SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: Oral Communications Grade: 11 Quarter 2 Module 2

Name __________________________ Section ________ Date ________

School __________________________ District __________________________

LESSON 1: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

1. Audience Profile

Knowing your audience specifically their general age, gender, educational level, religion, language, culture and group
membership is one of the most important aspects in developing your speech. Basically, this is done so that you can tailor-fit your
speech content and delivery to your audience. Analyzing your audience will help you discover the information you can use to build
a connection between you and members of your audience..

2. Logical Organization

Once you have already analyzed your target audience, the next part is to organize your speech manuscript. The logical
organization or arrangement of thoughts when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of your writing that help
the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another. Thus, carefully planning the
content of your speech is also necessary.
The written speech has three parts: the introduction, body and conclusion. The role of introduction and conclusion is mostly
similar in many speeches, that is, the introduction presents the main idea of your speech, while the conclusion reiterates the main
idea. The body offers definitions, examples, or any information that can help you convey your intent and clarify the main concept
of your speech.

➢ The Introduction
The introduction is the most crucial part of the speech. It is generally only 10 to 15 percent of the time the speaker spends
speaking. According to Wrench (2012), a good introduction serves five functions: (1) you should be able to gain audience
attention and interest, (2), it states the purpose of your speech, (3) it establishes your credibility, (4) it should provide reasons for
your audience to listen and (5) your introduction should preview the main idea of your speech.
➢ The Body
The body of the speech is the core part of the speech that addresses the main ideas and principles of the speech. It consists of the
main points. This is presented using methods of organization (Flores 2016). Below are the different writing patters from which you
can select the one that best suits your topic.

PATTERN DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLES

1. Problem-Solution It explains the problem and suggests a possible Example: Cleaning up Laguna de Bay
Order solution.

2. Categorical/Topical It divides the topic into subtopics based on the Example: Importance of promoting the
Order importance or interest value or simply because the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle program
topic requires it.

3. Chronological Order A historical or time approach which is from the past to Example: The significant development of
the present. It presents idea in time order. the province of Laguna from Spanish
period to present.
4. Comparison and - It presents comparison and contrast of two or three Example: Comparison between living in
Contrast Order points. the city and life in the province.

5. Spatial/Geographical - Going from one place to another, from one direction Example: Traveling around the wonders
Order to another of Batanes islands

6. Causal Order - It involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue. Example: The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay
Make sure that you move smoothly from one paragraph to another. Transitional words are used to connect words, phrases or
sentences. They help the reader to move from one idea to the next to build coherent relationships within the text. Study the
following table showing examples of different transitional words and their functions.

Function Examples
Addition Again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place,
moreover
Comparison Also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
Contrast Although, yet, but, despite that even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead,
nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on one hand-on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still,
though
Emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course
Example or as an illustration, for example, for instance, namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate
Illustration
Summary or all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in simpler terms, in summary, on the
Conclusion whole, to summarize
Time Sequence after a while, afterward, again, and then, as long as, at last, at length, at that time, before, earlier, eventually,
finally, first, formerly, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, next, now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously,
since, so far, soon, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, until now, when

Adapted from: The Transitional Devices Table. https://kielikompassi.jyu.fi/kookit06/corpus/micase/transitionaldevicetable.html

➢ The Conclusion
After writing the body of your speech following the methods of organization, the last thing that you need to work on is how to
end it.
The conclusion functions as the summarizer of the entire speech. The conclusion has to be written using different strategies
(Tandoc, 2016).
Present a summary
Repeat the key ideas presented
Repeat the central idea for emphasis
Go back to the strategy used in the introduction
Signal the end of your speech
End with an impact
Thought-provoking questions
Humor Quotation A call for action A connection to a larger context

3. Duration
No matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five parts: an introduction, the body (paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and
paragraph 4) and a conclusion. This format is adaptable to a speech of almost any length. By doing this, you can actually monitor
the time and length of your speech or the so-called Duration. Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to 20 minutes.
(Gray-Grant, 2017).
Introduction: 2 minutes (250 words)
Body: Point 1: 5 minutes (625 words)
Point 2: 5 minutes (625 words)
Point 3: 5 minutes (625 words)
Conclusion: 3 minutes (375 words)
Total word count: 2,500 words (20 minutes)

