INTRODUCTION The short stories of this anthology have been siected to wih a oh reading experience *. AS a literary fiom, the shan sis Glude strict definition (See definitions of the Short Story in A) Seems to eee (all types of the narrative forms. ‘PRendix 1.) ut critics are inclined, nowadays, to categorize se ‘applied and in terms of fictional mean "a sernes ofthe that each narrative from has its own developmental metho semper of developing or giving shape to its fictional material Juditn ere who suggests these refinements, also likes to define these finctional are terms of the narrative task accomplished. Categories in In general terms, this means that the novel's selectivity dif short story's because the novel's narrative task is elaboration, whereas ny = story's is limitation. And the novella's techniques of selection differ f a other two genres of fiction because its narrative purpose is compress ibowits, Narrative Purpose in the Novella, The Hague, 1974). eee i Robert Creeley seems to say the same thing in The Gold Diggers (1953): | Whereas the novel is a continuum, of necessity, chapter to chapter, the | ory can escape some of that obligation, and function exactly in terms of whatever comtion best can serve it. ‘The short Story, a very subtle and demanding literary form, is, thus, now being recognized a distinctinve literary genre. In The Short Story (The Critical Idiom Series, London, 1977) Ian Reid suggests that essays on the short story currently appearing “repeat ... the view that it is a distictive genre whose uniqueness lies in three related qualities: it makes a single impression on the reader, it soes so by concentrating on a crisis, and it makes that crisis pivotal in acontrotled plot (Reid, p. 54). One may recognize, in this narrative form, a persistent clement of seriousness, In his introduction to his anthology of Twenty nine Stories (1960), William Peden explanis this serious aspect of the short story as being related to the form itself: OSs needle aa 4 Br acid ct second your vane t Higtan Dopo .that its effec ry brovily of the shor poet and conrad ick, ‘The ve " ow ¥ sphere isn't time 10 explore by ce For this purely pects, ks et eos directly 10 the d nave oll of tone, If it is true that any signin Mt t story ¢ 3, how' story © : i i then any story that the short Story life is ly serious, which Mee comment on Hi jqus: although it may use hy Makey insight, or at must DE tially serious: fous end. Bye the such a commen hese are but means LO A Ser us end. Even hy em irony, th (Fidicute of folly), oF ain and Frank O'Connor, when they wrote short stor writers such as at hy things 10 say (Peden, P. ix). MOtigg that attained stature, aR tha - the short story may explain the interest of This serious papa form in the grotesque and the macabre, od authors eau indow”, which appears in this collection, suggest through Saki in” ny the horrors of a grotesque situation. Emest Hemingway's comicitony ‘vith death has precisely that disengaging value. Bullfightng ig his stories serves to intensify death that grim aspect. That is because bullfighting is a sport which ends in the death of the opponent or opponents. In "The Indian Camp"; Hemingway suggests the macabre, the suicide of the male Indian. ‘Temporally speaking, the short story is a piece of prose that is designed to be''read ... ina single sitting,” hence its condensed nature. An imporant narrative concem, here, is the individual's “Progression” which may be physical, psycohological or otherwise. In Crane's "The Open Boat’, for example, we have an cmotional act, in Joyce's ‘Araby’, an intellectual one: The point is that in getting from ‘here’ to ‘there’ something happens to the ee ie oe to-him asia human being, and hence for the reader as wellclt is this core ing ... that it it sam i isk massing gives the short story its quality of On thematic and technical levels, a remakable characteristic of the short See ata Vast. Differences inthe author's intentions and narrative trends a, ae responsible for this range of variety which accounts for the appeal of ns Lact as aliterary foon. Apart from thematic and technical refinements ’ mae lis collection range. from. simplified to original ones. This » ends with what may be termed as the short novel: Conrad's “The Secret Sharer”, being an illustrative example, ~~ Technical; speaking, *controlled' " the short story is demanding in the sense of being y Mistakes, extravagace (Peden, p. xi). » RO room for discursiveness irrelevane of This controlled aspect reader inthe sese of his having om, AY BE a Source of dificult fr HE limited space of a highly selective page, a ®2 Complex issues within Woe-tuacsne; At an early stage of study, the compilers advocate the use of the literary pieces in this anthology as a platform for teaching the language, English language, in this caseTeachera who want to develop the student's linguistic skills through these pieces may use the type of Comprehension Qestions provided. Where such type is missing, the teacher may construct his own questions on the relevant piece. Later, the teacher cam make a gradual move toa more ambitious stage of study, a stage where the teacher's chief concern is to motivate the students and to create an atmosphere of critical inquiry in the classroom. The ultimate aim is, of course, literary apprecitation. If necessary, the teacher has to devise his own method of eliciting a critical reading. Everything depends on the teacher's guidance and skill. But the student is also assumed to work hard on the relevant text. To be a good reader of short stories, the student must learn to read critically. To do so, he has to cultivate the habit of reflecting on things and of asking himself questions of exploratory nature, questions that relate to the plot and to the nature of the conflict round which the story revolves, The student may find it mecessary to ask himself questions that deal with the characters and their stature in the narrative piece. Some Questions could explore narrative time, the theme and the organizing idea governing the sory's structure. Some technical questions could touch on the sefting and the atmosphere of the story. Others could explore some technical narrative such as the point of view , the tone of the story and the irony working there. These literary terms have to be explained in the briefest and easiest possible manner. The teacher may suggest that the point of view is the vantage point from which the story is seen. Percy Lubbock in The Craft of Fiction (1921) holds it to be remarkably important: The whole intricate question of method, in the craft of fictionI take to be governed by the question of the point of view-the question of the relation in which the narrator stands to the story. ’ In Aspects of the Novel (Edward Amold, 1974) E.M. Forster's penertrating remark can hardly be missed. f ‘A. novelist can shift his point of view if it comes off, and it came off with Dickens and Tolstoy. Indeed this power to expand and conmtract perception .». the right to intermittent knowledge ... I find it one of the great advantages of the novel form. (P. 56). If there is an interest in the point of view of the relevant story, the teacher can simplify the issue by suggesting, for example, that in "The Open Boat", Crane's is a ‘realisic’ point of view whereas Saki's in "The Open window" in an ironic one. So is Poe's in "The Black Cat". We are here more concemed with a limited point of view. Jonathan Raban in “The Technique of Modern Fiction (Edward Amold, 1968) suggests that recent fiction has been dominated by the theory of “the limited point of view’: eeehas one overwhelming common theme, it jg if Series ae individual sensibility and the alien werd out sh a subject only one point of view is possible ---~- thar of the sine a . and usually suffering, hereo (p. 35). . details may help the student to define the point hie a nnd piece, The teacher may suggest that the point of ven ints th the mode of narration, The author's basic choice ig tink eon’ narration and ‘third-person’ narration, Mansfiel's"The Daoginany os a Colonel” occurs in “third-person’ narration, Maugham's "The! Li . in ‘first-person’ narration. The latter is, of course, a more limited mee Tt may be important to point out here that “intrusive authors i.e, authors who sometimes intervene to make direct comments on their work may ‘only cccur with "third-person narration. It is equally important to suggest that it is pe dangerous to assume that the invented first-person narrator, Maugham’s for ‘example, voices the opinion of the author. ‘Tone’ may be briefly explained as being connnected with the writer's intention, ‘As a concept (tone) refers to the aspect of an author's manner of writing which indicates the kind of response which he wishes or intends the reader to have (Tom Gibbons, Literature and Awareness, Edward Amold, 1979, P. 70). The tone of an author may be described as ‘concerned’, ‘horrified’, ‘sarcastic’ ‘resigned’, ‘gleeful’, ‘carefully neutral’. Gibbons Suggests the endless number of adjectives which might be used to describe ‘tone’ in literature (Gibbons, p. 72). ‘Thus Faulkner's tone in “A Rose for Emily” might be described as ‘Foreboding, Lawrence's in *The Captain's Doll" as ‘earnest’, Conrad's in "The Secret Sharer” as ‘serious’, and so on. 7. ‘Irony’ may be briefly explained as meaning the opposite of what you say. Wayne C. Booth opens his book by suggesting that ‘every good reader must be, among other things, sensitives in detecting and reconstructing ironic meanings® -. But regardless of how broadly or narrowly he defines irony .... and the problems of definition is by no means a simple one__every reader leams that Some statements Cannot be understood without rejecting what they scem'to say’ ©.1) Booth, A Rheoric of Irony, Chicago & London, 1974). ~ Gieth Da pea or he may try avoid ironitis preliminary ¢ of studying literature, the teacher may draw his sedi uation wo the most obvious ironic ul inthe sary. Fo instance, a seateace like T hope Vera has been amusing you?" which occurs, in “The Open Window" is ironic in the sense that Vera, the narator, turns out to be a liar. Discussing the irony in the relevant story makes the reading experience