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Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Tetuan, Zamboanga City

SELF-REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

WEEK 3

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
(QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH)
1st SEMESTER, SY 2022-2023

Prepared by:
ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.
Facilitator
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Name: ___________________________________________
Grade Level and Strand: _____________________________
Address: _________________________________________
Contact Number: __________________________________
Facilitator: ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.

SELF- REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Date:

TOPIC:
Problems Week 3 Lesson 1
I.OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the learners CAN…

1. Explain the scope and limitation of the study by:
1.1 comparing between scope and limitations ; and
1.2 showing examples.

II.ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

2.1 Summary of Essential Knowledge

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Parameters that prevent researchers from pursuing further studies due to

time and budgetary constraints

a. Scope -the coverage (context) , range (locale) and period of the study
b.Limitations - weaknesses or constraints of the study beyond the control of the researcher

Example of Scope
This study is delimited to determining the level of commitment of teachers and their
teaching performance. Commitment of teachers will be measured in terms of normative,
continuance and affective. On the other hand, teaching performance will be gauged in terms of
organizing curriculum, delivery of instruction and assessment of learning. This will be
conducted in Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School – Tetuan , school year 2022-2023.
The respondents of this study will be the teachers in ICAS-Tetuan who have been
teaching for five years and above. The survey questionnaires will be used in gathering data
.

Example of Limitations

The results of this study will not reflect the commitment and teaching performance of
teachers in the entire diocesan schools in Zamboanga City.

2.2 Testing of Knowledge

Based on the definitions of scope and limitations, list one statement for scope and one
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statement for limitations.

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2.3 Knowledge Scanning

How do you distinguish scope from limitations of the study?

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2.4Integration of Knowledge

Summarize your learning of this concept , “Scope and Limitations of the Study.”
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III.SELF-DETERMINING PRACTICE

Develop the scope and limitations based on the case below.

Case: The researcher is working on a research paper , “Factors Affecting the Career
Choice of the Senior High School Students of Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan
School in school year 2021-2022.” The factors include personal decision, parental
influence, and peer influence.

Write your:

Scope
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Limitations
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IV.REFLECTION/ACTION

Develop a paragraph that manifests the limitations of your freedom as a citizen of this
country.
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___________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________________
Grade Level and Strand: _____________________________
Address: _________________________________________
Contact Number: __________________________________
Facilitator: ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.

SELF – REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

Learning from Others and Reviewing of Date:

TOPIC:
Literature Week 3 Lesson 2
I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson, the learners CAN…
1. define the term review of related literature
  2. identify the different sources of related literature
3.. explain the importance of review of  literature
4. discuss how is related literature considered plagiarized and
5. Synthesize a paragraph.

II.ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

2.1Summary of Essential Knowledge

Literature review is defined as an examination of relevant books, scholarly works, and

any other sources pertinent to an area of research. It is a consolidation of key ideas and
evaluation of the literature available in view of the research problem. It also provides an
overview of the sources you have explored while researching a particular topic and
demonstrating to your reader how your research fits within a larger field of study.
Systematic reviews of related literature require citation – proper citation. There is a need
to recognize the sources of the information that we are citing, and there are proper way of
doing this.
The primary ethical issue that we often encounter is on plagiarism. Wagger and Wiffin
(2011) defined plagiarism as using somebody elses idea, images, data, words, or other original
creations without acknowledgment or permission and claiming them as your own original
work.
To avoid plagiarism, it is important to cite sources properly and give due recognition to
the author or source of an idea. Citing sources is called citation.
The materials are usually printed and found in books, encyclopaedia, professional
journals, magazines, newspapers and other published materials.

Purposes of Review of Related Literature and Studies

1.To find out the connection of your research to the current conditions or situations of the
world
2.To know more about theories or concepts underlying your research and to learn from
them with respect to your own research study
3.To discover the relation of your research with previous research studies
4.To obtain information on the accuracy or relevance of your research questions
5.To familiarize yourself with technical terms related to your research.

2.2 Testing for Knowledge

1. What are the primary sources of related literature and studies?

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___________________________________________________________________________
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2.When do you say that your review of related literature is plagiarized?
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2.3 Knowledge Scanning

How important is the review of related literature in your research?

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2.4 Integration of Learning

Summarize your insights on the review of related literature

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III. SELF – DETERMINING PRACTICE

Synthesize the paragraph below

Paragraph

Kent and Facer (2004) indicated that school is an important environment in which
students participate in a wide range of computer activities, while the home serves as a
complementary site for regular engagement in a narrower set of computer activities.
Increasingly, ICT is being applied successfully in instruction, learning, and assessment. ICT is
considered a powerful tool for educational change and reform.