4. Word Choice
There are a lot of vocabularies available to describe one's idea. However, the speaker should carefully use the correct word in
writing the speech. The use of conversational language helps put the audience feel at ease and creates a special bond between
the speaker and the audience. However, there are things that you should consider in choosing your words.
The following words should be avoided in a written speech. (Tandoc, 2016)
a. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people
b. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words
c. Language inappropriate for the audience
d. Language inappropriate for the occasion
Jargons are specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group which are difficult for others to understand.
For example, the word idiopathic (which means unknown cause) and hyperventilate (rapid breathing) are jargons because they
are technical terms in medical fields. The word affidavit (sworn) and circumstantial (specific details) are heard commonly in legal
aspect or terms in in the field of Law. These words can be confusing if you are speaking in front of a general crowd or audience.

5. Grammatical Correctness
Using correct grammar when you give a speech is important to prevent misunderstanding and misinterpretation between you and
the audience. Good command of the language helps listeners understand you quickly. Grammar inconsistencies slow down the
communication process and generate negative impressions for the audience, as your ideas and thoughts are not clear and
coherently conveyed.

Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following components of speech writing requires you to look into the profile of your target audience?
A. Audience Analysis C. Data Gathering
B. Audience Evaluation D. Selecting a topic
2. Which of the following components of speech writing refers to all the aspects of your writing that help the reader move
smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another?
A. Audience Analysis C. Logical Organization
B. Data Gathering D. Sentence Construction
3. Which of the following is NOT part of the five functions of good introduction?
A. Establish Credibility C. Narrow down a topic
B. Gain Audience Attention and Interest D. State the Purpose of your Speech
4. Which of the following is NOT part of the common strategies in making conclusion?
A. Present a summary. C. Repeat central idea for emphasis
B. Signal to end your speech D. Add another points to discuss.
5. Which of the following parts of your speech provides a definition, examples, or any details that can help you deliver the
purpose and the main idea of your speech?
A. Introduction C. Conclusion
B. Body of the Speech D. Thesis statement
6. Which statement is NOT true about the body of the speech?
A. The most common number of key points is five.
B. The body of the speech is the core part of the speech.
C. If you have a long point in your speech, you will need to break that point into multiple points.
D. If you have only one point in your speech, it will either be too short, or too complicated for the audience to understand.
7. Which of the following provides the correct logical arrangement of a speech?
I. Body II. Conclusion III. Introduction IV. Ending
A. I, II, III and IV B. IV, III, II and I C. III, I, and II D. I, II and III
8. Which of the following methods of speech organization refers to historical or time approach (from past to the present) that
presents ideas in time order?
A. Casual Oder C. Comparison and Contrast
B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order
9. Which of the following should be avoided in a written speech?
A. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people
B. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words
C. Language inappropriate for the audience
D. All of the above
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true about speech writing?
A. Speech writing is a recursive process.
B. Speech writing involves audience analysis.
C. Speech writing should take into consideration grammatical correctness.
D. Speech writing can be done without considering the time of delivery.

What I Can Do

Direction: Given the situations below, write a speech considering all the different principles of effective speech writing. It should
have at least between 800 to 1,500 words. Please be guided by the rubric provided in the next page. (use BONDPAPER in writing
your speech)
Situation no. 1. You won as President in the Supreme Student Government Election 2020.
Situation no. 2. Your DRRM teacher asked you to deliver a speech on how and what to prepare during pandemic.
Situation no. 3. Side effect of Junk Food
Situation no. 4. The pleasure of Reading
Situation no. 5. The hazards of Global Warming

Refer to this rubric in scoring What I can Do

Criteria 5pts 4pts 3pts 2pts

The logical arrangement The logical The logical The logical arrangement of
1. Logical of thoughts is highly arrangement of arrangement of thoughts is not acceptable.
Organization acceptable. thoughts is moderately thoughts is slightly
acceptable. acceptable.
Word choice is highly Word choice is Word choice is slightly Word choice is not
2. Word Choice appropriate to the moderately appropriate to the appropriate to the speech
speech content and appropriate to the speech content and content and target
target audience. speech content and target audience. audience.
target audience.
Speech is free from Speech contains Speech contains few Speech contains lots of
3. Grammatical grammatical errors. minimal grammatical grammatical errors. grammatical errors.
Correctness errors.