interesting. This anthology is based on the assumption that there are wide thematic and technical differences in the stories structuring it, differences that, eventually, allow the teacher to select the story which nicely suits his pedagogical purpose. The excercises and critical pieces are intended to supplement, and not to substitute, the teacher's work. Moreover, these exercises and analyses are not, and cannot be, a substitute for the story itself. The student should be encouraged to read the story before reading about it. Well- known literary names may be seen in this anthology, names like Emest Hemingway, Joseph Conrad, James Joyce, H.G. Wells, F. Scott Fitzgerald, D.H. Lawrence, W. Somerest Maugham, Graham Green and others. The student would remember that most of these names are best known as novelists. In this anthology they show themselves as skilful short story writers. So, while dealing with their short stories, the teacher may find it convenient to tefer to their major works and narrative tendencies. Some other authors best known as short story writers, people like Poe, Saki, O'Henry, Mansfield, Crane €ct. also appear in this anthology. If it happens that there are two stories by the Same author, the teacher can select one example to illustrate the author's narrative direction. With the other stories of this collection, the teacher can be highly Selective. We suggest that he works out a plan that takes time into account. The academic year is not that long. Planning is, therefore, a necessity. The teacher Can also select the types of the questions and exercises that stimulate his This means that he has to skip other questions and exercises. The teacher is the sole authority who decides things. There are some brief notes on the life and work of the writers whose names appear in this collection of short stories. Sometimes, where the compilers deem it necessary 10 do 50, a glossary is provided. Those who are particularly interest in the short story as a unique literary from may find the reading list at the end this collection (Appendix 2) helpful.For the Teacher In teaching the stories of this collection, you may fing yj s practical and helpful : MS Mead ng 4. Choose the excercises you intend to do and discuss them ora Sie ila pec tapas ee ee So arSAKI (H. H. MUNRO) The Open Window Saki (Hector Hugh Munro) was bom in Burma and educated at Bedfi ford His childhood was not altogether; happy. It was during those yeas thor boone hauled by his father round half ™ ‘When he was old enough, be joined the Burma Mounted Police, but w: vl forced to resign through ill health. He retumed to England, become a joumalist. and weses sories under the pscudonym'’Saki'—- the name of the cup-bearer, ope Gate a in the First World War as a trooper in King Edward's Horse. Ho was twice offered a commission, but refused, 1916 he was killed in action. Paes in Saki's stories aro unique, sparking with wit and razor-sharp thrusts, He springs subee at most unexpected moments, and with the most urbane manner in the wort In the following story a very imaginative young lady of fifteen plays an amusing trick on a chance visitor to her aunt's house. As you read, waich closely how smoothly she conducts herself. The story is told with a charm and grace that is characteristic of this muthor. “My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttcl,” siad a very-possessed young lady of fifteen; "in the meantime you must try put up with me.” Framton Nuttel endeavoured to say the correct something which should duly flanter the niece of the moment owithout unduly discontinuing the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubled more than ever whetha there. formal visits on succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which be was supposed to be undergoing. "I know how it will be,” his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat;"you will bury youself down there and not speack to a living soul, and your nerves will be Woose than ever from moving. i shall just Bive letters of introduction to all the people i know there. Some of them, as far 8s Ican remember., were quite nice,” ‘ Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was Presenting one of the letters of introduction, came into the nice division. “Do you know many of the people round here"? asked the niece, when she judged that they had sufficient silent communion. “Hardly a soul,” said Framtoa. “My sister was staying here, at the rectory YOU know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some 9 the people here.” ave it ed i ~~ He'made the last in a wone of distinct regret x4) «loc hd omg A 7«ng about my aunt"? ractically nothing Dursueq the know PI enon YO) og Lady: itted the caller, he was wonderin, youn * 5 e goose Yee apd BOS idowed state. An underfinable Whethee only Ne Hae mare Tine habitation. Something Sappletoo ggest ma * sai e Me e100 LY Happened three years ago," Said the child; *y., Her great wrase scime.” asked Framton: somewhow in this restful country yoy aes we keep that window wide open on an October bere we cating sarge French window that opened on tpg for the time of the year, “said Framton; "but has that thing 10 do with the tragedy’ three years ago 10 & day, her husband and ber off for their day's shooting. They never came back. in Loa pete their favourite snipe-shooting ground they were all thiee i sherous iece of bog. It had been dreadful wet summer, you i eos that tee safe in other years gave way suddenly without know eer bodies were never recovered, That was the dreadful part of it". Here the child's voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. "Pow aunt always thinks that they will come back some day, they and the little brown always Ot Tost with the, and walk in at that window just a5 Sey used ia: shat is why the window is kept open every day till it is quite dusk. iu Poor dear aunt, she often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof cost over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing, "Bertie why do you bound/ as he always did to tease her, because she said it. got, on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evening like, this, 1. almost get a creepy feeling that will all walk in through that window -———~* She broke off with alittle shudder, It was relief to Framton when the aust pustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making het hope Vera has been amusing you?” she said. ot she. has been very interesting,” said Framton, : 1 hope you don't mind the open window,” said Mis. Sappleton brisklty ‘my husband and brothers will be home direstl ing, re psbant ly from shooting, and they con in is way. They ve bea ofr spe inthe maraes today, #91 mess over my poor carpets. So like menfolk, isn't i? Fas pz o cet abou te orig sd te arty Of aes dock inthe wines. To Framton it was al purely oni - despera y partically successful effort to burn the talk 0140)Ying past him to the atient - and the lawn beyond. It was certainly an unforunate coincig ther ie tpoald have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary. “The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest, an excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of exercises,” announced Framton, who laboured under the to! son that total strangers and chance acquainatances are gexail of one’s ailments and infirmities, their cause and cure. absence of mental f violent physical llerably wide-spread hungry for the least "No?" said Mrs. Sapploton, in voice which only replaced a moment. Then she suddenly brightened into alert attention ie nese what Framion was Sed i pee "Here they are at last!” she cried. “Just in time for tea, and don't asif they were muddly up to the eyes!” they look Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shook of nameless fear Framton swung round in his seat and looked in the same direction. In the deepening twilight three figures were walking across the lawn towards the window; they all carried guns under arms, and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung ovem his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel kept close at their heals. Noislessly they neared the house, and then a horse young voice chanted out of the dusk: "I said Bertie, why do you bound?” Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall-door, the gravel-drivec, and the froot gate were dimly moted stages in his headlong retreat. A cyclist coming along the read hadto run into the hedge to avoid imminent collision. : “Here we are my dear,” said the bearer of the white mackintosh coming in the window “fairly muddy, but most of it's dry. Who was that who Bolted out as we came up"? “A most extraorfinary man, a Mr. Nuttle,” said Mrs. Sappleton; “could caly-talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of good-bye of aplogy when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost” 1 i Fi ie i “he told me he had a ho Of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somvhere on the banks of We Ganges by a pack of pariah dogs, and had 1 spend the night in anewiy OO, With the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just ; Make any one lose their nerve”. x “ Romance at a short notice was her specialty. Spall Lah 4 7 p 9‘oday: Literature in English. Cook, LoellaB- Easton co Mee McGraw-Hill, 1964. Vocabulary and Idiomatic Expressions: Put ap with me: tolerale me rnduly discontinuing: showing too little respect for reclory: ea in which a minister lives. This helps St the One ean expect the truth to be told in a rectory. "Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?": Note this question, well, torilonksgeooant point of the story. ie seemed lo suggest masculine habitation: gave Framton the idea that there were men living rr engulfed ina treacherous piece of bog: swallowed up by a swamp. ae laboured under the os . tolerably wide-spread delution: believed in a common, but false, idea. asa ‘ ” 2 " 2 Comprehension pag sic ; ; “ an" ; 1, How did it iy .; Ke 3 happen that Mr. Nuttel came to call on the vid this fact give Vera an advantage over him? 2, Why did Mr, Nuttel Si Me Nas wort Ma, Sepeon ing on an a 3. When Vera saw the retuming hunters, was her * “dao hore real of ‘ 4 Why did Mr, Ne at ch "ean m he am wi caer) % dome «ieee 1% é anes wet. ‘Bit “a a a"The Open Window": Instructions is sory a very inaginative young lady of fifteen plays amusing ti In this 07 or to her aunt's house. As you read, watch how i on a chance "The story is told with a charm and grace that is chen eee of this Bnglise author. pefore Reading The Selection prepare for the plot, This story is simple to read, but the leasure s r from it depends on how carefully the reader follows the boas ter surprise ending. Call attention to the face that the plot hinges on the imaginative bent of the g lady. Your students, should, therefore, "listen"closely to all Vera says to Me. Nuttel, in order to appreciate the force of the last line in the story: "Romance at short notice was her specialty". 