BAB I

PAST & PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Definition of Past Tense

In grammar, past tense refers to a verb-tense combination
whose sole purpose is to state an action to have happened in the
time that has passed. It is second to present tense, in which the
action takes place in the present moment. A sentence in past
tense always uses the second form of verb. A sentence in past
tense does not need any auxiliary, except when it is in negative
or interrogative form, in which case, it uses “did not” or “did”
in negative and interrogative forms respectively.

For instance, in the sentence, “She looked around

carefully, then ran to the car, slid inside and locked the doors,
her heart pounding. She headed downtown …” (Tell me Your
Dreams, by Sidney Sheldon), all of the underlined verbs are in
the past tense.

Past tense also uses some specific words to designate when the
action happened in the past, such as “yesterday,” “last night,”
“the previous day,” or “the last day.” Also, there is a difference
in the past tense and past form of verb. Past tense specifically
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refers to the past time, but past form of the verb is the second
form of verb after the present form that is used in simple past
tense.

Common Use of Past Tense :

 I visited him in hospital yesterday.
 He planned the ceremony by himself.
 Yesterday, they hiked down the mountain.
 Perry enrolled in college.
 Whenever she played tennis she would injure herself.
 Examples of Past Tense in Literature

Example #1: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (by L. Frank

Baum)
“And the Scarecrow found a tree full of nuts and filled
Dorothy’s basket with them, so that she would not be hungry
for a long time. She thought this was very kind and thoughtful
of the Scarecrow, but she laughed heartily at the awkward way
in which the poor creature picked up the nuts.”

In this example, all the past tense verbs are underlined. They
include “found,” “filled,” “thought,” “laughed,” and “picked
up,” each referring to activities that happened in the past.

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Example #2: A Romance of Rust (by Donovan Hohn)
“I walked among fabulous machines as small as schnauzers and
as huge as elephants, all gleaming in the August sun. Drive
belts whirred, flywheels revolved, pistons fired, and a forest of
smokestacks piped foul smoke and rude music into the
otherwise cloudless sky.”

Here, the subject “I” has performed some activities in the past
as indicated by the past forms of the verbs “walked,”
“whirred,” “revolved,” “fired,” and “piped” showed.

Example #3: Pilgrim at Tinker Creek (by Annie Dillard)

“Last year I saw three migrating Canada geese flying low over
the frozen duck pond where I stood. I heard a heart-stopping
blast of speed before I saw them; I felt the flayed air slap at my
face. They thundered across the pond…”

The author Annie Dillard has described habitual activities of

the subject in this passage. These activities occur the past,
including “saw,” “stood,” “felt,” and “thundered.”

Example #4: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (by J.K.
Rowling)

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“The two men appeared out of nowhere, a few yards apart in
the narrow, moonlit lane… They turned right. The high hedge
curved into them. The interest around the table sharpened
palpably: Some stiffened, others fidgeted, all gazing at Snape
and Voldemort.”

Each of the underlined verbs in this example is in the simple

past tense. These include “appeared,” “turned,” “curved,”
“sharpened,” “stiffened” and “fidgeted,” and have used second
form.

Example #5: Vacation ’58 (by John Hughes)

“Dad drove up on the sidewalk and ran over a bike and some
toys. Mom accused him of being asleep at the wheel, but he
said he was just unfamiliar with Illinois traffic signs…He took
off his shoes, rolled down the window, turned the radio way
up…”

In this example, all the highlighted verbs in each sentence

depict an activity taking place at some point in the past.

Example #6: The Chronicles of Narnia (by C.S Lewis)

“‘Nothing there!’ said Peter, and they all trooped out again – all
except Lucy. She stayed behind because she thought it would
be worth while trying the door of the wardrobe, even though

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she felt almost sure that it would be locked. To her surprise it
opened quite easily, and two moth-balls dropped out.”

Here, the author has described a character “Lucy,” and what

happened to her when she was left behind by others. All
activities related to her occurred in the past, as shown by the
underlined past forms of the respective verbs.

Function of Past Tense

The function of past tense in speech and writing is to express
action, activity, or a state of being to have happened in the past.
Its principal purpose is to place a situation or action, or to refer
to habitual activities, states, conditions, and events in the past.
It is mostly used in fictions and plays, where the events are
stated to have happened in the time having passed. The major
objective of using past tense is to draw a moral purpose from
the past narratives.

Questions, other clauses requiring inversion, negations with

not, and emphatic forms of the simple past use the auxiliary
did. For details of this mechanism, see do-support. A full list of
forms is given below, using the (regular) verb help as an
example:

Basic simple past:

I/you/he/she/it/we/they helped
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Expanded (emphatic) simple past:
I/you/he/she/it/we/they did help
Question form:
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they help?
Negative:
I/you/he/she/it/we/they did not (didn't) help
Negative question:
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they not help? / Didn't
I/you/he/she/it/we/they help?

Exercises/Worksheets/Activities on Interrogative Simple Past

Tense with Answers
Fill in the Blanks Exercises/Worksheets/Activities on
Interrogative Simple Past Tense with Answers:
Complete the below given sentences by filling in with proper
verb form and auxiliary verb wherever required. You can cross
check your answers with the answers provided at the end of
exercise. Take the help of hints wherever provided.

