Liu, Ting-An-Xu (Crystal)
Office Address:
O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Cell: 812-606-3657
Indiana University Bloomington Fax: 812-855-7802
A333, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 E-mail: tl52@[Link]
[Link] [Link]
profiles/[Link]
Education
Indiana University Blooming (IUB), Bloomington, Indiana Aug. 2018-now
• Ph.D. candidate in O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs
(Earned PhD candidacy in August 2020)
• Major: Public Management
• Minor: Theory and Research Methods in Public Personnel Management
National Chengchi University (NCCU), Taipei, Taiwan Sept. 2015-Jan.2018
• Master of Public Administration
Renmin University of China (RUC), Beijing, China Sept. 2011-Jul. 2015
• Bachelor of Science: Applied Psychology
Korea University (KU), Seoul, Korea Aug. 2013-Jan. 2014
• Exchange Student in Korea University (Business School)
Courses taken: Organizational Behavior, Organization and Environment
Dissertation
Three essays on performance information use by public managers in U.S. government
• Chapter 1: Co-ethnicity, framing and the use of performance information by public managers.
• Chapter 2: What is performance information use: Development and validation of the instrument.
• Chapter 3: Holding bureaucrats accountable: Public administration accountability and the use of performance
information.
Committee members: Dr. Sergio Fernandez (chair), Dr. Sean Nicholson-Crotty, Dr. Ernest O’Boyle (minor
representative), Dr. James Perry (mentor), Dr. Thomas Rabovsky.
Awards and Honors
Research awards
• Jonathan West New Emerging Scholar Best Paper Award in 2022: inaugural recipient
Publication:
1
• Liu, T., Wightman, B., Lee, E., & Hunter, J. (2021). Revisiting “big questions” of public administration after
COVID-19: A systematic review, Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 43(3), 1-39.
[Link]
• Liu, T., Juang, W., & Yu, C. (2021). Understanding corruption with perceived corruption: The understudied
effect of corruption tolerance. (Forthcoming on Public Integrity)
• Li, Y., Yu, Z., Han, X., & Liu, T. (2015). General Mental Ability Predicts Performance: The State and
Mechanism. Advances in Psychological Science, 23(3), 448-459.
Revise and Resubmit:
Corruption/Performance Management
• Liu, T., Lee, E., Khurana, S., & Lu, M. (2021). How public service motivation shapes public personnel selection:
Higher public service motivation, more transparency.
• Liu, T., Liu, B., Lee, E., & Nicholson-Crotty, S. (2021). How does generalized trust affect compliance: The
mediating effect of perceived performance.
Under review:
Corruption/Performance Management
• Liu, T. (2021). The interplay between corruption perception and political trust: An empirical study. (Under Review)
• Liu, T., & Fernandez, S. (2021). Co-ethnicity, framing and the use of performance information by public
managers. (Under review)
Working papers:
Performance Information Use
• Liu, T., What is performance information use: Development and validation of the instrument. (Prepare to collect
data)
• Liu, T., Holding bureaucrats accountable: Public administration accountability and the use of performance
information. (Prepare to collect data)
Corruption/Performance Management/Trust
• Liu, T., & Li, J., & Svetina, D. (2022). Measuring corruption tolerance: Validation with Item Response Theory.
