Republic of the Philippines

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Architectural Design VI (AR 341/343D)

Research Paper:
ALTA AGORA
(Commercial Center)

To be submitted to
AR., EnP. Jane Anne Manuel
Instructor

To be submitted by
Arcillas, Jeammer M.
Baltazar, Erika Jamiele S.
Mendoza, Alcris DG.
Salvaña, Glaiza C.

BSAR 3A

ARIL 2022
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 3

B. DESIGN PROBLEM 5
C. THE SITE 5
D. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6
E. DESIGN GOAL/S 8
F. DESIGN OBJECTIVES 9
G. DESIGN CONCEPT 10
H. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS: 12
I. DESIGN PRINCIPLES: 12
J. DESIGN STRATEGIES: 13
K. DESIGN FEATURES: 14
L. CODE SURVEY 18
M. SITE ANALYSIS 80
N. ACTIVITY FLOW DIAGRAM 84
O. SPACE ANALYSIS 85
P. SPACE PROGRAMMING 85
Q. MATRIX DIAGRAM 87
R. BUBBLE DIAGRAM 89
S. FUNCTIONAL GROUP AND ZONING 92
T. SCHEMATICS 94
U. DEFINITION OF TERMS 97
BIBLIOGRAPHY 97

Job Plan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Research Paper

Drawing

Photo Documentation
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

First Meeting: March 18, 2022

Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Second Meeting: March 25, 2022

CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background

A. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

Bulacan has been called a rising business hub. It being a competitive province with a rich
historical background, will no doubt transform into an economic powerhouse as investments
prime areas north of the capital for growth. In addition to that, Malolos City as its capital is a part
of Metro Manila Urban Beltway Super Region. Meaning, business competition in the area is
common, and harder to have a marketable business that attains ample return of investments.
Aside from that, being an urban area, these will also result in a congested and polluted zone that
affects the peoples experience.

A research published by the international research and advocacy-focused Transnational

Institute (TNI) showed that malls across the world are experiencing a slow and painful death,
with studies predicting that malls in the United States and China will continue to dwindle in the
coming years and be replaced by community colleges, business offices, and healthcare facilities.
Yet, even though malls across the world are dying, in the Philippines they continue to expand.
In the digital age where online shopping is popular and in the midst of the pandemic where
people's lives are on the line, 63 percent of Filipinos would still be going to commercial centers.
It is because in the Philippines, malls are part of our modern culture. We can observe this
whenever we ask Filipinos where they spend their leisure time, we rarely answer with anything
other than going into the mall. As we enjoy flocking to commercial centers on a regular basis.

Commercial center is part of the city itself. This is where the most businesses are located.
It serves as a platform for most of the city’s major industries and provides the general public with
free air-conditioning in tropical settings such as ours, areas in which to work, a one-stop shop for
all life’s necessities, socialization, relaxation, and many of its pleasures.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

In our country, a lot of mixed-use estates are built. But rarely, however, do bring together
commerce and the city in a setting that encourages community, environment and culture.
We aim to create a commercial center in Malolos City that will provide an access even
from people of nearby towns of a safe, short and quick respite from the busy and hectic schedule
they keep. An accessible and convenient establishment that is a modern community that brings
together spaces to serve people’s needs and aspirations. Together with astounding features and
amenities, walkable spaces, accessible transportation terminals, green spaces, rich entertainment
facilities, and effective office spaces, it is user experience centered and in respect of its genius
loci that will make locals proud.

B. DESIGN PROBLEM
PANDEMIC FEAR
From the famous philosophy of Louis Sullivan’s “Form Follows Function” into
the present notion of “Form Follows the Fear of Infection”. Solve by b back to life by
giving the mass the breath of life it should resonate.

HEAVY TRAFFIC ARTERIALS

The lot actually epitomizes the idea of an oasis, for it is situated around a U-Shape
Road of both major and minor roads which apparently causes unwanted vehicular
congestion along the streets of the city center. Thus, proper planning and provision for
spacious parking within the perimeter of the site is a great contribution both for the urban
planning of the city but also for the security purposes of the cars around.

CHALLENGE ON HARMONIOUS DESIGN ON ITS GENIUS LOCI

The location of the site which is at the City of Malolos, the Provincial
Government of Bulacan is known to have a rich historical background thus considering its
genius loci, the design aims to transform the project into a tropical paradise that will
harmoniously blend to the malolos vernacular materials
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

Bulacan is a part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region and most of its
areas, especially the city of Malolos suffers from urban heat island effect. The preliminary
solutions are subdivided into two: for the building (Hybrid Pre-Cooling Design), and for
the vicinity (Tropical Design and Evaporative Cooling).

C. THE SITE
The site is located in the City of Malolos, Bulacan. Bulacan is a province in the
Philippines situated in Central Luzon with 21 municipalities and 3 cities. It was ranked 10th
among the country's most competitive provinces by the Department of Trade and Industry
(DTI). Its capital is the City of Malolos that has a population of 261,189 according to the
2020 census and is famous for its historical sites. Being a strategic location, Malolos City is
an engine of economic growth. Hence, competition in businesses is common.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature

D. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Designing a Tropical Commercial Center

De Jesus A., 2011, says that tropical architecture works to achieve thermal comfort
through the use of design elements, such as sunshades, cavity walls, light shelves, overhangs,
roof and wall insulation and even shading from trees. The design principles of tropical
architecture include: regional evaluation; climatic elements; site selection; sol-air orientation;
solar control on the environment and building; forms, wind effects and air flow patterns; thermal
effects of materials; and heliothermic planning. In addition, maximum cross ventilation, natural
lighting, louvers and natural materials are key elements for optimizing natural ventilation to cool
tropical buildings.
Rooms separated from the corridor by sliding doors: This allows air to circulate freely
when the doors are open. Staggered slats allow for ventilation even when the doors are closed.
The topmost part of all the doors has a skylight with a sliding glass pane that also allows for air
movement. Room walls finished with eggshells: The walls aid in the natural lighting because
they reflect lighter and the rooms are better illuminated with the natural light. Unlike with
concrete walls, there is less heat in the room. Double-thick roof made of precast curved cement
concrete tiles: The convection of air keeps the roof and the top-floor rooms as cool as the lower
floors. Large operable horizontal louvers: The entire building on both the north and south sides is
equipped with large operable horizontal louvers that protect from sunlight, wind and rain while
allowing for natural ventilation. By avoiding direct sunlight, the building allows rooms to remain
cool without the need for mechanical ventilation. Landscaping with surrounding garden: Trees,
grass and shallow pools are used to create a cooling effect. High walls around the property are
installed to avoid the heat island effect from non-shaded areas.

Pre-Cooling Design Systems

Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

According to Fenton D. 2019, the pre cooling process is the removal of field heat
immediately following harvest, where field heat accelerates the deterioration and senescence
processes. Different techniques are available to accomplish the pre cooling process for fresh
produce, which includes room cooling, forced-air cooling, hydro cooling, vacuum, slurry, or
liquid ice. Forced air precooling is the most applied technique and is customized to many
perishables. The categorization of the forced air precooling method includes wet deck or ice
banks system and the dry coil high humidity technique. The wet deck system provides cold
humid air that minimizes the water loss of produce during the process of precooling, while the
dry coil system applies a direct expansion or secondary coolant coil with a large size and
advanced control to operate at a small temperature difference in order to maintain a high relative
humidity of the leaving air stream. An evaluation of precooling systems is presented through the
current chapter that exhibits a description of the theory behind each system with its main
different components and modes of actions. This chapter aims to stimulate interest in precooling
and encourage its use on a more widespread basis via the illustration of the different systems
details.

Evaporative Cooling Process

According to N.A. 2015, Evaporation occurs whenever the vapor pressure of water, in
the form of droplets. or a wetted surface, is higher than the partial pressure of the water vapor in
the adjacent atmosphere. When the decrease in the dry bulb temperature of the air is
accompanied by an increase in its moisture content the process is known as "direct evaporative
cooling" and is characterized by a displacement along a constant wet bulb. When the evaporation
taking place side a tube or on a surface results in a decrease of surface temperature, the
temperature of the adjacent air decreases without increase of its moisture content. In this case.
the process is known as indirect evaporative cooling and is characterized by a displacement
along a constant moisture content line.

