘ I like playing games on my m obile,’ he said.
enough lessons.
He said t h a t____ _ liked playing games on __ _
4 Sam w anted to go out, but she ____ her homework.
m obile.
5 Harry’ s mum was cross. He _____ _ his bedroom.
3 ‘ I’ m going o u t,’ said Catherine.
6 Sally realised th a t s h e ______ the window s.
Catherine said t h a t______ was going out.
Complete the sentences. Use the past simple and the past 4 ‘ She never texts me,’ said Tony.
perfect form in each sentence. Tony said t h a t______ never te x te d ________

1 After T om ______ (eat), h e ______ (read) the news online. 5 ‘They failed th e ir exam s,’ said Tom.
2 When I _ _ _ _ _ (turn on) the TV, the m a tc h ______ Tom said t h a t ______ had fa ile d _______ exams.
(already / start). 6 ‘We all go to the same school,’ she said.
3 Jason_____ (not live) in a capital city before he _ _ _ _ She said t h a t______ all w ent to the same school.
(move) to London.
4 W e ______ (play) tennis after sch o o l. . (finish),
5 l _ _ __ (not can) go out because I _ (not do) my
homework.
Grammar Reference

6 Rewrite the sentences in direct speech. The past participle o f regular verbs is the same as the
past sim ple.
1 She said th a t I w asn’t helping.
finished danced studied chatted
'You aren't helping,' she said.
2 She said th a t he was feeling fine. Sometimes irregular verbs have the same past participle as the
3 You said th a t you were going to the cinema th is evening. past sim ple form, som etim es they are different.
4 They said that they couldn’t come to our party. go - went - been/gone
5 He said that he’d seen the drug dealers dealing heroin. bu'f - bought - bought
6 She said th a t last month someone had burgled see - saw - seen
her house. For a list o f irregular verbs, see the W orkbook.
7 You said th a t you’ d had som ething to eat.
8 She said th a t she wanted a drink. We use the past perfect to ta lk about an event in the past
9 He said that I was late. w hich happened before another event in the past.
10 She said th a t she could ski really well. Time line
-------------- !----------------------------------- !--------------------- (-----
Past perfect the robbers left the bank the police arrived Now
We form the past perfect like th is: When the police arrived, the robbers had left the bank.
Affirmative
l/y o u ’ d gone
Reported speech
When we report som ebody else’s w ords, the tense
h e /s h e /it’ d gone
o f the verb usually changes.
w e /y o u /th e y ’ d gone
Direct speech Reported speech

Short form and fu ll form Present simple -* Past simple

’ d = had 'i don't like dogs,' £>en said. &en said (that) he didn't like
dogs.
Negative 'M>f dad is at work,' S’eck'f said. S'eck'j said (that) her dad was
l/yo u hadn’t gone at work.

h e /s h e /it hadn’t gone Present continuous -* Past continuous

w e /y o u /th e y hadn’t gone 'He's wearing a blue top,' Michelle said (that) he was
Michelle said. wearing a blue top.
Short form and fu ll form Past simple -* Past perfect
hadn’t = had not 'We moved to London in 2.000,' Phil said (that) the^ had moved
Phil said. to London in 2 0 0 0 .
Interrogative
It is not necessary to use that in reported speech.
Had I/you gone ... ?
Had h e /s h e /it gone ... ? The pronouns som etim es change, depending on
the context.
Had w e /y o u /th e y gone ... ?
'M'f name's Till,' she said.
She said that her name was Till.
Short answer
'We went to the cinema,' Mark said.
Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
Mark said that the') had gone to the cinema.
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
'I'll meet '{ou after school,' $eck>| said,
g’eck'f said she'd meet me after school.

