KD 3.4 Descriptive Text

K.D. 3.4.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

A. Definition

Descriptive text is a text used to give detailed information (description) about a particular
object. It describes particular object like things, animals, persons or places, for instance: pets
or persons we know well.
In this learning activity, we will focus more on describing historical or famous places near us,
for example: Tondano Lake, Sumaru Endo, etc. You can find many examples of descriptive
text in form of texts or videos in the internet or in the books.
B. Social Function
Generally, the main function of a descriptive text is to describe person, thing or place in
specific
Specifically, a descriptive text has these following functions:
1. Giving information about a particular object by describing its features and special
characteristics;
2. Giving information about a particular object by describing its physical attributes,
behavior, functions, etc.
C. Generic Structure
The generic structure of a descriptive text consists of two main parts: identification or general
statement and description
GENERIC STRUCTURE FUNCTION
Identification introduces and identifies

specific objects (a person, thing, place,
animal, or event) intended to be described.
IDENTIFICATION
It is used to gives a general idea about the
object we want to describe.
Description describes the intended objects

using descriptive details or information about
DESCRIPTION the objects’ characteristics, appearances,
personality, habits, or qualities
To make your understanding about the social functions and generic structure of a descriptive
text better, now look at the examples of descriptive text bellow:
Text 1.
BOROBUDUR TEMPLE
Borobudur is one of historical buildings in Indonesia. It is

IDENTIFICATION
considered to be the world’s largest Buddhist temple for its size
This part introduces
(15129 m2) and height (34.5m). It is located in Magelang, Central
where or who the
Java. Not only it became a well-known tourism destination to a lot
subject being described
of travelers around the world, Borobudur Temple is also included
is
in UNESCO list of world heritage site.
Borobudur temple consists of six square floors and three circular
floors which arranged accordingly and make it to be stair-like
layers that you have to climb one by one to reach the top of the
DESCRIPTION
temple. In the middle of the floor, you will find small stairwell with
This part shows the
couples of stairs connecting each floor that you can use as a
detail description of
passage to go to the top. On each level of the floor, there are a lot
subject.
of relief panels and Buddha statues spread around it. Based on
It may include the
the data, there are 2.672 panels and 504 statues in total. There is
information about the
a dome located on the top center of the temple and is surrounded
appearance or qualities
by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa. It is
of
said that, if you place your hand into the stupa through one of its
hole and you can touch the Buddha statue, you will be able to
make one of your dream come true.
D. Language Features
1. Using Simple Present Tense

For example:
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + ADVERB
SUBJECT (I, WE, THEY, YOU) + VERB 1 + OBJECT+ ADVERB
SUBJECT (SHE, HE, IT) + VERB 1 + S/ES/IES + OBJECT+ ADVERB
 Borobudur is one of historical buildings in Indonesia.

 Not only it became a well-known tourism destination to a lot of travelers around
the world,
 Borobudur temple consists of six square floors,
 if you place your hand into the stupa through one of its hole and you can touch
the Buddha statue,
2. Using Adjective and Adverb

For example:
Adjective : historical, well-known
Adverb : in Indonesia, in Magelang, in UNESCO, On each level, on the top
center
3. Using Present Passive Voice
For example:
ACTIVE VOICE: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + ADVERB
PASIVE VOICE: OBJECT + AM/IS/ARE + VERB 3 + BY + SUBJECT +

ADVERB
 It is considered …
 Borobudur Temple is also included …
 There is a dome located …
 is surrounded by …
 It is said that, …
Text 2:
TELAGA BIRU CICEREM
Nowadays many vacation places are visited by tourists to relax

themselves from the pressures of work or just for family vacation.
IDENTIFICATION
There are many places in Kuningan city, West Java, one of all is
“Telaga Biru Cicerem” which is located in Kaduela village, Pasawahan
sub-district, Kuningan city.
This place is suitable for family tours because the entrance ticket is
affordable, its only Rp. 5,000,-/person and has a large parking area
which also has a very cool atmosphere, because it is located at the
foot of Mount Ciremai. This tourist spot offers a very clean lake view
DESCRIPTION 1
so that the fish can be seen very clearly. Not only that, this tour has
several rides that you can try such as water bikes, duck boats, diving
with fish, relaxing while feeding fish in the lake, even taking pictures
with amazing results because here provides photo spots and special
photographers for tourists.
All rides at this place are paid separately from the price of admission.
Here are some cheap ticket prices that are quite affordable: 1. Rowing
DESCRIPTION 2 Boat (maximum 4 people) @ Rp. 35,000 2. Double Swing @ Rp.
5,000, / person 3. Swing Cito @ Rp. 10,000, / person 4. Application
Dock @ Rp. 2,000, / person, and 5. Custom Paddles @ Rp. 10,000, /
person
On the other hand, for those who want to try Kuningan food
DESCRIPTION 3 specialties, there are many vendors providing varied food. Meanwhile,
we can see the beautiful colors of the colorful KOI fish swimming here
and there. So, are you interested in visiting this place?

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K.D. 3.4.

Specifically, a descriptive text has these following functions:

GENERIC STRUCTURE FUNCTION

Identification introduces and identifies

Description describes the intended objects

Borobudur is one of historical buildings in Indonesia. It is

1. Using Simple Present Tense

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + ADVERB

SUBJECT (I, WE, THEY, YOU) + VERB 1 + OBJECT+ ADVERB

SUBJECT (SHE, HE, IT) + VERB 1 + S/ES/IES + OBJECT+ ADVERB

 Borobudur is one of historical buildings in Indonesia.

2. Using Adjective and Adverb

ACTIVE VOICE: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + ADVERB

PASIVE VOICE: OBJECT + AM/IS/ARE + VERB 3 + BY + SUBJECT +

TELAGA BIRU CICEREM

Nowadays many vacation places are visited by tourists to relax

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