Tropical Architecture in the Philippines

According to Lamudi 2019, in the Philippines, where temperatures can reach a scorching
42.2 degrees Celsius, the traditional concrete/plywood house is no longer enough. The goal of
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

tropical architecture is to achieve thermal comfort through the use of passive design elements.
These houses would then be designed with sunshades, overhangs, cavity walls, and light shelves
in order to block the sun. Roof and wall insulation would also be installed as added protection.
The word “tropical” often conjures up images of the quintessentially Filipino nipa hut or bahay
kubo; indeed, the nipa hut is arguably the simplest and purest example of tropical architectural
design. However, the bahay kubo is not a common architectural style in areas like Metro Manila
and its surrounding regions. For one, its usual materials are not durable enough to withstand
extreme weather conditions like typhoons—not to mention fires that are a common occurrence in
cramped, stuffy places in the city.

Light-colored exteriors

The first thing one would notice about tropical-inspired houses is that their exterior walls always
come in pale colors like white, gray or beige—a characteristic that is reflected in Trava’s model
houses. That’s because colors on the lighter end of the spectrum cause heat waves to bounce
away from a house’s walls. In contrast, dark-colored walls absorb heat, giving way to rising
temperatures within a building.

External shading

Another distinctive feature of the tropical architectural design is the shading outside the house.
Whether it’s in the form of the brise-soleil (sunshades), overhangs, or plants and trees, external
shading also helps to lower internal temperatures. Also, the brise-soleil, in particular, adds a nice
aesthetic touch to even the simplest-looking residence.

Insulated building envelopes

Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Low-thermal conductive materials (such as clay for roof tiles) reduce heat gain, meaning the
house will cool faster and lessen the need for appliances such as air conditioners. The insulating
material can be purchased separately, though there are houses that already have it installed, to
begin with.

Long, wide eaves.

“Eave” refers to the part of the roof that sticks out beyond the wall and over the house. The
longer and wider it is, the more easily it can protect a house from the elements. Luckily, this is a
common feature in tropical houses such as Trava’s concept houses.

Open plan layout

Tropical homes are characterized by open-plan layouts, though the savvy homeowner would not
necessarily want to leave everything ajar. Aside from security concerns, having too many open
windows would invite excess heat into a house. Instead, the openings should be positioned in a
way that optimal airflow is achieved.

Optimal ventilation

A well-designed tropical home lets airflow in such a way that, rain or shine, its interior would
remain comfortable. This is achieved through strategically placed openings and partitions that
allow air to move throughout the house at just the right velocity and temperature.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

CHAPTER 3
Action Plan

E. DESIGN GOAL/S

The Alta Agora Commercial Center Design answers 3 main questions for determining its
goals. Below are the questions followed by its goals:

What does it do?

The goal of the design is to be able to manifest and epitomize the sudden entrepreneurial
inclination of Bulakeños due to its economic boom of trade and commerce. Malolos is an urban
tropical location thus the project ALTA AGORA will turn this into a tropical paradise that adapts
to its environment, harmonizes vernacular beauty and function. The vision is to be able to design
a play of space, lighting, and texture together with sustainability as a guiding element as it
elevates itself into a tourist attraction with due respect to its genius-loci.

Who will it help?

The goal is to create a masterpiece and spectacular blend of dramatic platform and
tropical architecture that will mainly help the local city of Malolos, acquire sufficient return of
investment through architectural tourism and to be able to provide some sort of paradise-escape-
feel commercial center in the heart of the busy Provincial Government of Bulacan.

How much impact does it create?

The goal is to be able to rival other best destinations in adjacent provinces through a
unique and fresh design of a commercial center, and promote tourism in Bulacan for having the
first ever tropical commercial center in the Philippines and to solve all the design problems
indicated on the problem statement, along with the other arising design difficulties such as
possible heavy traffic arterials and pandemic ideology of form follows the fear of infection.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

F. DESIGN OBJECTIVES

1. COMFORTABILITY AND ENTERTAINMENT

a. Hybrid Cooling Design
i. Natural Cross Ventilation on Hallways
ii. Pre-Cooling Ventilation on Stalls
b. Luxurious Design
c. First Class Experience
d. Age Inclusive
1. LANDSCAPING
a. Spacious Allotment for Parking Space
b. Landscape as Acoustical Treatment Adjacent Roads
1. ENVIRONMENTAL
a. Maximized Natural Ventilation and Lighting
b. Provision for Sky Garden
c. Air Filtering Walls and Facade that filters:
i. Formaldehyde
ii. Xylene
iii. Nitrogen Oxides
iv. Carbon Footprint Emission by Buses, Cars, Taxis, Jeepneys, and Tricycle
1. ECONOMICAL
a. Luxurious Design behind Economical
b. Photovoltaic Cells on Roofing
1. SAFETY
a. Technical Safety
b. Promotes Safe and Smart Parking
c. Structural Integrity
d. Pandemic Safety
i. Oligodynamic, Biocote, and Anti-Microbial Technology
ii. Breathing Walls (Natural and Chemically Treated)
iii. Provision for Al Fresco Activity Areas
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

iv. Automatic Doors

2. URBAN PLANNING

G. DESIGN CONCEPT: ALTA AGORA (Commercial Center)

“AN INCORPORATION OF TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE DESIGN AND
DIGITAL VERNACULAR MATERIALS WITH RESPECT TO CULTURE, HARMONY,
AND TROPICAL SETTING OF THE PROPOSED COMMERCIAL CENTER AT THE
HEART OF THE BUSY STREETS OF MALOLOS CITY AMIDST PANDEMIC ERA.”

The Project ALTA AGORA situated in the City of Malolos is a prospective Tropical
Paradise having a proposed concept that would adapt to its environment harmonizing beauty
with function. It is a modernist vision, a construction of bamboo, glass, and concrete that creates
an ambiance of a socially-inclusive environment. The principal concept is Tropical Design along
with the other supporting design concept that answers the identified design problems.

Modern Tropical Design is a form of design based on modern architecture but which
takes into account the specific needs that emerge due to the environment. It is an architectural
approach that focuses and responds to the climatic and environmental conditions of the tropical
region. It studies the significant influences that impact the tropics and develops passive strategies
to mitigate the heat gain in a building to be a natural defense against the high heat index of
Malolos Bulacan.

Furthermore, the design of the ALTA AGORA does not only end with the tropical design
statement, for there are supporting design concepts that are vital to achieve the tropical design,
the commercial center would like to interpret. Starting from the call of harmony and beauty of
the Malolos genius-loci to promote tourism through the concept that utilizes digital vernacular
materials with the theme singkaban, a festival relevant to all the bulakenyos. Next supporting
design concept anchored in the main tropical design was the insurance of thermal comfort that is
supported by hybrid pre-cooling design and strategies and through the presence of one of the
design feature, a water element that promotes evaporative cooling all throughout the vicinity and
the alfresco areas. Last supporting design concept that was also anchored in tropical design was
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

the breathing architecture that apparently solves all the social and pandemic anxieties of the
customers. A provision of spacious open air was provided in the design manifested through
another design feature of the commercial center which is the sky garden.

This will be an architectural feat that elevates itself into a tourist attraction and will rival
other destinations in adjacent cities, contributing to the local government unit that will offer
sufficient return of investments.