Grammar Builder and Reference 1 Unit 9

Grammar Builder

The passive (present and past simple) 5 Complete the past simple passive sentences with was or
were and the names below. 10.3,10.4
1 U nderline the past particip le s in th is sentence. Then
Beyonce JK Rowling Johnny Depp Levi Strauss
com plete th e rule about regular past participles.
M arie Curie Peter Jackson
When the fin a l Harry Potter book was published in the USA,
1 R a d iu m ______ discovered by ... . . ___ .
12 m illion copies were printed in one go!
2 The Lord o f the Rings ______directed b y ________
The past participle o f regular verbs is the same as the 3 Jeans. ___ invented by ____.
____________ sim ple form. 4 The Harry Potter b o o k s _____ w ritten by . . .
5 The song Single Ladies _____ recorded by __ __ ___
2 Complete the table w ith th e irregular past p articiples 6 The part o f Jack S p a rro w ______played b y ________
below. W rite th e tw o m issing base form s too.
6 Rewrite the text in the passive. Use the present and past
bou gh t kept seen sent sold taken ta u g h t simple.
w ritte n
They launched the w ebsite Amazon.com in 1995. They
Base form Past p a rticip le chose the name ‘Amazon’ because it’ s the biggest river
: I in the w orld. At first, they only sold books. Soon, they
send
added CDs and DVDs. Today, they offer all kinds o f products
keep on th e ir w ebsite. People dow nload thousands o f ebooks
w rite - .......... every day from the Kindle store. Last year they sold goods
teach worth $25 billion!
The website Amaz.on.6om was launched ...
buy
sell The passive (present perfect and
future)
I
1 "
7 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same
3 Choose th e correct w ords to com plete the present sim ple as the first sentence. Use the correct form of be.
passive sentences. 1 a Somebody has stolen my bike!
1 Portuguese is / are spoken in Brazil. b My bike __ stolen!
2 Shoes isn ’t / aren’t worn in Japanese homes. 2 a Brazil has won the fo o tb a ll World Cup five tim es.
3 Pork isn ’t / aren’t eaten in M uslim countries. b The football World Cup _ _ ___ won by Brazil five tim es.
4 Ferraris is / are made in Italy. 3 a They’ve b u ilt th a t house too near the cliff!
5 M ost Internet pages is / are w ritten in English. b That house __ ____ b u ilt too near the cliff!
6 Champagne is / are drunk on special occasions. 4 a People have grown olives for thousands o f years,
b Olives _ _ grown for thousands o f years.
4 Complete the text. Use the present sim ple passive form of 5 a Scientists have discovered a new planet.
th e verbs in brackets. b A new p l a n e t ____ discovered by scientists.

8 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Use by if necessary to

say who has done the action.
1 They’ve broken a window.
2 They’ve burgled our house.
3 They’ve stolen four paintings.
4 The police have questioned three people.
First, the celebrity 1_____ (contact) by the magazine. 5 They’ve arrested a man and a woman.
If the celebrity agrees to the interview, a reporter 6 The local newspaper has contacted us.
2____ (send) to their house. The celebrity 3_____
(interview) and lots of photographs 4_____ (take).
Then the article 5_____ (write) - it’s always a very
kind one - and a lot of money 6____ (pay) to the
celebrity!

122 і Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 10

Grammar Reference

9 Complete the advertisement. Use the future passive form Passive (present simple)
(will) of the verbs in the brackets.
10.1 We form the present sim ple passive like this:
• present sim ple o f be + past participle o f the main verb.
Send US Affirmative
the story of This newspaper is published dailf.
your life These grapes are grown in Ital-f.

Negative
This wine isn't made in France.
Cars aren't used on the island of Tresco.

Interrogative
Is '(our bicycle serviced regularly?
Are fo u r clothes washed bf hand?
Don't worry if you can't write very well. The text
1__________ (read) by one of our expert editors Short answer
and mistakes 2_____ (correct). Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

The final te x t 3 \ (email) to you before Yes, the^ are. / No, the^ aren't.

printing. The cover 4 __________(design) using We use the passive when we w ant to focus on the action,
a photo of you. Then your book 5__________ not on who performs it, or when we don’t know who performs it.
We often use the present sim ple passive to describe a process.
(print) on high quality paper and a hundred copies First, the bottles are washed. Then th e fre sorted into different
6__________ (send) to your home. colours. Netf, thef ... , etc.

When we w ant to say who performed the action,

What a perfect gift for friends and family! we use by.
e*ams are marked b f the teachers.

