FIRST DISCUSSION- INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY
our subject actually philosophy started 500 years prior to the birth of Christ it started in a place called Athens. The
philosopher coined that to us Pythagoras when he was asked by the king in one of courtesy calls he was asked by
the king “what brought you to my kingdom?” said i'm here to look for students to learn from me so he was
askedyou must be very intelligent then. Pythagoras simply and humbly said your excellency i'm not intelligent i
am simply a philosopher i am simply a lover of wisdom so the subject matter is called PHILOSOPHY. philosophy is
a love of wisdom
okay so informal definitio in philosophy came out to etymology multi-brief history
philosophy is a science of being their ultimate causes reasons and principles
known by the aid of human reason alone is a science we all know that science is a unit of systematized knowledge
based on evidence demonstration of principles. example the science of chemistry science of chemistry discovered
that water is hydrogen and oxygen and we consider that true philosophers also when they discover that man is a
rational animal. Its also considered as true because indeed, we are all rational animals. So that knowledge is a
body now of a systematized knowledge that’s why philosophy when philosophy discovered man as a rational
animal and considered as true, that is a unit already of systematized knowledge. Now philosophy and science
studies being. Being is defined as anything that or which exists. There are3 kinds of being.
real being that exist here and now - philosophy look around all these things are real being they exist here
and now
ideal being-not yet existing at this moment but has potency to exist ex: no children yet but children in
future
logical being-fabrication of the mind and outsiede mind there is no existence ex: spiderman, batman,
circle square
How are these being studied in Philosophy? They are studying intheir ulimate causes , reasons, and principles and
then the only tool philosophers use is human reason, not needle dealing ammo. Human reasons
Branches of Philosophy:
Ontology or Metaphysics- studies beings in general forms; above ohysics; the end of physics is the
beginning of metaphysics.studies butang nga di makita sa butang nga imong makita. STUDIES BEING AND
ITS TRANSCENDENTAL PROPERTIES,
Ex: lihokon ang chair there is physical motion but if di lihokon, chair is stilll moving even with no physical
motion kay 20 years from now the table will never be the same.
Theodicy- studies god with human reason
Theology-studies god using faith
World is divided into two: living and non-living
Cosmology- studies non-living world STUDIES THE CORPOREAL WORLD
Living world is characterized by man. Man as a component of body and soul, is studied in philosophy
of man.
Logic-man reasons out SCIENCE OF CORRECT THINKING AND REASONING
Epistemology- validity of knowledge; after logic it follows. Ex: there is truth in 1+1=3 and the truth is
that it is false.There is falsity in truth
Ethics- studies man’s actions. DEALING WITH MORALITY
Social philosophy- man in society
PHILOSOPHY OF MAN- STUDIES MAN AS A COMPOUND OF BODY AND SOUL
DISCIPLINES OF PHILOSOPHY”
PHILOSOPHY IS A DISCIPLINE OF QUESTIONING
A. “an unexamined life is not worth living” –socrates
B. We have to raise questions about our self, society, and God.
PHILOSOPHY IS A DISCIPLINE OF LIBERATION
Philosophy liberates or frees us from:
a. Simplistic explanation
b. Unquestioning acceptance
c. False dogmatism or teaching.
PHILOSOPHY IS A DISCIPLINE OF DOING ACTING AND BEHAVING
BEFORE, PHILOSOPHY WAS PURELY CONSIDERED AS THINKING AND REASONING. DANGERS IF PHILOSOPHY IS
PURELY CONSIDERED AS THINKING AND REAOSNING:
A. PHILOSOPHY BECOMES MYOPIC(NEAR SIGHTED ‘ NOT BROAD)
B. PHILOSOPHY BECOMES AN ELITIST DISCIPLINE(NOT FOR REACH)
C. PHILOSOPHY BECOMES STERILE(PURELY THINKING AND REASONING
TO AVOID DANGERS, PHILOSOPHY IS CONSIDERED AS THINKING, REASONING, PLUS DOING . ACTING AND
BEHAVING
PROOF:
1. HINDU, PHILOSOPHY= DARSANA
SEEING REALITY NOT JUST WITH ONE’S EYES BUT WITH ONE’S TOTALITY.