DESIGN THEME:
SINGKABAN MEETS THE MODERN TROPICAL REALM OF ARCHITECTURE
SUPPORTING CONCEPTS:
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE, HYBRID PRE-COOLING ARCHITECTURE

H. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
1. Location - understanding the context of the site, its influences and factors to the
surrounding environment.
2. Organization of spaces – arrange spaces according to its functionality
3. Mobility, Access, and Visibility – implement accessibility measures for good circulation
flow of its users.
4. Good parking facility – allot spacious parking space to accommodate all modes of
transportation.
5. Sustainability – incorporate a healthy indoor environment through sustainable methods
and materials.
6. Pandemic-ready – design a building that prevents further transmission of infectious
diseases in the future.
7. Climatic Conditions – adapt to the ever-changing environment of a tropical country.
8. Technological adoption – sustain the advancement of technology in the digital world.
9. Safety and Security – ensures the safety and security of its users, resources, structure
and operations.
10. User’s Satisfaction –prioritize the user’s comfortability and convenience.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

I. DESIGN PRINCIPLES:
A. Site Analysis - Provides an understanding of the site in terms of its context, constraints
and opportunities
B. Space flexibility and functional zoning - Ability to adapt various space layouts and
designs to sustain current trends and needs of the users
C. Universal design and aesthetic beauty - Provides appropriate size and space approach
to accommodate people with a wide range of abilities, disabilities and other
characteristics without compromising the building's aesthetic beauty.
D. Parking layout
E. Self-sufficient building - Ability to produce own energy to reduce carbon emission and
ecological footprint
F. Antivirus-built environment - Mitigates the spread and contamination of viruses to
prevent disease transmission
G. Tropical Design - Responds to climatic and environmental conditions in tropical regions
to achieve thermal comfort through passive design strategies.
H. Smart building technology - Innovative use of advanced technology and its automated
systems for easier and better use of resources
I. Safe design - Integration of hazard identification and risk assessment methods in the
design process to minimize injuries
J. All-inclusive design - Designed for and accessed by many people regardless of age,
gender, and disability.

J. DESIGN STRATEGIES:
1. Site Analysis
● Considering historical influences of the surrounding site/s in Malolos
● Urban context of the site
● Orienting the building where it maximizes the use of natural daylight and
ventilation
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

2. Space flexibility and functional zoning

● Improve land-use and site management
● Formulating a good tenant mixture and placement of these tenants.
3. Universal design and aesthetic beauty
● Ensuring a good circulation flow of users and vehicles.
● Accessible to all age groups and diverse interests.
● Unobstructed view of the building surfaces
4. Parking layout
● Well-designed parking space with good ingress and egress to prevent traffic
congestion within the area
5. Self-sufficient building
● Use of natural sustainable low maintenance materials
● Reduction of carbon and construction footprint emitted by nearby buildings and
vehicles.
● Energy efficient strategies with heating and cooling systems
6. Antivirus-built environment
● Improve indoor air quality
7. Tropical Design
● Climate-resilient and adaptable buildings.
● Locally rooted design and construction solutions
8. Smart building technology
● Application of sensors and software that automate processes to control building
operations as well as interactive technologies.
9. Safe design
● Structural Integrity
● Provision of emergency evacuations plans, fire safety, and alarm systems.
10. All-inclusive design
● Ensure a good quality service and perfect atmosphere for user’s comfortability
and convenience.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

K. DESIGN FEATURES:
I. Site Analysis
● Spacious Landscape
● Provision of water bodies
J. Space flexibility and functional zoning
● Transitional spaces between entrances and shops
● Integration of wayfinding system
K. Universal design and aesthetic beauty
● Application of ergonomic and anthropometric designs.
● Interplay between light and shadow, space, and materials.
L. Parking layout
● Eliminating dead-end parking areas for free-through of traffic
M. Self-sufficient building
● Hybrid Cooling Design
● Rainwater Harvesting
● Photovoltaic Systems
● Natural Sustainable Materials
● Air filtering walls and facade filters
● Sustainable drainage systems
N. Antivirus-built environment
● Hygienic building materials on walls, flooring, and ceiling.
● Al fresco areas
● Breathing walls
O. Tropical Design
● Modern tropical architecture
● Outdoor terraces
● Provision of a sky garden equipped with nature-based solutions.
P. Smart building technology
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

● Interactive window displays and immersive screens

Q. Safe design
● Enhanced entrances
● More open spaces and walkways
● Fire detection and extinction and alarm systems
● CCTV and thermal cameras with video analysis
R. All-inclusive design
● Balance architecture and landscape

DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN

CONSIDERATIONS PRINCIPLES STRATEGIES FEATURES

LOCATION Site Analysis ● Considering ● Spacious

historical influences Landscape
of the surrounding ● Provision of
site/s in Malolos water bodies
● Urban context of the
site
● Orienting the
building where it
maximizes the use of
natural daylight and
ventilation

ORGANIZATION OF Space flexibility and ● Improve land-use ● Transitional

SPACES functional zoning and site management spaces between
● Formulating a good entrances and
tenant mixture and shops
placement of these ● Integration of
tenants. wayfinding
system

MOBILITY, ACCESS, Universal design ● Ensuring a good ● Application of

AND VISIBILITY and aesthetic beauty circulation flow of ergonomic and
users and vehicles. anthropometric
● Accessible to all age designs.
groups and diverse ● Interplay
interests. between light
● Unobstructed view and shadow,
of the building space, and
surfaces materials.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

● Artificial glass
waterfalls

GOOD PARKING Parking layout ● Well-designed ● Eliminating

FACILITY parking space with dead-end
good ingress and parking areas
egress to prevent for free-through
traffic congestion of traffic
within the area

SUSTAINABILITY Self-sufficient ● Use of natural ● Hybrid Cooling

building sustainable low Design
maintenance ● Rainwater
materials Harvesting
● Reduction of carbon ● Photovoltaic
and construction Systems
footprint emitted by ● Natural
nearby buildings and Sustainable
vehicles. Materials
● Energy efficient ● Air filtering
strategies with walls and facade
heating and cooling filters
systems ● Sustainable
drainage
systems

PANDEMIC-READY Antivirus-built ● Improve indoor air ● Hygienic

environment quality building
materials on
walls, flooring,
and ceiling.
● Al fresco areas
● Breathing walls

CLIMATIC Tropical Design ● ● Modern tropical

CONDITIONS ● Climate-resilient and architecture
adaptable buildings. ● Outdoor terraces
● Locally rooted ● Provision of a
design and sky garden
construction equipped with
solutions. nature-based
solutions.

TECHNOLOGICAL Smart building ● Application of ● Interactive

ADOPTION technology sensors and software window
that automate displays and
processes to control immersive
building operations screens
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

as well as interactive
technologies.

SAFETY AND Safe design ● Structural Integrity ● Enhanced

SECURITY ● Provision of entrances
emergency ● More open
evacuations plans, spaces and
fire safety, and alarm walkways
systems. ● Fire detection
and extinction
and alarm
systems
● CCTV and
thermal cameras
with video
analysis

USER SATISFACTION All-inclusive design ● Ensure a good ● Balance

quality service and architecture and
perfect atmosphere landscape
for user’s
comfortability and
convenience.
Table 1. Summary of Design Considerations, Principles, Strategies, and Features

L. CODE SURVEY
Revised
National Fire Code
Accessibility Plumbing Green International
Description Building of the
Law Code of the Building Code Building Code
Code (NBC) Philippines
Philippines
Allowable Section 705. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Floor Area Allowable
Floor Areas.
Corner-
Through Lot:
Commercial
GROUPS B,
C, E, H, I –
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

