Alden M. Mirador 4.
The Filipino plumbers were assigned the task of maintaining, repairing /
BSCE – 3rd Year College remodeling plumbing system in all pueblos or town, church and government
FIRST SEMESTER, A. Y. 2020 - 2021 buildings during?
CEP314 – (T / F – 10: 30 AM – 12: 00 PM) ANSWER: 18TH – 19TH CENTURY
Professor: Engr. Vivian E. Gutierrez 5. Based on the history of plumbing practice, plumbing took a great leap at the
turn of the American soldiers, engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors and
INTRODUCTION TO PLUMBING evangelist?
ANSWER: 20TH CENTURY
PLUMBING. It is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other 6. Before Martial Law, Republic Act No. 6541 known as the?
apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ANSWER: BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
ingredients and removing them.
OBJECTIVES OF PLUMBING
PLUMBING SYSTEM. It includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all • To supply water to different parts of the building.
plumbing fixtures and traps. • To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of the
building into the public sewer or septic tank.
THE SYSTEM CONSTITUTES THE FOLLOWING:
• The water supply and water distribution system. NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
• The plumbing fixtures. • The plumbing code is manifestation of the right of the government to regulate
• The drainage system. the practice of the plumbing profession based on the principle of the protection
of public health.
PLUMBER. The one who works or engages in the business of installing inbuilding the • The basic goal of NPC of the Philippines is to ensure the qualified observance
pipes fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid of the latest provisions of the plumbing and environmental laws.
and waterborne wastes
THE 22 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING
THE THREE CATEGORIES OF PLUMBERS: • PRINCIPLE NO. 1: CLEAN WATER
1. APPRENTICE PLUMBER. A beginner at the trade who usually serves for 3 to • PRINCIPLE NO. 2: VOLUME AND PRESSURE
5 years as helper to a journeyman. • PRINCIPLE NO. 3: EFFICIENCY
2. JOURNEYMAN PLUMBER. Has served his apprenticeship and is competent • PRINCIPLE NO. 4: EXPLOSION
to perform the tasks of installing and repairing plumbing. • PRINCIPLE NO. 5: SEWER
3. MASTER PLUMBER. A person technically and legally qualified and licensed • PRINCIPLE NO. 6: PLUMBING UNIT
to practice the profession of master plumbing without limitations in accordance
• PRINCIPLE NO. 7: VENTILATION
with Republic Act 1378.
• PRINCIPLE NO. 8: CLEANOUTS
PLUMBING – A BRIEF HISTORY • PRINCIPLE NO. 9: NAMPAP
1. The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines was traced back to? • PRINCIPLE NO. 10: TRAP
ANSWER: 17TH CENTURY • PRINCIPLE NO. 11: AIR CIRCULATION
2. Based on the history of plumbing practice “The walled city” known as • PRINCIPLE NO. 12: VENT TERMINALS
Intramuros was established as a model community by the? • PRINCIPLE NO. 13: TEST
ANSWER: SPANIARDS • PRINCIPLE NO. 14: SEWAGE HARM
3. When was the first approved which inclusion of “asbestos cement pipe” as an • PRINCIPLE NO. 15: CONTAMINATION
approved material? • PRINCIPLE NO. 16: WC LIGHT
ANSWER: NOVEMBER 28, 1967 • PRINCIPLE NO. 17: SEPTIC TANK
• PRINCIPLE NO. 18: SEWAGE BACKFLOW • DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT (DWV) PIPE. It carries waste and soil water away.
• PRINCIPLE NO. 19: RMP It is lighter in weight. Plastic and cast iron are the most common piping
• PRINCIPLE NO. 20: ACCESSIBLE materials for DWV.
• PRINCIPLE NO. 21: STRUCTURAL STABILITY
• PRINCIPLE NO. 22: SEWAGE TREATMENT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM PLUMBING FUNDAMENTALS – MODULE 5
Water is the substance that plumbing systems carry. Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories
• Source of Water ----------> Plumbing Fixtures ----------> Sewage Treatment
----------> Point of Disposal (Repeat the Process) PLUMBING FIXTURES. These are devices supplied with water or liquid-borne wastes
and discharge such wastes into the drainage system.
FUNDAMENTALS OF UNITS
• SPECIFIC WEIGHT (Density). Weight per unit volume. THE COMMON TYPES OF PLUMBING FIXTURES:
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY. Ratio of the specific weight of the liquid or solid to the Water Closet Kitchen Sink
specific weight of water. Lavatory Bidet
Bathtub / Shower Urinal
• VOLUME. Amount of space occupied by a substance.
• VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE. It is the volume of substance that passes a point
WATER CLOSET. A plumbing fixture used to receive human waste and discharge it
in a system.
through waste pipe.