1) _______ you watch that match? (do)

2) Did he _________ you about the class? (telling)
3) Did she ________? (laughing)

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4) Did they ___________? (informing)
5) _______ you _________ them? (do, telling)
6) Did she ________ you? (informing)
7) Did _______ give you their agreement?

8) Did you _______ your salary? (getting)

9) Did she ________ on leaving? (crying)
10) Did he __________ coffee? (drinking)
11) Did they ________ a new car? (bringing)
12) Did she _________ the train? (boarding)
13) Did he ________ the groceries? (getting)
14) Did I ________ my book to you? (giving)
15) ______ he _________ his bike to his friend? (do, giving)
16) Did _______ get the vegetables?
17) Did she ________ something? (saying)
18) Did he _________ his ID card? (forgetting)
19) Did he ______ you? (informing)
20) Did they _________ you? (convincing)

True or False Exercises/Worksheets/Activities on Interrogative

Simple Past Tense with Answers:

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Determine whether the following sentences are true or false
based on whether they represent the Interrogative Past Simple
Tense sentences or not. Verify your progress with the answer
provided in the end.

1) Did he called you?

2) Did she see you?
3) Did they wrote a letter to the warden?
4) Did you meet her?
5) Did she ate the dinner?
6) Did it perform well?
7) Did they left their old house?
8) Did you go to the college?
9) Did she attended the lecture?
10) Did he sing well?

Answers- 1)False, 2)True, 3)False, 4)True, 5)False, 6)True,

7)False, 8)True, 9)False, 10)True

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B. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect tense is a grammatical

combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used
to express a past event that has present consequences. The term
is used particularly in the context of English grammar to refer
to forms like "I have left".

This tense is used to declare that a betake work completed at

the time the sentence is made or past events that have to do
with now.

Verbal sentence:

(+) S+HAVE/HAS+V III

(-) S+HAVE/HAS NOT+V III

(?) S+HAVE/HAS+S+V III?

Example:

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1. (+) we have lived here for 4 years

(-) We haven’t lived here for 4 years

(?) Have we lived here for 4 years?

= Yes, we have/No, we haven’t

2. (+) I have studied biology for several minute ago

(-) I haven’t studied biology for several minute ago

(?) Have you studied biology for several minute ago?

= Yes, I have/No, I haven’t

3. (+) I have cleaned my bedroom for several minute

(-) I have cleaned my bedroom for several minute

(?) Have you cleaned your bedroom for several minute?

= Yes, I have/No, haven’t

4. (+) He has readied a book for four minute

(-) He hasn’t readied a book for four minute

(?) Has he readied a book for four minute?

= Yes, he has/No, he hasn’t

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5. (+) she has adjusted television

(-) She has not adjusted television

(?) Has she adjusted television?

= Yes, she has/No, she hasn’t

Nominal sentence:

(+) S+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)

(-) S+HAVE/HAS+NOT+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)

(?) HVE/HAS+S+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)

Example:

1. (+) she has been beautiful since she was child

(-) She has not been beautiful since she was child

(?) Has she beautiful since she was child?

= Yes, she has/No, she hasn’t

2. (+) He has been healthy since a week ago

(-) He hasn’t been healthy since a week ago

(?) Has he been healthy since a week ago?

= Yes, he has/No, he hasn’t

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3. (+) she has written the letter

(-) She hasn’t written the letter

(?) Has she written the letter?

= Yes, she has/No, she hasn’t

4. (+) she has been fat since she was child

(-) she has not been fat since she was child

(?) Has she been fat since she was child?

= Yes, she has/No, she hasn’t

5. (+) I have been a doctor for 15 years

(-) I haven’t been a doctor for 15 years

(?) Have you been a doctor for 15 years?

= Yes, I have/No, I haven’t

Soal Present Perfect Tense - Manual

1. They ….. Surabaya

 A. Has visit
 B. Has visited
 C. Have visited

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2. Budi ….. in Bandung since 2010

 A. Has live
 B. Has lived
 C. Have lived

3. ….. have studied English

 A. My friend
 B. My friend and I
 C. Budi’s friend

4. I ….. in the Restaurant

 A. Have been
 B. Have
 C. Has

5. A beautiful girl has ….. Me a cake

 A. Make
 B. Made
 C. Meant

6. I am going to paint my bedroom

 A. I have painted my bedroom

 B. I am have painted my bedroom
 B. I am have to painted my bedroom

7. She will have finished my report

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 A. She will has finished my report
 B. She have finished my report
 C. She has finished my report

8. Economics is the most interesting subject

 A. Economics has been the most interesting subject

 B. Economics have been the most interesting subject
 C. Economics is have the most interesting subject

9. We buy books

 A. We has bought books

 B. We have buyed books
 C. We have bought books

10. They are studying grammar right now

 A. They has studied grammar

 B. They have studied grammar
 C. They have studied grammar right now

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BAB II
RECOUNT

Definition of Recount Text

Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one
story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or informing
the reader. (sebuah teks yang menceritakan sebuah cerita, aksi
ataupun aktifitas. Tujuan recount text adalah untuk menghibur
atau memberi informasi kepada pembaca)
Or (atau)
Recount is a text which retells event or experiences in the past.
(sebuah teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian atau
pengalaman di masa lampau)

Generic Structure of Recount Text

# Orientation : It gives the readers the background information
needed to understand the text, such as who was involved, where
it happened, and when it happened.
# Events : A series of events, ordered in a chronological
sequence.
# Re-orientation :A personal comment about the event or what
happened in the end.