Passive (other tenses)

10 Complete the questions. Use the correct passive form
We form o th e rte n se s o f the passive like this:
(present simple, past simple, present perfect or future)
• correct tense o f be + past participle o f the main verb.
of the verbs in brackets.
How many Harry Potter books ___ (write)? i Tense Example
Where ...... polar b e a rs___ . (find): the Arctic or the past sim ple This house was built in 1850.
Antarctic? friends were robbed in Mexico last '(ear.
Where _ the next Olympic Games __ (hold)?
present perfect Our car has been stolen!
Which kind o f food (sell) at a baker’ s shop?
The Twilight books have been read bf
Can you name one novel that __ (make) into a film?
millions.
In which c e n tu ry __ com puters ........ (invent)?
What lan g u a g e ______ (speak) by ordinary people in future sim ple His firs t novel will be published netf -{ear.
Ancient Rome? (will) The pyramids will be closed ne*t week.
______Scotland e v e r_______ (hit) by a tsunami?

11 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 10.

Grammar Builder and Reference Unit 10 123

P a rti Part 2: extension
Negative prefixes: un-, in-, im-, ir- and dis-
1 Label the pictures with the adjectives below.

arrogant clever generous impatient lazy nasty Negative prefixes: un-, in-, im-, ir- and dis-
shy talkative The prefixes un-, in-, im-, ir-, and dis- are negative.
When they come before an adjective, they make its
m eaning opposite.
kind - unkind patient - impatient
honest - dishonest responsible - irresponsible

4 Choose the correct words.

1 An honest / A dishonest person always tells the truth.
2 An ambitious / unambitious person tries very hard to be
successful.
3 A sensitive / An insensitive person doesn’t th in k about
other people’ s feelings.
4 A rational / An irrational person th in ks clearly and
carefully.
5 A loyal / disloyal friend says nasty things about you
when you’ re not there.
6 A tolerant / An intolerant person doesn’t listen to other
people’ s opinions.
7 An active / inactive person gets a lot o f exercise.
8 A lucky / An unlucky person often has bad luck.
9 A mature / An immature person behaves like a child.
10 A friendly / An unfriendly person makes a lot o f friends.

EXAM STRATEGY
The most common negative prefix is un-. If you are
com pleting an exercise and can’t decide w hich prefix
to use, choose this one!

5 Complete the sentences. Use the adjectives below with or

w ithout the prefix un-.

attra ctive believable fa ir fit gra te fu l safe

1 He’ s v e ry __________ He could be a m odel or a film star.
2 She’s v e ry _________ . She can run ten kilom etres.
3 Don’t touch th a t electric cable. It’s __________
4 Thanks for the present. I’ m v e ry __________
5 England are beating Brazil 8 -0 . That’s _______ __I
2 Write adjectives with the opposite meaning to those 6 My parents give my older sister more money than me.
in exercise 1. It’ s re a lly __________

3 Choose the correct adjectives.

1 He’ s funny / serious. He never tells jokes.
2 He’ s honest / dishonest. He never te lls the truth!
3 She’ s lazy / hard-working. She always does her
hom ework on time.
4 She’s rude / polite. She never says ‘ please’ or ‘th a n k
you’ .
5 He’s strong / weak. He always thinks for him self.

124 Vocabulary Builder Unit 1

Vocabulary Builder

Part 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions to find

out what your partner thinks o f the sports in exercise 1.
1 Do the puzzle. What is the mystery sport? ----------------------------------------\
W hat do you th in k o f... ? I love it. / 1like it. /
0 It’ s OK. / I’ m not very
interested in it. / I hate it.
:: - j

Part 2: extension
Collocations: sports and games
3 Read the dialogue. Then complete the chart with the words
below.

kick lose m iss pass score win

Suzie 1 played netball yesterday.
Kevin How did it go?
Suzie Well, 1 scored 25 points, but we d id n ’t w in the
game.
Kevin That’ s a shame. We lost our fo o tb a ll match. And 1
missed a really easy goal!
Suzie Oh dear. What happened?
Kevin Dylan passed the ball to me and 1 kicked it straight
at the goalkeeper!

