B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G.

College, Lucknow
NATIONAL POST GRADUATE COLLEGE
(An Autonomous College of University of Lucknow)
Department of Chemistry
(CBCS Pattern)

Semester Paper Code Title of Paper Credits Lectures/Hrs

I Core-I CH-101 Inorganic Chemistry 4 40
Core-II CH-102 Physical Chemistry 4 40

II Core-I CH-201 Organic Chemistry 4 40

Core-II CH-202 Practical Chemistry 4 40

III Core-I CH-301 Organic Chemistry 4 40

Core-II CH-302 Practical Chemistry 4 40

IV Core-I CH-401 Inorganic Chemistry 4 40

Core-II CH-402 Physical Chemistry 4 40
Elective CH-400 Health and Food 2 20
Chemistry

V Core-I CH-501 Inorganic Chemistry 4 40

Core-II CH-502 Physical Chemistry 4 40
Core-III CH-503 Practical Chemistry 4 40

VI Core-I CH-601 Organic Chemistry 4 40

Core-II CH-602 General Chemistry 4 40
Core-III CH-603 Practical Chemistry 4 40

Page 1 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow

Core-I
B.Sc. Semester I CH-101( Inorganic Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I
Atomic Structure: Quantum mechanics based structure of atom in brief, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, Aufbau and
Pauli exclusion principles, Hund's Multiplicity rules. Electronic configurations of the elements, Effective
nuclear charge,
Periodic Properties and Classification based upon electronic configuration: Diagonal relationship, inert pair
effect, atomic and ionic radii, van der waal radii, ionization energy, electron affinity
and electronegativity : definition, method of determination, trends in periodic table and applications in predicting
and explaining chemical behavior.

UNIT-II
Chemical Bonding:
Covalent bond: Valence bond theory and its limitations, directional characteristic of covalent bond. Hybridization
and shapes of simple molecules and ions. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory to simple
molecules and ions. Molecular Orbital theory for homonuclear and heteronuclear (CO and NO) diatomic molecules,
multi-center bonding in electron deficient molecules, bond strength and the bond energy, % ionic character from
dipole moment and electro negativity difference.
Weak interactions: Hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces.

UNIT-III

Ionic solid: Ionic structures, radius ratio effect and coordination number, limitation of radius ratio rule, Lattice
defects, Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarizing power and
polarizability of ions. Fajan's rule, Metallic bond free electron, Valence bond and Band theories.

s-block elements: Comparative study, salient features of hydrides, salvation and complexation tendencies of cations
of alkali and alkaline earth matter including their function in biosystems, an introduction to alkyls and aryls of Li &
Mg.
Noble Gases: Chemical properties of the noble gases, discovery of O2+PtF6- and O2XeF6 chemistry of xenon,
structure and bonding in xenon compounds.

UNIT-IV

p-block elements: Comparative study (including diagonal relationship) physical and chemical behaviour of group
13-17 elements, compounds like hydrides, oxides, oxyacids and halides of group 13-16, diborane, boronitride α, β
forms, Fullerenes, silicates (structural principle) and structures of oxides and oxyacids of phosphorus and sulphur,
interhalogens and polyhalides.