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Purpose of Recount Text
The purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences
by retelling events in the order in which they happened.
Recounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either
informing or entertaining their audience (or both)
In a simple word the purpose of recount text is To retell past
experience

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Recount

Text:
– Past tense
– Past continuous tense
– Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past
perfect tense, and past perfect continuous tense.
– Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On
Sunday
– Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)
– Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.
– Using action verd, e.g. went, stayed

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Examples and structures of the text

My experience met with taufik hidayat

Orientation:
Last sunday, there was Thomas cup badminton championship
between Indonesa and China. It was held on Istora Gelora Bung
Karno. I went to Istora Gelora Bung Karno with my Brother, Andi.

Events:
Before entering Istora Gelora Bung Karno, we looked the bus that
took Indonesian badminton team players. I saw taufik Hidayat,
Muhammad Ahsan, Hendra Setiawan, Hayom Rumbaka, Angga
Pratama, Rian Agung, Simon Santoso, Sony Dwi Kuncoro and the
other Indonesian badminton players in that bus. They were very
handsome. Then, we followed that bus to main-entrance. I found that
Taufik Hidayat left from the bus. When we wanted to get close to
Taufik Hidayat, a security guard held me back. But, I thought that
security guard was familiar because He was my old friend when I
was senior high school, he was Andre. After that, he let me in, finally
i could meet Taufik Hidayat and got his signature.

Reorientation:
Then, I went back to my seat at the Istora stadium to support
Indonesian team. The supporter was very crowded. They shouted
“IN-DO-NE-SI-A” during the match.

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Example 2 :
Our trip to the Blue Mountain
Orientation:
On Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David
and Della’s house. It has a big garden with lots of colourful
flowers and a tennis court.

Events:
On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic
railway. It was scary. Then, Mummy and I went shopping with
Della. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old
hats.
On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We
saw cockatoos having a shower.

Reorientation:
In the afternoon we went home.

Example 3 :

My Vacation with My Beloved People

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One day, my sister named Putri said to me that she really
wanted to go to the beach. So I promised her that the next week
we would go to Mutun beach in Lampung.

The next week, we prepared everything needed in the morning.

We brought some foods and beverages, such as chocolate
wafers, potato chips, water and orange juice. Before going to
the beach, I ask our brother, Bayu, to join us. He agreed to join
and we went there together with our parents. We went there by
car. It took 3 hours to arrive there. Then, we bought tickets in
the entrance gate. Before swimming, we changed our clothes
first. We swam there for more than one hour. We felt so tired
that we decided to eat the foods that we had brought. Next,
three of us created a very big sand castle, while my parents
were enjoying the beautiful scenery there. After that, we
decided to go home because it was getting dark.

On the way home, we still felt hungry. So we stopped at a

restaurant to have dinner. I ordered sruit, Lampungnese
traditional food, while my brother, my sister, and my parents
ordered fried rice. After finished eating, we paid our bills.
Then, we went home. We arrived at home at 9 o’clock. We
were tired but we were absolutely happy.

Example 4 :
Went Camping

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Last sunday, my friends and I went camping on the mountain.
We went to Palutungan, Kuningan. The spot was near from our
town. It was about one hour to get there. We choose Palutungan
because it was not too far from our home.

We prepared everything before went to Palutungan. We

brought cooking utensils and the food from home, clothes,
camera, guitar, etc. We went there by motorcycles.

On the first day, we sat up the tent on the camping area. The air
was so fresh there. We took a bath on the waterfall. The
waterfall was called curug Putri. After played at waterfall, we
felt hungry. Then, we cooked the food for the lunch and had
lunch together. The first night of our camping, the air was so
cold, we made a campfire, sang songs together and after we
slept. We used sleeping bag when we slept to make our body
still in warm condition.

On the second day, we had some activities. We, tried to go

fishing in the river near the waterfall but we got a shoe. After
that, we packed everything we bought. we cleaned the area

We made a memory by taking photos together in front of a

waterfall and then went home happily. We felt very tired.

Example 5 :

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Vatation to London
Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs.
Richard with two sons. They went to London. They saw their
travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British
Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked
fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation.
They also included tours around London
They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly
fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very
friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read.
They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their
entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part
of the way.
On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and
Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the
document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr.
Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London
Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had
perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and
toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to
open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving
Asian and European food. They had variety of food.
The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-
day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

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Exercise Of Recount Text!
It was my grandpa’s birthday last Sunday. On Friday, my
sister and I went shopping. We found a nice Batik shirt. We
bought it and wrapped it in a blue paper. Blue is my grandpa’s
favourite color.
On Saturday morning, my brother and I helped our sister
in the kitchen. We made a birthday cake. It was a big and
beautiful cake. I wrote Happy Birthday on it. We put some
chocolate and a big candle on top of it.
On Sunday evening, we had a party. My uncle and my
aunt came to my house. They brought some coke and flowers
for my grandpa. We sat together in our living room. My dad
said a beautiful prayer. Then, we sang “Happy Birthday” and
my grandpa blew out the candle. He cut the cake and gave it to
everybody in that room. He opened his present and he was very
happy with the shirt. Finally, my grandpa told us some stories.