BHL x 90% of
TLA
Artificial Section 811. Section N/A N/A Chapter II, N/A
Ventilation Rooms or 10.2.7.2: Section
spaces housing Where 10.10.4.
industrial or ducting A: Insulation
heating of air can help
equipment conditioning reduce heat
shall be and gain in a
provided with ventilating building thus
artificial means systems improving
of ventilation pass thermal
to prevent through comfort,
excessive from one acoustic
accumulation room to quality and
of hot and/or another reducing the
polluted air. room or load on the air
from one conditioning
fire barrier system.
to another
fire barriers
shall be
provided
with
automatic
fire
dampers.
Air Space SECTION N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
807. Air Space
Requirements
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BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

in Determining
the Size of
Rooms.
Habitable
rooms – 14.00
cubic meters of
air space per
person.
Aisles Section 1207. Section N/A N/A N/A N/A
Every portion 10.4.15.3.
of every C: 9.
building in Adequate
which are aisles shall
installed seats, be
tables, maintained
merchandise, for the
equipment, or unobstructe
similar d movement
materials shall of personnel
be provided and fire
with aisles protection
leading to an equipment.
exit.
Aisle Width Section 1207. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Every aisle
shall be not
less than 800
millimeters
wide if serving
only one side,
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

and not less

than 1.00-
meter wide if
serving both
sides. Such
minimum
width shall be
measured at
the point
farthest from
an exit, cross
aisle, or foyer
and shall be
increased by
30 millimeters
for every meter
in length
towards the
exit, cross aisle
or foyer.
Building N/A N/A N/A N/A Section 10. N/A
Envelope Energy
Efficiency.
10.3
BUILDING
ENVELOPE
COLOR: a.
General Light-
colored
building
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

envelopes,
especially the
roof areas
which are the
most
vulnerable, can
reduce heat
transfer from
the outside to
the inside of
the building by
having
surfaces with
high Solar
Reflectance
Index (SRI).
Building Section 804. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Setbacks Table VIII.3.
Setbacks for
Commercial*,
Industrial,
Institutional
and
Recreational
Buildings:
30.00 & above
– 8.00 (Front)
meters, 5.00
(Side) meters,
5.00 (Rear)
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

meters
(minimum)
Ceiling Section 805. Section Appendix A – N/A N/A Section 1003.2
Height/Head Habitable 10.2.5.2: A Section 3: - The means of
room rooms The 3.10.: egress shall
provided with minimum Walkway have a ceiling
artificial headroom headroom height of not
ventilation shall not be should not be less than 7 feet
shall have less than less than 2.0 m 6 inches (2286
ceiling heights two meters and preferably mm) above the
not less than (2 m) nor higher. finished floor.
2.40 meters any
measured from projection
the floor to the from the
ceiling; ceiling be
provided that less than
for buildings two meters
of more than (2 m) from
one (1) storey, the floor.
the minimum
ceiling height
of the first
storey shall be
2.70 meters
and that for the
second story
2.40 meters
and the
succeeding
stories shall
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

have an
unobstructed
typical head-
room clearance
of not less than
2.10 meters
above the
finished floor.
Above- stated
rooms with
natural
ventilation
shall have
ceiling heights
of not less than
2.70 meters.
Corridors/ Section 1207. Section Rule III N/A N/A Section 407.3:
Hallways Every corridor 10.2.5.2 H: Section 9: 9.3: Corridor wall
or exit balcony 3. Corridors Width of construction
shall not be shall be corridors and shall be
less than 1.10 provided circulation smoke-proof.
meters in without system
width passing integrating
through any both and
Section 1207. intervening vertical access
Where corridor rooms other to
wall are than ingress/egress
required to be corridors, level of the
one-hour fire- lobbies, and building shall
resistive other spaces be provided.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

construction, permitted to
every interior be open to Appendix A-C
door opening the corridor. Section 7:
shall be 7.1. Corridors
protected as set Section shall have
forth in 10.2.8.2 The minimum clear
generally width of any width of 1.20
recognized and exit access m.; waiting
accepted corridor areas and other
requirements serving facilities or
for dual- 50 or more spaces shall
purpose fire persons not obstruct
exit doors. shall not be the minimum
less than clearance
one hundred requirement
twelve 7.4. As in
centimeters walkways,
(112 cm). corridors
should be
maintained
level and
provided with
a slip resistant
Surface.
Determining SECTION N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Building 709. Table
Bulk VII.G.1.
Reference
Table of Floor
to Lot Area
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Ratio (FLAR)
Designations/
Rights.
Commercial 2
(Com-2). 3.60
up to 9.00 (at a
15-storey or
45.00 m BHL)
Elevators/ Section 1302. Section Appendix A-C N/A Chapter II, N/A
Escalators Elevators shall 10.2.5.2 Section 10: Section 10,
be installed in G.5. 10.1. 10.6., 10.6.5.:
all private and Elevator Accessible A. General
public lobbies shall elevators Escalators /
buildings for have access should be Moving Ramp
public use to at least located not / Walkway
accessible to one exit. more than must be fitted
disabled Such exit 30.00 m. from with controls
Persons. access shall the entrance to
not require and should be automatically
Section 1302. the use of a easy to locate reduce speed
Elevators shall key, a tool, with the aid of or stop when
be provided special signs; no traffic is
with Fall-Free knowledge, 10.2. detected.
Safety Device, or special Accessible Elevators must
over-load effort. elevators shall be fitted with
switch and have a mechanisms to
reverse Section minimum reduce energy
polarity relay. 10.2.6.2 dimension of demand.
Every 1.10 m. x
stairway, 1.40m
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

elevator 10.3. Control

shaft, light panels and
and emergency
ventilation system of
shaft, chute accessible
and other elevators shall
openings be within reach
between of a seated
storeys shall person;
be enclosed centerline
or protected heights for the
to prevent topmost
the spread buttons shall
of fire or be between
smoke, 0.90 m to 1.20
except m from the
openings of floor
buildings
protected by
automatic
fire
suppression
system.

Section
10.2.8.9
Elevators
shall not
constitute
required
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

means of
exit. When
places of
assembly
are more
than three
(3) storeys
above
ground level
and
equipped
with
automatic
elevators, at
least one
elevator
shall be
designed
and
equipped
for fire
emergency
use.
Entrance N/A Section Rule III N/A N/A N/A
10.2.5.3: Section 9: 4.4
Every door Doors and
and every entrances
principal provided
entrance herein used as
which are entry points at
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

required to entrance
serve as an lobbies as local
exit shall be points of
designed congregation
and shall be
constructed designed to
so that the open easily or
way of exit accessible
travel is from floor to
obvious and floor or to any
direct. point of
destination.

Appendix A-C
Section 1:
Entrances
should be
accessible
from arrival
and departure
points to the
interior lobby.

Appendix A
C.1.2 One (1)
entrance level
should be
provided
where
elevators are
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

accessible
1.4 Entrances
with vestibules
shall be
provided a
level area with
at least a 1.80
m. depth and a
1.50 m. width
Exit Section 1207. Section RULE I - N/A N/A N/A
Number of 10.2.5.2. 4.1.1:
Exits. Every B. 2. No Ingress/egress
building or exit from the street
usable portion enclosure to the building
thereof shall shall be or structure
have at least used for any shall be made
one (1) exit. In purpose accessible.
all other than
occupancies, means of
floors above egress.
the first storey
having an Section
occupant load 10.2.5.2
of more than G. When
ten (10) shall the
not have less occupant
than two (2) load for any
exits. storey or
portion
Section 1207. thereof is
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

No point in a more than

building 500 but not
without a more than
sprinkler 1000, the
system shall be means of
more than egress shall
45.00 meters not be less
from an than 3.
exterior exit
door, a Section
horizontal exit, 10.2.5.2
exit H.4.C.
passageway, or When two
an enclosed (2) exits or
stairway, exit access
measured doors are
along the line required,
of travel. In a they shall be
building located at a
equipped with distance
a from one
complete another not
automatic fire less than
extinguishing one-half
system, the (1/2) of the
distance from length of the
exits may be maximum
increased to over-all
60.00 meters. diagonal
dimension
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

of the
building or
area to be
served,
measured in
a straight
line
between the
nearest edge
of the exit
doors or exit
access
doors,
unless
otherwise
provided in
para
(c) hereof.

Section
10.2.13.1
B.1. Exits
shall be
located not
more than
twenty-three
(23) meters
of travel
from any
point is
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

needed to
reach the
nearest exit.

