Read the following passage carefully:
(1) The history of electricity goes back more than two thousand years. The Ancient Greeks
discovered that rubbing fur on amber caused an attraction between the two. By the 17th
century, many electricity-related discoveries had been made, such as the invention of an early
electrostatic generator, the differentiation between positive and negative currents, and the
classification of materials as conductors or insulators. In the year 1600, English physician
William Gilbert coined the term electric, from the Greek elektron, to identify the force that certain
substances exert when rubbed against each other. Fairly recently, researchers and archeologists
have discovered pots that they believe may have been ancient batteries meant to produce light
at ancient Roman sites.
(2) In 1800, Alessandro Volta constructed the voltaic pile (and early electric battery) that
produced a steady electric current. He also discovered that particular chemical reactions could
produce electricity. Volta also created the first transmission of electricity by linking positively
charged and negatively charged connectors and driving an electrical charge or voltage, through
them. In 1831, electricity became viable for use in technology, when Michael Faraday created
the electric dynamo (a crude power generator). This opened the door to Thomas Edison and his
discovery of the light bulb.
(3) Nikola Tesla was also an engineer, inventor and all-around electrical wizard. He was
an important contributor to the birth of commercial electricity, he had many revolutionary
developments in electromagnetism, and had competing patents with Marconi for the invention
of radio. He is well known for his work with alternating current (AC), AC motors, and the
polyphase distribution system.
(4) Today we cannot imagine a life without electricity. There is power failure for a few minutes
and we all [Link] generate power using water, coal both of which are becoming scarce.
Nuclear power and solar power are good alternatives to the above two. There are many
companies working and promoting solar power. Would Thomas Alva Edison or his successors
ever have imagined that what he invented would reach people through these various sources?
1) Read the questions given below and write the option you consider the most appropriate in
your answer sheet:
(a) In the year 1600, English physician William Gilbert coined the term electric from
________________.
(i) the word 'electricity'.
(ii) the Greek word 'elektron'.
(iii) the fact that it has electrons in it.
(iv) random names.
(b) The Voltaic pile is called such because it _________________.
(i) produces a steady electric current.
(ii) produces a steady stream of electrons.
(iii) conducts electricity.
(iv) it is radio active
(c) Pots were used by ancient Romans as (i) night lamps.
(ii) torches to light up the dark.
(iii) ancient batteries meant to produce light.
(iv) cooking vessels.
(d) Linking positively charged and negatively charged connectors and driving an electrical
charge, or voltage, through them creates
(i) light.
(ii) charge.
(iii) nuclear power.
(iv) a transmission of electricity.
(e)In 1831, electricity became viable
(i) for use in technology.
(ii) for use in locomotives.
(iii) for use in companies.
(iv) for use in manufacturing.
(f) Nikola Tesla was also an engineer, inventor, and also
(i) technician.
(ii) an all-around electrical wizard.
(iii) an accomplished scientist.
(iv) a teacher.
(g) The invention of radio is claimed by Marconi and
(i) Albert Einstein.
(ii) Isaac Newton.
(iii) Nikola Tesla.
(iv) Thomas Edison.
Read the passage carefully:
(1) In South Africa, Gandhiji set up an ashram at Phoenix, where he started a school for children.
Gandhiji had his own ideas about how children should be taught. He disliked the examination
system. In his school, he wanted to teach the boys true knowledge - knowledge that would
improve both their minds and their hearts.
(2) Gandhiji had his own way of judging students. All the students in the class were asked the
same question.
(3) But often Gandhiji praised the boy with low marks and scolded the one who had high marks.
(4) This puzzled the children. When questioned on this unusual practice, Gandhiji one day
explained, "I am not trying to show that Shyam is cleverer than Ram. So, I don't give marks on
that basis. I want to see how far each boy has progressed how much he has learnt. If a clever
student competes with a stupid one and begins to think no end of himself, he is likely to grow
dull. Sure of his own cleverness, he'll stop working. The boy who does his best and works hard
will always do well and so I praise him."
(5) Gandhiji kept a close watch on the boys who did well. Were they still working hard? What
would they learn if their high marks filled them with conceit? Gandhiji continually stressed this
to his students. If a boy who was not very clever worked hard and did well, Gandhiji was full of
praise for him.
(5) Gandhiji always believed that education should be all encompassing. He never wanted to
students to memorise certain facts and write it in the examination without understanding its
meaning. He strongly advocated 'learning by doing', what we today fancifully term as experiential
learning'. Only when children do activities do they learn the process behind it. As a student he
wondered why children have to write an exam. For him exams take away the joy of learning.
1) Read the questions given below and write the option you consider the most appropriate in
your answer sheet:
(a) Gandhiji disliked the examination system because
(i) he wanted to teach the boys true knowledge.
(ii) he didn't like the concept of education.
(iii) he felt it was useless.
(iv) he halted the concept of marks.
(b) In South Africa, Gandhiji set up an ashram at Phoenix, where
(i) he taught meditation.
(ii) he taught art.
(ii) he started a school for children.
(iv) he started a school for monks.
(c) Gandhiji didn't want to give marks because
(i) he disliked to humiliate weaker students.
(ii) he is not trying to show that Shyam is cleverer than Ram.
(iii) he thought marks were not important. (iv) he felt studies were not important.
(d) The boy who does his best and works hard will always do well and so
(i) he is the best student.
(ii) Gandhiji rewarded him.
(iii) he will succeed.
(iv) Gandhiji praised him.
(e) Gandhiji kept a close watch on the boys who did well because...
(i) he wanted them to continue working hard.
(ii) he wished they would not work hard.
(iii) he was jealous of them.
(iv) he wanted them to work even harder.
(f) The children were puzzled by Gandhiji because ...
(i) he scolded all the students in the class. (ii) he praised the boy with low marks and scolded the
one who had high marks.
(iii) he scolded the boys with low marks and praised the boy with high marks.
(iv) he did not scold any student.
(g) True knowledge, according to Gandhiji,
(i) knowledge that will impart wisdom.
(ii) knowledge that will help in practical living.
(iii) knowledge from books.
(iv) knowledge that would improve both their minds and their hearts.
