Name: Joya G.

Araneta
Section: BSA 1A
Subject: Science, Technology and Society

1st FINAL TERM ASSESSMENT

I. Define the following and comprehensively discuss in 8-10 sentences.

(10 points each)

1. Climate Change

 Changes in average weather patterns through time that have come to define Earth’s
local, regional and global climates. Climate change is a global phenomenon of change in the
climate that is characterized by changes in the planet’s normal climate (temperature,
precipitation, and wind) that are primarily driven by human activity.
The planet’s ecosystems’ long-term viability, as well as humanity’s future and the global
economy’s viability, are all at risk as a result of unbalance weather. Human actions,
mainly, fossil fuel burning which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the
atmosphere and raises Earth’s average surface temperature, are principally responsible
for changes in Earth’s climate since the early twentieth century.

Global Warming

 The term “global warming’ refers to the process by which the global temperature rises
over time. Despite the fact that this warming trend has been going on for a long time, the
combustion of fossil fuel has accelerated it greatly in the last century. The amount of fossil fuels
burned has increased in tandem with expansion in human population. Coal, oil, and natural gas
are examples of fossil fuels that generate the “greenhouse effect” in the atmosphere. When the
sun’s rays enter the atmosphere, yet the heat reflected off the surface cannot escape back into
space, the greenhouse effect occurs. The heat is prevented from escaping the atmosphere by
the gases created by burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor,
methane, and nitrous oxide are examples of greenhouse gases. Global warming is the result of
excessive heat in the atmosphere causing the average global temperature to rise over time.
The global yearly temperature has climbed by a little more than 1 degree Celsius, or
roughly 2-degree Fahrenheit, during the Industrial Revolution. It climbed by 0.07
degrees Celsius (0.13 degrees Fahrenheit) on average per ten years between 1880 and
1980, when accurate recording keeping began. However, since 1981, the pace of growth
has more than doubled: the global annual temperature has increased by 0.18 degrees
Celsius, or 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit, every decade during the last 40 years.

Energy Crisis

 An energy crisis is any great bottleneck or price rise in the supply of energy resources to
an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a
certain time and place, particularly those that supply electricity grids or serve as fuel for
vehicles.

2. Alternative Energy Sources

Geothermal

 The earth’s heat is referred to as geothermal energy. The Greek word geo means earth
thermal means heat are combined to create the term geothermal (heat). Because heat is
constantly produced inside the earth, geothermal energy is renewable energy source. The
geothermal resource is a section of the Earth’s crust that derived from two sources of energy,
one being the planet’s formation and the other being radioactive decay of minerals in nearly
equal amounts. Some rock melts and the solid mantle behaves plastically due to the
tremendous temperature and pressure in the Earth’s interior. Because it is lighter than the
surrounding rock, sections of the mantle convict upward as a result. The core-mantle interface
can reach temperatures of exceeding 4000 degrees Celsius (7200 degrees Fahrenheit). The cost
of generating geothermal energy has dramatically reduced over the years. In 2019, 13,900
megawatts (MW) of geothermal power were available worldwide. An additional 28 gigawatts of
direct geothermal hearing capacity have been installed for district hearing, space heating spas
and industrial processes.

Solar Energy
 Solar energy is a type of radiation from the sun that can be used to generate heat, chemical
reactions, or electricity. The entire amount of solar energy emitted on Earth is far greater than the
world’s current and projected energy needs. This highly distributed source has the ability to provide all
future energy requirements if properly exploited. In contrast to the finite fossil fuels of coal, petroleum,
and natural gas, solar energy is predicted to become increasingly popular as a renewable energy source
in the twenty-first century due to its limitless supply and nonpolluting nature. Nuclear fusion that occurs
in the sun produces solar energy. When protons of hydrogen atoms hit forcefully in the sun’s core, they
fuse to form a helium atom. Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic cells, are the most common way to
harness solar energy. To capture sunlight in broad fields, solar power stations are practically edge-to-
edge arranged. At times, you’ll even see them on the top of houses and other structures, semiconductor
materials are used to make the cells. The sun’s beams free electron from atoms in cell when they come
into contact with them. Electricity is generated as a result of electrons flowing through the cell as a
result of this.