Synthesis

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IV.REFLECTION

Organizing review of related literature is done systematically to achieve coherence , unity

and consistency of thoughts. In life, how can we attain coherence, unity and consistency?
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_
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Name: ___________________________________________
Grade Level and Strand: _____________________________
Address: _________________________________________
Contact Number: __________________________________
Facilitator: ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.

SELF- REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

Learning from Others and Reviewing of Date:

TOPIC:
Literature Week 3 Lesson 3
I. OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the learners CAN…

1. cite relevant theory/ies for your study
2. Explain the importance of theory in your research paper; and
3. Distinguish theory from hypothesis.

II.ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

2.1 Summary of Essential Knowledge

Importance of a Theory

A theoretical framework consists of concepts and, together with their definitions

and reference to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your
particular study. The theoretical framework must demonstrate an understanding of
theories and concepts that are relevant to the topic of your research paper and that relate
to the broader areas of knowledge being considered.

The theoretical framework is most often not something readily found within the
literature. You must review course readings and pertinent research studies for theories
and analytic models that are relevant to the research problem you are investigating. The
selection of a theory should depend on its appropriateness, ease of application, and
explanatory power

The theoretical framework strengthens the study in the following ways:

1. An explicit statement of  theoretical assumptions permits the reader to evaluate them
critically.
2. The theoretical framework connects the researcher to existing knowledge. Guided by
a relevant theory, the researcher is given a basis for his/her hypotheses and choice of
research methods.
3. Articulating the theoretical assumptions of a research study forces researcher to
address questions of why and how. It permits researcher to intellectually transition
from simply describing a phenomenon he/she has observed to generalizing about
various aspects of that phenomenon.
4. Having a theory helps researcher identify the limits to those generalizations. A
theoretical framework specifies which key variables influence a phenomenon of
interest and highlights the need to examine how those key variables might differ and
under what circumstances
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Developing the Framework

Here are some strategies to develop of an effective theoretical framework:

1. Examine your thesis title and research problem. The research problem anchors your
entire study and forms the basis from which you construct your theoretical
framework.
2. Brainstorm about what you consider to be the key variables in your research . Answer
the question, "What factors contribute to the presumed effect?"
3. Review related literature to find how scholars have addressed your research problem.
Identify the assumptions from which the author(s) addressed the problem.
4. List  the constructs and variables that might be relevant to your study. Group these
variables into independent and dependent categories.
5. Review key social science theories that are introduced to you in your course readings
and choose the theory that can best explain the relationships between the key
variables in your study.
6. Discuss the assumptions or propositions of this theory and point out their relevance
to your research

A theory requires a framework for understanding its application to the topic being
investigated. When writing and revising this part of your research paper, keep in mind
the following:

 Clearly describe the framework, concepts, models, or specific theories that underpin
your study. This includes noting who the key theorists are in the field who have
conducted research on the problem you are investigating and, when necessary, the
historical context that supports the formulation of that theory. This latter element is
particularly important if the theory is relatively unknown or it is borrowed from
another discipline.
 Position your theoretical framework within a broader context of related frameworks,
concepts, models, or theories. As noted in the example above, there will likely be
several concepts, theories, or models that can be used to help develop a framework
for understanding the research problem. Therefore, note why the theory you've
chosen is the appropriate one.
 The present tense is used when writing about theory.  Although the past tense can be
used to describe the history of a theory or the role of key theorists, the construction
of your theoretical framework is happening now.
 You should make your theoretical assumptions as explicit as possible . Later, your
discussion of methodology should be linked back to this theoretical framework.
 Don’t just take what the theory says as a given!  Reality is never accurately
represented in such a simplistic way; if you imply that it can be, you fundamentally
distort a reader's ability to understand the findings that emerge. Given this, always
note the limitations of the theoretical framework you've chosen [i.e., what parts of the
research problem require further investigation because the theory inadequately
explains a certain phenomena]

The terms theory and hypothesis are often used interchangeably in newspapers and
popular magazines and in non-academic settings. However, the difference between
theory and hypothesis in scholarly research is important, particularly when using an
experimental design.
A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some
aspects of the natural world. Theories arise from repeated observations and testing and
incorporate facts, laws, predictions, and tested assumptions that are widely accepted
[e.g., rational choice theory; grounded theory; critical race theory].
A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in
your study. For example, an experiment designed to look at the relationship between
study habits and test anxiety might have a hypothesis that states, "We predict that
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students with better study habits will suffer less test anxiety." Unless your study is
exploratory in nature, your hypothesis should always explain what you expect to happen
during the course of your research.