LESSON 2: Principles of Effective Speech Delivery

Do you wish to become a great speaker? Good news! This module discusses the principles and tools of effective speech
delivery to help you achieve that purpose.
Effective speaking means being able to say what you need to say in a manner that it is heard and acted upon.
According to Stephen Lucas (2011), author of The Art of Public Speaking, a good delivery means that you are capable and
able to present your message in a clear, coherent, and interesting way. In addition to this, he also says:

Good delivery…conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the audience. Most audiences
prefer delivery that combines a certain degree of formality with the best attributes of good conversation—directness,
spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication (p. 244).

Types of Speech According to Purpose

1. Informative Speech- provides the audience with a clear understanding of a concept or idea. The lectures of your teachers
are the best example of this type.
2. Entertainment Speech- amuses the audience. The humorous speeches of comedian and performers are the best example
of this type
3. Persuasive Speech- seeks to provide the audience with favorable or acceptable ideas that can influence their own ideas
and decisions. The campaign speeches of the running candidates for government posts are the best examples of this
type.

Types of Speech According to Delivery

1. Extemporaneous
Description Speaking with limited preparations, guided by notes or outline, delivered conversationally,
most popular type.
Speaking Situations • When you are a candidate for a post in a student government and you deliver your
campaign
• When you are assigned to report a topic in class
Advantages Helps you look confident. And it engages the audience
Disadvantages May not have adequate time to plan organize or rehearse
Tips • Create an outline
• Organize your points logically (most important to least important)
• Use facts and real life experiences as your examples
• Manage your time well
• Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse
2. Impromptu
Description Speaking without advanced preparation, unrehearsed speech, spoken controversially
Speaking Situations • In an event where you are ask to say a few words, during an interview
Advantages Spontaneous or natural speaking, more focused and brief
Disadvantages Tendency to be disorganize, lacks connection with the audience, nerve-racking for
inexperienced speakers and beginners
Tips • Once your are requested to say something, pause for a moment to plan on your head
what to say
• State your main point briefly and deliver it at a pace your audience can follow
• End by saying thank you
3. Manuscript
Description Speaking with advanced preparation, planned and rehearsed speech, reading aloud a written
message
Speaking Situations • Newscasting with a TelePrompter or an autocue device
• Presenting the legal proceedings and verdict in court
• Reading rules and criteria in a contest
Advantages Exact repetition of the written words, guided speech
Disadvantages Boring and uninteresting presentation, lacks audience rapport or connection
Tips • Rehearse the speech over and over again until you sound natural.
• Observed accomplished news anchors and note how conversational they sound when
they deliver the news
4. Memorized
Description Speaking with advanced preparation, planned rehearsed speech, reciting a written message
word-for-word from memory
Speaking Situations • When you perform in a stage play, when you deliver a declamation, oratorical, literary
piece, when an actor or actress in a scene performs a script from memory
Advantages Exact repetitions of the written words from memory, free to move around the stage
Disadvantages • Speakers might end up speaking in a monotone pattern. Alternatively, he/she might
take a fast pace
• When the speaker cannot control his/ her stage fright, he/she/ might have difficulty
remembering his/ her memorized speech.
Tips • Rehearse the speech over and over again until you sound natural and feel confident
• Observe how actors and actresses perform their script in a theater, television, or
movie scenes

Tools for Effective Speech Delivery

❖ Articulation
People always judge how well you speak in general. The perceived intellect or education is sometimes used to measure how
well you articulate. The instance on how well and precisely you form vowels and consonants using your lips, tongue, jaw, and
palate to form the sounds to speak is crucial in making your message get crossed. On the same idea, diction and enunciation
are other forms of articulation.
❖ Modulation

For example, saying “going to” instead of “gonna” or “want to” instead of “wanna” are instances of good versus poor
articulation. Proper diction in articulation is important in speaking which needs a lot of practice.

This happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your voice as you try to lower your voice to a loud whisper in
order to get the attention of your audience as they find your message more appealing, dramatic and mysterious. Modulation has
various meanings, such as a change of key in music or of the sound of a person's voice.
❖ Facial expressions
To effectively communicate emotions and enthusiasm while speaking, the speaker must use emphatic and descriptive gestures.
These help enhance the verbal content of our speech. Gestures should appear spontaneous but purposeful. Movements from the
waist down should be decisively used to emphasize a point or as a transition during a speech.
Facial expressions are essential in setting the emotional tone for a speech. It is really helpful that facial expressions jive with the
message being delivered. To achieve the positive tone of the speaker before he begins, he simply must glance at the audience and
smile. A smile may be simple but its value is indispensable in communicating friendliness, openness, and confidence. In addition,
facial expressions communicate various types of emotions which reflect the speaker’s moods and personality traits.
❖ Movement
of the whole body, instead of just gesturing with hands, is appropriate in a speech. It is suggested that starting speakers hold
off attempting to fuse body development starting from the waist until they have completed at any rate one discourse. This
permits you to focus on overseeing nervousness and spotlight on progressively significant parts of conveyance like vocal
assortment, keeping away from familiarity hiccups and verbal fillers, and improving eye to eye connection. At the point when
you are given the opportunity to move around, it regularly winds up getting skimming or pacing, which are the two
developments that comfort you as a speaker by using anxious vitality however just serve to divert the crowd.
❖ Rapport
It happens when you have everything in concordance or harmony. Your discourse is correct. The crowd gets it well. They
appreciate tuning in to it as much as you appreciate conveying it. In any case, that upbeat agreeable state doesn't happen
without conscious effort

Rapport builders are:

dressing and prepping suitably for the event
being sorted out, prepared with reasonable substance
demonstrating in your opening statements that you know who you are

talking to because you have done your homework

utilizing comprehensive language - "we" instead of "I"
recognizing and accentuating your shared conviction consciously and earnestly
evading the use of jargon unless everyone understands it
indicating that you are human also by sharing your story
being aware of non-verbal communication/body language and using eye contact
seeming sure, positive, in charge and understanding of the effect of vocal delivery