2, Introduce the key word: Before asking students to read the story make sure understand what these phrases refer to: nerve cure: Mr. Nutel was undergoing treatment for his nerves. This fact is important to the plot that develops. Jenters of introduction: Mr. Nuttel's sister gave him letters of introduction to make sure that he would not “bury, himself” in his "ryral retreat". One of them produces the mix-up in the story. self-possessed: Vera is self-possessed. This trait made it possible for her to play a pfractical joke on Mr. Nuttel. After Reading Selection 1, Discuss the plot: Vera's explanation of Mr. Nuttel'd sudden departure gives the reader the final clue to the situation. Ask students to look back at what Vera said to Mr. Nuttel early in their conversation: "Do you know many of the people round here? ... Then you know practically nothing about my ant" Itis amusing to recall these sentences or to note them on second reading. Tey ae part of the skilifully built-up plot. eee the irony: Your students will enjoy discussing the irony of the Soy. ut to thea the double meaning in the following sentences. There (ne meaning for the reader, another for the character in the story: 11says 0 Mr. Nowel: “I popes don't mind the Sappictoo appreciale why these words sir a. Mrs. rare that students Strike My, a 3 y suggest, of course, that Ms. Sappleion ig «5, i ses to most the situation by calling : Notice how Mr. Nae pe comely misundersiood by Mig =" his own Illness, Tine: “A most extraordinary man, @ Mr. Nuttel Sap co ne: as, and dashed off without a word of good: ye c when oust savor this final remark by MF. sappleton: "Ope 3 oe ink he had seen a ghosl.” What does the reader know tha Mj, Sappleton doesn't know? ‘Answers To Comprenension Questions ig sii iven him a letter of introduction, thinking that making a few 7 or icin te town to which he had come fora complete est and "nerve cure” would be good for him. Thus he knew nothing -at all about the Sappletons, and Vera was free to tell any tales she pleased without his suspecting their accuracy. 2 2. In the light of what Vera had just told him about the “tragedy” in Mrs. ‘Sappleton's life, her cheerful anticipation of her husband's retum could only mean one thing: Through grief Mrs. Stapleton had lost her mind. 3. Vera's "dazed horror”, on seeing the-hunters return, was part of the plot to confuse Mr. Nuttel. It was pretended. 4. Mr. Nuttel could not believe his eyes; he thought he was seeing ghosts. 5. Vera's explanation of Mr. Nuttel's heading retreat-that he had a horror of dogs > was another wild tale she invented for the occasion. Thus her aunt, as well as Mr. Nuttel, had been deceived.(1856 - 1900) The Happy Prince OSCAR WILDE ills Wilde was born in Dublin in 1856 - Oscar Fingal O Ee eae Shaw. His father, Sir William Wie eam yore aod cy tm also achieved some distinction as a writer and poet. ‘eminent surgeon; his mother ais0 ® Ruskin end Bases aed d poet. Ar Oxford, where he came under the influence of ee B Proclaimed his doctrine of "Arts for Arls’ Sake’ and attracted & B} cal of attention by his aocerisic dress, long har, his poetry, and by the charm of his conversation and the aatriacs of his wit. Despite his many distractions, he gained a First lag Honours Degree. In 1882 he went on & lecture tour to America, On his artival he Hono od that he was ‘disappointed with the Atlantic Ocean,” and when asked by aacoms official i he had anything to declare, answered, "Nothing to declare creapt my genius.” His fist drama, Vera , was produced in New York dur fas visi, but itis by his later plays, Lady Windermere's Fan (1892) A Woman of No Importance (1892), but above all, by the brilliantly wity The Importance of being Earnest, that Wilde is best known as a dramatist. ‘The Happy Prince and Other Tales was published in 1888, and though his stories are not so well known as his novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), Revertheless they, and particularly the story that follows, have a delicacy of feeling and a beauty of language and imagination that may make them his most lasting work. Wilde is buried in Paris, where he died. High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had twc bright sapphires, ! and a large red ruby glowed on his sword - hilt. 2 He was very much admired indeed. "He is as beautiful as a Weathercock, remarked one of the Town Councillors who wished to gain a reputation for having artistic tastes; "only not quite so useful,” he added, fearing lest people should think him unpractical, which he really was not. a oe “oh you be like the Happy Prince?" asked a sensible mother of het who was crying for the moon: "The Happy Prince never dreams ol crying for anything”. 2 ey Tam glad there is someone in the world who is quite happy,” muttered 3 man as he gazed at the wonderful statue. —_____ 1. sapphire 2 hike cae re Bo 3. mutter = speak in a low voice, 14“He looks just like on angel,” said the Charity children the cathedral in their bright scarlet cloaks and their clean white pine/ca? Mot fore, "How do you know?" said the Mathematical 5 . Master,” you have Dever seen “Ah ! but we have, in our dreams,” mesos “ Mathematical Master frowned and looked very severe, Pa hides and the children dreaming. NOt approve of One night there flew over the city a litle Swallow, away to Egypt six weeks before, but he had Stayed behind, for he i with the most beautiful Reed, he had met her early in the Sprong ahve flying down the river after a big yellow moth, and had been so attracted slender waist that he had stopped to talk to her, bie His friends had gone "Shall I love you?” said the Swallow, who liked to come to the point at once, and the Reed made him a low bow. So he flew round and round her, touching the water with his Wings, and making silver ripples. 4 This was his courtship,and it lasted all through the summer. "It is a ridiculous attachment,” twittered 5 the other swallows “she has no money, and far too many relations,” and indeed the river was quite full of Reeds. Then when the autumn came they all flew away. After they had gone he felt lonely, and began to tire of his ladylove. "She has no conversation,” he said, "and I am afraid that she is a coquette, 6 for she is always flirting 7 with the wind". And certainly whenever the wind blew, the Reed made the most graceful curtscys 8, “admit that se is domestic," he conined, "bt | ove nveling #8 "7 wife, consequently , should love travelling “Will you come away with me?” he said finally wo her, but the Reed shook her head, she was so attached to her home. CCC tiple = small wave. ‘og . twitter = make quick, soft sounds. ‘ $-cogsetn = woman who amused harelioy Abn . flirt = make love without serious purpose. respect. [Link] = bending on ne neue, made by women 062810" 0f 15 nen fall in love with her.9 with me,” he cried, "I am off wifling Yana, you have beet way. 1" and he-flew ight-time he arrived at the city + ary y long he flew, and at nig! city, Wher the town has made preparations,” Shalt the tall column. Meehan he cricd; "it is a fine position, with Plenty of Of fresh “1 will put UP there", j ween the feet of the Happy Prince, air". i aogpe aoe he said softly to himself as he looked y, . he preparcd 10 £0 to sleep; but just as he was putting his head oie Mg s drop of water fell on him. "What a curious thing I" "he ctied, "then ing ee cloud in the sky, the stars arc quite clear and bright, and yet jg fe no te climate in the north of Europe is really dreadful. The Reed used sai rain, but that was merely her selfishness. : it ‘Then another drop fell. % “what is the use of a stave if it cannot keep the rain off 2" he sche 7 Jook for a good chimney pot,” and he determined to fly away. S But before he had opened his wings, a third drop fell, and he looked up, ah saw____ Ah! What did he see ? , The eyes of the Happy Prince were filled with tears, and tears Were runny down his golden cheeks. His face was beautiful in the monnlight that the lite Swallow was filled with pity. “What are you" ? he said. ise “I am the Happy Prince.” seit) Peeve "Why are you weeping then 2” asked the Swallow; “you have quite 11 me." drenched “When I was alive and had a human heart,” answered the statue, ‘idk know what tears were, for I lived in the Palace of Sans-Souci, 12 where, somow is not allowed to enter. In the daytime I played with my companions in the garden, and in the evening I led the dance in the Great Hall. Round the gardea ran a very lofty wall, but I never cared to ask what lay beyond it, everything about me was so beautiful. My courtiers called me the Happy Prince, and happy indcedI was, if pleasure be happiness. 9. wifling = not treating seriously. 10. put up = stay, ais : oes 11. drench = make very wet. secegnag em 12. Sans -0 Souci (French) = "Withoiit eure,” ~* 16"What ! is he not solid gold” ? said the S i polite to make any personal remarks out loud. wallow to himself. He was too “Far away,” continued the statue in a low musical voice," i litle street is a poor house. One of the windows is open, and ene a woman seated at a table. Her face is thin and wom, and she has coarse, red hands, all pricked by the needle, for she is a seamstress. 