Page 2 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow

Core-II
B.Sc. Semester I CH-102( Physical Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I
Mathematical Concepts : Logarithmic relations, curves stretching, linear graphs and calculation of slopes,
Differentiation of functions like x, ex, xn, sinx, logx; maxima and minima, partial differentiation and reciprocity
relations. Integration of some useful/relevant functions; permutations and combinations. Factorials, Probability.
Computers: General introduction to computers, different components of a computer. Hardware and software, input-
output devices, binary numbers and arithmetic; introduction to computer languages. Programming and operating
systems. UNIT-II
Gaseous State: Postulates of kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behavior, van der Waals equation of State.
Critical phenomenon: PV isotherms of real gases, continuity of states, the isotherms of van der Waals equations,
relationship between critical constants and van der Waals constants, the law of corresponding states, reduced
equation of states.
Molecular Velocities: Root mean square, average and most probable velocities. Qualitative discussion of the
Maxwell's distribution of molecular velocities, collision numbers, mean free path and collision diameter.
Liquefaction of gases (based on Joule Thomson effect).
Liquid State:-Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (a qualitative description) Structural differences between
solids, liquids and gases.
Liquid crystals: Difference between liquid crystal, solid and liquid. Classification, structure of nematic and cholestic
phases. Thermography and seven segment cell.
UNIT-III
Solid State: Definition of space lattice, Unit cell. Laws of crystallography, (i) Law of constancy of interfacialangles
(ii) Law of rationality of indices (iii) Law of symmetry. Symmetry elements in crystals. X-ray diffraction by
crystals. Derivation of Bragg's equation. Determination of crystal structure of NaCl, KC1 and CsCI (Laue’s method
and powder method) and simple structure of ZnS,CaC2, diamond graphite.
Colloidal State: Definition of colloids, classification of colloids.
Solids in liquids (sols): properties- Kinetic, optical and electrical; stability of colloids, protective action, Hardy-
Schulz law, gold number.
Liquids in liquids: (emulsions): types of emulsions, preparation. Emulsifier. Liquids in solids (gels): classification,
preparation and properties, inhibition, general applications of colloids.
UNIT-IV
Chemical Kinetics: Chemical kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction
concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst. Concentration dependence of rates, mathematical
characteristics of simple chemical reactions- zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order; half life and mean
life.
Determination of the order of reaction : differential method, method of integration, method of half life period and
isolation method. Experimental methods of chemical kinetics-conductometric, potentiometic, optical methods,
polarimetry and spectrophotometery.
Theories of Chemical Kinetics: Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation
energy. Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model, transition state theory (equilibrium hypothesis)
Expression for the rate constant based on equilibrium constant and thermodynamic aspects.

