MIS606 Professional practice

Assessment 1

Social media impact on the Indian elections

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Abstract
As the social media has developed various features it has been widely used by most of the
individuals. It has provided a powerful platform for the end users for voicing out their
opinions. In order to analyse the impacts of lives in the social network like twitter through the
propagation of information, the main matter that has to be considered is the opinion of the
people. The polarity of the opinions has to be identified by the business for understanding the
orientation of the user which helps to make smart decisions. One of the applications is the
politics in which the opinion of the public has to be understood by the political entities for
determining the strategies for campaigning. Twitter is mostly used for the deliberation of
politics. The election result can be reflected based on the mere number of messages that
mentions the political party.
These data are mainly used for predicting the outcomes of the election which can be achieved
by using the sentimental analysis methods. The sentimental analysis can be performed in the
tweets in order to determining the polarity and also the inclination of the huge population
towards the particular item or entity or topics. The most popular algorithms for text
classification includes the naïve bayes, and SVM which uses the supervised learning
algorithms might require the data set for training purposes. This training data set helps to
perform the sentimental analysis in an excellent manner. By utilising these algorithms, the
classifiers can be built and the test data can be classified as positive data or negative data or
else neutral data. The formation of two stage framework for creating the training data from
the data mined from the twitter accounts can be used for predicting the election result based
on the scalable machine learning methods. The research methodology discussed in this paper
is based on the sentimental analysis and the qualitative data and the quantitative data are
obtained and analysed from the research articles. The research questions based on the
algorithms, data analysis techniques, tools, processes, languages etc are discussed for
providing information about the prediction of results. Conclusions, future recommendations
were also suggested for improving the performance of sentimental data analysis techniques.

Keywords
Twitter, sentimental analysis, K-nearest neighbour algorithms, data mining, predicting
results, social network, political parties, elections.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................4
2. Need for this investigation..................................................................................................5
3. Literature Review...............................................................................................................5
4. Aims and objectives............................................................................................................7
5. Research questions..............................................................................................................8
6. Methods..............................................................................................................................8
6.1. Data collection methods..............................................................................................8
6.2. Data analysis methods.................................................................................................9
7. Findings..............................................................................................................................9
8. Summary...........................................................................................................................12
9. Conclusion........................................................................................................................13
10. Recommendations.........................................................................................................13
11. References.....................................................................................................................15

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1. Introduction
Social media has been considered as an emerging and powerful tool for sharing the common
points by the people about their interests. The political events that include the elections is also
considered as one of the events which impresses several social media users. These users
usually share their thoughts, expressions and common view of points towards the political
party. They even argue and support for the political party which is functioning correctly
based on their views. The power of social media has been widely used for predicting the
results of the Indian elections as well as all type of elections through the twitter social media
as a tool. Several social medial analytic techniques have also been implemented for obtaining
better insights of the election results (Prabhsimran Singh, 2019).
Nowadays, social media are changing behaviour of information system by providing real
time access to this social media channels. There is no constraint for time and space. As this
social media creates large amount of unstructured data. So, there occurs problem in the data
analysis on the social media. Here we have chosen Twitter organization for this case. Twitter
is the social media channel which plays a vital role in the election result analysis process
(Priyavrat Chauhan, 2020). The data mining analysis is the business problem for twitter. This
business problem can be solved by using pattern analysis process. That means, we have to
analyse the tweets provided by the users for certain period of time. And this can be done by
using some data mining techniques. Main aim of this project is to create a better model for
predicting the election result using this social media twitter and to increase the validity of the
predicted result (Ali Hasan, 2018). The increase in popularity of the social media applications
such as the twitter might be used for sharing the thoughts of the person regarding the topic
that opens the arena to explore the popularity and sentiment of the people based on political
parties in India. The social media has provided numerous data that are related to the political
parties and political campaigns around various parts of the world. The analysis of election
results was analysed by the researchers before and after the commencement of elections.
Twitter is considered as an important forum for understanding the citizens sentiment in india
on various political parties like the BJP, Congress, AAP etc before the process of election
(Barkha Bansala, 2019). Based on the data sets obtained through the twitter it is possible to
obtain the emotions of the individuals in terms of anger, fear, joy, sad, surprise. Anticipation
and disgust that have been extracted from the individuals through the live opinion. The
election results are related to these emotions of the individuals and it is found that the valid
indicator of the political sentiments that can be feasible for using the social media for
predicting the results of the election is the tweets (Neetu Narwal, 2018)

