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SCIENCE
Quarter 4:
Week 6

Department of Education - MIMAROPA Region

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9
SCIENCE
Quarter IV – Week 6
Generation, Transmission,
and Distribution of Electrical Energy

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 9
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV - Week 6: Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electrical
Energy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City

Development Team of the Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Jinky U. Padon

Content Editors: Honeychrise T. Concepcion and Daniel C. Tabinga Jr.

Language Editors: Anna Marie C. Bontogon and Minnie Maisie S. Salanga

Proofreader: Minnie Maisie S. Salanga

Reviewers: Rolando A. Taha EdD, Melvin A. Marmol

Illustrator: Daniel C. Tabinga Jr.

Layout Artist: Rona Grace U. Fernandez

Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Loida P. Adornado PhD, ASDS
Cyril C. Serador PhD, CID Chief
Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager
Rolando A. Taha EdD, EPS-Science
Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II
Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II

Division Quality Assurance Team: Ronald S. Brillantes, Liezl O. Arosio,

Carissa M. Calalin, Carmencita B. Daculap, Meguilito D. Campillos,
Leslie O. Pulanco, and Llewelyn Anne M. Venturillo

Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)

Sta. Monica Heights, Bgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone No.: (048) 434 9438
Email Address: puertoprincesa@[Link]
Lesson 1
Generation, Transmission,
and Distribution of Electrical Energy
MELC: Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted, and distributed.
(S9FE-IVh-j-46)

Objectives:
1. Describe how electricity is generated from power plants (hydroelectric, geothermal,
wind and nuclear).
2. Explain how electricity is transmitted in cables/wires and distributed in houses to
supply power to appliances.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
before each number.
___1. Zamantha turned on a lamp in her room. Which of the following is the correct path
of electrical power that can be traced back to the source?
A. distribution substations→transmission substations→power plants→residences
B. power plant→transmission substations→distribution substations→residences
C. residences→distribution substations→power plants→transmission substations
D. transmission substations→power plants→residences→distribution substations

___2. Transformers are used to raise the voltage along substations so it can travel long
distances. What kind of transformers are used to raise the voltage?
A. Step-down B. Step-up C. Both A & B D. Neither of the two

___3. Which energy transformation takes place in a generator?

A. chemical to mechanical C. heat to mechanical
B. electrical to mechanical D. mechanical to electrical

___4. Which of the following parts of a power plant is responsible for increasing or
decreasing the voltage of alternating current?
A. Generator B. Reservoir C. Transformer D. Turbine

___5. Which of the following power plants uses the force of falling water to generate
electricity?
A. Agus 1 B. Bataan Plant C. Tiwi Plant D. Wind Farm

___6. Which of the following power source does not require generators?
A. Geothermal B. Hydroelectric C. Solar D. Wind

___7. Which type of energy increases as the water falls from the reservoir?
A. Kinetic B. Potential C. Sound D. Thermal
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___8. Which of the following units is used by electric companies to measure electrical
consumption?
A. kilowatt hour B. volt C. megawatt D. kilowatt
___9. Which of the following is the standard AC voltage in the Philippines?
A. 110 V B. 210 V C. 220 V D. 240 V

___10. Before electricity enters a home, the voltage is lowered for residential consumption.
What kind of transformers are used to lower the voltage?
A. Step-down B. Step-up C. Both A & B D. Neither of the two

Let’s Explore and Discover

Hello Learners! Do you have a mobile phone, laptops or any appliances? Electricity
powers all our gadgets and appliances at home. Electricity is the flow of electrical power
or charge. It is both a basic part of nature and one of the most widely used forms of
energy.

Today, we will focus on explaining how electrical energy is generated, transmitted,

and distributed from the power plants (hydroelectric, geothermal, wind and nuclear) to
our home.

Are you ready? Heads up, focus, and let us get to know how electricity is produced
in a power station and how it is transferred from one place to another. Enjoy learning!

Look at the picture below. Have you ever wondered how electricity reaches us from
the electric power plant?

Distribution lines shown above can be an eyesore. But these jumbled wires provide
us the path for electricity to flow from the power stations to our homes. Now, let us find out
the processes that electricity must go through to reach us.

(Source: Susan T. Sta. Ana et al., Exploring the Realms of Science 9. Valenzuela City:
JO-ES Publishing House, Inc., 2016, 284.)

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How is electricity generated?

Electricity is generated or produced by turning or rotating turbines. These turbines

can be rotated by any means or various sources of energy which in turn generates electricity
to our households.

1. Hydroelectric Power Plant

As water falls from the reservoir, its

kinetic energy increases, as it flows very
fast. The falling stream of water turns a
fan-like device called a turbine, which is
connected to the generator’s shaft. The
rotation of the shaft turns powerful
electromagnets that are surrounded by
the coil of copper wires. The coil is
connected to a step-up transformer that
sends high-voltage current to power
lines.
Example: Agus 1 Hydroelectric Plant
in Maria Cristina Falls, Iligan City.