13 She is embroidering passion - flowers on a satin gown for the loveliest of the Queen's, maids - Of - honour to wear at the next Court ball. In a bed in the comer of the room her little boy is lying ill. He has a fever, and is asking for oranges. His mother has nothing to give him but river water, so he is crying. Swallow, Swallow, litle Swallow, will you not take her the ruby out of my sword - hilt ? My feet are fastened to this pedestal 14 and cannot move.” "Lam waited for in Egypt,” said the Swallow. “My friends are flying up and down the Nile, and talking to the large lotus flowers. Soon they will go to sleep in the tomb of the great King. The King is there himself in his painted coffin, He is wrapped in yellow linen, ‘And embalmed 15 with jade, 16 and his hands are like withered leaves." "Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow" said the Prince,’ will you not stay with me for one night, and be my messenger ? The boy is so thirsty, and the mother so sad.” “"E don’t think I like boys,” answered the Swallow. "Last ememyerc vn was staying on the river, there were two rude boys, the miller’s eee ne always throwing stones at me. They never hit me, of course; we S' rn ne too weell for that, and besides, I come of a family famous for its 28117 ‘ still, it was a mark of disrespect.” -—— . Womand who earns her living DY ewe 13. seamstress = @ i ‘which a statue stands. 14. pedestal = block or pillar on 15. embalmed = (of a dead body) preserved 20 that it doesn 20597 16. jade = precious green stone. 17. agility = quickness. 3 ,But the Happy Prince looked so sad that the little Swatio ite very cold here,” he said; “put I will stay with you for one night, messenger.” "Thank you, little Swallow,” said the Prince. , So the Swallow picked out the great ruby from the Prince's , away with it in his beak over the roofs of the town. ° Sword, flew He passed by the cathedral tower, where the White marble angles sculptured. He passed by the palace and heard the sound of dancing. Were SOY his And be you, A beautiful girl came out on the balcony with her lover. "How the stars are,” he said to her, and how wonderful is the power of loves et "T hope my dress will be ready in time for the State ball,” she % have ordered passion flowers to be embroidered on il; but the answered; lazy." ee He passed over the river, and saw the lanterns hanging to the masis of ships. He passed over the market, and saw some old people bargaining with eat other, and weighing out money in copper scales. At last he came to the poor house and looked in, The boy was tossing feverishly on his bed, and the mother had fallen asleep, she was so tired. In he hopped, and laid the great ruby on the table beside the Woman's thimble. Then he flew gently round the ‘bed, fanning the boy's forehead with his Wings 2 "How cool I feel ! said the boy, “I must be getting better," and he sank into a delicious slumber. w 2S hoenbiteny bak Then the Swallow flew back to the Happy Prince, and told him what he had done, "It is curious," he remarked, “but I feel quite warm now, although itis so cold." she fs "That is because you have done a good action "said the Prince, And te little Swallow began to think, and then he fell asleep. Thinking, always made him sleepy. > oe dt lanerprsiy agente nn, tad ae When day broke he flew down to the river and ad Bi We remarkable phenomenon !" 18 said the Professor of Orni 9 as he was passing over the bridge. "A swallow in winter !" ‘And he wrote a long levet about it to the local newspaper. Everyone quoted it, it was full of so many that they could not understand. - ee ne i emigs ort broenoars Seen lute 6 ‘oiriw qo-wpidig 39 2aldl lates ati 98 ovestsn hed bese ntone eons —_—_—___ 18, Phenomenon = happeni 19. Ornithology = science of the study of birds. eat Oe 18~To - night | g0 10 Egypt. said the Swallow, and he was in high os; ge pepex. He visited all the public monuments and tat Tong uses shit Ehurch sieple. Wherever he weat the Sparrows chirruped On top of {oh ober, “What a distinguished stranger !° so he enjoyed . . Gren the moon rose he flew back to the Happy Prince “hae at cqmmissions 71 for Egypt ?" he cried:” I am just starting.” ree “Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” said the Prince, with me one night longer?” "I am waited for in Egypt,” answered the Swallow. "To - morrow m: fiends wil ly up wo the Second Cataract. The river - horse couches there among the bulrushes, and on a great granite throne sits the God Memmon. All night Jong he watches the stars, and when the morning star shines he utters one cry of joy, and then he is silent. At noon the yellow lions come down to the water's edge to drink. They have eyes like green beryls 22 , and their roar is louder than the roar of the cataract.” “Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” Said the Prince, “far away across the city I see a young man in a garret 24 . He is leaning over a desk covered with papers, and in a tumbler 25 by his side there is a bunch of withered violets. His hair is brown and crisp, and his lips are red as a pomegranate, and he has large and dreamy eyes. He is trying to finish a play for the Director of the Theatre, but he is 100 cold to write any more. There is no fire in the grate, and hunger has made him faint.” “Will you not stay “I will wait with you one night longer.” said the Swallow, who really hada good heart. "Shall I take him another ruby 2” “Alas !'I have no ruby now,” said the Prince: "my eyes are all that I have left. They are made of rare sapphires, which were brought out of India @ thousand years ago. Pluck out one of them and take it to him. a He will sell it to the jeweller and buy firewood, and finish his play.” “Dear Prince,” said the Swallow,” I cannot do that"; and he began to Weep. “Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” said the Prince, “do as I com year 20. chirrup (chirp)= make a sound like « small bird. 21. commission = duty; special work. [Link]! = precious stone. Fecmerect = waserfal 25, 2276 = small room just under the roof. tumbler = drinking - glass. eaince’ flew aw; 1 the Princes eye, and away to the go the swallow mote a in, as there was a hole in the roof, Studeny garret. It was esis the room. The young man had his head ace tise dared, a parte flutter of the bird's xn oa pas : ae lying on the withered vio looked he ae beautiful sapphire lying on ft jated,” he cried;” this is from " inning to be apprn* i : + fa Ne a ‘c finish my play- and he looked quite hap y. some snc Not ya ew no ho Hem ema ia 3 watched the sailors hauling 26 big chests 27 out of the hoig Lager hoy 28 1" they shouted as each chest came ‘up. men with ropes. "Heave a = “[ am going to Egypt 1" cried the Swallow, but nobody minded, va the moon rose he flew back to Ba aL ill i oe v to bid you good - bye, ied. er ; So eaiaswaliys little Swallow”, said the Prince, “Will you not stay it ight longer 1" a a ones pee the Swallow,” and the chill snow will soon be here, In Egypt the sun is warm on the green trees, and. the crocodiles lie in the mud and look lazily about them. My companions are building a nest in the Temple of Baalbec, and the pink and white doves are watching them, and cooing 29 t0 each. other. Dear Prince, I must leave you, but I will never forget you, and next spring I will bring you back two beautiful jewels in place of those you have given away. The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sed." Tied .. A ot tee ve a aipecera belay? Said the Sep, Price, "there stands a litile match- girl, let her matches fall in the gutter, and they are all spoiled. Her father, will beat her if she does not bring:home some money, and she is crying. She has. shoes or stockings, and her little head is bare. Pluck out my other eye, and give itto her, and her father will not beat her.” wwe oi bine “panel slay with you one night longer.” said the Swallow “put I cant, your eye. You would be quite blind then.” : : “Iwill Pluck out See 2 sy 26, haa = po, 21, chest = box, 28. Have = pull. "Heave hoy” Coo = make a soft mummusin ee ath sound, 17~swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” sai , ie low, Said the Prince, “do as Lcommand So he plucked out the Prince's other eye, and darted : ~ doy i svoopet 30 past the match nd sipped the jewel inthe palm her han what a lovely bit of glass! cried the lite girl and she ran home, laughing ‘Then the Swallow came back to the Prince. “so I will stay rio always.” “No, little Swallow,” said the poor Prince, "you must go away to Egypt." "Twill stay with you always,” said the Swallow, and he slept at the Eroce's feet. All the next day he sat on the Prince's shoulder, and told him stories of what he had seen in strange lands. He told him of the red ibises,31 who stand in Jong rows on the banks of the Nile, and catch goldfish in their beaks; of the Sphinx, who is as old as the world itself, and lives in the desert, and knows everything; of the merchants, who walk slowly by the side of their camels and carry amber 32 beads in their hands, of the King of the Mountains of the Moon, who is as black as ebony, and worships a large crystal; of the great green snake that sleeps in a palm tree, and has twenty priests to feed it with honeycakes; and the pygmies33 who sail over a big lake on large flat leaves, and are always at war with the buuterflies. “You are blind now," he said, “Dear little Swallow“ said the Prince, “You tell me of marvellous, things, but more marevellous than anything is the suffering of men and of women. ‘There is no Mystery so great as Misery. Fly over my city, little Swallow, and tell me what you see there”. So the Swallow flew over the great city, and saw the rich making merry in their beautiful houses, while the beggars were sitting at the gates. He flew ine dark lanes, and saw the white faces of starving children looking out listlessly = at the black streets. Under the archway of a bridge two litle boys were ying ip one another's arms to try and keep themselves warm. "How hungry we act a said, "You must not lie here", shouted the Watchman, and they wandered ovt into the rain, ——___—__ 30. swoop = fly down low and fast. 31. ibis = long - legged water bird. 32. amber = clear, yellow, stone-like material. in Africa. $9, pygmy = very acral psson. The pypmnias area race cl vor/ emai PPOs Ms = without interest in or desire to do anything- | . 