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2. Need for this investigation
The development in the use of online users of the social media platform has been improved a
lot in the past decades. According to the world bank, nearly 34 percent of the Indian
population are very active in the internet usage. Nearly 500 million tweets were seen by the
twitter for a day and this is the usage of just one social media platform. These platforms are
used by the people for expressing their views on the various fields like business process,
products, events, marketing strategies etc. The social media platform like the twitter can be
used for analysing or predicting the election results based on their analysis. In india, these can
also be used as an advertisement or marketing strategy for the election campaigns which
makes the individuals to think of voting for the corresponding individual. In order to increase
the attraction of the people, the campaign posters and advertisements were also posted in the
social media platforms like twitter, Facebook etc. Based on the historic data, the relation
between the public opinion and the emotions can be obtained with the parties that campaigns
the timeliness and the hidden patterns. The prediction and analysing of the election results
based on the twitter can be achieved through sentiment analysis. This might help the
politicians and the people to predict the result of the future result and change their strategies,
schemes, plans and the campaigning methods that might be beneficial for the citizens and the
government. This helps to obtain the data based on the public opinion through prediction
(Asif Khan, 2021).

3. Literature Review
Mayank Saxena et.al, describe role of social media by changing sides of political factors in
India (Saxena, 2020). The digital sector has made enormous modification in every domain
but it acts effective for politics. The proposed method evolves function of strengthening
communication factor by reaching people advocacy through digital sectors for campaigns.
The digital media act as effective and fastest mode of communication process with
tremendous improvement through social sectors. According to research it has proven that Lok
Sabha election held in 2014 was a first social media-based election held in India with 1.2
billion strong giants. The research paper discusses about demographic factor of developing
social media propagated to deliver an efficient result. However, social media has
transparency and voice margin towards their attributes this might be inefficient for rural area
people. The social media has made transformation never before happened in political sectors
which has raised an effective result (M, 2020).

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Rant Sharmah et.al illustrate about experimentation of political activities such as election
through social media in Assam (Sharmah, 2020). The research process aims to provide
effective information by social media with special reference. This process has made a special
reference for Assam due to digital based election. The predominant marketing process was
done simple and effective through social media. A new approach of developing campaign
activities through social media such as Twitter, Facebook, you tube and Instagram plays a
major role. It has reach out tremendous outsource value propagated towards people by
developing awareness. These activities were undergone mostly in United States of America
but democratic country like India has implemented this activity for great extent. This
approach simplifies various aspect by easy process for interacting with political leaders. It has
optimized the process of manual campaign and marketing activities through social media.
The research process undergoes a source of activity to understand and manage political
campaign through digital sectors (Sharma, 2020).
Michael Bossetta explores functional value of social media platform and initiating about
scandal impacts (Bossetta, 2020). The aim of system to develops approach of managing
scandalous risk activities in social media. The system focusses on mitigating risk aspect
occurred in digital sector with tremendous outsource value for political purpose. The
implementation of system activity which respond for mitigating risk activities developed in
social media sector. The scandalous system is a programmatic process which is developed to
make further activity. The categorization of scandalous system is evolved through individual
phases to determine its objective at destination. It includes Introduction about activities or
functional value to be taken part in social media sector. This could evolve by determining
activities of platform features and digital protocols required for system approach to manage
activities. The end value of research process determines value of accomplishing scandal
design which extract a functional value of digital sector with actors. The key mechanism
followed towards system is conceptualized attributes of managing contemporary election
aspect (Bossetta, 2020).
Prabhsimran Singh et.al illustrate about analysis of election outcome through predictive
analysis in Twitter (Singh, 2020). An objective of design to explore a role of twitter in 2017
election held at Punjab. The proposed model of this research process is developed to gather
effective and quality result through consideration of tweets collected through analytic
techniques. It has been resulted out a defined structure of value evolved through hidden
information value. The analytic technique deployed is machine learning process evolved to
describe an effective and quality result as deliverables. The social media in terms act as
different platform source propagate their functional value through digital sectors. The
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research process has proven its value that social media act as vast source for processing
certain eventual attributes developed. This could be a tremendous approach to reach out
value in accordance with quality result. It acts as effective approach to stimulate quality result
which has been managed to act according with defined sector as major source of system
function statement established. The twitter serves an effective source to manage polling
activity according with defined structure (Singh, 2020).
Desirée Schmuck et.al describe social network participation in pre-election and post-election
approaches under social media analytics (Schumuk, 2020). The system aims to develop an
effective source for comparison of social media activities for election. The prediction of
stylistic element evolves a negative and positive attribute which has been evolved to
accomplish quality result. The social media has proven its value by defining quality attribute
as expertise platform to recognize its value as intermediate activities developed. It establishes
a quality outsource process insisted for social networking site to express their defined
activities according with distinct resultant sources. It penetrates to accomplish better
conceptualized elements developed for managing information about election by political
parties. In political sector, the digital mode of analysis approach has proven its defined sector
as milestone through digital sectors. This system ends by conveying informatics value of
result of predictive analysis through social media (Schmuck, 2020).