Nouns
compete in / lose / win an event / a race
/ win a match
lose / a game
lose / / win a point
/ score a goal
miss / score a penalty
hit / / / th ro w a ball

4 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Change the

verbs into the past simple if necessary.

compete h it lose miss score win win

1 He was so disappointed - h e ______ a penalty in the last
m inute o f the match!
2 In badm inton, you need t o ______ 21 points t o ______
a game.
3 He isn’t one o f the biggest baseball players, but he
the ball very hard.
4 S h e ______ in her first rowing event when she was 43,
and am azingly s h e ______ it by more than ten metres!
5 I’ m pleased th a t we played well, but I’ m sad th a t we
the match.

Vocabulary Builder Unit 2 12

3 Vocabulary Builder

P a rti Part 2: extension

Compound nouns
1 Complete the sentences w ith th e w ords below.

cottage fie ld gate lane pavem ent pond 1 We can form com pound nouns from two nouns.
road signs rubbish bin street lamps tra ffic lig h ts l/) 2 We usually write them as two w ords (e.g. post
office), but som etim es as one word (e.g. postbox).
1 I can’t read t h e ______ - th e y’ re all in Welsh!
You need to check in a dictionary.
2 We drove along t h e ______ and into the village.
3 The horse escaped from t h e ______ by jum ping over the
4 Read the Learn this! box. Then complete these compound
nouns from Lesson 3A.
4 If you don’t w ant th a t sandwich, put it in the _____
5 The town centre is very dark. They need m o r e ______ bin box crossing lamp lights path pole sign
6 Stay on the _ ...w h e n you’ re w aiting to cross the road. 1 pedestrian _ _ _ _ _ 5 s tre e t______
7 Why are t h e ______ always red when I’ m in a hurry? 2 p o s t______ 6 te le g ra p h ______
8 My aunt lives in a beautiful old _ __in a sm all village. 3 road ___ _ 7 tra ffic ______
9 She threw the ball and it landed in the ___ w ith a 4 ru b b is h _____ 8 fo o t______
splash.
5 Match 1 -8 with a -h to make compound nouns. (Four of
2 W rite th e w ords in the correct order to make directions.
them are written as one word.)
1 straight / on / go
1 basket a teacher
2 end / to / go / the / the / road / of
2 head b w ork
3 first / take / the / right
3 week c tennis
4 traffic / turn / lights / the / at / right
4 home d pool
5 stop / go / past / bus / the
5 sweat e shirt
6 South / along / Street / go
6 shopping .. „ f end

3 k u jJ ik k h ' W ork in pairs. Look at the map. 7 sw im m ing g centre

8 table h ball
S tudent A: Give your partner directions to:
a the school. b the park. LOOK OUT! Stress in two-word compound nouns
S tudent B: Give your partner directions to: The main stress is usually on the first word (e.g. post
a the clothes shop. b the train station. office), but sometimes the stress is on both words (e.g.
pedestrian crossing).

1.31 Listen and repeat the compound nouns from

exercise 5. Underline the stress.

7 Complete the sentences with compound nouns from

exercise 5.
1 is a game fo r tw o teams o f five players.
2 My brother plays w aterpolo at our local __
3 We go for bike rides in the countryside at t h e _______
4 I finished m y ______ , but I left it on the bus!
5 I usually wear shorts and a ___ __ when I do athletics.
6 There’ s a fantastic new clothes shop in t h e _______
7 Is t h e __ ___ at your school a man or a woman?
8 We som etim es p la y ______ at school during the lunch
break.