1. Where did the writer and his family celebrate their grandpa’s
birthday?
a. In the living room
b. In the kitchen
c. In the shopping
d. In the writer’s uncle’s house

2. The correct sentence based on the text is ...

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a. The nice batik shirt bought by the writer is blue
b. The writer bought a birthday cake for his grand father
c. The writer’s uncle and aunt came on Sunday
d. The family didn’t get a birthday cake
3. The text is a / an ... text.
a. Descriptive
b. Report
c. Narrative
d. Recount

4. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To present a point of view
b. To inform past events
c. To describe something
d. To persuade the readers

5. Which idea can you find in the 2nd paragraph?

a. The writer bought a nice shirt for his grandpa.
b. The writer and family celebrated their grandpa’s birthday
c. The writer’s uncle came to his house to celebrate his
grandpa’s birthday

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d. The writer and his family prepared their grandpa’s
birthday

6. Candle means...
a. A lamp to give a light
b. A kind of match which is burnt to give fire
c. Round stick of wax which is lit to burn with a light –
giving flame
d. An electronic lamp which can be switched on to produce
the flame

7. We put some chocolate and a big candle on top of it. The

underlined word refers to...
a. a candle is on the cake
b. some chocolate is on the candle
c. a candle is above the cake d. the cake

8. The synonym of “present” in the text is...

a. existence
b. right now
c. feast
d. gift

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9. A living room is one of the parts of house. Which is used to
...
a. receive the family
b. prepare the meal
c. gather the family member
d. hold a party

10. We bought it and wrapped it in blue paper (paragraph 1).

The word “wrapped” has the same meaning as ...
a. decorated
b. packed
c. took
d. covered

The Key:
1. A 6. C
2. C 7.D
3. D 8.D
4. B 9.A
5. D 10.D

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Read this text and then discuss with your friends the
questions that follow.
One day Sandra Dewi fell sick in the middle of the English
lesson. All the students did reading tasks. Suddenly Sandra
Dewi vomited. All other students stopped writing. Mrs. Lidia
helped her immediately. The chairman of the class sent for the
school’s doctor.
In five minutes the doctor came. He examined her carefully.
He examined her eyes. He felt her stomach. He listened to her
heart beat. He measured her blood pressure. Then he took her
temperature.
“I’m afraid she suffers from malaria. Her temperature is
very high. That is why she vomited. She has a very bad cough,
too. I’ll give her some pills for her malaria, some tablets for her
fever, and syrup for her cough. She needs a week’s rest”, said
the doctor.

Questions:
1. What is the text telling you about?
2. What did the students do? What happened?
3. What was the name of the teacher?
4. What did the doctor do?
5. What was Sandra Dewi suffering from?
6. What did the doctor recommend?
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7. Identify the text structure by listing the happenings according
to
these categories of: orientation, events, and re-orientation

Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

It was my grandpa’s birthday last Sunday. On Friday, my sister
and I went shopping at the …..(1)…... We bought a nice
…..(2)…... Then, we wrapped it in a blue paper. Blue is my
grandpa’s favourite colour. On Saturday morning, my brother
and I helped my sister making
a birthday cake in the …..(3)…... It was a big and beautiful
…..(4)…... I wrote ‘Happy Birthday’ on it. After that, we put
some chocolate and a ….. (5)….. on the top of the cake. On
Sunday evening, my uncle and my aunt came to my …..(6)…...
They brought several bottles of soft-drink, and …..(7)….. for
grandpa. Then, we sat together in the …..(8)…... Finally,
grandpa blew the candle and cut the cake while we were
singing a ‘Happy Birthday’ song for him. After giving each of
us
a piece of cake, he opened the present. He told us that he liked
the present, and he was very …..(9)…...

mall shirt house kitchen birthday cake candle

flowers living room happy

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BAB III
NARRATIVE

Definition of Narrative Text

A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks
narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur
orang).

Generic Structure of Narrative Text

# Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh,
tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan
dimana)
# Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
(Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)
# Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.
Masalah selesai, secara baik “happy ending” ataupun buruk
“bad ending”.
# Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story

Kadangkala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa

berisi: Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan
Reorientation. Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation”
merupakan optional; bisa ditambahkan dan bisa tidak.
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Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita
atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi
akhir cerita.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Narrative

Text:
– Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
– Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
– Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
– Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not
general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc)
– Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug,
walked, etc)
– Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White
said,”My name is Snow White). The direct speech uses present
tense.