4. Aims and objectives

Here the twitter API is used for collecting the tweets of people about the political discussions
and about the election. This analysis may include all the characters, names, and other
information. But for sentiment analysis all this unnecessary information will be cleansed and
filtered. This research would also be going to include secondary data collection, where
various authors and perceptions regarding the election prediction results in Twitter using
various systematic mapping methods will be analysed. The main aim of this paper is to
predict the election results in india among various political parties by using the sentiment
analysis methods. The sentimental analysis on the social media like twitter data has been
considered as an effective tool for the purpose of monitoring the user preferences and also the
inclinations. The various schemes of the Indian government also help to provide the positive
polarities and they might include the GST, Demonetization, digital India, make in India, start-
up India, swacha Bharat, Kashmir, yoga day can be analysed for obtaining positive polarity
on the political parties (Akshi Kumar, 2019)

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5. Research questions
The research is mainly focussed on identifying the predictions that were made on the basis of
results that were collected through the twitter. The objective is classified into various research
questions that has to be solved on the basis of proposed methods.

RQ1: How the elections results can be predicted using twitter media?
In twitter media, the election results were predicted based on the K-means algorithm, which
helps to predict the results in an accurate manner. As the conversations are made based on the
real time follow up with the people the results can be predicted in an accurate and easy
manner.

RQ2: How the tweet analysis is made to predict the election result from the user account?
As several companies uses the data analysis techniques like the sentimental analysis for
analysing the thought of the users by capturing the information through tweets of their
accounts.

RQ3: What data mining process is used for data analysis of the tweets?
Sentimental analysis is used for analysing the data for making the tweeter analysis.

RQ4: What tool is used for predicting the election results?

VADER tools are used for collecting the information from the people based on both the
positive and negative tweets and this helps to predict the election results.

RQ5: In twitter prediction analysis what type of languages were included for tweet messages?
The natural language processing system act as an effective source to propagate data by
visualising data. It is preferred as a text language to deliver the ideas or opinion factor
developed according with distinct result.

6. Methods
6.1. Data collection methods
The data collection method of social media impact on the Indian elections is gathered through
Twitter. The Twitter acts as vast media which penetrate to collect tweets undergone for
election process in India (Andrews, 2020). The purpose of evolving this action plans to
predict the seat wining party by surveys and reviews through social media. This could be

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undergone as pre-election and post-election process to predict winning team through twitter
as centralized source. A research process has proven social media effect in Lok Sabha
election held at 2014. It illustrates an outcome of up to 1.4 billion data polls for India’s first
election process through social sector.

6.2. Data analysis methods

This type of data analysis evolved through social media is accomplished through qualitative
analysis of research process. The data analysis method is deployed to develop a social media
impact sustained through twitter for prediction of winning party. This type of predictive
analysis is possible through certain techniques and functional factor established by technique
sentiment analysis (Usha, 2020). The volume-based analysis act as other alternative source
deployed for this research process. The reason to choose twitter as a centralized system for
propagating data access due to openness of platform activity. This has proven its value by
triangulate research process of managing activities through qualitative value by certain
interviews.

7. Findings
RQ1: How the elections results can be predicted using twitter media?
As we know that the social media has been made as an important platform for the
communication process, there a numerous data available on this platform for the purpose of
analysis. The tweeter uses the similar topics and different emotions on the tweet messages. In
twitter media, the election results were predicted based on the K-means algorithm, which
helps to predict the results in an accurate manner. As the conversations are made based on the
real time follow up with the people the results can be predicted in an accurate and easy
manner. The sentimental analysis is mainly used for obtaining an idea on the mindsets of the
people and also for getting the emotions of the individual (Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry, 2021).
Each and every tweet can be segregated as appropriate emotions in this type of analysis. The
emotions thus obtained might be positive, negative or neutral but they convey the emotions of
the people. The methodology used by this algorithm might include two stages like the pre-
processing and the classification process. After the pre-processing stage it is possible to
create the corpus. The classification stage might require various algorithms like the logistic
regression, linear SVC, random forest classifier, Bernoulli naïve bayes, decision tree, voting
and K-nearest neighbour for the class8fication process. The linear regression might be used
for obtaining higher accuracy on the data set that is to be tested (Mary, Hema, Maheshprabhu,
& Guptha, 2021).