• VELOCITY. The rate of linear motion of a substance in one direction.
• PRESSURE. The force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas on a surface WATER CLOSET ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO:
such as side wall of a container or pipe. Design Shape
• STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. It is the typical barometric Make Installation
pressure of air at sea level. Flushing Mechanism Used
• GAUGE PRESSURE. It is the pressure of a fluid (gas or liquid) excluding
pressure exerted by the atmosphere. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO DESIGN:
Siphon Washdown Siphon Vortex
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Siphon Jet Reverse Trap
PIPING MATERIALS TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO MAKE:
One-Piece Pail Flush
PIPE. It is a round, hollow channel used to transport liquids such as water or solid- Close Coupled Squat Bowl
liquid mixtures such as wastewater from one point to the next.
TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO FLUSHING MECHANISM USED:
TUBE. It refers to round, square, rectangular and oval hollow sections that are used Flush Tank
for pressure equipment, for mechanical applications, and for instrumentation systems. Flush Valve
WATER PIPE GENERALLY FALLS INTO ONE OF TWO CATEGORIES: TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO SHAPE:
• PRESSURE PIPE. It delivers water supply. It must be heavy enough to hold Round Front
continuous pressure without rupture. Smaller diameter; made of material that Elongated Front
will not react with the chemicals or minerals in the water. It is mostly made of
metal (copper).
TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO INSTALLATION: PLUMBING UNIT. It is a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that
Free Standing or Floor Mounted discharges waste into a plumbing installation, including:
Wall Hung or Wall Mounted 1 Water Meter 1 Laundry Tray
1 Water Closet 3 Floor Drains
LAVATORY. A fixture designed for washing of hands or face. It is also known as Wash 1 Lavatory 4 Faucets or Hose Bibb
Basin. 1 Kitchen Sink
1 Shower Head & Drain for Bathtub or Shower Stall
THE FOUR TYPES OF LAVATORY:
Wall Hung Lavatory One-Piece Lavatory PLUMBING ACCESSORIES:
Pedestal Lavatory Soap Holder Towel Holder / Towel Bar
Counter Type Lavatory Paper Holder Seat Cover
• Over counter or Counter Top Toothbrush and Tumbler Holder
• Undercounter
PLUMBING APPLIANCE. A special class of device or equipment intended to perform
BATHTUB. A tub for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one a special plumbing function. Its operation and/or control may be dependent upon one
person. or more energized components such as motors, controls, heating elements and
pressure – temperature – sensing elements.
SHOWER BATH. It is an apparatus for spraying water on the body.
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE. A manufactured devise or a prefabricated assembly
KITCHEN SINK. A plumbing fixture used for dishwashing. or on-the-job assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping
system and plumbing fixtures. It performs some useful functions in the operation,
BIDET. A plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body. It is also maintenance, servicing, economy or safety of the plumbing system.
known as Sitz Bath.
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URINAL. A plumbing fixture equipped with water supply and drain for flushing away
urine. PIPES AND FITTINGS
TYPES OF URINAL: CAST IRON SOIL PIPE.
Wall Hung Urinal Stall Urinal
Pedestal Urinal Trough Urinal TWO TYPES:
• SV TYPE. Generally used for building installations.
OTHER TYPES OF PLUMBING FIXTURES: • XV TYPE. Extra duty for underground installations.
• SLOP SINK. A deep sink used by janitors for mop cleaning. FOUR VARIETIES:
Standard Pipe Single Hub Pipe
• LAUNDRY TUB. A deep wide sink used for washing clothes. Double Hub Pipe Hub Less Pipe
• SCRUB SINK. A plumbing fixture usually located in the O.R. of a hospital. ACID RESISTANT CAST IRON PIPE. Made of an alloy of cast iron and silicon.
Installed in laboratories where acid wastes are being discharged. Brittle and cracks
• DRINKING FOUNTAIN. A plumbing fixture designed to provide potable water easily, thus horizontal runs have to be supported at every 1.50-meter interval to
for human consumption. prevent sagging.
ASBESTOS PIPE. Made from Asbestos Fibers and Portland Cement. Used as soil, ▪ Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
waste, ventilation pipe and downspouts. Suited for concrete embedment. ▪ Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
▪ Polypropylene (PP)
BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER PIPE. Cheapest of all types of pipes. Light in weight, ▪ Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
slightly flexible. It may be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or chemical flow. • Flexible Type (Tubing)
▪ The Polyethylene (PE)
VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE. One of the oldest materials used for sewer lines. Highly ▪ The Polybutylene (PB)
resistant to most acids. Because it is made of clay, it is brittle and cracks easily. Made
in short lengths of 750 mm. CONSIDERATIONS IN CHOOSING MATERIALS:
• Quality and Durability.