The key distinctions are:

 A theory predicts events in a broad, general context; a hypothesis makes a specific
prediction about a specified set of circumstances.
 A theory has been extensively tested and is generally accepted among scholars;  a
hypothesis is a speculative guess that has yet to be tested

2.2 Testing of Knowledge

What is the difference between a theory and hypothesis?

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2.3 Knowledge Scanning

Why is theoretical framework needed in research?

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2.4 Integration of Knowledge

How do you know that a particular theory is relevant and applicable to your research?
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III.SELF-DETERMINING PRACTICE

Summarize your insights about theoretical framework.

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IV.REFLECTION/ACTION

What would be the consequence of your decisions on issues when you based them on
existing facts and data.
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________.

Name: ___________________________________________
Grade Level and Strand: _____________________________
Address: _________________________________________
Contact Number: __________________________________
Facilitator: ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.

SELF – REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

Learning from Others and Reviewing of Date:

TOPIC:
Literature Week 3 Lesson 4
I. OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the learners CAN…

1. illustrate and explain the conceptual framework by:
1.1 showing and explaining the variables of the study; and
1.2 explaining how the conceptual framework is developed.

II.ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

2.1 Summary of Essential Knowledge

A Conceptual Framework is the researcher’s understanding of how the particular

variables in his study connect with each other. Thus, it identifies the variables required
in the research investigation. The conceptual framework lies within a much broader
framework called theoretical framework.

The conceptual framework is the visual illustration or map that articulates the steps
followed in the course of the study. The basis for developing the conceptual
framework is on the research problems.

Example:
The students are conducting a study on the factors affecting students reading
comprehension skills.

Possible Questions are:

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1.What is the extent of the factors affecting the reading comprehension skills of
the students in terms of:
1.1 personal
1.2 home
1.3 school
1.4 community
2.What is the level of the reading comprehension skills of the students in terms of:
2.1 literal
2.2 inferential
2.3 critical
3.Do the factors significantly affect the level of the reading comprehension skills
of the students?

Showing and explaining the variables of the study.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Factors Affecting Level of Reading
Students Reading Comprehension Skills
Comprehension Skills
 Literal
 Personal
 Inferential
 Home Affect
 Critical
 School
 Community

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

Explanation of how the paradigm is developed

The first box of the conceptual framework is the independent variable (first
question) , the second box is the dependent variable (second question) and the line
with an arrow pointing to the second box is the third question (significantly affect).

2.2 Testing of Knowledge

Instructions:
1. Develop the conceptual paradigm of the research study using the specific
problems and identify the independent and dependent variables.
2.Explain how the conceptual paradigm is developed.
Situation: The students are instructed to conduct a study on the Level of Awareness
and Practices on Waste Management among Residents of Tetuan.
The following are the questions derived from the topic:
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1.What is the level of awareness on waste management of the residents?

2.What are the practices on waste management of the residents?
3.Is there a significant relationship between level of awareness on waste
management of the residents?

Conceptual Framework

Lev el of Awareness Waste Management

Practices

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

2.3 Knowledge Scanning

Why is there a need for a conceptual framework in research investigation?

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How does one identify the variables to be able to develop the conceptual paradigm of
the study?
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2.4 Integration of Learning

Explain the importance of conceptual paradigm of the study in relation to the

development of the research study.
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III. SELF – DETERMINING PRACTICE

Directions: Please answer the following questions:

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1. Identify and explain the roles of the variables of the study.

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2.Explain the procedures in developing the conceptual paradigm of the study.

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IV.REFLECTION/ACTION

How would you attain a meaningful life?

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Name: ___________________________________________
Grade Level and Strand: _____________________________
Address: _________________________________________
Contact Number: __________________________________
Facilitator: ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.

SELF- REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

Learning from Others and Reviewing of Date:

TOPIC:
Literature Week 3 Lesson 5
I.OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the learners CAN…

1. Define the term hypothesis by:
1.1 discussing the different definitions of hypothesis;
2. Compare and contrast null and alternative hypotheses by:
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2.1 showing examples

II.ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

2.1Summary of Essential Concepts

Hypothesis is an educated guess which serves as a tentative answer to the research
inferential questions given at the beginning of the research process.
Hypothesis can be of different types.
Null hypothesis (Ho) negates the existence of the relationship between the independent
and dependent variables.
Alternative hypothesis (Ha) affirms the existence of the relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.