Example 1 :
The Rabbit and the Turtle
One day a rabbit was boasting about how fast he could run. He
was laughing at the turtle for being so slow.
Much to the rabbit’s surprise, the turtle challenged him to a
race. The rabbit thought this was a good joke and accepted the
challenge. The fox was to be the umpire of the race. As the race
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began, the rabbit raced way ahead of the turtle, just like
everyone thought.
The rabbit got to the halfway point and could not see the turtle
anywhere. He was hot and tired and decided to stop and take a
short nap. All this time the turtle kept walking step by step by
step. He never quit no matter how hot or tired he got. He just
kept going.
However, the rabbit slept longer than he had thought and woke
up. He could not see the turtle anywhere! He went at full-speed
to the finish line but found the turtle there waiting for him.

Example 2 :
True Friends
Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were
walking through the forest together. They knew that anything
dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised
each other that they would always be together in any case of
danger.
Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them.
One of them climbed a nearby tree at once. But unfortunately
the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being
led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless
and pretended to be a dead man.
The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It
smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place because the bears do
not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on
the tree came down and asked his friend that was on the

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ground, "Friend, what did the bear whisper into your ears?" The
other friend replied, "Just now the bear advised me not to
believe a false friend."
Moral of the Story- A true friend in need is a friend indeed.

Example 3 :
Fox and A Cat
One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox,
who was a conceited creature, boasted how clever she was.
'Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our
mutual enemies, the dogs,' she said.
'I know only one trick to get away from dogs,' said the cat. 'You
should teach me some of yours!'
'Well, maybe some day, when I have the time, I may teach you
a few of the simpler ones,' replied the fox airily.
Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the
distance. The barking grew louder and louder - the dogs were
coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree
and climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog.
'This is the trick I told you about, the only one I know,' said the
cat. 'Which one of your hundred tricks are you going to use?'
The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she
should use. Before she could make up her mind, the dogs
arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces.
Moral : A single plan that works is better than a hundred
doubtful plans.
31 | P a g e
Exercise :
Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3.
A Story From The Farm Yard Two roosters were fighting
fiercely to be the king of the farm yard. One finally gained
advantage and the other surrendered.

The loosing rooster slunk away and hid itself in a quiet corner.
The winner flew up to a high wall, flapped its wings and
crowed its victory, as loud as it could.

Suddenly, an eagle came sailing through the air and carried it

off, with its talons. The loosing rooster immediately came out
of its corner and ruled the farm yard from then on.
1. From the text we know that ....
A. Only one rooster can rule the roost
B. The roosters are fighting to flap their wings
C. The eagle had watched them all day
D. The farm needs a new king

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

A. An eagle watching the rooster from a distance
B. The loosing rooster came out from its hiding place

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C. The eagle took the winning rooster as its prey
D. The winning rooster celebrates its winning proudly

3. What can we learn from the story?

A. There's always a bigger enemy in this life
B. Your friend can be your enemy
C. Always grab an opportunity before you
D. Don't be cocky when we have achieved our goal

Read the following text to answer questions number 4 to 7.

Mouse Deer and Mr. Crocodile

One day, a mouse deer was walking by the river. He was very
starving because he hadn't eaten since morning. It was
midday. But he found nothing in the land but dying trees.
"Huh... I hate this branches, I don't like it!"

Across the river, there was green grassland, with young leaves.
'Hmm.. it seems delicious' imagined the mouse deer, 'but how
can I get there? I can't swim, the current is very rapid?'

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The mouse deer was figuring out the way how to reach there.
Suddenly, he jumped to the air,'aha.: he then walked to the
edge of the river. He didn't see the reflection because the
water flowed very fast. He dipped one of his fore legs into the
water. A few moment later, appeared Mr. Crocodile showing
his sharp teeth. He then laughed, "Ha... ha... ha, you can't run
away from me, You'll be my tasty lunch!" said the crocodile.

"Of course I can't. You are very strong, Mr. Croco," replied the
mouse deer frightenedly. Then, the other crocodiles
approached moving [Link] approached the edge of the
river.

"But, before you all have a party, I wonder how many your
members are there in the river. If I know your number exactly,
I can distribute my meat evenly,"said the mouse deer.

"Oh...o, great, good idea! But we are a large group, I can't

count it precisely," Mr. Croco moaned. "Leave it to me, and I
can make it for you!" Now, can you ask the others to line up,
from one edge to the other edge of the river? The mouse deer
requested. Then the crocodiles arranged themselves in line
from one edge to the other edge of the river. The mouse deer
jumped to the body of one crocodile to the others while he
was counting, 'one, two, three; and so forth up to ten. Then at
last he arrived at grassland, and he thanked to the dumb
crocodiles.
34 | P a g e
4. Why did mouse deer want to go across the river?
A. Because he was very hungry
B. Because he wanted to cheat Mr. Crocodile
C. He wanted to eat some dying trees
D. He was afraid of the current of the river

5. How many crocodiles were there in the story above?

A. Three crocodiles
B. Ten crocodiles
C. Thirteen crocodiles
D. Not mentioned

6. " .... But we are a large group, I can't count it precisely," The
underlined word has closest meaning with ....
A. Accurately
B. Objectively
C. Definitely
D. Obviously

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7. After reading the text, we may conclude that the mouse
deer was ....
A. Very greedy animal
B. Cunning animal
C. Dumb animal
D. Frightened animal

Read the following text to answer questions number 8 to 10.

The Bear and the Two Friends

Once, two friends were walking through the forest. They knew
that anything dangerous can happen to them at any time in
the forest. So they promised each other that they would
remain united in case of danger.

