Online Internship Program

Reflection Paper on the

Webinar of
"THE PNP ANTI- TERRORISM
PROGRAM AND PROTECTION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS "

Batch “DIMATINAG”
2 Semester S.Y. 2021 – 2022
nd

Submitted by:

CI CHRISTIAN ALLEN S. LOPENA

BS Criminology
Human rights is moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of
human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in municipal and
international law. Everyone born in this world have human rights that must be
protected by the law. According to United Nations, there are 30 basic human
rights that recognized around the world. So what are the 30 human rights
according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights by United Nations? Basic
human rights recognized around the world delacred by United Nations through
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These declaration held by United
Nations General Assembly at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France on 10
December 1948. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in
favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote. This declaration
consists of 30 articles affirming an individual’s rights. Those 30 articles currently
known as 30 universal declaration of human rights or 30 basic human rights,
including rights to life, rights to education, rights to organize and rights to treated
fair among others things. The 30 universal human rights also cover up freedom
of opinion, expression, thought and religion. Here are full list of 30 human rights
according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by United Nations,
signed in Paris on 10 December 1948. 1. All human beings are free and equal All
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed
with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood. 2. No discrimination Everyone is entitled to all the rights and
freedoms, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs. 3. Right to life Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
person. 4. No slavery No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and
the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. 5. No torture and inhuman
treatment No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment. 6. Same right to use law Everyone has the right to
recognition everywhere as a person before the law. 7. Equal before the law All
are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation and against any incitement to such discrimination. 8.
Right to treated fair by court Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the
competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him
by the constitution or by law. 9. No unfair detainment No one shall be subjected
to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. 10. Right to trial Everyone is entitled in full
equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in
the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against
him. 11. Innocent until proved guilty Everyone charged with a penal offence has
the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public
trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. No one
shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which
did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time
when it was committed. 12. Right to privacy No one shall be subjected to
arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to
attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection
of the law against such interference or attacks. 13. Freedom to movement and
residence Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within
the borders of each state. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including
his own, and to return to his country. 14. Right to asylum Everyone has the right
to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. This right may
not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political
crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
15. Right to nationality Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be
arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality
16. Rights to marry and have family Men and women of full age, without any
limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found
a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at
its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent
of the intending spouses. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of
society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. 17. Right to own
things Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. 18. Freedom of
thought and religion Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience
and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and
freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to
manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. 19.
Freedom of opinion and expression Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion
and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference
and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and
regardless of frontiers. 20. Right to assemble Everyone has the right to freedom
of peaceful assembly and association. No one may be compelled to belong to an
association. 21. Right to democracy Everyone has the right to take part in the
government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. 22. Right
to social security Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social
security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-
operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State,
of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the
free development of his personality. 23. Right to work Everyone has the right to
work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and
to protection against unemployment. Everyone, without any discrimination, has
the right to equal pay for equal work. Everyone has the right to form and to join
trade unions for the protection of his interests. 24. Right to rest and holiday
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay. 25. Right of social service
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-
being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical
care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of
livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are
entitled to special care and assistance. All children shall enjoy the same social
protection. 26. Right to education Everyone has the right to education. Education
shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary
education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be
made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all
on the basis of merit. 27. Right of cultural and art Everyone has the right freely to
participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in
scientific advancement and its benefits. Everyone has the right to the protection
of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic
production of which he is the author. 28. Freedom around the world Everyone is
entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set
forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. 29. Subject to law Everyone has
duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his
personality is possible. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall
be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the
purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of
others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the
general welfare in a democratic society. 30. Human rights can’t be taken away
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or
person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. So those are all
Universal Declaration of Human Rights list by United Nations General Assembly.
All universal human rights list above commonly known as 30 basic human rights
that must be respected and protected by the law. The PNP must protect Human
Rights because this task lies at the very core of maintaining peace and order.
Ensuring public safety, and upholding the rule of law in the country. It can be said
that Human Rights Protection is the First Business of Policing. They are not a
recent invention - ideas about rights and responsibilities have been an important
part of all societies throughout history. Since the end of World War II, there has
been a united effort by the nations of the world to decide what rights belong to all
people and how they can best be promoted and protected. Every person has
dignity and value. One of the ways that we recognise the fundamental worth of
every person is by acknowledging and respecting their human rights. Human
rights are a set of principles concerned with equality and fairness. They
recognise our freedom to make choices about our lives and to develop our
potential as human beings. They are about living a life free from fear, harassment
or discrimination. Human rights can broadly be defined as a number of basic
rights that people from around the world have agreed are essential. These
include the right to life, the right to a fair trial, freedom from torture and other
cruel and inhuman treatment, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the
rights to health, education and an adequate standard of living. These human
rights are the same for all people everywhere – men and women, young and old,
rich and poor, regardless of our background, where we live, what we think or
what we believe. This is what makes human rights ‘universal’. Human rights