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RQ2: How the tweet analysis is made to predict the election result from the user
account?
As several companies uses the data analysis techniques like the sentimental analysis for
analysing the thought of the users by capturing the information through tweets of their
accounts. The data is retrieved and the special characters like the symbols, URLs are stripped
off for overcoming the noise in the pre-processing stage. After this stage the sentimental
analysis is made by applying the algorithms like SVM and Naïve bayes in order to classify
the pre-processed data. The supervised machine learning algorithm is used for support vector
machine which can be employed for the purpose of classification and regression. The idea of
finding the hyperplane for dividing the dataset unto two classes can be achieved through
SVM. A classification technique which is based on the bayes theorem is the Naïve bayes
might have an independence assumption among the predictors. The presence of features that
are unrelated to the other features can be assumed by the Naïve bayes classifier. These
algorithms help to classify the data based on the political parties. The sentiment analysis is
achieved by using the classified data that determines the polarity of the text data. The
sentiment analysis is usually made by using the words alone but in order to obtain accurate
results the sentiment analysis has to be done in whole sentence. Based upon the sentiment
such as positive, negative or neutral the polarity is given for the classified data for the
existing political party. The obtained results can be represented in the charts, graphs or tables
for all the parties. The results can be predicted by plotting the graphical representations of all
the major political parties in India (Madhura Shirodkar, 2020).
RQ3: What data mining process is used for data analysis of the tweets?
Sentimental analysis is used for analysing the data for making the tweeter analysis. The
opinion of the people based on the schemes of the Indian government are compared in order
to evaluate the schemes used for the reputation of the government by using the sentimental
analysis. The datasets of the social media twitter are collected based on the particular
schemes of the government and also based on its polarity of sentiments. As the use of internet
has been increased due to its popularity among all the individuals it is easier for the people to
express their opinions and thoughts based on all the incidents particularly on the elections
(Chatterjee, 2020). The opinion of the people, sentiments, evaluations and the attitudes can be
studied through the process of sentimental analysis and also through opinion mining from the
written languages in English. The recent opinions are classified into various categories on the
basis of the datasets obtained from twitter and polarity of the schemes either it is positive or
negative or neutral. The sentimental analysis can be used for predicting the elections in India
through the sentimental analysis score techniques. The sentimental analysis might use the
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computational evaluations based on the opinion, feedback, discussions and the emotions that
were found in the text. Based on the text, it is necessary to find out the sentence polarity that
are meaningful. The process of sentimental analysis might over the twitter accounts might
provide an efficient and fastest method for measuring the feeling of the public about the
politicians and the party to the people. By obtaining the datasets of the twitter for the past
three years it is possible to analyse the results based on the polarity and data. The meaningful
patterns that were obtained might help to predict the results of the election (Kalpdrum Passi,
2022). The sentimental classifiers were also used to find the sentiments of the political parties
based on the real time tweets. It is necessary for the political parties to understand the opinion
of the public which helps them to determine the strategy for their campaigns (Naiknaware &
Kawathekar, 2018).
RQ4: Which tools are used for election result prediction?
The tool used for election result prediction process is done through twitter analysis for
effective result. The process of undergoing effective analysis approach is demonstrated
through twitter as substantial system. This approach acts as efficient source to deliver quality
result factor propagated through defined sector to manage activities and required outcome. To
sustain quality result in election prediction activity would be effective through twitter as
major tool. This approach acts as defined process to propagate value of excellence service
factor. It would be possible to sustain quality attribute of open platform and easy access for
gathering data. This could be sufficient for individual without any restriction followed
beyond their activities accomplished. The prediction process acts as major element due to
various types of political parties emerges in election. The seat wining party would be
predicted through certain surveys undergone in social network Twitter such as tool. This
approach penetrates to act according with quality resultant value established for managing
distinct outsource value. The researchers have proven their values to propagate activities by
prediction analysis for quality outsource value. It has been demonstrated to accomplish
defined sector with efficient and expected result towards various predictive policies.
RQ5: What are the languages of tweets is used for twitter prediction analysis?
In general, the language of tweet is text or group of characters developed to form a message
of statement with proper meaning. This is usually called as tweet or tweets if many text were
involved. The prediction analysis has gathered major part of peoples through twitter with
volume-based research outsource factors. It develops an extensive development of managing
distinct result with effective and efficient result. The predictive analysis of state of art
analysis deals with twitter to determine required analysis. The language of tweets deployed
for twitter prediction analysis is done through sentiment analysis. The sentiment analysis is
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an effective technique with automated process propagated to determine attitudes of mining
process, views option and propagated to accomplish quality resultant value (Naiknaware &
Kawathekar, Prediction of 2019 Indian Election Using Sentiment Analysis, 2018). This
approach has made a major part of emotional activity through tweets and other natural
language processing system. It has evolved by determining text which has tweeted as positive
or negative value depends on text factors. The natural language processing system act as an
effective source to propagate data by visualising data. It is preferred as a text language to
deliver the ideas or opinion factor developed according with distinct result. This approach act
as a source for determining feedback of defined parties of election process. For these reasons,
predictive analysis of system is applicable through sentiment approach with natural language
process. This research has evolved a deterministic categorization of events when considered
with tremendous outsource process of election result.