Suddenly, they saw a large bear approaching tern. One of the

friends at once climbed a nearby tree. But the other one did
not know how to climb. So being led by his common sense, he
lay down on the ground breathless, pretending to be a dead
man.

The bear came near the man lying on the ground. It smelt his
ears and slowly left the place. Because the bear did not touch
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him, the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend on
the ground, "Friend, what did the bear tell you into your
ears?"The other friend replied, "He advised me not to believe
a false friend.
8. What can we get from the story?
A. We have to save ourselves
B. We have to learn how to climb
C. Bear will not harm a dead man
D. True friend always stand by us in ups and downs

9. "He advised me not to believe a false friend." (Paragraph 3)

The underlined word refers to ....
A. The bear
B. The dead man
C. The friend who cannot climb
D. The friend who climb the tree

10. Where do you think the story happened?

A. In the river
B. In the park
C. In the woods

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D. In the zoo

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BAB IV
SONG

Hero | Mariah Carey

There's a hero
Ada seorang pemberani
If you look inside your heart
Jika kau lihat ke dalam hatimu
You don't have to be afraid
Kau tak perlu takut
Of what you are
Akan siapa dirimu
There's an answer
Ada sebuah jawaban
If you reach into your soul
Jika kau jangkau jiwamu
And the sorrow that you know
Dan luka yang kau tahu
Will melt away

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Akan meleleh

And then a hero comes along

Dan kemudian muncullah seorang pemberani
With the strength to carry on
Yang memiliki kekuatan untuk bertahan
And you cast your fears aside
Dan kau singkirkan rasa takutmu
And you know you can survive
Dan kau tahu kau bisa bertahan
So when you feel like hope is gone
Maka jika kau merasa seolah harapan telah sirna
Look inside you and be strong
Lihatlah ke dalam dirimu dan kuatlah
And you'll finally see the truth
Dan akhirnya kau akan melihat kebenaran
That a hero lies in you
Bahwa seorang pemberani ada di dalam dirimu
It's a long road
Jalan yang panjang
40 | P a g e
When you face your world alone
Saat kau hadapi duniamu sendirian
No one reaches out a hand
Tak seorangpun mengulurkan tangan
For you to hold
Untuk kau genggam
You can find love
Kau bisa menemukan cinta
If you search within yourself
Jika kau cari di dalam dirimu
And the emptiness you felt
Dan rasa hampa yang kau rasa
Will disappear

History - One Direction

You've gotta help me, I'm losing my mind
Kau harus membantuku, aku hilang akal
Keep getting the feeling you want to leave this all behind
Terus saja dihinggapi perasaan yang ingin kau tinggalkan
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Thought we were going strong
Kupikir kita jadi kuat
I thought we were holding on
Kupikir kita bertahan
Aren't we?
Kan?

No, they don't teach you this in school

Tidak, ini tak diajarkan di sekolah
Now my heart's breaking and I don't know what to do
Kini hatiku hancur dan aku tak tahu yang harus kulakukan
Thought we were going strong
Kupikir kita jadi kuat
I thought we were holding on
Kupikir kita bertahan
Aren't we?
Kan?

You and me got a whole lot of history

Kau dan aku punya banyak sejarah
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We could be the greatest thing that the world has ever seen
Kita bisa jadi hal terhebat yang pernah dilihat dunia
You and me got a whole lot of history
Kau dan aku punya banyak sejarah
So don't let it go, we can make some more, we can live
forever
Maka jangan menyerah, kita bisa membuat sejarah lagi, kita
bisa hidup abadi
All of the rumours, all of the fights
Semua kabar burung itu, semua pertengkaran itu
But we always find a way to make it out alive
Tapi kita selalu punya cara untuk bertahan
Thought we were going strong
Kupikir kita jadi kuat
I thought we were holding on
Kupikir kita bertahan
Aren't we?
Kan?

Back to III

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Mini bars, expensive cars, hotel rooms, and new tattoos
Mini bar, mobil mewah, kamar hotel, dan tato baru
Good champagne, and private planes
Sampanye bagus, dan pesawat pribadi
But we don't need anything
Tapi kita tak butuh apa-apa
Cause' the truth is out
Karena kenyataan ada di luar sana
I realise that without you here life is just a lie
Kusadari bahwa tanpamu di sini hidup hanya dusta
This is not the end
Ini bukanlah akhir
This is not the end
Ini bukanlah akhir
We can make it you know it, you know
Kita pasti bisa melewatinya, kau tahu

Back to III (2x)

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So don't let me go
Maka jangan lepaskan aku
So don't let me go
Maka jangan lepaskan aku
We can live forever
Kita bisa hidup abadi
Baby don't you know
Kasih, tahukah kau
Baby don't you know
Kasih, tahukah kau
We can live forever
Kita bisa hidup abadi

7 Years by Lukas Graham

Once I was seven years old, my mama told me,
Ketika aku 7 tahun, ibuku berkata padaku
"Go make yourself some friends or you'll be lonely."
“Carilah teman atau kau kan kesepian." Once I was seven years
old