(Source: Liza A. Alvarez et al., Science Grade-9

Learners Module. Pasig City,
Department of Education, 2014, 188-195.)

2. Geothermal Power Plant

1. Hot water is pumped from deep

underground through a well under high
pressure.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the
pressure is dropped, which causes the
water to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is
connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
4. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and
condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the
Earth to begin the process again.
Example: Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant in
Tiwi, Albay.

3. Wind Power

1. As the wind blows over the blades of a

wind turbine, it causes the blades to lift
and rotate.
2. The rotating blades turn a shaft that is
connected to a generator.
3. The generator creates electricity as it
turns.
Example: In the Philippines, the first
windmill farm was inaugurated on June
18, 2005 and the Phase II on June 2008
at Bangui Bay, Ilocos Norte.

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4. Nuclear Power Plant

1. In a nuclear reactor, fuel rods full of

uranium pellets are placed in water.
2. Inside the fuel rods, uranium atoms split,
releasing energy.
3. This energy heats water, creating a
steam.
4. The steam moves through a turbine,
which turns a generator to create
electricity.
The steam cools back into water, which can
then be used over again. In some nuclear
power plants, extra heat is released from a
cooling tower.
Example: The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
(BNPP) in Bataan. However, the government
decided not to operate the plant because of
the fear that a nuclear disaster might
happen there.

(Source: “A Student’s Guide to Global Climate Change,” Environmental Protection Agency,

Accessed March 31, 2021, [Link]
solutions/technologies/[Link]#:~:text=heat%20for%20buildings.
Geothermal%20Power%20Plants,hot%20water%20to%20the%20surface.
&text=The%20steam%20spins%20a%20turbine,and
%20condenses%20back%20to%20water)

Other sources of energy in power plants include steam from burning fossil fuels,
solar, and ocean tides.

Each source provides the energy of motion to turbines then to the generators,
producing electrical energy. Power plants, in general, use generators to convert kinetic
energy into electrical energy.

How is Electricity Transmitted and Distributed?

All the poles and wires you see along the highway and in front of your house are
called electrical transmission and distribution system.
Here's how electricity gets to your house:

1. Electricity is generated in the power

plant by hydroelectric, nuclear,
wind, solar or geothermal energy.

2. The turbine spins a huge magnet

inside a copper wire. Heat energy
converts to mechanical energy which
then converts to electrical energy in
the generator.

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3. Electricity flows from the power
plant through wires to the step-up
transformer. The transformer raises
the voltage so it can travel long
distances – it is raised to as high as
756,000 volts.

4. The electric current then runs

through the power lines to the
substation transformer where
voltage is lowered between 2000 and
13000 volts.

5. Electricity is then taken through the

lines to a pole transformer – or a
transformer box if underground –
then the voltage is lowered again to
120 or 220 or 240 volts.

6. From there, electricity comes into

your home through a service box,
where your meter is located to
measure electrical consumption.
Wires take electricity around your
home, powering your lights and all
your other electrical appliances.

(Source: Liza A. Alvarez et al., Science Grade-9 Learner’s Module. Pasig City,
Department of Education, 2014, 328-329.)

The Palawan Electric Cooperative (PALECO) distribute electricity in Puerto Princesa

City and Palawan. They can distribute about 45-75 Megawatts of electricity throughout the
province.

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Let’s Practice
Activity 1
Directions: Find and circle the words from the box. Then, color it.

ELECTRICITY POWER PLANT

GENERATOR RESERVOIR

GEOTHERMAL TRANSFORMER

HYDROELECTRIC TURBINE

NUCLEAR WIND

Activity 2
Directions: Identify the type of power plant that the picture represents. Choose your
answer from the box below and write it on the space provided.

Geothermal Hydroelectric Nuclear Solar Wind

1. ____________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ______________________

4. ______________________ 5. _______________________

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Let’s Do More
Activity 1

Activity 1
Directions: Match the descriptions of the components of power transmission and
distribution in column A with the pictures in column B. Write only the letter
of your answer on the space provided before each number.

Column A Column B
_______1. Electricity flows from the power plant A.
through wires to the step-up
transformer. The transformer raises the
voltage so it can travel long distances – it
is raised as high as 756,000 volts.

_______2. Electricity is generated in the power B.

plant by hydroelectric, nuclear, wind or
geothermal energy.

_______3. The electric current then runs through C.

the power lines to the substation
transformer where voltage is lowered to
between 2000 and 13000 volts.

_______4. The turbine spins a huge magnet inside D.

a copper wire. Heat energy converts to
mechanical energy which then converts
to electrical energy in the generator.

_______5. From there, electricity comes into your E.

home through a service box, where your
meter is located to measure your
electrical consumption. Wires take
electricity around your home, powering
your lights and all your other electrical
appliances.

_______6. Electricity is then taken through the F.

lines to a pole transformer – or a
transformer box if underground – then
the voltage is lowered again to 120 or 220
or 240 volts.