19told the Prince what he had seen, and . Sees Then be New Paine gold” said the Prince, "you must take it of an am a vo the poor; the living always think that gold can mate it leaf, and gH happy". : e of the fine gold the Swallow picked off, till the - Poeaan grey. Leaf after leaf of the fine gold he brought to Sem fea a cl dren's faces grew rosier, and they laughed and played games in the street. "We have bread now” { they cried. the snow came, and after the snow came the frost. The streets looked ~ ee made of silver, they were so bright and glistening; long icicles like crystal daggers hung down from the eaves 35 of the houses, everybody went about in furs, and the little boys wore scarlet caps and skated on the ice, The poor little Swallow grew colder and colder, but he would not eave the Prince, he loved him too well. He picked up crumbs outside the baker's door when the baker was not looking, and tried to keep himself warm by flapping, wings. ¥ But at last he knew that he was going to die. He had just enough sireagih to fly up to the Prince's shoulder once more. “Good-bye, dear Prince!" he murmured, ant Abe wy "Will you let me kiss your hand?” - ” __ “Tam glad that you are going to Egypt at last, Tittle Swallow,” said the Prince, "you have stayed too long here; but you must kiss me on the lips, for 1 Tove you." “It is not to Egypt that I am going”, said the Swallow. : “Iam going to the House of Death. Death is the brotner of sleep, is he not?" And he kissed the Happy Prince on the lips, and fell dawn dead at his feet At that moment a curious crack sounded inside the statue, as if something had broken. The fact is that the leaden. heart had snapped right in two. It certainly was a dreadfully hard frost, ot ee goes sls Early the next moming the Mayor was walking in the square below it pone with the Town Councillors. As they cecniba cohol he looked ‘Statue: vob laren oj nt HE as {bas weed erwrab 4 raw baggal 3ares shabby the Happy Prince looks !" he said. ae OF by, indeed !" cried the Town Councillors, who always agreed ape Mayor and they went up 10 100K at it ‘ine roby bas fallen ont of his sword, his eyes are,gone, and he is golden seers wid ta Mayors tact, be i ete Deter Oe a ORES sowie beier than a beggar,” said the Town Councillors. And here is actually a dead bird at his feet !" continued the Mayor. "We pcsaly issue proctamation that birds are not to be allowed to die here.” And the Town Clerk made a note of the suggestion. $0 they pulled down the statue of the Happy Prince. "As he is no longer stil he is no longer useful,” said the Art Professor at the University. Thea they melted the statue in'a furnace, and the Mayor held a meeting of tte Corporation to decide what was to be done with the metal. "We must have rruher statue, of course,” he said, “and it shall be a status of myself.” “Of myself", said each of the Town Councillors, and they quarrelled. When ‘ast beard of them they were quarreling still. _ "What a strange thing 1" said the overseer of the workmen at the foundry. ‘Thisbroken lead heart will not meli in the furnance. We must throw it away.” So hey threw it on a dust - heap where the dead Swallow was also lying. “Bring me the two most precious things in the city", said God to one of His Angels; and the Ange! brought Him the leaden heart and the dead bird. wes Vote ih chon,” sald God, “for in my guren of PRs ibis sng forevermore, and in my city of gold iheI not only neglected, but ill-used them. For Plu ‘ sufficient regard to restrain me from maltreating waieeenn Still retanieg maltreating the rabbits, the monkey, or even the dog. When Fo scruple of through affection, they came im my way. But my diseas ae that disease is like Alcohol! __ and at length even Mane becoming old, and consequently somewhat peevi a ae experience the effects of my ill temper. a began to One night, returning home, much intoxicated, from ‘one of my haunts town, I fancied that the cat avoided my presence. I seized ee asia at my violence, he inflicted a slight wound upon my hand with his teeth. The fury of a demon instantly possessed me. I knew myslef no longer. My original soul seemed, at once, to take its flight from my body; and a more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, thrilled every fiber of my frame. I took from my waisicoat-pocket a penknife, opened it, grasped the Poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity When reason returned with the moming. when I had slept off the fumes of the night's debauch -I experienced a sentiment half of horror, half of remorse, for the crime of which I had been guilty; but it was, at least, a feeble and equivocal feeling, and the soul remained untouched. I again plunged into excess, and soon drowned in wine all memory of the deed. In the meantime the cat slowly recovered. The socket of the lost eye Presented, it is true, a frightful appearance, but he no longer appeared to suffer any pain. He went about the house as usual, but, as might be expected, fled in extreme terror at my approach had so much of my old heart lefi,as to be at first Srieved by this evident dislike on the part of a creature which had once so loved me, But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS. Of this spirit Philosophy takes no account. Yet I am not more sure that my soul lives, than I ‘am that perverseness one of thé primitive impulses of the human ___ one < the indivisible primary faculties, or sentiments, which give direction to character of Man. Who has not, a hundred times, found himself crams. vile or a silly action, for no other reason than because he knows he should Have we not a perpetual inclination, in the teeth of our best judgment, to violate that which is Law, merely because we understand it to be such? This spirit of perverseness, I say, came to my final overthrow. nee ‘unfathomable longing of the soul 10 ver itself ____ to offer ae aa Nature to do wrong for the wrong's sake only ___ mad Continue and finally to consummate the injury I had ee eenaae ‘noffending brute. One moming, in'cool blood, 1 slipped a'noose 27ted little but Horror ___ to many they wit; res _ ree Pere Hereafter, perhaps, ma intellect may bg toon peat f edvce my phantasm to the comme awl wane More which will ical, and far less excitable than my own, which will Perceive, in calm, more logi etal with awe, nothing more than an ordinary Succession a very natural causes and effects. infancy 1 was noted for the docility and humanity of my From my of heart was even so conspicuous as to make me the disposition. My "ote was especially fond of animals, and was indulged jest of ma id great variety of pets. With these I spent most of my time, and my paren! so happy as when feeding and caressing them. This peculiarity of Se w with my growth, and, in my manhood, I derived from it one of comical sources of pleasure. To those who have cherished an affection fora faitful and sagacious dog, I need hardly be at the trouble of explaining the nature or the intensity of gratification derivable. There is something in the unselfish and te, which goes directly to the heart of him who had 1f-sacrificing love of a brut 1 ; ‘ eniea occasion to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere Man, I married early, and was happy to find in my wife a disposition. not uncongenial with my own. Observing my partiality for domestic pets, she lost no opportunity of procuring those of the most agreeable kind. We had birds, goldfish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey, and @ cat. 3 This latter was a remarkably large and beautiful animal, entirely black, and sagacious to an astonishing degree. In speaking of his intelligence, my wife, who at heart was nota little tinctured with superstition, made frequent allusion to the ancient popular notion, which regarded all black cats as witches in disguise, Not that she was ever serious upon this point ___ and I mention the matter at all for no better reason than that it happens, just now, to be remembered. WER Pluto ___ this was the cat's name _was my favorite pet and playmate. I alone fed him and he attended me wherever I went about the house. It was evea. with difficulty that I could prevent him from following me through the streets. Our friendship lasted, in this manner, for'several years, during which my Beneral temperament and character through the instrumentality of the Fiend Intemperance __ had (I blush to confess it) experienced a radical alteration for the worse. I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more Pattee | suffered myself to use intemperate language to my wits feel the change in my disposition, ' renee ‘ Ree ase 4) bomogas ed RREE 26a Se ee a ee ee Pee es eee ae momarmannemecemeenagoGAR ALLAN POE The Black Cat Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was born in Boston; both his is sie Mylan fuer Were traveling ators. Orphaned before the peat nn noe raised by foster parents in Richmond, Virginia, and attended the Unversit ne Virginia, leaving without a degree in 1826, His first volume of poems yo published in 1827, his first stories « few years later. From this tine until ne tnexplained death in Baltimor in 1849, his stature and reputation increased stead ts editor, critic, poet, and fiction writer, He is perhaps. the most influential figuer in this first great period of American literature. a Poe can justly be called the “father of the short story”. His contributions to the genre are many and varied. He was the first American writer to define what he thought a short story shoudl be, and he formulated certain patterns and rules governing it His conception of the short story as a tightly organized piece of short fiction, with a beginning, middle, and end, designed to achieve one overwhelming impression-or "totality of effect" -was essentially new. A master of technique, he popularized and at his best attained real literary distinction in creating tales in which the basic elements of character, setting, atmosphere, idea or theme, and plot are closely or inseparably related. In a story like "The fall of House of Usher" he drew ‘on the elements of shock, terror, and horror that had been made familiar to the reading public through the so-called "Gothic" romances which flourished in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, but he transformed them into something far removed from the Gothic achievements of his predecessors. Poe insisted again and again-and his own stories frequently illustrated his theories - that the story was not a vulgar upstart but a literary type which deserved respect both as art and as entertainment. He was a hard-working and talented, if uneven craftsman, and the popularity of his short stories in periodicals like Graham's Magazine helped create an ever-increasing and enthusiastic audience for this "new" American literary from. For the most wild, yet most homely narrative which I am about to pen, I either expect nor solicit belief. Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in cast where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am [ not ____ and very surely do I not dream, But to-morrow I die, and to-day I would unburthen my soul. My immediate. purpose is to place before the world, plainly, succinctly, and without comment, a series of mere household events in their consequences, these events terrified have trotured __ have destroyed me. Yet. will not atlempt to expound them. 257 hung it with the tears streaming from, tree; __ r and hung itt the limb of 8 Wer, ny heart; hung it becanse I knew thy ‘and because 1 felt it had given me no reason of off it had loved 19, Oy that in 90 doing I was committing a sin. Ree = hung it bogs sopardize my immortal soul a5 10 Pisce it if Such a thing as a even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the —. . ich this cruel deed was done, I was aro omaena” pe rats of my bed were in flames. The whole co Peas with great difficulty that my wife, a sevant, ang eee our caer) from the conflagration. The destruction was complete, My entire worldly wealth was swallowed up, and I resigned myself thenceforward to despair. Iam above the weakness of seeking to establish a sequence of cause and effect, between the disaster and the atrocity. But Tam detailling a chain of facts and wish not to leave even a possible link imperfect. On the day succeeding the fire, I visited the ruins. The walls, with one exception, had fallen in. This exception was found in a compartment wall, not very thick, which stood about the middle of the house, and against which had rested the head of my bed. The plastering had here, in great measure, resisted the action of the fire ___a fact which I attributed to its having recently spread. About this wall a dense crowd were collected, and many persons seemed to be examining a particular portion of it with very minute and eager attention. The words "strange!" “singular” and other similar expressions, excited my curiosity. I approached and saw, as if engraved in bas relief upon the white surface, the figure of gigantic cat. The impression was given with an accuracy truly marvellous. There was a rope about the animal's neck. When I first beheld this apparition - for I could scarcely regard it as less - my wonder and my terror were extreme. But at length reflection came to my aid. The cat, I remembered, had been hung in a garden adjacent to the house. Upon the alarm of fire, this garden had been immediately filled by the crowd. _ rr __ The animal must have been cut from the tree and thrown, through an open window, into my chamber. This had probably been done with the view of arousing me from sleep. The falling of other walls had compressed the victim of my cruelty into the substance of the freshly-spread plaster; the lime of which, with the flames, and the ammonia from the carcass, had then accomplished the Portraiture as I saw it, . at: Although T thus readily accounted to my reason, if not altogether to my sexxienc, fr the staring fect just detailed, it didnot the less fail 0 make ® upon my fancy. For months I could [Link], myself of t 28 qr ETa to + aMOng the vil Tegret the pabitwally frequented for another pet of the bs eats which similar appearance, with which to supply its place, and of somewhat One night as I sat, half stupefied, in a den i auention was suddenly drawn t some black Uh eon any a one of the immense hogsheads of Gin, or of Rum, which Constituted ean furniture of the apartment. I had been looking Steadily at top of this ne Sait for some minutes, and what now caused my surprise was the fact that [raya sooner perceived the object thereupon than I approached it, and touched it with my hand. It was a black cat___a very Targe one __ fully as large as Pluto, and closely resmbling him in every Tespect but one. Pluto had not a white hair upon any portion of his body; but this cat had a large, although indefinite splotch of white, covering nearly the whole Tegion of the breast, Upon my touching him, he immediately arose, purred loudly, rubbed against my hand, and appeared delighted with my notice. This, then, was the very creature of which I was in search. 1 at once offered to purchase it of the landlord; but this person made no claim to it ____ knew nothing of it-had never seen it before. I continued my caresses, and, when I prepared to go home, the animal evinced a disposition to accompany me. I permitted it to do so; occasionally ‘stooping and patting it as 1 proceeded. When it reached the house it domesticated itself at once, and became immediately a great favorite with my wife. For my own part, I soon found a dislike to it arising within me. This was Jast the reverse of what I had anticipated; but I know not how or why it was =— its evident fondness or myself rather disgusted and annoyed. By slow egress, these feclings of disgust and annoyance rose into the bitterness of hatred. 1] avoided the creature; a certain sense of shame, and the remembrance of my former deed of cruetly, preventing me from physically abusing it. 1 did not, Some weeks, strike, or otherwise violently ill use it; but gradually ati fadually ___ I came to look upon it with unutterable loathing, and to silently from its odious presence, as from the breath of a pestilence. . i on the what added, no doubt, to my hatred of the beast, was the discovery. 98 fe Moming afer T brought it home, that, like Pluto it also had been deprive one ofits eyes. This circumstance, however, only endeared it 10 my Wee Boe 8 T have already said, possessed, in a high degree, that humanity © Tr oy Which had once been my distinguishing trait, and the source of Simplest and purest pleasures. 29i iality for myself seemeq a is cal, however, its parti ty fo Med 1p With my aversion baler: with a pertinacity which it would be difficult increase. Ir followed my d. Whenever I sat, it would crouch beneath my to make the | cad co knees, covering me with its loathsome caresses. If | chair, oF spring. sr botween my feet and thus nearly throw me down, or, arose 10 aa it ed es claws in my dress, clamber, in this manne to my pace although I longed to destroy it with a blow, I was breast. At such posse partly by a memory of my former crime, but chiefly pine ar once ___by absolute dread of the beast. of physical evil _ and yet I should be at nla pata ze auineat ashamed to own ____ that the ‘ pe ares with which the animal inspired me, had been heightened by one ain chimaeras it would be possible to conceive. My wife had called my sees ane than once, to the character of the mark of white hair of which | fre aaah, and which constituted the sole visible difference between the strange beast and the one I had destroyed. The teader will remember Uhat this mark, although large, had been originally very indefinite; but, by slow degrees-degrees nearly imperceptible, and which for a long time my Reason struggled to reject as fanciful __ it had, at length, assumed a distinctness of outline. It was now the representation of an object that I shudder to name ____ and for this, above all, I loathed, and dreaded, and wquld have rid myself of the monster had I dared ___ it was now, I say, the image of a hideous — fa ghaslly thing ___ of the GALLOWS! __ Oh, mournful and terrible engine of Horror and of Crime __ of Agony and of Death! aiciitle Anda brute beast___ whose fellow T had contemptuosly destroyed brute beast work out for me ___for mea man, fashioned in the image of the High God __so much of insufferable wo! Also! neither by day nor by night peabiwienpa ips. During the former the creature left me no m ‘One; and, in the latter, I started, hourly, from dreams of unutterable fear, to find the hot breath of the ching upon my face, and its vast weight __+ fn incamate Night-Mare that 1 caerally upon my heart! nad no power to shake off __ incumbent 2, Sma Beneath the - "Fac £004 within me suecaanee ones SUCH as these, the feeble remnant of te ong wi a ls es "eovernable outburts mds while, from the sudden, frequet comping wie, ast ga which Tnow blindly abandoned myself Myne day she accompanied me, upon some hou: af the old building which our poverty competted ween ito the cellar mne down the steep siairs, and, nearly throwing me headlong ey". i Sllowed madness. Up-lifting an axe, and forgetting, in my wrath, aioe me to fad hitherto stayed my hand, T aimed blow at the animal ytd Wis would have proved instantly fatal had it descended as Twin ich, of by the hand of my wife. Goaded, by the interference, Sut this blow was demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried 2 oe MO brain. She fell dead upon the spot, without a groan, ied the axe in her This hideous murder accomplished, I set myself forthwith, ; 8 onl oon ert deliberation, to the task of concealing the body. I knew that I could a ay eal from the house, either by day or by night, without the risk of being sft it the nieghbours. observed by Many porjects entered my mind. At one period I thoght of cutting th corpse into minute fragments, and destroying them by fire. At another | fae to dig a grave for it in the floor of the cellar. Again, I deliberated about Casting it in the well in the yard ___ about packing it in a box, as if merchandise, with the usual arrangements, and so getting a porter to take it from the house, Finally I hit upon what I considered a far better expedient than either of these. I determined to wall it up in the cellar ___ as the monks of the middle ages are recorded to have walled up their victims. For a purpose such as this the cellar was well adapted. Its walls were loosely constructed, and had lately been plastered throughout with a rough plaster, which the dampness of the atmosphere had prevented from