Section
10.2.13.2.
D.1. C. Not
less than
two separate
exits shall
be
accessible
from every
part of
every
storey.
Exit Door Section 1207 Section Appendix A: N/A N/A Section
Leaf No leaf of an 10.2.5.3 C.3. 3.2. Clear 1005.7.1
exit door shall E.1. Door openings shall Doors, when
exceed 1.20 openings in be measured fully opened,
meters in means of between the shall not
width. egress shall surface of the reduce the
not be less fully open door required width
than at the hinge by more than 7
seventy-one and the door inches (178
centimeters jamb at the mm).
(71 cm) in stop.
clear width.
When a pair
of doors is
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

provided,
not less than
one of the
doors shall
provide at
least
seventy-one
centimeters
(71
cm) clear
width
opening.
Exit Door Section 1207 Section Appendix A: N/A N/A Section
Swing Exit door shall 10.2.5.3 C.3. 1010.1.2
swing in the B.2. Door 3.5 Protection Egress doors
direction of shall swing should be shall be of the
exit travel in the provided from pivoted or
when serving direction of doors that side-hinged
any egress swing into swinging type.
hazardous travel when corridors.
areas or when used in an
serving an exit
occupant load enclosure or
of 50 or more. where
serving a
high hazard
contents
area.
Exit Width Section 1207 Section Appendix A: N/A N/A Section
The total width 10.2.5.2 C.3. 3.1 All 1010.1.1 The
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

of exits in F. The doors shall required

meters shall width of any have a capacity of
not be less than means of minimum clear each door
the total egress shall width of opening shall
occupant load not be less 0.80 m. be sufficient
served divided than 915 for the
by one mm except occupant load
hundred sixty- when thereof and
five (165). specifically shall provide a
provided minimum clear
Section 1207 under opening width
Every required Division 8 of 32 inches
exit doorway to Division (813 mm)
shall be of a 17 of this
size as to chapter.
permit the
installation of
a door not less
than 900
millimeters in
width and not
less than 2.00
meters in
height
Floor Section 1205. Section Rule III 9.11: N/A N/A N/A
Surface Floors shall be 10.2.5.8: Floors
of such The floor provided for
materials and shall be every route of
construction as solid and the wheelchair
specified under without shall be made
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Rule V – Fire perforations of non-skid

Zones and . material.
Fire- Resistive
Standards and
under Rule IV
– Types of
Construction.
Fire- SECTION SECTION N/A N/A N/A N/A
Extinguish 1212. Fire- 10.2.10.3
System Extinguishing PROTECT
Systems. IO. F.
In every storey, Alarm,
basement or Detection
cellar with an and
area of 200 Extinguish
square meters ment
or more which Systems. 1.
is used for Every
habitation, building
recreation, shall have
dining, study, an
or work, and electrically
which has an supervised
occupant load automatic
of more than fire alarm
20. In all system
dressing capable of
rooms, being
rehearsal manually
rooms, operated in
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

workshops or accordance
factories, and with Section
other rooms 10.2.6.4 of
with an this IRR.
occupant load The fire
of more than alarm
10 or assembly system shall
halls under be installed
Group H and I with
occupancies provisions
with occupant for future
load of more connection
than 500, and to the
if the next nearest BFP
doors of said station in
rooms are the locality.
more than Internal
30.00 meters audible
from the alarm
nearest safe devices
fire dispersal shall be
area of the provided in
building or accordance
opening to an with Section
exit court or 10.2.6.4 of
street. In all this IRR.
rooms used for Pre-signal
storage or systems
handling of shall not be
photographic permitted in
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

x-ray healthcare
nitrocellulose occupancies
films and other .
inflammable
articles. 2. In no
case shall
smoke
detectors be
spaced
further apart
than nine
(9) meters
on centers
or more
than four
and six-
tenths
meters (4.60
m) from any
wall all
automatic
heat and/or
smoke
detection
systems
required by
this section
shall be
electrically
interconnect
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

ed to the
fire alarm
system.

3.
Approved,
supervised
sprinkler
systems
shall be
provided
throughout
all hospitals,
nursing
homes, and
residential-
custodial
care
facilities.
Replenishm
ent of water
supplies
shall be
strictly
considered
in the
design.
Quick-
response
sprinklers
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

shall be
required in
smoke
compartmen
ts
containing
patient
sleeping
rooms.

6. If the fire
suppression
system is an
automatic
sprinkler, its
piping
serving no
more than
six (6)
sprinklers
for any
isolated
hazardous
area, may
be
connected
directly to a
domestic
water
supply
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

system
having a
capacity
sufficient to
provide six
(6) liters per
minute per
square
meters of
floor area
throughout
the entire
enclosed
area. An
outside-
screw-and-
yoke shutoff
valve shall
be installed
in an
accessible
location
between the
sprinklers
and the
connection
to the
domestic
water
supply.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

7. Portable
fire
extinguisher
s shall be
provided in
all
institutional
occupancies
in
accordance
with Section
10.2.6.5 of
this IRR.
Gross Floor Section 709. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Area (GFA) Table VII. G.
to Total 2. Conversion
Gross Floor table of Gross
Area Floor Area
(GFA) to Total
Gross Floor
Area (TGFA).
Commercial 2.
Excluded Floor
Areas as a
Percentage of
TGFA 25%.
Multiplier to
convert the
GFA to TGFA,
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

1.33.
Landscapin N/A N/A N/A N/A Chapter II, Section 300.1:
g Section Suitable
14.14.2: The landscaping
inclusion of scheme shall
green areas or be provided to
landscaped ensure that
areas for outdoor spaces
indigenous or are pleasant.
adaptable
species of
grass, shrubs
and trees will
help in
providing more
permeable
surface for the
building
development’s
open space and
thus allow the
re-
charging of
natural ground
water
reservoir,
control storm
water surface
run-off, cool
the building
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

surroundings,
and provide
indoor to
outdoor
connectivity
for the
building
occupants
Loading/Unl Section 707. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
oading Area Rule VII:
Direct access
of parking /
loading / utility
slots and
terminals to
the RROW
shall be
generally
disallowed to
prevent the
usage of the
RROW as a
maneuvering
area.
Maximum Section 707. N/A N/A N/A N/A 504.3 Height
Height of Table VII.2. in feet. The
Building Building maximum
Height Limit height, in feet,
(BHL) by Type of a building
of Use or shall not
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Occupancy: exceed the

Character of limits specified
Use or in Table 504.
Occupancy – 3:
Commercial: ALLOWABLE
Commercial 2 BUILDING
(C-2); HEIGHT IN
Building FEET ABOVE
Height Limit GRADE
(BHL) PLANE.
Number of
allowable
storeys/floors
above
established
grade
6
Natural Rule VIII. N/A N/A N/A Section 10. N/A
Ventilation Light and Energy
Ventilation. Efficiency.
G. Design of 10.2 Natural
Public Ventilation.
Buildings/Str A. General.
uctures. 1. This measure
General: Use will give
of natural light building
and ventilation occupants the
by means of flexibility and
proper opportunity to
orientation, use natural
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

cross ventilation for

ventilation, free cooling
convection, and fresh air in
sun control regularly
devices and the occupied
like should be spaces. This
maximized. measure will
limit the
3. Site tendency to
Development. create glass
Location and sealed box
Orientation: type buildings.
Locate and Size of each
orient the room and
buildings to space shall be
maximize the consistent with
use of natural the occupancy
ventilation and load of the
lighting and NBC
minimize
energy C.
consumption Requirements
within the .
constraints of 2) All operable
the functional windows shall
requirements, be provided
the topography with safety
and site features for
configuration. protection
North-south against strong
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

exposure of winds, water

buildings has penetration and
the advantage protection for
of maximizing building
the cooling occupants
effect of including child
prevailing safety and
winds coming security.
from the
southeasterly
and
southwesterly
directions.
Such
exposures
minimize the
effect of
afternoon solar
heat at the
same time.