126 Vocabulary Builder Unit 3

Vocabulary Builder

P a rti Part 2: extension

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think o f examples o f a ll th e types
-ed and -ing adjectives
o f film below. 4 Complete the table.
action film anim ated film comedy disaster film
amusing amused
docum entary film histo rica l drama horror film musical
rom antic comedy science fic tio n film th rille r war film annoying annoyed
i
western confused
2
disa p p o in tin g
is an action film .
If a person 3 ---------- then you disgusted
or th in g is em barrassing are 4

5
2 Read th e sentences. W hat types o f film are the people frightened
ta lk in g about? Choose from the lis t in exercise 1. 6
exhausting
1 I liked the songs, and the acting was OK, but the actors 7 shocked
couldn’t sing! 8
w orrying
2 I love film s about the Wild West, especially ones with
cowboys and Indians. 5 Can you add any more -ed and -ing adjectives to the table?
3 It was the m ost exciting and grip p in g film I’ve ever seen.
You d id n ’t know who the m urderer was u n til the
6 Describe the people in the photos. Use -ed
very end.
adjectives from exercise 4.
4 I’ m really interested in th a t period o f history, but I d o n’t
th in k the film was very accurate, so I d id n ’t enjoy it.
5 The special effects were amazing. I alm ost believed th a t
it was 2050 and people actually lived on the planet Mars.
6 It was about the Battle o f Britain in 1940. Very exciting,
but also quite violent.
7 It was very funny, and the ending was hilarious!
8 It was probably the scariest ghost story I’ve ever seen.

3 Choose the correct adjectives.

1 I can’t stand rom antic comedies. They’ re too predictable / 7 Work in pairs. Use -ing adjectives to describe these things
serious. and experiences in your life.
2 The special effects were absolutely spectacular / moving.
1 a sports event
3 I d id n ’t find the characters or the story interesting. It was
2 a war film
a very g rip p in g / d u ll film .
3 a day out w ith your friends
4 It was a really e n te rta in in g / serious film - the audience
4 your last maths lesson
clapped at the end.
5 an argum ent w ith a fam ily member
5 It was a very slow / m oving film . Not much happened in
6 Christmas Day ^
the first hour.
--------------------------- ,
6 I’ m not keen on war film s. They’ re too slow / vio le n t for
A sports event. It was exciting. It was also
me.
disa p p o in tin g , because my team lost.
7 The ending was very predictable / moving. Lots o f people V_____ _________________________________ J
were crying as they left the cinema.
8 The film was too scary / g rip p in g for the children. They 8 Complete the adjectives.
hid behind the sofa! 1 I don’t like th is film . It’ s bor_______
2 I can’t do th is calculation. It’ s confus_______
3 Try not to get annoy_____ w ith your little sister.
4 I fell over in the canteen. It was so embarrass __
5 I’ m worr__ about my exams. I hope I don’t fail.
6 The pictures of the earthquake on TV were shock______
7 We were disgust______ at his bad language.
8 They were e x h a u s t._____at the end o f the 10 km race.

Vocabulary Builder Unit 4 127

Vocabulary Builder

P a rti SPEAKING W rite a sh o pping lis t w ith e ig h t d iffe re n t item s.

Then swap w ith your partner. Say w hich shops your partner
1 Label the pictures w ith the w ords below. needs to vis it.

baker’ s chem ist’s DIY store electrical store

estate agent’ s garden centre je w e lle r’ s s ta tio n e r’ s
Part 2: extension
Verbs: shopping and money
4 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form o f th e verbs
below.

borrow charge cost lend owe pay fo r save

se ll spend
1 P lease______ those DVDs at the till.
2 ‘ I’v e ______all my money at the cinema. I need t o _______
some for the bus.’ ‘ OK. I’ l l ______ you £ 1 .’
3 I need to w ork at the café this weekend. I .. my
parents £100.
4 My sister’s really careful w ith money. S h e ______ m ost o f
her pocket money every week - she never buys anything!
5 They ........ sweets and chocolate at the newsagent’s.
6 The console was expensive. It nearly £300. But
they d id n ’t ______me for the games.