hardening. Morever, in one of the walls was a projection, caused by a false chimney, or fireplace, that had been filled up, and made to resemble the rest of the cellar. I made no doubt that I could readily displace the bricks at this point, insert the corpse, and wall the whole up as before, so that no eye could detect anything ‘suspicious. And in this calculation I was not deceived. By means of a crow-bar I easily dislodged the bricks, and, having carefully deposited the body against iia wall, I propped it in that position, while, with little trouble, 1 re-laid ite mt structure as it originally stood. Having procured mortar, sand, and splat every possible precaution, I prepared a plaster which could not be dist a it from the old, and with this I very carefully went over the new De ey ci Thad finished, I felt satistfied that all was right. The wall did not Pree slightest appeamce of having been disturbed. The rubbish on oa sires Up with the minutest care. T looked around triuphantly, and sa "Here atleast, then, my labor has not been in Vain". t , 31My next step was to look for the beast which had the c s ad, 2 th, firm, ved ca sh wretchedness; for I had, at lenge y Tesolved to put j i able to mect with it, at the moment, there could have been ath foe, but it appeared that the crafty animal had been alarmed at the.19 doubt opt! revious anger, and forebore to present itself in MY prosent Of Impoesible to describe, or to imagine, the deep, the blissful sense of nots It y the absence of the detested creature occasionad in my bosom, Ie dig eo Mig, appearance during the night ____ and thus for one night at Make iy introduction into the house, I soundly and tranquilly slept; ay be slept even is the burden of murder upon my soul. en wit ‘The second and the thnd day passed, and still my tormen again I breathed as a freeman, The monster, in terror, had fled 2 nce forever! I should behold it no more! My happiness was supreme! The ps dark deed disturbed me but little. Some few inquiries had been aden peat had been readily answered. Even a search had been instituted + but i — bur nothing was to be discovered. I looked upon my future felicity as sec to cou Upon the fourth day of the assassination, a party of police came unexpectedly, into the house, and proceeded again to make rigorous investigni? of the premises. Secure, however, in the inscrutability of my aa concealment, I felt no embarrassment whatever. The officers bade me accomgeny them in their search. They left no nook or comer unexplored. At length, for i third or fourth time, they descended into the cellar. I quivered not a muscle, My heart beat calmly as that of one who slumbers in innocence. I walked tte ais, from end to end. I folded my arms upon my bosom, and roamed easily to and fro, The glec at my heart was too strong to be restrained. I bumed to say if but one word, by way of triumph, and to render doubly sure their assurance of my guiltlessness. “Gentlemen,” I said at last, as the party ascended the steps, "I delight 1 have allayed your suspicions. I wish you all health, and a little more courtesy. By the bye, gentlemen, this ____ this is a very well- constructed house”. {In the rabid desire to say somthing easily, I scarcely knew what] uttered atall]__ "1 may say an excellenty well-constructed house. These walls ___ are you going, gentlemen? ___ these walls are solidly put together,” and hers, through the mere phrenzy of bravado, I rapped heavily, with a cane which I held in may hand, upon that very portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife of my bosom. But may God shield and deliver me from the fangs of the Arch-Fiend! No sooner had the reverberation of my blows sunk into silence, than I was answered by a voice from within the tomb! ___ by a cry, at first muffled and brokea, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly swelling into one long loud, and continuous scream, utterly anomalous and inhuman __ a howl! ___ wailing 32 ane :sc half of horror and half of triumph, such as mi cs from the throats of the damned be cpa shat exult in the damnation, : Of my own thoughts it is folly to speak. Swooning, } sta wall. For one instant the party upon the stairs rem; i tae opposite emity of terror and of awe, In the next, a ee mar Sowa It fell bodily. The corpse, already greatly decayed and ‘clined eee stood erect before the eyes of the spectators. Upon its head, ae mouth and soiltary eye of fire, sat the hideous beast whose craft vi guced’me into murder, and whose informing voice had consigned me to the J had walled the monster up within the tomb! arisen only out and of the democn Questions: 1, In what does the “I” of this story resemble the narrator of "The Fall of the House of Usher" ? Is he a sympthetic character? Is he convincing? Do you think he, or Poe, is joking or being ironic when he states, early in the story, that "My tendernéss of heart was even so conspicuous as to make me the jest ‘of my companions"? It has often been said that weakness in characterization is Poe's mostconspicuous limitation as a fiction writer, do you feel that this statemdst is relevant in connection with “The Black Cat"? 2. Are the incidents in this story a logical outgrowth of character and setting? Are you convinced or emotionally moved by the narrator's initial act of violence, the cutting out of the cat's eye? Are the events which follow a convincing out-growth of this action? What do you think of the ending? 3. Henry James once commented that "the figures in any picture, the agents in any drama, are interesting only in proportion as they feel their respective situations ...... Their being finely aware as hamlet and Lear, say, are finely aware _ makes absolutley the intensity of their adventure, gives the maximum of sense to what befalls them. “Does this comment have any | influence on your final evaluation of this story; does it, perhaps, lead you to conclude that "The Black Cat” is not a great sttory but is, rather, an effective __ but melodramatic "shocker"? From: Twenty Nine Stories. Edited by William Peden, Boston, 1960. 33KATHERINE MANSFIELD (1888-1923) Katherine Mansfield was bom in New Zealand and came to England het was in her twenties. After her first unsuccessful marriage, she married in 1913) editor and critic, John Middleton Murry, who encouraged her in her writing, death of her younger brother in France in 1915 made a lasting impression a and the memories of their childhood together in new Zeland are recicatedinso her short stories. Her stories normally deal with the details of everyday life, show a particular compassion for the lonely and the outsider in childhood, and in old age. After prolonged illness she died of tuberculosis at Fontair France at the age of 34. Her best-known collections of short stories include r (1921), The Garden Party’ (1922) -from which this story is taken n Dove's Nest’ (1923) and ‘Something Childish’ (1924). ¥ % i i % Slyh as bi Nobody is too busy, itsjust” : a matter of priorities. MvinseT: 9KATHERINE MANSFIELD The Doll's House When dear old Mrs. Hay went back to London after s y Burnells, she sent the children a doll's house, It was so big thar Geert Ps had to carry it into the courtyard and there it stayed on two wooden boxes. No harm could come to it, it was summer. And perhaps the smell of paint would [Link] off by the time it had to be taken in. For, really, the smell of paint was coming from that doll'’s house ("Swect of old Mr. Hay, of course; most sweet and gencrous!") - but the smell of paint was quite cnough to make anyone scriously ill, in Aunt Bery!'s opinion. There stood the doll's housc, a dark, oily green, with some bits of bright ycllow. Its two soild little chimncys, fixed to the roof, were painted red and white, and the door was ycllow. Four window: windows, were divided into different parts by a broad linc of green. There was a small entrance, too, painted yellow. "The perfect, perfect little house! Who could possibly object to the smell? It ‘was part of the joy, part of the newness. “Open it quickly, somconc!“ The hook at the side was stuck fast. Pat opened it with his knife and the whole house front swung back, and there, you could sec at one and the same moment the sitting-room and dining-room, thc kitchen, and two bedrooms. That is the way for a housc to open! Why don’t all houses open like that? How much more exciting than looking through a half-open door into a poor file hall with’a hatstand ! That is — isn't it _____ what you want to know about a house'when you come to the door. Pherhaps it is the way God opens houses in the middle of the night. +) 70-oh!" The Burnell childem sounded as though they were in despait. I was loo wonderful: it. was 100 much for them. They had never scen anything like it in théir lives. All the walls of the rooms were covered with wall-paper. iter ae pictures [Link] walls, painted on the paper, with gold frames comp! Rae cAfpet covered all the floors except the kitchen; red chairs in the sin id [Link] the dining-room: tables, beds with real bedelotbes, furwi ae plates.;But- what Kezia liked more than anything. what she lik ay cL indeed, was the lamp. ft stood in the middle of une dining-room wo = litle yellow lamp with a white glass on it. It was even fill eee lighting; though:of course, you couldn't light it. But tere was somethi thatlooked like oil:and moved when you shook it. 35y very stiff as though they had fainted i who la: dolls, hildren aslcep upstairs, were really pes the The father and their two a - ’ ving -- room, ‘dn't lool the sitting ~r's house. They ci at Kezia, big for the ac it seemed co smile pore iy walk to school fast enough 4 ; could hardiy wal s nough the @ The Burnell oo wl everybody, to describe, to - well - to boast Next morning. They Wr fore the school - bell rang. oe 7 their doll's Ee said Isabel, "because I'm the eldest. And you two can join ig "J must tell, x n after. But I must tell first, S though they belonged tp it. Bu to say, "I live here:, The lamp $ answer. Isabel always gave orders, but she was ‘oo well the powers that went with being as nothing to i aoa Lote and Kezia knew right, an through the thick flowers at the road edge and said ed . seat hire choose who's to come and see it