• Liu, T., Wang, W. (2022). The trust-performance link: Evidence from both democratic and authoritarian
regimes. (Proposal is accepted by symposium on Public Performance and Management Review; Manuscript deadline is
March 15th, 2022)
• Liu, T., & Moldogazíev, T. (2022). Urban government performance and perceived corruption in context:
Empirical evidence from Taipei (Submitting by December 2021)
• Liu, T., & D. Simon. (2022). Do Patients Select Doctors: The Effect of Co-Ethnicity between doctors and
patients
State-Individual Interaction
• Liu, T., Hameduddin, T. (2022). Citizen compliance in resource conservation: The effects of perceived
performance and individual motives. (Prepare to collect data)
• Liu, T., Miller, S. (2022). When do bureaucrats represent minority groups: Evidence through administrative
burden. (Prepare to collect data)
Teaching Experience:
Associate Instructor (O’Neill) Jan. 2021-now
2
• Teaching V370-Research Methods and Statistical Modeling (2021 Spring, 2021 Fall)
• Teaching RStudio Lab for V370 (2021 Spring, 2021 Fall)
• Help with SPEA-V502 Public Management (MPA course)
Guest Speaker
• K300 Statistical Technique: Introduction of Simple Regression (Spring 2020), Indiana University
Bloomington
• V412 Leadership and Ethics: The Interplay between Corruption and Trust (Spring 2021), Indiana
University Bloomington
Research Interest:
• Performance Management • Research Methods
• Corruption and trust • State-Individual Behavior
Public Service:
• Mentor for O’Neill V499-Honors Thesis
− 2021 spring: mentored undergraduate students’ thesis in V499
− 2021 fall: mentor students’ thesis on public management
• Mentor for O’Neill Ph.D. program
− 2021 fall: join the one-on-one Ph.D. student program and mentor one new
Ph.D. student majoring in public management
• Reviewer for academic journals: Public Integrity, Asia Pacific Journal of Public
Administration, Local Government Studies
• Helping students from Mainland China and Taiwan who are interested in
applying for MPA in O’Neill with their application and academic planning
Work Experience:
Research Assistant (O’Neill) Aug. 2018-now
• Work with Dr. Thomas Rabovsky: Performance information use
• Work with Dr. Sergio Fernandez: Data on South Africa
Teaching Assistant (NCCU) Sept.2016 – Jan.2018
• Teaching Assistant of <Introduction to Statistics> (Graduate School course). Sept. 2016-Jan. 2017
Responsible for teaching TA courses and grading assignments.
• Teaching Assistant of <Introduction to Statistics> (Graduate School course). Sept. 2017-Dec. 2018
Responsible for teaching TA courses, designing and grading assignments.
• Teaching Assistant of <Public Management> (Graduate School course). Sept. 2017-Dec.
2018
Research Assistant (NCCU) Mar.2016-Jan.2018
3
• Research Assistant of the research <The decision-making process model for the Apr.2016-Oct.2016
federal government and institutions>.
Responsible for literature review, data collection and final report writing.
• Research Assistant of the research <Managing public values in the government>. May.2016-Dec.2017
Responsible for financial management and literature review.
Conferences
Public Management Research Association Conference Jun. 23rd -26th, 2021
• Presentation: Liu, T., & Fernandez, S. (2021). Co-ethnicity, Framing and the Use of Performance Information by
Public Managers.
American Political Science Association Conference (Virtual) Sept. 30th-Oct.3rd, 2020
• Presentation: Liu, T., & Yu, C. (2021). The Interplay between Corruption Perception and Institutional
Trust: An Empirical Study.
American Society for Public Administration 2017 Annual Conference Mar. 17th-23rd, 2017
• Presentation: Liu, T., Government Images in the Public Eye: Stereotypes and Negative Images towards
Government and Bureaucracy
Cross-strait Youth Academic Forum 2017 Annual Conference Jun. 21st-24th, 2017
• Presentation: Liu, T., The Impact of Trust in the Government on Subjective Well-beings: Political
Participation as the Moderator.
Taiwan Academic Achievement Forum 2016 Annual Conference Dec. 3rd, 2016
• Presentation: Liu, T., The Life of “Sandwich Biscuit”: A Process Model on Psychological Pressure of Police
Inspectors in Taipei.
Methodology:
Relevant courses taken since PhD program Since Aug. 2018
• V606, V607-Statictis for Research in Public Affairs Aug. 2018-May. 2019
• P710-Microeconomics Aug. 2018-Dec. 2018
• Y527-Psychometric Theory in Psychology and Education Aug. 2019-Dec. 2019
• Z798-Research Methods in Organizational Behavior Aug. 2019-Dec. 2019
• E627-Experimental Economics Jan. 2020- May. 2020
• BE617-Psychometric Theory (IRT) Jan. 2020- May. 2020