Talking about prices

We w rite We say
75p Seventy-five p
£15 Fifteen pounds
£4.99 Four pounds ninety-nine or four ninety-nine

PRONUNCIATION Study the in form ation in th e box above,

then say the prices.
1 £2.50 4 £45
2 50p 5 £10.99
3 £19.95 6 95p

iH iM VW M Complete th e dialogue. Use the correct form o f

verbs from exercise 4. Then read it aloud in pairs.
Custom er Hello. 11 th is surfing magazine about
five m inutes ago. I th in k you made a mistake.
A ssista n t Really? W hat’ s the problem?
Custom er Well, I gave you £5, but I only got £1.05
change.
A ssista n t How much does the magazine 2______ ? Let’s
see ... £2.95.
C ustom er S o y o u 3_ ____ me too much.
Look at Gina’ s sh opping lis t. How many shops does she
A ssista n t You’ re right. 1*______ you £1. Here you are.
need to visit? Which ones? (There is no superm arket in her
Custom er Thanks.
tow n!)
A ssista n t Have you seen th is new surfing magazine?
2. kg chicken the new Hilary Puff CX> If you buy it today, you 5_ ____ £2.
a car magaz-ine 'The Independent' newspaper C ustom er It looks interesting. But I can’t 6______ any
l kg sausages S burgers more money. I need to 7______it fo r the bus
l kg carrots a new VJii game home!

128 Vocabulary Builder Unit 5

............. -, :

Vocabulary Builder

P a rti Part 2: extension

Phrasal verbs
1 Complete the names o f th e electronic devices w ith the
w ords below. 4 Look at the pictures and phrasal verbs. Match the opposites
book console fram e nav PC player recorder TV
1 ta b le t______ 5 M P 3 _____ 1 turn on / a put away
2 hard d is k . 6 g a m e s ___ switch on
3 note_____ 7 sat_______
4 satellite __ 8 dig ita l photo
2 turn up turn o f f /
2 W hat electronic devices should these people buy? switch off
1 I like books, but they take up too much space.
2 I w ant to listen to music w hile I’ m w alking to school.
3 I w ant to make a film o f my grandad’ s 80th birthday. 3 take out c take o ff
4 I love w atching film s on television. But I w ant a really
clear and high-quality picture.
5 My mum is always getting lost in her car.
6 My laptop is a b it old, and quite heavy. d turn down

e pull out

5 Complete the sentences with the prepositions below.

away down off on out up

1 Can you p ic k _____ my MP3 player? I dropped it
on the floor.
2 Can you tu r n ______ the radio? There’s a really good
music programme on in a m inute.
3 When I s w itc h e d ______ the light, I couldn’t see anything.
4 Can you please p u t ______the DVDs when you’ve
watched them?
5 She to o k ______ her m obile phone and turned it on.
6 Can you tu r n ______the TV? It’ s too loud!

6 Read the Learn this! box. Then rewrite the sentences using
the object pronoun in brackets.

When we use this type o f phrasal verb w ith an object

3 idaTJaL'M Work in pairs. Match the sentences w ith the
pronoun {me, him, it, them, etc.), we must put it
devices below. M ore than one answer is possible.
between the verb and the preposition.
camcorder d ig ita l radio d ig ita l photo frame Please switch off your mobile. Please switch it off.
ebook reader games console HDTV hard disk recorder
MP3 player notebook satnav sa te llite TV Please put away th a t DVD. (it)
sm artphone ta b le t PC He picked up his baby son. (him)
He to o k out his w allet, (it)
1 You can listen to music on it.
Can you turn up the music? (it)
2 It helps you to find your way.
They put on th e ir coats, (them)
3 You can store photos on it.
She put down her MP3 player, (it)
4 You can record or watch moving pictures on it.
Turn on the lights! (them)
5 You can read stories on it.
Take o ff those dirty trainers! (them)
6 You can play games on it.

Vocabulary Builder Unit 6 i;

7 Vocabulary Builder

P a rti Part 2: extension

1 Label the pictures with the words below. Phrasal verbs
cross your legs fold your arms give a thumbs up 4 Label the pictures with the phrasal verbs below.
hold hands pat somebody on the back shake hands bend down hold out your arms lie down
shake your head shrug your shoulders lift up your foot put up your hand sit down sit up
stand up turn over turn round