Occupancy Section 701. Division 3. Rule III. 1. N/A N/A N/A

Classifies Table VII.1. Classificati Classification
Schedule of on of of Building by
Principal, Occupancy. Use of
Accessory and 1. Occupancy.
Conditional Mercantile 4.3 Group E-2.
Use/Occupanc A. 4.4.2.
y of Mercantile Shopping
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Building/Struct occupancies centers and

ure: Group E – include supermarkets
Business and stores, and public
Mercantile markets, markets.
(Commercial): and other Barrier-free
Division E-2 – rooms, facilities and
Shopping buildings, or features
centers, malls structures required in A,
and for the B, C, D, E, F,
supermarkets display G, H, I, J, K,
and/or sale L, M, and N.
of
merchandise
.
B.
Mercantile
occupancies
include:
malls;
supermarket
s;
department
stores;
shopping
centers; flea
markets;
restaurants
of less than
50-person
capacity;
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

public/priva
te dry and
wet
markets;
water
refilling
stations;
drugstores;
hardware/co
nstruction
supplies;
showrooms;
and auction
rooms.
C. Minor
merchandisi
ng operation
in building
predominant
ly of other
occupancies
, such as
newsstand
in an office
building,
shall be
subject to
the exit
requirement
s of the
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

predominant
occupancy.
D. Office,
storage, and
service
facilities
incidental to
the sale of
merchandise
and located
in the same
building
should be
considered
part of the
mercantile
occupancy
classificatio
n.
Openings Section 808. Section N/A N/A Chapter II, Section 1103.2
Rooms 10.2.5.2 Section 10. - Exterior
intended for B.1.C. Any 10.2 Operable openings
any Opening in windows or required for
use, not the balcony doors light and
provided with separation shall be ventilation
artificial wall/ provided in shall be
ventilation construction regularly permitted.
system, shall shall be occupied
Section
be provided protected spaces. The
705.8.1. The
with a window by an size of the
max area of
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

or windows approved opening shall unprotected

with a total self-closing be equal to at and protected
free area of fire least ten openings
openings equal resistive percent (10%) permitted in an
to at least 10% door. of the floor exterior wall in
of the floor area of any story of a
area of the regularly building shall
room, occupied not exceed the
provided that spaces. percentages
such opening specified in
shall be not Chapter table 705.8.
less than 1.00 10.6.1 -
sq. meter Maximize the
use of natural
light.

Section 10.6
10.6.1. a
Building
should be
planned and
designed to
maximize the
use of natural
light so to
reduce the use
of artificial
illumination.
Parking Section 707. Section Rule 1-Section N/A N/A Section
Area/Slot The size of an 10.2.16.3: 4.1.1. D. 406.2.4: Area
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

average B.1. Every Accessible of the floor

automobile floor of slots used for the
(car) parking every in parking parking of
slot must be parking areas shall be automobiles or
computed at structure located other vehicles
2.50 meters by shall have as near as shall be sloped
5.00 meters for access to at possible to towards a
perpendicular least two (2) ingress/egress drain.
or diagonal separate spaces of the
parking and at exits. building or
2.15 meters by structure.
6.00 meters for
parallel Rule III
parking. Section 9: 9.8
Parking areas
Section 707. shall be
Table VII.4. provided with
Minimum sufficient
Required Off- space for the
Street (Off- disabled
RROW) cum persons to
On-Site allow easy
Parking Slot, transfer from
Parking Area carpark to
and ingress/egress
Loading/Unloa levels.
ding
Space Appendix A.1:
Requirements 1.4. Accessible
by parking slots
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Allowed Use should have a

or Occupancy: minimum
GROUP E – width
Division E-2: of 3.70 m.
Neighborhood 1.8. Parking
shopping spaces for the
center/superma disabled
rket: One (1) should
car slot for never be
every 100.00 located at
sq. meters of ramped or
shopping floor sloping areas
area.
Restaurants,
fast-food
centers, bars,
and
beerhouses:
One (1) car
slot for every
30.00 sq.
meters of
customer area.

Percentage Section 803.

of Site Table VIII.1.
Occupancy Reference
Table of
Maximum
Allowable
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

PSO,
Maximum
Allowable
ISA, the
MACA, the
Minimum USA
and the TOSL
by Type of
Land Use
Zoning per
Lot.
Commercial
Commercial 2
(Com-2).
Maximum
Allowable
PSO 75e
Public N/A N/A Appendix A. N/A N/A N/A
Telephones Public
Telephones
should be a
clear space of
1.50 meters by
1.50 meters in
front of wall-
mounted and
free-standing
units and
telephones
mounted at the
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

rear wall of
alcoves or
recesses.
Plumbing N/A N/A Appendix A. Table 4-1 N/A N/A
Fixtures Accessible Minimum
water closet Plumbing
stalls shall Facilities.
have a Assembly
minimum area Places for
of 1.70 meters public use
by 1.80 meters, requires a
and have Water Closet
turning space for male
of 2.25 sq. (fixtures per
meters with a person) 1: 1-
minimum 100, 2:101-
dimension of 200, 3:201-
1.50 meters. 400, for over
The minimum 400, add 1
number of fixture for
accessible each
water closets additional
on each floor 500 males.
level shall be For Urinals
one (1) where (fixtures per
the total of person) 1: 1-
water closet 100, 2:101-
per sex is 20; 200, 3:201-
and two (2) 400, 4:401-
where the 600, for over
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

number of 600, add 1

water closet fixture for
exceed in 20. each
additional
500 males.
In Lavatories
(fixtures per
person) 1: 1-
200, 2:201-
400, 3:401-
750, for over
750, add 1
fixture for
each
additional
500 persons.
On the other
hand, for a
Water Closet
for females
(fixtures per
person) 3: 1-
50, 4:51-100,
8: 101-200,
11:201-400,
for over 400
add 2
fixtures for
each 300
females. For
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Lavatories, it
was the same
from the
male.
Ramp Section 1207. Section Rule III N/A N/A Section 1012.8
Handrail A ramp with a 10.2.5.4: Section 9: 9.10 Ramps with a
slope H.1. Means Handrails shall rise greater
exceeding 1 in of be provided at than 6 inches
10 shall egress such both sides of (152 mm) shall
have handrails. as ramps. have handrails
ramps shall on both sides.
have Appendix A.4:
handrails on 4.2 Handrails
both shall be
sides. installed at
0.90
m and 0.70 m
above steps or
ramps.
Handrails for
protection at
great heights
may be
installed at 1.0
m to 1.06 m.
4.5 Handrails
attached to
walls should
have a
clearance no
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

less than 50
mm from the
wall. Handrails
on ledges
should have a
clearance not
less than 40
mm.
Ramp N/A Section Rule III N/A N/A Section
Landing 10.2.5.7 Section 9: 9.7 1012.6.3 The
D.1. A ramp Ramps shall be landing length
and provided as shall be 60
The means of inches (1525
platforms access mm)
and to level of minimum.
landings change going
associated to
therewith entry points
shall and
be designed entrances,
for not less lobbies
than four influenced by
hundred condition of
eighty-eight location or use.
kilos per
square Appendix A.2:
meter 2.4. The length
(488 kg/m2) of a ramp
live load should not
and shall exceed 6:00 m.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

have a if the gradient

nonslip is 1:12; longer
surface. ramps whose
gradient is
1:12
shall be
provided with
landings not
less than 1.50
m
Ramp Slope Section 1207. Section Appendix A.2: N/A N/A N/A
The slope of a 10.2.5.7 2.3. The
ramp shall D.2. The maximum
not exceed 1 in slope of a gradient shall
8. Ramps ramp shall be 1:12.
shall be not vary 2.8. Any ramp
roughened or between with a rise
shall landings. greater than
be approved Landings 0.20 m. and
nonslip shall leads down
material. be level and towards an
changes in area where
direction of vehicular
travel traffic is
if any shall possible,
be made should
only at have a railing
landings. across the full
width of its
lower end, not
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

less than 1.80

meters from
the foot of the
ramp.
Ramp N/A N/A Appendix A.2: N/A N/A Section
Width 2.2. Ramps 1012.5.1 The
shall have a minimum
minimum clear width and
width of 1.20 required
m. capacity of a
means of
egress ramp
shall be not
less than that
required for
corridors by
Section
1020.2. The
clear width of
a ramp
between
handrails, if
provided, or
other
permissible
projections
shall be 3 6
inches (914
mm)
minimum.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Roofing Section 1206. N/A N/A N/A Chapter II, Section