More Tips in Effective Speech Delivery

1. Listen to yourself. Record your voice by participating in a conversation. This is to identify the problem in order to get
solution.
2. Pronounce. Fully pronounce each syllable of the word, do not mumble. Open your mouth and use your speech organs
to produce the correct sound of the word.
3. Be simple. Keep your sentences as simple as possible. Avoid using long and winding sentences, this might lose the
audience’s attention.
4. Avoid the filler. The overuse of filler words such as “um”, “uh”, “like”, “you know”, shows that you are unsure of what
you are saying. Instead of using filler words, consider “Let’s move on to...”, “Another important consideration...”, or
“let’s transition to...” as replacements.
5. Practice, practice, practice. Check out the best practices of good speakers. Try to imitate how they articulate the words,
but make sure that at the end of the day, you are creating a better version of yourself.
6. Emphasis. Upon going through your speech, identify which words are keys to communicating your message. Pick these
words and give an impact using your voice.
7. Loud and Soft. You need to be loud so that your audience can hear you clearly but you need to careful in drawing a line
between being loud and shouting. Loud voice could command people to listen. But you can go soft if people really want
to listen. Varying the volume should match your content.
8. Fast and Slow. Going fast at some points on your speech helps keep your audience engaged. Going slow helps the
audience to be calm, also this adds clarity to your message.
9. Effective Pauses. This is very important. A pause, when done right, could build curiosity in the minds of your audience,
keeping them engaged and focused on your message.
10. Sound Enthusiastic and Confident. Your voice can reflect emotions. Do not sound lousy or monotonous. Display the
enthusiasm using your voice.
11. Posture. Keep a good posture, stand straight. Do not cross your arms or put your hands in your pocket or at your back
and slouch. Face your audience as much as possible.
12. Breathe. Relax, take deep breaths. This will help your voice projection, also the pacing of speech.
13. Facial Expression. Smile at your audience, this will make them feel comfortable and at ease. Display the right
expression based on the context of your speech.
14. Gestures. Keep your audience’s attention by varying your gestures, use your hand to emphasize words, incorporate
your head and arms as well. If you are using visuals, point and look at it, your audience will follow your hands and eyes.
15. Movement. Moving around the stage space will create a dynamic effect. At some point, stepping towards the audience
encourages and persuades engagement, as well as creating a positive feeling.
16. Know your audience. As what we have learned the previous module, audience analysis creates a big difference. You
can connect with them if you have an idea of their age, gender mix, ethnicity, cultural values, religious or group
affiliations, primary language and education level. Shape your speech to meet the audience.
17. First impressions last. The first 5-10 seconds of your speech is the foundation of the entire presentation. It is crucial
that you connect with them early on to keep them engage the entirety of your speech. Include them, use “we” rather
than “I”. Identify your common grounds.
18. Appearance and Comfort. You must be dressed to the occasion, it could be formal event or a relaxed casual one.
Remember, if you are sure of your appearance you will have that amazing self-confidence necessary in giving a speech.
19. Body posture and attitude. The moment you stepped on the stage, your body language matters. You must have a
positive attitude, keep in mind that your audience is intelligent and looks at you at the entire speech.
20. Stage space. It is always a smart move to rehearse over and over, including using different parts of the stage at
different levels.
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What type of speech will we use when we wish to convince the audience about new product or idea?
A. Informative Speech B. Entertainment Speech C. Persuasive Speech D. Entertainment Speech
2. Which of the following is an effective speech delivery technique?
A. Pause to emphasize words. C. Always be formal and serious
B. Rarely look the audience in the eye. D. Use filler words to avoid dead air.
3. Which of the following is not a type of speech according to delivery?
A. Informative Speech B. Manuscript Speech C. Impromptu Speech D. Extemporaneous Speech
4. The following are different delivery situation EXCEPT for one.
A. Speaking in different venues C. Speaking with a microphone
B. Speaking in a concert D. Speaking with a podium
5. Which of the following should be emulated from good speakers?
A. How they walk C. How they connect with the audience
B. How they laugh D. How they walk away from the stage
6. Which of the following statements about speech delivery is TRUE?
A. Speech delivery is about pronouncing words perfectly.
B. Public speaking is a talent and cannot be learned.
C. Effective speech delivery means connecting with the audience and communicating the message.
D. Good delivery lies in the intellectual words used in the speech.
7. Not a single person among the audience was bored listening to the speech even though the message was a bit lengthy.
The speaker was truly dynamic. What tool for effective speech delivery is evident in the speaker?
A. Modulation C. Stage presence
B. Articulation D. Facial expression, gestures, and movements
8. As the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company approaches the stage, the audience is astonished with how
dignified he is that everyone becomes eager to hear his message. What tool for effective speech delivery is evident in
the CEO?
A. Modulation C. Stage presence
B. Articulation D. Facial expression, gestures, and movements
9. The speaker is animated in delivering his speech. He never stays in one place and sees to it that everyone is listening to
him. Which tool for effective speech delivery is evident in the speaker?
A. Modulation C. Stage presence
B. Articulation D. Facial expression, gestures, and movements
10. Leslie did a great job during her campaign for SSG president. She was able to adjust her voice according to the number
of students in the classrooms that they went. Which tool for effective speech delivery is evident in the speaker?
A. Modulation C. Stage presence
B. Articulation D. Facial expression, gestures, and movements

What I Can Do
Directions:
Submit a video showcasing a personal speech of a topic of your chosen topic on the previous lesson (What I Can
do). Send it to your respective subject teacher through messenger, e-mail, and google drive . You will be graded
using the rubrics presented below.
Answer key

Lesson 1: Lesson 2:
Assessment Assessment
1. A 1. C
2. C 2. A
3. C What I Can do 3. A What I Can do
4. D Answers may vary 4. B Answers may vary
5. B 5. C
6. A 6. C
7. C 7. A
8. B 8. B
9. D 9. C
10. D 10. A