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Ketika aku 7 tahun

It was a big big world, but we thought we were bigger

Dulu itu dunia yang besar, dan ku pikir kita lebih besar
Pushing each other to the limits, we were learning quicker
Mendorong satu sama lain hingga batas, kita belajar sangat
cepat
By eleven smoking herb and drinking burning liquor
Saat umur 11 tahun merokok dedaunan dan meminum likuor
yang membakar
Never rich so we were out to make that steady figure
Tidak kaya sehingga kita keluar untuk menjadi sosok yang
hebat

Once I was eleven years old. My daddy told me,

Ketika ku 11 tahun, Ayahku berkata padaku
"Go get yourself a wife or you'll be lonely."
Carilah seorang istri atau kau kan kesepian
Once I was eleven years old
Ketika aku 11 tahun

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I always had that dream like my daddy before me
Aku selalu punya mimpi seperti yang ayah katakan
So I started writing songs, I started writing stories
Jadi ku mulai menulis lagu, ku mulai menulis cerita
Something about that glory,
Sesuatu tentang kejayaan,
Just always seemed to bore me
Seperti selalu membuatku bosan,
'Cause only those I really love will ever really know me
Karena hanya mereka yang kucintai yang akan memahamiku

Once I was twenty years old.

Ketika aku 20 tahun.
My story got told
Ceritaku telah disampaikan
Before the morning sun, when life was lonely
Sebelum matahari pagi, ketika hidupku kesepian
Once I was twenty years old
Ketika aku 20 tahun

47 | P a g e
(Lukas Graham!)

I only see my goals, I don't believe in failure

Ku hanya melihat tujuank, ku tak percaya pada kegagalan
'Cause I know the smallest voices. They can make it major
Karena ku tahu suara-suara terkecil. Mereka bisa membuatnya
menjadi besar
I got my boys with me at least those in favor
Ku ditemani teman-temanku setidaknya mereka yang mau
And if we don't meet before I leave, I hope I'll see you later
Dan jika kita tidak bertemu sebelum aku pergi, ku harap ku kan
berjumpa denganmu nanti

Once I was twenty years old.

Ketika aku 20 tahun.
My story got told
Ceritaku telah disampaikan
Before the morning sun, when life was lonely
Sebelum matahari pagi, ketika hidupku kesepian
Once I was twenty years old

48 | P a g e
Ketika aku 20 tahun

Soon we'll be thirty years old,

Sesaat lagi ku kan berumur 30 tahun
Our songs have been sold
Lagu-lagu kita telah terjual
We've traveled around the world and we're still roaming
Kita bepergian ke seluruh dunia dan kita masih berkelana
Soon we'll be thirty years old
Sesaat lagi ku kan berumur 30 tahun,

I'm still learning about life

Aku masih belajar tentang hidup
My woman brought children for me
Istriku melahirkan anakku
So I can sing them all my songs
Jadi ku bisa menyanyikan semua laguku
And I can tell them stories
Dan ku bisa menceritakan kisahku
Most of my boys are with me
49 | P a g e
Sebagian besar anak-anakku tinggal denganku
Some are still out seeking glory
Beberapa masih mencari kejayaan
And some I had to leave behind
Dan beberapa harus kutinggalkan
My brother I'm still sorry
Saudaraku ku minta maaf

Soon I'll be sixty years old, my daddy got sixty-one

Sesaat lagi ku kan berumur 60 tahun, ayahku 61 tahun
Remember life and then your life becomes a better one
Ingatlah hidup dan hidupmu kan menjadi lebih baik
I made a man so happy when I wrote a letter once
Ku bisa membuat orang-orang bahagia saatku menulis surat
sekali
I hope my children come and visit once or twice a month
Ku harap anak-anakku kan datang atau berkunjung sekali atau
dua kali sebulan

[2x]

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Soon I'll be sixty years old,
Sesaat lagi ku kan berumur 60 tahun,
Will I think the world is cold
Apa ku kan merasa bahwa dunia begitu dingin
Or will I have a lot of children who can warm me?
Atau apakah ku kan memiliki banyak anak yang kan
menghangatkanku?
Soon I'll be sixty years old
Sesaat lagi ku kan berumur 60 tahun

Once I was seven years old, my mama told me,

Ketika aku 7 tahun, ibuku berkata padaku
"Go make yourself some friends or you'll be lonely."
“Carilah teman atau kau kan kesepian."
Once I was seven years old
Ketika aku 7 tahun

Once I was seven years old

Ketika aku 7 tahun

51 | P a g e
My Heart Will Go On | Celine Dion
Every night in my dreams
Tiap malam dalam mimpiku
I see you, I feel you,
Kulihat dirimu, kurasakan dirimu
That is how I know you go on
Begitulah aku tahu kau bertahan

Far across the distance

Meski jauh jarak
And spaces between us
Dan ruang yang memisahkan
You have come to show you go on
Kau tlah datang untuk menunjukkan bahwa kau bertahan

Near, far, wherever you are

Dekat, jauh, dimanapun kau berada
I believe that the heart does go on
Aku percaya hati kita kan bertahan
Once more you open the door
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Sekali lagi kau buka pintu (hatiku)
And you're here in my heart
Dan kau ada di sini di hatiku
And my heart will go on and on
Dan hatiku akan terus bertahan