Roof covering Section 10: 504.3:
for all 10.3 Light- Roof structures
buildings shall colored shall be
be either fire- building constructed of
retardant or envelope, materials
ordinary especially the consistent with
depending roof areas the required
upon the fire- which are the type of
resistive most construction of
requirements vulnerable, can the building.
of the reduce heat Section
particular type transfer from 3106.3: Every
of the outside to roof shall be
construction. the inside of sloped to
The use of the building by downspouts
combustible having that shall
roof insulation surfaces with conduct any
shall be high Solar drainage.
permitted in all Reflectance
types of Index (SRI).
construction
provided it is
covered with
approved roof
covering
applied
directly
thereto.
Seating Section 1207. N/A Rule III N/A N/A N/A
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

With standard Section 7:

seating, the 7.1.1.
spacing of a. Seating for
rows of seats the disabled
from back-to- shall be
back shall be accessible
not less than from the main
840 lobby to
millimeters. primary
With entrances,
continental together with
seating, the related toilet
spacing of facilities.
rows of c. When the
unoccupied seating
seats shall capacity
provide a clear exceeds 500
width and additional
measured wheelchair
horizontally, as seating space
follows: 450 shall be
millimeters provided for
clear for rows each total
of eighteen seating
(18) seats or capacity
less. increase of 100
seats.

Rule IV
Section 6: 6.1
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Regular buses
shall have at
least five (5)
designated
seats for
disabled
persons near
exit/entrance
doors.

Rule IV
Section 7: The
designated
seats shall be
identified by
the
International
Symbol of
Access.
Seat Width Section 1207. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
The width of
any seat shall
be not less than
450
millimeters.
Sidewalk Guidelines on N/A N/A N/A N/A Section
Easements, 12.04.030
View Width. All
Corridors/Sig sidewalks
ht lines, constructed
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Streets/Road within the city

Right- of-Way shall not
(RROW), normally be
Sidewalks, less than six
Arcades, feet in width.
Basements, Sidewalks on
Lots, and local streets
Public where the
Buildings/Str sidewalk is
uctures: separated from
2. The the street by a
minimum planting strip
width of the at least three
sidewalk for a feet in width
RROW width shall not be
of 9.00 meters less than five
or more shall feet in width.
be 1.20 meters
on each side of
the RROW or
a total of 2.40
meters on both
sides of the
RROW.
4. Sidewalks
shall be of
uniform width
throughout the
entire length of
the street. The
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

sidewalk width
grade and
finish of the
dominant
use/occupancy
along the
RROW shall
be generally
observed.

Table
VIII.G.4.
Range of
Required
Sidewalk and
Planting Strip
Widths (Total
at both sides of
RROW) by
RROW Width
Road Range of
Right- Of- Required
Way Sidewalk
(RROW) Widths (Total
Width at both
sides of
RROW)
30.00 From 1/6 up
meters to 1/4 of
& above RROW
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Width
10.00 - From 1/4 up
19.00 to 1/3 of
meters RROW
Width
9. Sidewalks of
2.00 meters or
more in width
shall include
on its outer
side a planting
strip of not less
than 800
millimeters in
width up to a
maximum of
1/3 of the
allowed
sidewalk
width,
separating the
curb
from the
sidewalk
pavement.
Smoke- Section 1207. Section N/A N/A Section 1207. N/A
proof A smokeproof 10.2.5. A smokeproof
Enclosure enclosure shall I.3. A enclosure shall
consist of a Smokeproof consist of a
vestibule and a enclosure vestibule
continuous shall be
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

stairway enclosed
enclosed from from
the highest the highest
point to the point
lowest point by to the
walls of two- lowest point
hour fire- by barriers
resistive having 2-
construction. hour fire
In resistance
buildings five ratings.
(5) storeys or Where a
more in height, vestibule is
one of the used,
required exits it shall be
shall be a within
smokeproof the 2-hour-
enclosure. rated
enclosure
Section 1207. and
a. Stairs in shall be
smokeproof considered
enclosures part of
shall be of the
incombustible smokeproof
construction. enclosure.
b. There shall
be no Section
openings in 10.2.5.4
smokeproof I.5. Every
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

enclosures, smokeproof
except exit enclosure
doorways and shall
openings in discharge
exterior walls. into a
c. The opening public way,
from the into a yard
building to the or court
vestibule or having
balcony shall direct
be protected access to a
with a self- public way,
closing fire or into an
assembly exit
having one- passageway.
hour Such
fire-resistive exit
rating. passageway
d. A s
smokeproof shall be
enclosure shall without
exit into a openings,
public way or other than
into an exit the
passageway entrance to
leading to a the
public way. smokeproof
enclosure
and
the door to
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

the
outside
yard, court
or public
way. The
exit
passageway
shall
be separated
from the
remainder
of the
building by
a 2-hour fire
resistance
rating.
Stair Section 1207. Section Appendix A.4: N/A N/A Section
Handrail Stairways shall 10.2.5.4. 4.4 Handrails 1011.11 Flights
have H.2. that require stairways shall
handrails on Required full have handrails
each side and guards and grip should on each side
every stairway handrails have a and shall
required to shall dimension of comply with
be more than continue for 30 mm to 50 Section 101 4.
3.00 meters in the full mm
width shall be length of
provided with each flight
not less than of stairs.
one
intermediate Section
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

handrail for 10.2.5.4

each 3.00 Handrails
meters of on
required width. stairs shall
Handrails shall not be less
be placed not than 76 cm
less than 800 nor more
millimeters nor than 86.5
more than 900 cm above
millimeters the upper
above the surface of
nosing of tread,
treads. measured
vertically to
the top of
the rail.

Section
10.2.5.4.
Handrails
shall be of
such design
and so
supported as
to withstand
a load of not
less than
ninety-one
kilos (91
kg)
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

applied to
any point,
downward
or
horizontally.

Section
10.2.5.4.
Handrails
shall be so
designed as
to permit
continuous
sliding of
hands on
them.

Section
10.2.5.10.
7. B. All fire
escape shall
have
handrails on
both sides,
not less than
seventy- six
centimeters
(76 cm) not
more than
one
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

hundred
seven
centimeters
(107 cm)
high,
measured
vertically
from a point
on the stair
tread
twenty-five
millimeters
(25mm)
back from
the leading
edge.
Stair Section 1207. Section N/A N/A N/A Section
Headroom Every required 10.2.5.4 1011.3
stairway shall B. Table 2: Stairways shall
have a The have a
headroom minimum headroom
clearance of headroom in clearance of
not less than a stairway not less than
2.00 meters. shall exceed 80 inches
2000 mm (2032 mm)
and the measured
maximum vertically from
height a line
between connecting the
landing edge of the
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

shall be nosings.
3660 mm.

Stair Section 1207. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Landing Every landing
shall have a
dimension
measured in
the direction of
travel equal to
the width of
the stairway.
Such
dimension
need not
exceed 1.20
meters when
the stairs has a
straight run.
Landings when
provided shall
not be reduced
in width by
more than 100
millimeters by
a door when
fully open.
Stair Rise Section 1207. Section N/A N/A N/A N/A
The rise of 10.2.5.4
every step in a B. Table 2:
stairway shall The rise of
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

not exceed 200 every step

millimeters in a
and the run stairway
shall not be shall exceed
less than 250 180 mm and
millimeters. the run shall
not be less
than
280 mm.
Stair Tread N/A Section Appendix A – N/A N/A N/A
10.2.5.4 A Section 9:
5. Where 9.1. Tread
material of surfaces should
stair treads be a slip-
and resistant
landings is material;
such as to nosings may
involve be provided
danger of with slip-
slipping, resistant
non- slip strips to further
material minimize
shall be slipping.
provided on
tread
surface.
Stair Width Section 1207. Section N/A N/A N/A Section
Stairways 10.2.5.4 1009.3.2
serving an B.2. Table Stairways shall
occupant load 4. Stairways have a clear
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