8. Summary
 We have analysed various methods for predicting the election results in India based
on sentimental analysis in the Twitter social media platform.
 Social media has transparency and voice margin towards their attributes this might be
inefficient for rural area people. The social media has made transformation never
before happened in political sectors which has raised an effective result (Rakesh R.
Mallipeddi, 2021).
 It has optimized the process of manual campaign and marketing activities through
social media. The research process undergoes a source of activity to understand and
manage political campaign through digital sectors.
 The value of accomplishing scandal design has been determined for extracting the
functional value of digital sector with actors. The key mechanism followed towards
system is conceptualized attributes of managing contemporary election aspect (Arpit
Khare, 2021).
 A tremendous approach has been used for reaching out value in accordance with
quality result. It acts as effective approach to stimulate quality result which has been
managed to act according with defined sector as major source of system function
statement established. The twitter serves an effective source to manage polling
activity according with defined structure.
 A better conceptualized elements can be developed for managing information about
election by political parties. In political sector, the digital mode of analysis approach

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has proven its defined sector as milestone through digital sectors. This system ends by
conveying informatics value of result of predictive analysis through social media.

9. Conclusion
Based on our analysis, the sentiment analysis was made in the twitter for the election in
Indian that includes the major parties and their candidates. The tweets from the user were
extracted from the archiver of the twitter for nearly four months on the basis of keywords and
hashtags that are related to the trend. These can be observed during the period of election in
order to express the opinion of the individuals. The noise in the textual twitter data can be
pre-processed or filtered the pre-processing steps has to be performed. This process might
include the cleaning of the raw tweets obtained from tweet archives, mapping the tweets
along with the corresponding parties and the candidates for analysing the results. This might
help to generate the tweets that are more accurate for enabling the calculation of polarities in
the tweets in a precise manner. A model is also proposed in this paper for performing the
sentiment analysis on the dataset that are linguistic. This dataset might highlight the usage of
the VADER sentiment analyse which is attuned for calculating the text polarity in the twitter.
This tool is used instead of the tradition approach which is based on the dictionary for
maintaining the wordnet for the polarity keywords which or either positive or negative or
neutral. In the recent elections held in 2019, provided higher polarities for the BJP party than
compared to other political parties in India. The results obtained through the sentiment
analysis is based on the election results that made BJP as the winning party. This assessment
concludes that the process of sentiment analysis and the opinion mining helped the
individuals to understand on the campaign response and also about the leading parties in the
election. The political parties and the politicians target the user through the campaigns
conducted via the social media platforms like twitter in a professional manner.

10. Recommendations
The data analytics has to be analysed for the voter data based on the campaigns in the
election and they can be connected to the voters through the social media. Although there
were several strategies that discusses the impacts of social media in the election, it is also
recommended to implement the following concepts in the future work.
 It is recommended to include the concept of data extraction in order to increase the
tweet distribution for the parties and the candidates.

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 The changes must be made to the data extraction techniques based on the advanced
frameworks of big data. This might use the event processing engines for processing
the huge data.
 The advancement in technologies must be implemented for the growth in digitisation
process which makes the text size of social media data and this can be used for
performing the processes like extraction, transformation and loading the data in real-
time.
 It is necessary to distinguish the tweets based on its subjective and objective behavior
by using the initial filters that helps to classify the sentiments.
 An elaborated method can be developed by considering the texts of the context and
also by using the synonyms.
 The datasets can be created by using the distribution of tweets in a balanced manner
from the different types of classes that uses the balancing algorithm.

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