2 Write the correct gesture. Choose from the phrases below.

Sometimes more than one answer is correct.
beckon bow hold hands hug kiss nod
pat somebody on the back point shake hands
shake your head shrug your shoulders wave wink 5 Choose the correct phrases.
What do you do when you: 1 John always lifts up his foot / puts up his hand to answer
1 w ant tn say w ? shake fo u r head
in class.
2 w ant to s a y ‘ Come here’? ___________ __
2 When you’ re on a bicycle, don’t lift up your foot / bend
3 w ant to s a y ‘yes’? ______________
down before you start moving!
4 say goodbye to som eone? __________ __
3 My little daughter held out her arms / put up her hand so
5 s a y ‘well done’ ? ______________
that I could pick her up.
6 w ant to com fort a fam ily m em ber?______________
4 I heard someone call my name, so I bent down / turned
7 meet a Japanese person fo r the first tim e ? _________
8 w ant to say th a t you are joking? _ _ _ _ round and looked.
9 w ant to show som ething to som ebody?___________ 5 He bent down / lay down and picked up his shoes from
10 w ant to say th a t you d o n ’t kn o w ?______________ the floor.
6 Uncle Stanley lay down / stood up on the sofa because
3 IHdJMMd Work in pairs. Take turns to be A and B. he w asn’t feeling well.
Student A: Choose a gesture from exercise 1 or 2. 7 Go into the classroom, sit up / sit down and get out your
Do it or mime it. books.
Student B: Say w hat Student A is doing. 8 My mum says my dad keeps turning round / turning over
in his sleep and w aking her up.
iMd. j
You’ re shaking your head
130 Vocabulary Builder Unit 7
Vocabulary Builder

P a rti Part 2: extension

1 Label the pictures w ith six o f the natural disasters below.
Word formation: noun suffixes -ion, -ation
and -ness
avalanche disease dro u g h t earthquake fam ine
flood forest fire hurricane landslide tornado
We can form nouns by adding suffixes (word endings) to
tsunam i volcanic eruption
verbs or adjectives. Sometimes the spelling changes.
1 verb + -ion / -ation
oppress -» oppression
organise -> organisation
2 adjective + -ness
sad -* sadness
tired -» tiredness

3 Read the Learn this! box. Then com plete the table below.
(The sp e llin g changes in one o f th e nouns.)

inform -ation
react -ion
educate -ion
protect -ion

EB&i
dark -ness
-ness

4 Q Listen and repeat. U nderline th e stress on the

verbs, adjectives and nouns in th e table above. When is the
stress on th e noun d iffe re n t from the stress on th e verb or
adjective?

5 Complete th e sentences w ith nouns from exercise 3 and the

Learn this! box.
1 T______ is dangerous when you’ re driving. You should
rest.
2 After years o f o______ , the people have finally been able
to vote in an election.
3 You can find more i______ about these issues by looking
online.
4 Young children who have to w ork need the p______ of the
governm ent.
5 So far, there has been no r______ from the governm ent to
the protests.
6 The sounds o f war continue all day, and even during the
hours o f d_______
2 Match th e headlines w ith natural disasters from exercise 1.
a Lava destroys town
b Water levels stilt rising as rain continues
c Road buried under tonnes o f rock and mud
d Snowboarders found alive under 5m o f snow
e Two years w ith o u t rain
f Heat and smoke force people from homes

Vocabulary Builder Unit 8

Vocabulary Builder

P a rti Part 2: extension

Word formation: noun suffixes -er/-or, -ist and -ician
Complete the crimes with the endings below.

-ary -bery -ding -eft -er -ging -ism ■ling 5 Read the Learn this! box. Find five more words with the -er
-on -ting suffix in the list in exercise 2.

1 joyri _ _ 6 r o b ____ Words that describe a person who does a particular

2 d ru g d e a ______ 7 mug______ activity often end in -er/-or, -ist or -ician.
3 burgl_____ 8 murd_ 1 Words th a t end in -er/-or are often connected w ith a
4 vandaL 9 ars. _ verb:

5 s h o p liL 10 th ___ A mugger is somebody who mugs people.