of more than serving an width of 48

fifty (50) shall occupant inches (1219
not be less than load mm) minimum
1.10 meters. of less than between
2000 handrails.
persons
shall not be
less than
1120 mm in
width.
Public Guidelines on N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Building/Str Easements,
uctures View
Corridors/Sig
ht lines,
Streets/Road
Right- of-Way
(RROW),
Sidewalks,
Arcades,
Basements,
Lots, and
Public
Buildings/Str
uctures:
a. Location
and
Orientation
- Locate and
orient the
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

buildings to
maximize the
use of natural
ventilation and
lighting and
minimize
energy
consumption
within the
constraints of
the functional
requirements,
the topography
and site
configuration.
North-south
exposure of
buildings has
the advantage
of maximizing
the cooling
effect of
prevailing
winds coming
from the
southeasterly
and
southwesterly
directions.
Such
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

exposures
minimize the
effect of
afternoon solar
heat at the
same time.
d. Vehicular
and Pedestrian
Access and
Circulation -
Access and
circulation
patterns to and
within the site
must be
studied in the
process of site
planning. Easy
and direct
access and
smooth
circulation
should be
provided for
vehicles and
pedestrians
including for
disabled
persons.
Walkway Section 1105. N/A Rule III. 9.9.2 N/A N/A N/A
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Such walkway Walkways

shall be shall be
capable of provided with
supporting a adequate
uniform live passageway in
load of 650.00 accordance
kilogram per with
sq. meters. the provision.
Appendix A –
A Section 3:
3.1 Walkways
should be kept
as level as
possible and
provided with
slip-resistant
material.
Whenever and
wherever
possible,
walkways
should have a
gradient no
more than 1:20
or 5%
Walkways
should have a
maximum
cross gradient
of 1:100.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Walkways
should have a
minimum
width of 1.20
meters.
3.10. Walkway
headroom
should not be
less than 2.0 m
and preferably
higher.
Table 2. Code Survey
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

M. SITE ANALYSIS

LOCATION
The City of Malolos is the capital of Bulacan province and its coastal city. It is
situated in the southwestern part of Bulacan, bounded by municipalities of Plaridel in the
north, Guiguinto on east, Paombong on west, Calumpit on northwest, and Manila Bay on
south in the Central Luzon region, in Luzon island of the Philippines. It is at
approximately 14° 50' North, 120° 49' East, in the island of Luzon and is located 45
kilometers/ 28 miles north of Manila. It constitutes 2.42% of Bulacan’s total area with a
land area of 67.25 square kilometers or 25.97 square miles.

https://www.bulacan.gov.ph/map/politicalsubdivision.php
GEOGRAPHY
Malolos City is part of Central Luzon where a combination of towering
mountains, extinct and active volcanoes, rich, verdant farmlands, and natural sea harbors
are found. It is the longest contiguous area of lowlands, and is otherwise known as the
Central Plains of Luzon. The region produces one third of the country’s total rice
production, thus is called the Rice Granary of the Philippines. It is one of the leading
growth regions in the Philippines, strategically located at the heart of Asia. Malolos City
is one of the major trading center of the region comprising of 51 barangays and a
population of 261,189 in the latest census figures in 2020 that denotes a positive growth
rate of 0.75%, or an increase of 9,115 people, from the previous population of 252,074 in
2015.
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

TOPOGRAPHY
The City is mostly a lowland area and a cropland with a network of varied sized
rivers and natural waterways traversing through the town down to south and is connected
to Manila bay. It is relatively flat of about 0.81% to a gently sloping of 2.17% with the
slope of the land descends towards west, southwest to southern direction. It is estimated
that its center’s elevation is above the mean sea level at 6.1 meters or 19.9 feet. Though
the highest land maximum elevation is at about 105 meters and the lowest is only -4.
With an average of 9 meters of elevation.

https://en-ph.topographic-map.com/maps/7uja/Malolos/
CLIMATE
The climate in Malolos City is tropical and oppressive all year round with the
temperature typically varies from 73°F to 94°F and is rarely below 70°F or above 97°F.
The hot season lasts from April 1 to May 18, with an average daily high temperature
above 93°F. While the cool season lasts from November 17 to February 8, with an
average daily high temperature below 88°F.
Rain falls throughout the year in Malolos. The month with the most rain in
Malolos is August, with an average rainfall of 17.3 inches and with the least rain in
March, with an average rainfall of 0.8 inches. The wetter season lasts from May 20 to
October 26, with a greater than 42% chance of a given day being a wet day. While the
drier season lasts 6.8 months, from October 26 to May 20. The month with the fewest wet
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

days in Malolos is March, with an average of 3.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of
precipitation.
The windier part of the year lasts for 5.0 months, from November 3 to April 1,
with average wind speeds of more than 8.0 miles per hour. The windiest month of the
year in Malolos is December, with an average hourly wind speed of 9.8 miles per hour.
The calmer time of year lasts for 7.0 months, from April 1 to November 3. The calmest
month of the year in Malolos is May, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.3 miles per
hour.

https://weatherspark.com/y/134593/Average-Weather-in-Malolos-Philippines-Year-Round
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

N. ACTIVITY FLOW DIAGRAM

Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

O. SPACE PROGRAMMING
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Q. MATRIX DIAGRAM
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

R. BUBBLE DIAGRAM
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

S. FUNCTIONAL GROUP AND ZONING

COMMERCIAL CENTER
As to Privacy
Public Private Semi-Private

Lobby Administration Office Security Guards Area

Telephone booths Dishwashing Area ATM Center

Dining Hall Locker Room Garbage Bins/Stations

Waiting (Public Seating) Mechanical Room

Food Stalls Electrical Room

Fire Exit Janitorial Services

Cart Station Storage Area

Drinking Station Generator Room (Gen Set Room)

Centralized Air-conditioning Plant &

Fire Fighting System
Air Handling Unit Room (AHU)

Public Toilet (Male,

Transformer Room
Female, PWD)

Department Store Water Tank & Water Pumps

Parking Area Maintenance Room

Rentable Areas Delivery Area/Unloading Docks

Billiard Hall Office

Bowling Alley Control area

Cinema

Grocery

Outdoor Shops and

Restaurants
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Loading and
Unloading Area

As to Sound Factors
Noisy Quiet Neutral

Loading and Unloading Area Administration Office Dishwashing Area

Lobby Telephone booths Fire Exit

Dining Hall Water Tank & Water Pumps ATM Center

Delivery
Waiting area Mechanical Room
Area/Unloading Docks

Food Stalls Electrical Room Locker Room

Delivery Area Janitorial Services

Rentable Areas Storage Area

Snack bars and vending

Garbage Bins/Stations
machines

Public Toilet (Male, Female,

Generator Room (Gen Set Room
PWD)

Centralized Air-conditioning Plant

Drinking Station &
Air Handling Unit Room (AHU)

Security Guards Area Transformer Room

Parking Area Maintenance Room

Department Store Office

Billiard Hall

Bowling Alley

Cinema

Grocery
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

Outdoor Shops and

Restaurants

T. SCHEMATICS
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan
Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
City of Malolos, Bulacan

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Pena, A. 2018, Philippine Likelihood to go Shopping. Retrieve at:

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1249749/philippines-likelihood-to-go-to-shopping-mall/

Pena, A. 2018, Mall Culture. Retrieve at: https://www.tni.org/files/publication-

downloads/stateofpower2017-mall-culture.pdf

De Jesus, A. 2011, “Green Architrends: Tropical Architecture”, Philippine Daily Inquirer.

Available from http://business.inquirer.net/19613/tropical-architecture

Lumadi 2019, Tropical Architecture Design In the Philippines. Retrieved at:

https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/tropical-architecture-and-design-the-anatomy-of-a-modern-
filipino-home/

Snake Plant: Everything You Need To Know . Mar 17, 2018.

https://www.rollingnature.com/blogs/news/snake-plant-everything-you-need-to-know

Shade and thermal comfort. (n.d.). Maricopa Association of Governments.

https://azmag.gov/Programs/Transportation/Active-Transportation/Active-Transportation-
Plan/Active-Transportation-Toolbox/Pedestrian-Infrastructure/Shade-and-Thermal-Comfort