Specific Inferential Problem

1.Is there a significant relationship between vocabulary proficiency and
reading comprehension proficiency of the SHS students?
Ho: These is no significant relationship between vocabulary proficiency and
reading comprehension proficiency of the SHS students.
Ha: These is a significant relationship between vocabulary proficiency and
reading comprehension proficiency of the SHS students.
2.Is there a significant difference on the vocabulary proficiency level of the
SHS students when data are categorized according to sex?
Ho: There is no significant difference on the vocabulary proficiency level of the
SHS students when data are categorized according to sex.
Ha: There is a significant difference on the vocabulary proficiency level of the
SHS students when data are categorized according to sex.
3.Does the vocabulary proficiency level of the students significantly affect their
reading comprehension proficiency level?
Ho: The vocabulary proficiency level of the students does not significantly affect
their reading comprehension proficiency level.
Ha: The vocabulary proficiency level of the students significantly affects
their reading comprehension proficiency level.

2.2 Testing of Knowledge

Directions: Give the null (HO) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses of the following
inferential questions:
Inferential Questions:
1. Does the level of health awareness of the SHS students significantly influence their
health practices?
Ho:
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Ha
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2.Is there a significant difference on the level of health awareness of the SHS students
when data are categorized according to sex, socio-economic status and strand?
Ho:
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Ha:
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2.3 Knowledge Scanning

Directions: Answer the following questions:

How do you know that the hypothesis is null or alternative?

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2.4 Integration of Learning

Formulate an inferential question and give its null and alternative hypothesis.

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III. SELF-DETERMINING PRACTICE

1 Does study habits of the students significantly increase their academic

achievement?

Ho:
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Ha:
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2.Do the students significantly differ on their perceptions of the teachers’

competence in teaching SHS students when categorized according to sex?

Ho:
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__________________________________________________________________
Ha:
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3.Is there a significant relationship between parental involvement and academic

achievement of the students?

Ho:
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Ha:
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Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for each of the following sets of
independent and dependent variables.

Independent Dependent Ho Ha
Variable Variable
Interest Ability to
learn musical
instrument
Use of Gadgets Achievement
level in Math
Motivation to Performance
learn English in Grammar
test

IV.REFLECTION/ACTION

How would you relate this lesson on hypothesis to your real life situation?
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Name: ___________________________________________
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Grade Level and Strand: _____________________________

Address: _________________________________________
Contact Number: __________________________________
Facilitator: ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.

SELF- REGULATED LEARNING MODULE

Learning from Others and Reviewing of Date:

TOPIC:
Literature Week 3 Lesson 6
I.OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the learners CAN…

1. Define terms used in the study by:
1.1 distinguishing the conceptual and operational definitions.

II.ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

2.1 Summary of Essential Concepts

Below is a list of definitions of terms. Classify them into Conceptual and Operational
definition.
1.Face-to-face Interaction.
1.1 The interaction patterns and verbal exchanges that take place.
1.2 The positioning of students as they interact face- to- face.
1.3 This refers to having direct eye contact of students as they interact with each
other.
2.Positive Interdependence
2.1 The awareness and mechanisms by which each member of the group can
contribute to group success.
2.2 It refers to students knowledge about their responsibilities to help each member
learns.
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3. Attitude.
3.1 The psychological tendency to view a particular object or behaviour with a
degree of favour or disfavour.
3.2 This refers to the tendency of the students to view Physics subject positively or
negatively.
2.2 Testing of Knowledge
How do you distinguish conceptual definition from operational definition?
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2.3 Knowledge Scanning

Answer the following questions:

1. Why do we define the terms/variables used in research study?

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2.Which definition (conceptual or operational) is used in quantitative research? Why?

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2.4 Integration of Learning

Wrap up your understanding of the conceptual and operational definitions by

disclosing its similarities and differences.
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III.INDEPENDENT PRACTICE

A.Activity 1
Instructions: Differentiate conceptual definition from operational definition using
the table below.
Point of Comparison Conceptual Definition Operational Definition
Similarities
Differences
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Examples

B. Activity 2
Instructions: Provide the conceptual and operational definition of the variables.
Variables Conceptual Definition Operational Definition
Motivation
Interest
Success

IV. REFLECTION/ACTION

Based on your understanding on the concept of operational and conceptual definitions,

how would you distinguish yourself as an ICASEAN from students of other schools?
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