Love can touch us one time

Cinta bisa sekali menyentuh kita
And last for a lifetime
Dan (cinta) kan abadi untuk selamanya
And never let go till we're one
Dan jangan pernah menyerah hingga kita bersatu

Love was when I loved you

Cinta adalah saat aku mencintaimu
One true time I hold to
Saat aku benar-benar mendekapmu
In my life we'll always go on
Di dalam hidupku kita kan selalu bertahan

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Near, far, wherever you are
Dekat, jauh, dimanapun dirimu berada
I believe that the heart does go on
Aku percaya hati kita kan bertahan
Once more you open the door
Sekali lagi kau buka pintu (hatiku)
And you're here in my heart

Dan kau ada di sini di hatiku

And my heart will go on and on
Dan hatiku akan terus bertahan

There is some love that will not go away

Ada cinta yang takkan binasa

You're here, there's nothing I fear,

Kau ada di sisiku, tak ada lagi yang kutakutkan,
And I know that my heart will go on
Dan aku tahu hatiku akan bertahan
We'll stay forever this way
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Kita akan selamanya seperti ini
You are safe in my heart
Engkau kujaga di dalam hatiku
And my heart will go on and on
Dan hatiku akan terus bertahan

55 | P a g e
BAB V
BE GOING TO
Definition
We use be going to to talk about future plans and intentions.
Usually the decision about the future plans has already been
made:
- She’s going to be a professional dancer when she grows up.
- I’m going to look for a new place to live next month.

Predictions
We use be going to to predict something that we think is certain
to happen or which we have evidence for now:
It’s going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see
dark snow clouds.)
Look out! He’s going to break that glass.

Commands
We use be going to when we give commands or state that
something is obligatory:
[parent to a child]
You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room
is a mess!

56 | P a g e
To be + going + to digunakan pada simple future tense, yang
menyatakan sesuatu yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya.
Rumus simple future tense:
Subject + will + verb1 = digunakan untuk suatu tindakan yang
dilakukan tanpa direncanakan
Subject + to be (am, are, is) + going to + verb 1 = digunakan
untuk suatu tindakan yang dilakukan terencana.

Contoh kalimat :
1. He's going to present his papers.
2. She's going to play volleyball.
3. Laura is going to quit.
4. Yuri is going to the cinema
5. They're going to attack us.
6. Valery is going to visit them.
7. Tim is going to pick her up soon.
8. I'm going to join the contest.
9. We're going to move in immediately.
10. My brothers are going to perform there. Sedangkan untuk
kata going to sendiri dipakai sebagai penjelas mengenai
kegiatan atau aktivitas yang akan dilakukan di masa yang akan
datang. Jika teman menggunakan kata going to, itu merupakan
kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di waktu depan.

57 | P a g e
Contoh kalimat simple future tense dengan to be + going + to:
Kalimat positive
1) She is going to go to Bali next year.
2) My father is going to send this letter tomorrow.
3) We are going to play basketball in two days.

Kalimat negative
4) They are not going to come his party next week.
5) My mother is not going to buy at the market next Sunday
morning.
6) I am not going to watch the match because I have the
examination next week.

Kalimat interrogative
7) Is he going to visit his grandparents next holiday?
8) Are we going to do this project?
9) Are you going to cook chicken soup for our dinner?
10) Is Via going to clean her room tomorrow morning?

To be + going to + verb1 juga dapat digunakan pada past future

tense
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(+) She was going to give this present to her sister.
(-) They were not going to enroll the English course.
(?) Was he going to buy a new car?

Complete the sentences with be going to or will

1.A : why did you buy this flour?
B :I_________make some bread.

2. A : Could someone get me a glass of water?

B : certainly. I_______get you one. Would you like some ice in
it?

3.I arranged to borrow some money because I_______buy a

motorcycle tomorrow.

4. A : could someone please open the window?

B : I______do it.

5. A : can I borrow this book?

B : Sure, but I need it back soon.

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A : I______return it to you tomorrow. Okay?

6. A : I______wear a dark suit to the wedding reception. How

about you?
B : I’m not sure

7. A : what are your vacation plans?

B : I_____spend two weeks on a greek island.

8. A : gee, I’d really like an ice cream cone, But I didn’t bring
any money with me.
B : That’s okay. I_______get one for you
A : Thanks

9.A : Hi , Josh. I hear that you_____move into a new

apartment.
B : That’s right. Sara and I found a great apartment on 45th
street
A : I_____help you on moving day if you like.
B :Hey, great! we’d really appreciate that.

10.A : So you________get married

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B : That’s right. on september 22nd
A : my congratulations.

11. A : if you can wait just a few minutes, I______walk to the

meeting with you.
B : okay. I_____meet you by the elevator. okay?
A : okay. I_______wait for you there.

12. A : excuse me, but……

B : I______be with you in a moment
A : thanks

Exercise
1. I……. make some bread (will/Going to)
2. Certainly, I………get you want. would you like some ice in
it? (will/going to)
3. I………do it for you (will/going to)
4. I……….return a book to you, tomorrow, okay? (will/Going
to)
5. I……….spend two weeks on a greek island.

[Link] to
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