LEAD PIPE. The oldest pipe used for plumbing systems. It is highly resistant to acid. • Resistance to external and internal contact with foreign matters.
Poisonous and injurious, is therefore not recommended to convey water for human • Resistance to acid waste and other chemical elements that will pass into it.
consumption. • Cost of materials and labor.
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE. Made out of mild steel and expected to last 15 to 25 TYPES OF FITTINGS:
years. Subject to deposits of salt and lime which can cause FHL. It comes in several Coupling / Socket Male Adaptor
commercial sizes. Extension Piece / Nipple Female Adaptor
Reducer 45 degrees Street Elbow
GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON PIPE. Better than steel pipe for plumbing Reducing Elbow 90 degrees Street Elbow
installation. It is more resistant to acid waste. Union Cross
Tee Plug
COPPER PIPE. Durable and extremely corrosive resistant. Easy to install. Smooth Reducing Tee Double Hub
interior surface. Cap
CLASSIFICATIONS: OTHER WATER SERVICE FITTINGS AND DEVICES:
• K TYPE. Heaviest; recommended for underground installations. Corporation Stop Meter Stop
• L TYPE. Lighter; available in both rigid and flexible form; recommended for Curb Stop Water Meter
residential water supply line and radiant heating installations. Curb Stop Box
• M TYPE. Thinnest; available only in rigid form; for small water supply lines
and radiant heating installations. PLUMBING ABBREVIATIONS:
• CI --- Cast Iron
BRASS PIPE. Most expensive. Made from alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%). • CL --- Centerline
Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface. • CO --- Cleanout
• CW --- Cold Water
PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE. Developed in Germany in 1935. Most are produced • COP --- Copper
from synthetic resins. Superior type of pipe because it weighs less, easy to cut, flexible,
• DW --- Dishwasher
has a smooth interior surface, and cheaper than steel.
• FD --- Floor Drain
TWO TYPES: • GAL. I --- Galvanized Iron
• Rigid Type (Pipes) • HB --- Hose Bib
▪ Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) • HW --- Hot Water
▪ Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) • LT --- Laundry Tray
• LAV --- Lavatory • Locate valves where they are not too visible while remaining accessible to
• MC --- Medicine Cabinet users.
• PLAS --- Plastic
• PLBG --- Plumbing TYPES OF VALVES:
• WC --- Water Closet • GATE VALVE. Also known as “Full-Way Valve”. Used mainly to completely
• WH --- Water Heater close or completely open the water line (does not control flow of water).
• WS --- Water Softener TWO TYPES:
▪ The Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc
JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS ▪ The Double Disc Valve
• GLOBE VALVE. Controls the flow of water with a movable spindle. Can reduce
GENERAL METHODS: water pressure (throttling). Only one side of the valve is an inlet.
• Caulking (lead and oakum) THREE TYPES:
• Threading ▪ The Plug Type Disc Valve – for throttling
• Welding / Soldering ▪ The Conventional Disc Valve (Ball Type) – for shutting
▪ The Composition Disc Valve – for steam and hot water
• Rubber Ring Method (rubber gaskets)
• CHECK VALVE. Main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow) in the
• Hub Less Connections (steel plates and clamps and neoprene rubber)
line.
• Adhesives
FOUR TYPES:
• Flanged Connections (screws and bolts) ▪ The Swing Check Valve
▪ The Lift Check Valve
INSPECTION AND TEST ▪ Vertical Check Valve
• WATER TESTING. Testing of water supply piping is conducted by closing all ▪ Horizontal Check Valve
outlets and filling the system with water from the main to locate leaks and other • ANGLE VALVE. Operates in the same manner as globe valve (disc and seat
potential problems. design). Used to make 90 degrees turn in a line. Reduces number of joints.
• AIR PRESSURE TESTING. Used in detecting leaks by filling the piping system • FOOT VALVE. Located at the lower end of the pumps. Used mainly to prevent
with compressed air (use of soap suds in locating escaping air). loss of priming of the pumps. Also known as “Retention Valve”.
• SAFETY VALVE. Used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air
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lines and other pipe lines with excessive pressure.
CONTROLS AND VALVES
TYPES OF FAUCETS / BIBBS:
• COMPRESSION COCK. Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon
FUNCTION OF VALVES:
a metal sheet.
• Control of the water system
• KEY COCK. Operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet.
▪ Start or shut down a system
“Hose Bibb” – has grooves fit for a hose.
▪ Regulate pressure
▪ Check backflow • BALL FAUCET. Constructed with a ball connected to the handle.
▪ Control the direction of water
RULES REGARDING LOCATION OF VALVES:
• Locate and distribute valves in such a manner that they can isolate a certain
section of the network in case of system breakdown (before each branch).