Catalysis: Catalysis, classification of catalysis, type of catalyst, characteristics of catalyst, catalytic promoters and
catalytic inhibitors, theories of catalysis.
Page 3 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow
Core-I
B.Sc. Semester II CH-201(Organic Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I
Structure and bonding: Hybridization, bond lengths, bond angles, bond energy, localised and delocalized π bonds,
resonance, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding, inclusion compounds, clathrates, charge transfer
complexes.
Types of reagents: Electrophiles and nucleophiles. Reactive intermediates – carbocations, carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes, arynes. Assigning formal changes on intermediates and other ionic species.
Mechanism of organic reactions: Types of organic reactions, methods of determination of reaction mechanism.
Energy considerations. Curved arrow rotation, drawing electro movement with arrows, homolytic and heterolytic
bond breaking.
UNIT-II
Optical isomerism : Elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, optical activity, stereogenic
centres, enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres, diastereomers, meso compounds,
resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Relative and absolute configurations. Sequence rules. D, L and R, S
nomenelature.
Geometrical isomerism: E, Z system, geometrical isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds.
Saw-horse and flying wedge formulae, Fischer and Newman projections.
Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, methods of preparation. Baeyer's strain theory. Ring strain in cyclopropane and
cyclobutane. Conformational analysis of ethane, n-butane and cyclohexane.
UNIT-III
Alkanes: Nomenclature, methods of formation with special reference to Wurtz, Kolbe, Corey-House reactions and
decarboxylation. Physical properties and chemical reactions. Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes.
Alkenes: Nomenclature, methods of formation. Mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of
alkyl halides. Ragio-selectivity in alcohol-dehydration. Saytzeff's rule, Hofmann elimination.
Physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions. Mechanisms involved in hydrogenation,
electrophilic and free-radical additions. Markownikoff's rule. Hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction,
epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydrations, hydroxylation and oxidation, polymerization. Substitutions at allylic and
vinylic positions of alkenes. Industrial applications of ethylene and propene.
Alkynes: Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation, chemical reactions and acidity of
alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic and mucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation and
polymerization.
UNIT-IV
Halogen compounds : Alkyl halides – Nomenclature, methods of formationi, chemical reactions. Mechanism of
nucleophilic substitution reactions ( , ) with energy profile diagrams, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
Aryl halides – Methods of formation, nuclear and side chain reactions. Mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic
substitutions. Relative reactivities of alkyl halides versus allyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Synthesis and uses of DDT,
BHC and Freon.
Arenes and Aromaticity : Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Activating and deactivating substituents.
Orientation and ortho/para ratio. Structure of benzene and its stability, carbon-carbon bond lengths, resonance
structure, MO picture of benzene. Aromaticity-Huckel’s rule and aromatic ions. Mechanism of Aromatic
electrophilic substitutions, such as nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration and Frieded-Crafts reaction.
Energy profile diagrams. Birch reduction. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkylbenzenes,
alkynylbenzenes and biphenyl.
Page 4 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow
Core-I
B.Sc. Semester III CH-301( Organic Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70
UNIT-I
Electromagnetic Spectrum Absorption Spectra - Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy - absorption laws (Beer-Lambert
law); molar absorptivity, presentation and analysis of UV spectra, types of electronic transitions, effect of conjugation.
Concept of chromophore and auxochrome, Bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. U.V.spectra
of conjugated enes and enones.
Infrared (I.R.) absorption spectroscopy- Molecular vibrations, Hook's law, Selection rules, intensity and position of I.R. bands,
measurement of I.R. spectrum, fingerprint region, characteristic absorptions of various functional groups and interpretation of
I.R. spectra of simple organic compounds.
UNIT-II
Monohydric alcohols - Classification, nomenclature, methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic
acids and Esters, Hydrogen bonding, Acidic nature, Reactions of alcohols.
Dihydric alcohols - Nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions of vicinal glycols, oxidative cleavage [Pb(OAc)4
and HIO4] and pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement.
Trihydric alcohols - Nomenclature and methods of formation, chemical reactions of glycerol. Phenols:-Nomenclature,
structure and bonding, Preparation of phenols, physical properties and acidic character. Comparative acidic strengths of
alcohols and phenols, resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion. Reactions of phenols -electrophilic aromatic substitution,
acylation and carboxylation. Mechanisms of Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Gatterman synthesis, Hauben-
Hoesch reaction, Lederer-Manasse reaction and Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
UNIT- III
Ethers and Epoxides: Nomenclature of ethers and methods of their formation, physical properties. Chemical reactions -
cleavage and autoxidation, Ziesel's method. Synthesis of epoxides, Acid and base-catalyzed ring opening of epoxides,
orientation of epoxide ring opening, reactions of Grignard and organolithium reagents with epoxides.
Aldehydes & Ketones: Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl groups, synthesis of aldehydes and ketones with particular
reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of alkedydes and ketones using 1,3-dithianes, synthesis
of ketones from nitrites and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties. Mechanism of nucleophillic additions to carbonyl
group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel condensations, Condensation with ammonia and its
derivatives. Wittig reaction, Mannich reaction. Use of acetals as protecting group, Oxidation of aldehydes, Baeyer-Viliiger
oxidation of Ketones, Cannizzaro reaction, MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH4 and NaBH4 reductions. Halogenation
of enolizable ketones. An introduction to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.
UNIT-IV
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids, effects of substituents
on acid strength. Preparation of carboxylic acids, Reactions of carboxylic acids, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction, Synthesis of
acid chlorides, esters and amides. Reduction of carboxylic acids, Mechanism of decarboxylation. Methods of formation and
chemical reactions of halo acids,
Hydroxy acids: Malic, tartaric and citric acids. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of unsaturated monocarboxylic
acids. Dicarboxylic acids: Methods of formation and effect of heat and dehydrating agents.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Structure and nomenclature of acid chlorides, esters, amides (urea) and acid anhydrides. Relative
stability of acyl derivatives.
Physical properties, interconversion of acid derivatives by nucleophilic acyl substitution. Preparation of carboxylic acid
derivatives, chemical reactions. Mechanisms of esterification and hydrolysis (acidic and basic).
Organic Compounds of Nitrogen: Preparation of nitroalkanes and nitroarenes. Chemical reactions of nitroalkanes. Mechanisms
of nucleophilic substitution in nitroarenes and their reductions in acidic, neutral and alkaline media. Picric acid.
Amines and Diazonium salts: Reactivity, structure and nomenclature of amines, physical properties. Stereochemistry of
amines. Separation of a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Structural features effecting basicity of amines.
Amine salts as phase-transfer catalysts. Preparation of alkyl and aryl amines (reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles), reductive
amination of aldehydic and ketonic compounds. Gabriel -phthalimide reaction, Hofmann bromamide reaction. Reactions of
amines, electrophilic aromatic substitution in aryl amines, reactions of amines with nitrous acid. Synthetic transformations of
aryl diazonium salts, azo coupling.
Page 5 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow

Core-I
B.Sc. Semester IV CH-401( Inorganic Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I

Chemistry of Elements of First Transition Series: Characteristic properties of d-block elements.

Binary compounds (hydrides, carbides and oxides) of the elements of the first transition series and
complexes with respect to relative stability of their oxidation states, coordination number and
geometry.

Chemistry of Elements of Second and Third Transition series: General characteristics, comparative
treatment of Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta , Mo/W in respect of ionic radii, oxidation states, magnetic behavior,
spectral properties and stereochemistry.
UNIT-II

Coordination Compounds: Werner's coordination theory and its experimental verification, effective
atomic number concept, chelates, nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in
coordination compounds, valence bond theory of transition metal complexes.
UNIT-III

Chemistry of Lanthanide Elements: Electronic structure, oxidation states and ionic radii and
lanthanide contraction, complex formation, occurrence and isolation, cerie ammonium sulphate and
its analytical uses.
Chemistry of Actinides: Electronic conformation, oxidation states and magnetic properties,
chemistry of separation of Np, Pu and Am from U.

UNIT-IV

Oxidation and Reduction: Electrode potential, electrochemical series and its applications. Principles
involved in the extraction of the elements.
Acids and Bases : Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, the Lux-Flood, solvent system and Lewis concept of
acids and bases.
Non-aqueous Solvents: Physical properties of a solvent, types of solvents and their general
characteristics, Reactions in non-aqueous solvents with reference to liquid NH3 and liquid SO2.