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Activity 2
Directions: Arrange the illustrations below from numbers 1 to 6 to show the path of
electricity from the generating station, transmission station and to residential
areas.

A._________________ B._____________________ C. ___________________

D. _______________ E. _____________________ F. ___________________

Let’s Sum It Up

Directions: Complete the statement with the correct answer. Choices are given inside the
parentheses. Underline your answer.

Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a basic part of nature and
one of the most widely ① (unused / used) forms of energy. The energy generated by falling
water is used by water turbines to rotate large generators at a
② (hydroelectric power plant / nuclear power plant).
Power plants in general, use ③ (generators / inhalators) to convert ④ (kinetic
energy / potential energy) into electrical energy. All the poles and wires you see along the
⑤ (subway / highway) and in front of your house are called electrical transmission and
distribution system.

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Let’s Assess
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
before each number.

___1. Which energy transformation takes place in a generator?

A. chemical to mechanical C. heat to mechanical
B. electrical to mechanical D. mechanical to electrical

___2. Which of the following parts of a power plant is responsible for increasing or
decreasing the voltage of alternating current?
A. Generator B. Reservoir C. Transformer D. Turbine

___3. Which of the following power plants uses the force of falling water to generate
electricity?
A. Agus 1 B. Bataan Plant C. Tiwi Plant D. Wind Farm

___4. Transformers are used to raise the voltage along substations so it can travel long
distances. What kind of transformers are used to raise the voltage?
A. Step-down B. Step-up C. Both A & B D. Neither of the two

___5. Zamantha turned on a lamp switch in her room. Which of the following is the correct
path of electrical power that can be traced back to the source?
A. distribution substations→transmission substations→power plants→residences
B. power plant→transmission substations→distribution substations→residences
C. residences→distribution substations→power plants→transmission substations
D. transmission substations→power plants→residences→distribution substations

___6. Which of the following agency takes charge on electrical energy distribution in
Palawan?
A. BALECO B. MERALCO C. PALECO D. TELCO

___7. Which of the following is the standard AC voltage in the Philippines?

A. 110 V B. 210 V C. 220 V D. 240 V

___8. Before electricity enters a home, the voltage is lowered. What kind of transformers
are used to lower the voltage?
A. Step-down B. Step-up C. Both A & B D. Neither of the two

___9. Which of the following power source does not require generators?
A. Geothermal B. Hydroelectric C. Solar D. Wind

___10. Which type of energy increases as the water falls from the reservoir?
A. Kinetic B. Potential C. Sound D. Thermal

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Answer Key

Let’s Try Let’s Practice: ACTIVITY 1 Let’s Practice Let’s Assess

1. B Activity 2 1) D
2. B 2) C
3. D 1. WIND 3) A
4. C 2. HYDROELECTRIC 4) B
5. A 3. GEOTHERMAL 5) B
4. NUCLEAR 6) C
6. C
5. SOLAR
7. A 7) C
8. C 8) A
9. C 9) C
10. A 10) A

Let’s Do More Let’s Do More Let’s Sum It Up

Activity 1 Activity 2
1. USED 4. KINETIC ENERGY
1. D 4. A A. 4 D. 1 2. HYDROELECTRIC 5. HIGHWAY
2. C 5. B B. 5 E. 3 3. GENERATORS
3. F 6. E C. 6 F. 2

References
Books

Liza A. Alvarez, Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Oliver A.
Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Estrella C. Osorio, Digna C.
Paningbatan, Marivic S. Rosales, and Ma. Teresa B. Delos Santos. Science Grade-9
Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2014.

Susan T. Sta. Ana, Veronica S. Simundo Bernas, Dr. Ernest P. Macalalad, Rhonalyn L.
Vergara-Macalalad, Lucy A. Magleo, Susan T. Sta. Ana, and Dr. Anamy Maria C.
Paano. Exploring the Realms of Science 9. Valenzuela City: JO-ES Publishing House,
Inc., 2016.

Website

Environmental Protection Agency. “A Student’s Guide to Global Climate Change”, Accessed:

March 31, 2021.
[Link]
[Link]#:~:text=heat%20for%20buildings.-
,Geothermal%20Power%20Plants,hot%20water%20to%20the%20surface.&text=The
%20steam%20spins%20a%20turbine,and%20condenses%20back%20to%20water

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FEEDBACK SLIP

A. FOR THE LEARNER

Thank you very much for using this CLAS. This learner’s
material is aimed at ensuring your worthwhile learning through
the help of your family members. For feedback purposes, kindly YES NO
answer the following questions:

1. Are you happy and contented with your learning

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2. Were you able to follow the processes and procedures

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4. Was there any part of this CLAS that you found difficult?
If yes, please specify what it was and why.

B. FOR THE PARENTS / GUARDIANS

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the learners?

Yes (Please indicate what this is/these are.)

None

Contact Number: __________________________________

For inquiries or comments, write or call:

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telephone No. (02) 863-14070
Email Address: [Link]@[Link]

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C