first. Mother said I ¢ la", For it had been arranged that while the doll's house stood in the they might ask the girls at school two at a time, to come and look, Not in to tea, of course, or to come wandering through the house. But just to stand quietly in the courtyard while Isabel showed beauties, and Lottie and Kei looked pleased. But although they hurried, by the time they had reached the fence of the boys’ playground the bell had begun to ring. They only just had time to take off their hats and get into line before their names were called. Never mind, Isabel looked very important and whispered behind her hand to the girls near her. "I've got something to tell you at playtime". a Playtime came and Isabd was surrounded. The girls of her class nearly fought to put their arms round her, to walk away with her, to be her special friend. She received them like a quecn under the great trees at the side of the playground. Laughing together, the littcl girls pressed close to her. And the only two who stayed outside the ring were the two who were always outside, the little Kelveys. They knew that they must not come anywhere near the Bumells. For the fact was, the school the Burnell children went to, was not at all the Kind of place their parents would have chosen if there had been any choice, But é there was none. It was the only school for many miles, And the result was all the children of the neighbourhood, the judge's little girls, the doctor's daughters, the shopkeeper's children, the milkman’s were forced to mix together. These Wa an equal number of rough Tittle boys as well. But some children could not be admitted to friendhip; there was a limit, The limit was reached at the n Many of the children, including the Bumells, were not allowed even 1 see them. They walked past the Kelveys with their heads in the air, and as ey 36ary inal matters of behaviour, the Kelveys were ay had a special voice for them, and a special wea vilkelvey came up to her desk with a bunch of es bY everybody Even ‘or the other cheap - look; Childem ing. flowers, They were the daughters of a hard- working litle washer. shout from house to house by the day. This was bad enough. Kelvey? Nobody knew. But everybody said he was in priso of a washerwoman and a man who was in prison. Very nice Ferater people's children! And they looked it! Why Mrs. Kelvey made man so frightful was hard to understand. The truth was they were nig jn’bits” given to her by the people for whom she worked. Lil, for example, who was a fat plain child, came to school in a dress made from a green tablecloth of the Bumells', with parts of it made from the Logan's curtains. Her hat, resting ‘on top of her head, was a grown- up woman's hat, once the property of Miss Locky, the postmistress. It was turnd up at the back. How foolish she looked! It ‘was impossible not to laugh. And her little sister, Else,wore, a long white dress, rather like a night dress, and a pair of little boy's boots... But wahtever Else wore, she would have looked strange. She was a very small child, with short- cut hair and big solemn eyes. Nobody had ever seen her smile; she hardly ever spoke. She went through life holding [Link] Lil, with a piece of Lil's dress pressed together in her hand. Where Lil went, Else followed. In the playground, on the. toad going to and from school, ther was Lil marching in front and Else holding on behind. Only when she wanted anything, or when she was breathless, Else gave Lil a pull, and Lil stopped and turned round. The Kelveys never failed to understand each other. «Now they waited at the edge; you couldn't stop them listening. When the le girls tumed round and laughed at them, Lil, as usual, gave her foolish ‘smile, but Else only looked. And Isabel's voice, so very proud, went on telling about the doll's house. carpet caused great excitement, but so did the beds with real bedclothes. mer she finished Kezia broke in, “You've forgotten the lamp, , woman, who weat But where was Mr, n. So they were the as Ee atl de of yellow glass. “Oh, yes," said Isabel, “and there's @ little lamp, ea just ike 8 os with a White top, that stands on the dining- room table. te“ “The lamp's best of all,” cried Kezia. She thou ol weable WAS “ough about the little lamp. But nobody paid Be apg. c00 She. the two who were to come back iv hae chose Emmie Cole and Lena Logan. But na Onn sene tohave a chance to see it, they couldn't ne = th het. Tey Da ‘One they put their arms round Isabel and walked 10 whisper to her, "Isabel's my frriend. 37 ght Isabel wasnt SayingOnly the little Kellveys moved away forgotten; theere was nothing more i for them to hear. passed, and as more chil at became the one subject of com Burnelis' doll's house? Oh, isn't it lovely! dren saw the doll's house. the fame of it The one question was, “Have you seen “Havn't you seen it? Oh, dear!" i i ing about it. The litte girls sa hour was given up to talking al we ee ae their lunch, While always, as near as they could get, sat the a Pars * i to Lil, listening too. : Kevey, Es olding on ti Hsing OO, on “Mother,” said Kezia, i "Certainly not, Kezia,” 3 “But why not?” a ¥ », Kezia; you know quite well why not.” 05 Perera had seen it except them. On that day they were all rather tired of the subject. It was the dinner hour. The children stood together under the trees, and suddenly, as they looked at the Kelveys eating out of their paper, always by themselves, always listening, they wanted to hurt them, Emmie Cole started the whisper. ‘ * “Lil Kelvey’s going to be a servant when she grows up.” : "Q-oh, how terrible! “said Isabel Burnell, looking Emmic in the eye. Emmie swallowed in a very special way and looked at Isabel as she'd seen her mother do on those occasions. ie "It's true __ it's true__ it's true,” she said. a3 ‘Then Lena Logan's little eyes opened. "shall I ask her?" she whispered. "You're afraid to,” said Jessie May. "I'm not frightened,” said Lena. Suddenly she gave a little cry and danced in front of the other girls. "Watch"! Watch me! Watch me now! "said Lena. And slowly, dragging one foot, laughing behind her hand, Lena went over to the Kelveys. Lil looked up from her dinner. She wrapped the rest quickly away. stopped eating. What coming now? at “Is it true you're going to be a servant when you grow, Lil Kelvey? ct Lena at the top of her voice, e sist i Dead silence. But instead of answering, Lil only gave her foolish smile. he didn't seem to object to the question at all. What a disappointment forLena, The ets began to laugh. ito. __Lena couldn't bear that. She went fi ei ’s in prison!” she cried hatefully, forward, "Your father's in prison! ; goons This was such a wonderful thin, i ittle girls rushed 1g to have said that the little girls rushee pele iene deeply, deeply exccited, wild with joy. Someone found a long aa iiey Beene with it. And never did they play 80 happily we moming. P amin8 with it. And never did they play so happily se 38 :Pat called for the B il ie afiernoon all ‘umell children wi ¢.There were visitors. Isabel io, eee 0 oe change dresses. But Kezia eee ee hed vison ae psa she began to swing on the big white pee 5 ieee Nobo _ ee along the road, she saw two litle dots, The peo za, yard. Presen, Pe towards esata she couid see that one Seas bigger: the sean penind. Now she could sce that they were the Kelveys, Kenn and. one close she gor oft the gate as if she was going to run away. The anes swinging, peside them walked their shadows, very long, stretchin elveys came 2h their heads in the flowers. Kezia climbed back 8 Tight across the road Bits mind:she swung OU. Bate; she had made up her “Hullo,” she said to the passing Kelveys. They were so astonished that they stopped. Lil ‘ ” just looked. Bave her foolish smile. Else You can come and sec our doll's house if you want to," sai ’ »” Said Ke dragged one toc on the ground. But when she heard that, Lil tumed ep her head quickly. "Why not?” asked Kezia. ia ene suddenly. "Your mother told our mother you weren't allowed to "Oh, well," said Kezia. She didn"t know what to reply. "It doesn't matter?. You can come and sce our doll's house just the same. Come on, Nobody's looking." But Lil shook her head still harder. "Don't you want to?" asked Kezia. Suddenly there was a pull at Lil's dress. She turned round. Else was Looking at her with big. sad eyes; she wanted to go. For a moment Lil looked at Else very doubtfully. But then Else pulled her dress again. She started to go forward. Kezia led the way. Like two Little lost cats they followed across the courtyard to where the doll's house stood. "There it is," said Kezia. There was a pause. Lil breathed loudly; Else was as still as a stone. _ "Til open it for yoy,” saaid Kezia kindly. She unfastened the hook and they looked inside. ‘sg "There's the sitting_ room and the dining_ room, and that's... “Kezial” Oh,what a jump they gave! "Kezia!" Itwas Aunt Bery!'s voice. They turned round. ‘At the back door stood Aunt Beryl, looking as if she couldn't believe what she saw. 39" Kelveys into the courtyard?” said her How too know as well as I do, you're not allowwd to talk to ape children, run away at once. ‘And don't come back again,” saiq Beryl. ‘And she stepped into the yard and sent them away as if they yu ask the liutle she called, cold and proud. They did not need telling wice. Burning with shame, close together, Lit going along like her va her, Else confused, somehow they crossed the big courtyard and went out Ul igh the white gale. é “Bad, disobedient little girl! saidd Aunt Beryl to Kezia, and shut the house noisily. chickens. . a Away you go immediately: When the Kelveys were well out of sight of Burnells' they sat downto on a big red pipe by the side of the road. Lil's face was still burning ; she ae off her hat and held it on her knee. Dreamily they looked over the fields, past the stream, to where Logan's cowS stood waiting to be milked. What ee their thoughts? to her sister. But now she had forgotten the Presently Else moved close nd moved it on her sister's hat. She smiled her angry Lady. She put out a finger at rare smile. “[ saw the little lamp™ she said softly. They both were silent once morc. Aijgle lolae gale! Woah czy

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