Page 6 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow
Core-II
B.Sc. Semester IV CH-402(PhysicalChemistry) Max. Marks: 70
UNIT-I
Thermodynamics-I:
Definition of thermodynamic terms: System, surroundings etc. Types of systems, intensive and extensive properties. State and
path functions and their differentials. Thermodynamic process. Concept of heat and work.
First Law of Thermodynamics: Statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacity, heat capacities at constant
volume and pressure and their relationship. Joule's law - Joule-Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature. Calculation of
w,q, dU & dH for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible process.
Thermo chemistry: Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation - Hess's Law of heat summation and its applications. Heat of
reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume. Enthalpy of neutralization. Bond dissociation energy and its calculation
from thermo-chemical data, temperature dependence of enthalpy. Kirchhoff s equation.
UNIT- II
Thermodynamics-II
Second law of thermodynamics: Need for the law, different statements of the law. Carnot's cycle and its efficiency, Carnot's
theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature. Clapeyron-Clausius equation and its applications
Concept of entropy: Entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V & T, entropy as a function of P & T, entropy
change in physical change, Clausius inequality, entropy as a criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium change in ideal gases and
mixing of gases.
Gibbs and Helmholtz functions: Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz function (A) as thermodynamic quantities, A & G as
criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity, their advantage over entropy change. Variation of G and A with P, V
and T. Third law of thermodynamics: Nernst heat theorem, statement and concept of residual entropy. Nernst distribution law -
thermodynamic derivation, applications.
UNIT-III
Electrochemistry-I:
Electrical transport - Conduction in metals and in electrolyte solutions, specific conductanceand equivalent conductance,
measurement of equivalent conductance, variation of equivalentand specific conductance with dilution. Migration of ions
and Kohlrausch's law, Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation and its limitations, weak and strong electrolytes ,
Ostwald's dilution law its uses and limitations. Debye-Huckel-Onsager's equation for strong electrolytes (elementary
treatment only). Transport number, definition and determination by Hittorfs method and moving boundary method.
Applications of conductivity measurements: Determination of degree of dissociation, determination of Ka of acids,
determination of solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt, conductometric titrations.
UNIT-IV
Electrochemistry - II:
Types of reversible electrodes- Gas-metal ion, metal-ion, metal-insoluble salt-anion and redox electrodes. Electrode reactions,
Nernst equation, derivation of cell E.M.F. and single electrode
potential, standard hydrogen electrode reference electrodes- standard electrode potential, sign conventions, electrochemical
series and its significance.
Electrolytic and Galvanic cells- Reversible and irreversible cells, conventional representation of electrochemical cells. EMF of
a cell and its measurements- Computation of cell EMF. Calculation of thermodynamic quantities of cell reactions (G, H and
K) Concentration cell with and without transport, liquid junction potential, application of concentration cells, valency of ions,
solubility product and activity coefficient, potentiometric titrations. Definition of pH and pKa, determination of pH using
hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass electrodes by potentiometric methods.
Buffers - Mechanism of buffer action, Henderson-Hazel equation. Hydrolysis of salts.
Phase Equilibrium: Statement and meaning of the terms-Phase, Component and Degrees of Freedom, derivation of Gibbs
Phase rule: Phase equilibria of one component system-water and S systems, Phase equilibria of two component system-solid-
liquid equilibrium, Simple eutectic Bi-Cd, Pb-Ag systems, desilverisation of lead.
Solid Solution-Compound formation with congruent melting point (Mg-Zn) and incongruent melting point, (FeCl3-H2O) and
(CuSO4-H2O) systems.

Page 7 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow
Core-I
B.Sc. Semester V CH-501(Inorganic Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I

Matal-ligand bonding in Transition Metal Complexes: Limitation of valence bond theory, an

elementary idea of crystal field theory, crystal field splitting in octahedral, tetrahedral and square
planar complexes, factors effecting the crystal field parameters. Effect of CFSE on lattice energy,
Ionic radii.
UNIT-II

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Metal Complexes: A brief outline of thermodynamic

stability of metal complexes and factors affecting the stability. Substitution reaction of square
planar complexes. Trans effect.
Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes : Types of magnetic behaviour, methods of
determining magnetic susceptibility, spin only formula, L-S coupling, spectroscopic ground state.
Correlation of MS and Meff values. Orbital contribution to magnetic moments. Application of
magnetic moment data for 3d metal complexes.

UNIT-III

Organometallic Chemistry: Definition, types of organometallic compound and their general

methods of preparation. alkyls and aryls of Li, Al Hg, Mg, Sn. Metal carbonyls. 18 electron rule,
preparation, structure and nature of bonding in the mononuclear carbonyls.
Silicones and Phosphazenes: Silicones and Phosphazenes as examples of inorganic polymers,nature
of bonding in thiophosphazenes
UNIT-IV