connect us to each other through a shared set of rights and responsibilities. A
person’s ability to enjoy their human rights depends on other people respecting
those rights. This means that human rights involve responsibility and duties
towards other people and the community. Individuals have a responsibility to
ensure that they exercise their rights with consideration for the rights of others.
For example, when someone uses their right to freedom of speech, they should
do so without interfering with someone else’s right to privacy. Governments have
a particular responsibility to ensure that people are able to enjoy their rights.
They are required to establish and maintain laws and services that enable people
to enjoy a life in which their rights are respected and protected. For example, the
right to education says that everyone is entitled to a good education. This means
that governments have an obligation to provide good quality education facilities
and services to their people.
Whether or not governments actually do this, it is generally accepted that this is
the government's responsibility and people can call them to account if they fail to
respect or protect their basic human rights. Human rights cover virtually every
area of human activity. They include civil and political rights, which refer to a
person’s rights to take part in the civil and political life of their community without
discrimination or oppression. These include rights and freedoms such as the right
to vote, the right to privacy, freedom of speech and freedom from torture. The
right to vote and take part in choosing a government is a civil and political right.
They also include economic, social and cultural rights, which relate to a person’s
rights to prosper and grow and to take part in social and cultural activities. This
group includes rights such as the right to health, the right to education and the
right to work. The right to education is an example of an economic, social and
cultural right. One of the main differences between these two groups of rights is
that, in the case of civil and political rights, governments must make sure that
they, or any other group, are not denying people access to their rights, whereas
in relation to economic, social and cultural rights, governments must take active
steps to ensure rights are being fulfilled.  As well as belonging to every individual,
there are some rights that also belong to groups of people. This is often in
recognition of the fact that these groups have been disadvantaged and
marginalised throughout history and consequently need greater protection of
their rights. These rights are called collective rights. For example, Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander peoples possess collective rights to their ancestral lands,
which are known as native title rights.  Rights that can only apply to individuals,
for example the right to a fair trial, are called individual rights. Human rights are
not a recent invention. Throughout history, concepts of ethical behaviour, justice
and human dignity have been important in the development of human societies.
These ideas can be traced back to the ancient civilisations of Babylon, China and
India. They contributed to the laws of Greek and Roman society and are central
to Buddhist, Christian, Confucian, Hindu, Islamic and Jewish teachings.
Concepts of ethics, justice and dignity were also important in societies which
have not left written records, but consist of oral histories such as those of
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia and other indigenous
societies elsewhere.  Ideas about justice were prominent in the thinking of
philosophers in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. An
important strand in this thinking was that there was a 'natural law' that stood
above the law of rulers. This meant that individuals had certain rights simply
because they were human beings. In 1215, the English barons forced the King of
England to sign Magna Carta (which is Latin for ‘the Great Charter’). Magna
Carta was the first document to place limits on the absolute power of the king
and make him accountable to his subjects. It also laid out some basic rights for
the protection of citizens, such as the right to a trial. Significant development in
thinking about human rights took place in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, during a time of revolution and emerging national identities.  The
American Declaration of Independence (1776) was based on the understanding
that certain rights, such as ‘life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness', were
fundamental to all people. Similarly, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man
and the Citizen (1789) challenged the authority of the aristocracy and recognised
the ‘liberty, equality and fraternity' of individuals. These values were also echoed
in the United States’ Bill of Rights (1791), which recognised freedom of speech,
religion and the press, as well as the right to ‘peaceable' assembly, private
property and a fair trial. he nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw
continuing advances in social progress, for example, in the abolition of slavery,
the widespread provision of education and the extension of political rights.
Despite these advances, international activity on human rights remained weak.
The general attitude was that nations could do what they liked within their
borders and that other countries and the broader international community had no
basis for intervening or even raising concerns when rights were violated.  This is
expressed in the term ‘state sovereignty’, which refers to the idea that whoever
has the political authority within a country has the power to rule and pass laws
over that territory. Importantly, countries agree to mutually recognise this
sovereignty. In doing so, they agree to refrain from interfering in the internal or
external affairs of other sovereign states.  However, the atrocities and human
rights violations that occurred during World War II galvanised worldwide opinion
and made human rights a universal concern. During World War II millions of
soldiers and civilians were killed or maimed. The Nazi regime in Germany
created concentration camps for certain groups - including Jews, communists,
homosexuals and political opponents. Some of these people were used as slave
labour, others were exterminated in mass executions. The Japanese occupation
of China and other Asian countries was marked by frequent and large-scale
brutality toward local populations. Japanese forces took thousands of prisoners
of war who were used as slave labour, with no medical treatment and inadequate
food. The promotion and protection of human rights became a fundamental
objective of the Allied powers. In 1941, U.S. President Roosevelt proclaimed the
'Four Freedoms' that people everywhere in the world ought to enjoy - freedom of
speech and belief, and freedom from want and fear. The war ended in 1945, but
only after the destruction of millions of lives, including through the first and only
use of atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Many countries were
devastated by the war, and millions of people died or became homeless
refugees. This new organisation was the United Nations, known as the
UN, which came into existence in 1945.As the war drew to a close, the victorious
powers decided to establish a world organisation that would prevent further
conflict and help build a better world. Values of tolerance, equality and respect
can help reduce friction within society. Putting human rights ideas into practice
can helps us create the kind of society we want to live in. In recent decades,
there has been a tremendous growth in how we think about and apply human
rights ideas. This has had many positive results - knowledge about human rights
can empower individuals and offer solutions for specific problems.  Human rights
are an important part of how people interact with others at all levels in society - in
the family, the community, schools, the workplace, in politics and in international
relations. It is vital therefore that people everywhere should strive to understand
what human rights are. When people better understand human rights, it is easier
for them to promote justice and the well-being of society. A person's human
rights cannot be taken away. In its final Article, the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights states that no State, group or person '[has] any right to engage in
any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and
freedoms set forth herein'. This doesn't mean that abuses and violations of
human rights don't occur. On television and in newspapers every day we hear
tragic stories of murder, violence, racism, hunger, unemployment, poverty,
abuse, homelessness and discrimination. However, the Universal Declaration
and other human rights treaties are more than just noble aspirations. They are
essential legal principles. To meet their international human rights obligations,
many nations have incorporated these principles into their own laws. This
provides an opportunity for individuals to have a complaint settled by a court in
their own country.  Individuals from some countries may also be able to take a
complaint of human rights violations to a United Nations committee of experts,
which would then give its opinion. In addition, education about human rights is
just as important as having laws to protect people. Long term progress can really
only be made when people are aware of what human rights are and what
standards exist.