A film director is somebody who directs films.
2 Read sentences 1 -1 0 . What kinds of criminal are they? 2 Words th a t end -ist are often connected w ith a noun:
Choose from the words below. An arsonist commits arson.
A novelist writes novels.
arsonist burglar drug dealer joyrider mugger
3 Words th a t end -ician are often connected w ith an
murderer robber shoplifter th ief vandal
-ical adjective o ra noun:
1 She killed her husband. An electrician does electrical work.
2 She takes things from shops w ith o u t paying for them . A magician does magic.
3 He sells cocaine and heroin to teenagers.
4 He got into the house through an open w indow and took
some cash and jewellery. 6 Complete the words with -er/-or, -ist or -ician. Use the
5 Some teenagers broke three shop w indow s in the town. information in the Learn this! box to help you.
6 He to ok his neighbour’ s car and drove it around tow n late
1 He’s a p o lit_______He makes p o litica l decisions.
at night w ith his friends.
7 She took a w allet from som ebody’ s bag during the lunch 2 He’s an act_______He acts in plays and film s.
hour. 3 She’s a software programm _______She programs
8 They stole £1 m illion from a bank in Bristol. software.
9 She set fire to an old house near the village. 4 She’ s a reception _ . She works in reception at a big
10 He attacked tw o girls in the street and to o k th e ir m obiles hotel.
and th e ir handbags. 5 As a child, my sister was always good at maths. Now
she’s a m athem at_______
3 Match the crimes in exercise 1 with the types of criminal
in exercise 2. 6 She’ s a scient_______She works in a science laboratory.
7 He’ s a vio lin ._. .... He plays the vio lin .
h Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the 8 She’ s a clean_____ . She cleans offices.
verbs below.
7 Match pictures a -h with the people in exercise 6.
burgle deal go murder rob set steal vandalise
1 Robin H o o d ___ from the rich and gave to the poor. □
2 Armed crim inals __ tw o banks in Bristol last week.
3 S om e b o d y___ _ this telephone box six tim es since last 1
March. The phone never works. I K * I
4 Somebody _ _ my a unt’ s house last weekend. They
to o k jew ellery and a DVD player.
5 Jason so m e tim e s______ _ joyriding at the weekend. His
parents d o n ’t know about it.
6 A drug dealer a man in M anchester yesterday. The
police have arrested him.
7 Mark uses drugs, but he doesn’t ___ __ them .
8 If he __ . fire to any more buildings, he w ill go to
prison fo r sure.

132 Vocabulary Builder Unit 9

10

P a rti Part 2: extension

1 Complete the crossword.
Books and text

4 3 Label th e pictures w ith th e w ords below.

3
a u th o r back cover chapter contents page fro n t cover
5
hardback page num ber paperback p u blisher spine
6 title
7_

11
10

12

13

14

Clues across
3 A ______ often contains photos and articles about
fam ous people.
5 A uses pictures and speech bubbles to tell stories.
6
6 A contains words and th e ir de fin itio n s.
7 A _____ tells you h o w to cook particular dishes.
8 A is a book that you use in lessons at school or LOOK OUT!
college. Nouns can function as adjectives when put in fro n t o f other
9 A ______ is a book about a person’ s life, w ritten by nouns, e.g. front cover. They w ork as adjectives to give
another person. more in fo rm a tio n about the noun.

10 A _ gives inform ation about recent events in the

w orld. 4 Read the Lookout! box and find examples of three other
nouns functioning as adjectives in the word list above.
12 A n ______ is a book o f maps.
Can you th ink of any others?
13 A is a show that you see at the theatre.
14 A ______ is a long, fictio n a l story. 5 Answer the questions about your copy of Solutions
2nd edition.
Clues down
1 Is it a hardback or a paperback?
1 A n ______ contains inform ation about lots o f different
2 How many words are on the front cover?
subjects.
3 How many website addresses are on the back cover?
2 A ______ provides inform ation about a place you are 4 What colour are the page numbers?
visiting. 5 What inform ation is on the spine?
4 A n ______ is a person’ s story o f his, her own life. 6 How many contents pages are there?
11 A ______tells you how to use som ething. 7 What are the authors’ names?
8 What is the name o f the publisher?
2 T hink o f one real example o f a play, a novel, a textbook, 9 In w hat parts o f the book does the title appear?
a magazine, a d ictio n a ry and a newspaper.

Vocabulary Builder Unit 10 13