Hard and Soft Acids and bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft.
Pearson's HSAB concept, acid base strength and hardness and softness. Symbiosis, theortical basis
of hardness and softness.
Bioinorganic Chemistry : Introduction, metalloenzyme / carboxypeptidase, carboxy-anhydrase.
Metalloporphyrens with special reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin (structure, cooperative
effect, Bohr's effect). Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions with specific reference
to Ca2+

Page 8 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow

Core-II
B.Sc. Semester V CH-502 (PhysicalChemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I

Introductory Quantum Mechanics : Black-body radiation, Plank's radiation law, photoelectric

effect, heat capacity of solids, Bohr's model of Hydrogen atom (no derivation) and its defects,
compton effect.
Physical Properties and Molecular Structure : Optical activity, polarization (clausius-Mossotti
equation), orientation of dipoles in an electric field, dipole moment, induced dipole moment,
measurement of dipole moment, temperature method and refractivity method, dipole moment and
structures of molecules, magnetic properties - paramagnetism, diamagnetism and ferromagnetism.

UNIT-II
Elementary Quantum Mechanics : de Broglie's hypothesis, the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,
Hamiltonian operator. Statement of Born-oppenheimer approximation, degree of freedom.
Schrodinger wave equation and its importance. Physical interpretation of wave function, postulates
of quantum mechanics, particle in one dimensional box. Schrodinger wave equation for H atom.
Separations into three equation (without derivation), quantum numbers and their importance like
wave function, radial wave functions, angular wave functions.

UNIT-III
Molecular orbital theory, basic ideas -criteria for forming M.Os.’ from A.Os.’ construction of
M.O's by LCAO – H2+ ion, calculation of energy levels from wave functions, physical picture of
bonding and antiboding wave functions, concept of orbitals and their characteristics
Hybrid Orbitals – sp, sp , sp , calculation of coefficients of A.O's used in sp and sp2 hybrid
2 3

orbitals. Introduction to valence bond model of H2, comparison of M.O. and V.B. models.

UNIT-IV
Solutions, Dilute Solutions and Colligative Properties : Ideal and non-ideal solutions, methods of
expressing concentration of solutions, activity and activity coefficient, Dilute solution, colligative
properties, Raoult's law, relative lowering of vapour pressure, molecular weight determination,
Osmosis, law of osmotic pressure and its measurement, determination of molecular weight from
osmotic pressure, Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Thermodynamic
derivation of relation between molecular weight and elevation in boiling point and depression in
freezing point. Experimental methods of determining various colligative properties. Abnormal
molar mass, degre of dissociation and association of solutes.

Page 9 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow
Core-I
B.Sc. Semester VI CH-601(Organic Chemistry) Max. Marks:70

UNIT-I
Spectrosocpy : Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): Spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance
(1H NMR) spectroscopy, nuclear shielding and deshielding. Chemical shifts and molecular structure, spin-
spin splitting and coupling constants, arears of signals, inerpretation of 'H NMR spectra of simple organic
molecules such as ethyl bromide, ethanol, accetaldehyde, 1, 1, 2 bibronoethane, ethyl acetate, toluens and
acetophenons. Problems pertaining to the structure
elucidation of simple organic compounds using UV, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques.
UNIT-II
Heterocyclic compounds
Introduction : Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristic of pyrrole, furan, thiophene and
pyridine, methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular emphasis on the mechanism of
electrophillic substitution, mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction in pyridine derivatives.
Comparison of basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole. Introduction to condensed five and six
membered heterocycles. Preparation and reactions of indols, quinoline and isoquinoline with special
reference to Fisher Indols synthesis, Skraup synthesis and Bischler – Nepieralski synthesis. Mechanism of
electrophilic substitution reaction of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.
Organometallic Compounds : Organomagnesium compounds : the Grigard reagents, formation, structure
and chemical reactions. Organozinc compounds; formation and chemical reactions. Organolithium
compound formation and chemical reactions.
UNIT-III

Carbohydrates: Classification and nomenclature, monosaccharides, mechanism of osazone formation,

interconversion of glucose and fructose, chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses. Configuration
of monosaccharides. Erythro and threo diastereomers, conversion of glucose into mannose. Formation of
glycoside Ethers and esters. Determination of ring size of monosaccharides. Cyclic structure of D(+)
glucose. Mechanism of mutarotation structure of ribose and deoxyribose. An introduction to diasacel
harides (maltose, sucrose, lactose) and polysaccharide/starch and cellulose) without involving structure
determination.

UNIT-IV
Amino Acids, peptides, proteins and Nucleic Acids : Classification, structure and sterochemistry of amino
acids. Acid-base behaviour, isoelectric point and electrophoresis, Preparation and reaction of a amino
acids, structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins. Classification of proteins, peptides structure
determination, and group analysis. Selective hydrolysis of peptides. Classical peptide synthesis, solid phase
peptide synthesis. Structure of peptides and proteins level of protein structures. Protein
denaturation/venaturation.
Nucleic Acids: Introduction, Classification of nucleic acids Riborueleosides and ribonucleotides. The
double helical structure of DNA.

Page 10 of 11

            
B.Sc. Chemistry syllabus, National P.G. College, Lucknow
Core-II
B.Sc. Semester VI CH-602(General Chemistry) Max. Marks: 70

UNIT-I
Spectroscopy :
Rotational Spectroscopy of Diatomic Molecules: Energy level of a rigid rotor (semi classical principles) selection
rules, spectral intensity, distribution using population distribution (Maxwell – Boltzman distribution) determination
of bond length, qualitative description of non rigid rotor, isotope effect.
Vibrational Spectrum - Infrared Spectrum : Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator, selection rules, pure
vibrational spectrum, intensity, determination of force constant and qualitative relation of force constant and bond
energies, effect of an harmonic motion and isotope on the spectrum, idea of vibrational frequencies of different
functional groups.
Raman Spectrum : Concept of polarizability, pure rotational and pure vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic
molecules, selection rules.
Electronic spectroscopy : Types of electronic transition, selection rule, application to transition etal complexes –
spectrochemical series, orgel energy level diagram for d1 and d9 states, discussion of electronic spectrum of
[Ti(H2O)6]3+ complexion.
UNIT-II

Fats, Oils and Detergents : Natural fats, edible and industrial oils of vegetable origin, common fatty acids,
glycerides, hydrogenation of unsaturated oils, soaponification value, iodine value, acid value, soaps, synthetic
detergents alkyl and aryl sulphonates.
Synthetic Polymers : Addition or chain-growth polymerization, Free radical vinyl polymerization, ionic vinyl
polymerization, Ziegler-Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers. Condensation or step growth polymerization.
Polyesters, polyamides, phenol formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resin, epoxy resins and polyurithanes.
Natural and synthetic rubbers.
UNIT-III

Synthetic Dyes: Colour and constitution / electronic concept classification of dyes. Chemistry and synthesis of
Methyl orange, conge red, Malachite green, crystal violet, phenophthalein, Fluorescin, Alizarin and Indigo.

Organic Synthesis via Enolate: Acidity of hydrogens, alkylation of diethyl malonates and ethyl acetoacetate.
Synthesis of ethyl acetoacetate : the claisen condensation, Kelo enol tautomerism of ethyl/acetoacetate. Alkylation
of 1,3 dithianes, Alkylation and acylation of enamines.

Organosulphur compounds: Nomenclature, structural, features, methods of formation and chemical reactions of
thiols thiocthers, sulphonic acids, sulphonamides and sulphaguanidene.

UNIT-IV

Photochemistry: Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes.
Laws of photochemistry, Grothus - Drapper law, stark – Einstein law, Jablonski diagram depicting various
processes occuring in the excited state, qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, nonradiative
processes (internal conversion, intersystem crossing), quantum yield, photosensitized reaction, energy transfer
processes (simple examples).

Page 11 of 11