 Wind Energy

The use of wind turbines to generate electricity is known as wind power or wind energy. Wind
power or wind energy is popular, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting source of electricity
that has a lower environmental impact than burning fossil fuels. Wind farms are made up of a
large number of individual wind turbines that are connected to a power grid. The process of
using the wind to generate mechanical or electrical power is known as wind energy. The kinetic
energy of the wind is converted into mechanical power by wind turbines. A generator can
transform this mechanical energy into electricity, or it can be used for specialized activities (such
as grinding grain or pumping water).

Other forms of Alternative Using Energy Sources

 Hydro Power

Hydro power is one of the oldest forms of energy used by humans and has been used worldwide
throughout history. Hydropower harnesses the natural energy of power to create electricity.
Today, we see this most frequently in the form of dams. This alternative energy source is one of
the most reliable, especially in naturally wet areas.

 Biomass

Biomass is reliable, but not quite as clean as the other sources. It is generated from wood, straw,
energy crops, agricultural byproducts, and municipal and industrial waste. Biomass is used in the
same way as fossil fuels: it is burned to produce steam, which can be used for electricity
generation. Biomass is helpful to the environment because it reduces waste, is carbon neutral,
and is widely available. One downside is that this energy source still requires the burning of
material which isn’t ideal for the environment, but it is still a far cleaner process that the use of
fossil fuels.

 Tidal Energy
Tidal power is another form of hydropower, but instead of dams, it uses the natural pattern of
ocean and river currents to drive turbines. Tidal power is even more reliable than hydro power
but less common because tidal power plants have to built in what are often areas of outstanding
natural beauty.

3. Nanotechnology in the Philippines

 Health and Wellness
Health and wellness are terms that are often interchanged, but their origins and
meanings are different. As established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the
1940’s, health is referred to as, “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is state a state of being,
whereas wellness is the state of living a healthy lifestyle. Health refers to physical,
mental, and social well-being; wellness aims to enhance well-being. Wellness is
considered a conscious, self-directed and evolving process of achieving full potential.
Wellness is multidimensional and holistic, encompassing lifestyle, mental and spiritual
well-being, and the environment. Wellness is positive and affirming.

 Agriculture

Agriculture also called farming or husbandry is the production and cultivation of

animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel and other products
used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human
civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that
nurtured the development of civilization.

 Other Fields

Nanomedicine
 Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine ranges from
the medical applications of nanomaterials and biological devices, to nano electronic biosensors,
and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological machines.
Current problems in nanomedicine involve understanding the issues related to toxicity and
environmental impact of nanoscale materials (materials whose structure is on the scale of
nanometers, i.e., billionths of a meter).

4. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and Food Supply in the Philippines

 Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been
altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified
organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an
organism altered in a way that “does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural
recombination. A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals
to plants and microorganisms. Genes have been transferred within the same species, across
species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms. New genes can be
introduced, or endogenous genes can be enhanced, altered, or knocked out.
 Food supply is abroad range of food production -distribution
Food supply helps to meet the demand to the market.
Proper food supply helps to meet the nutrition of the population but nowadays
due to improper food supply there is a little unfulfillment of a nutrition to the
population.

5. Artificial Intelligence, Different Al Samples and Significance to Daily Living

Artificial Intelligence
 Is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to natural intelligence displayed
by animals including humans. Leading Al textbooks define the field as the study of “intelligent
agents”. Any system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance
of achieving its goals. Artificial Intelligence is the field of computer science that is associated
with the concept of machines “thinking like humans” to perform task such as learning, problem
solving, planning, reasoning and identify patterns.
Different Al Samples
 Smartphones- One of the things that make smartphones of vital to our daily lives is their
efficiency. The speed with which we can do task on a smartphone is almost unparalleled. It
allows us to get work done and communicate with people even whilst were on the move.
 Autonomous cars- It can help reduce the number of crashes on our roads. Higher level
of autonomy has the potential to reduce risky and dangerous driver behaviors.
 Online Shopping- Selling direct online increases your reach. With an online store, our
profits are no longer limited by the number of customers that can physically visit our brick-and-
mortar location. And helps us to obtain food and other essential items. In this pandemic online
shopping become a hobby of modern people. It can also help us to gain profits.

II. Post picture or any document to prove your registration on the following.
Discuss comprehensively your experience and how Science and technology can
significantly improve local/national economy and society through ABC mentioned
below? Total Points for 1 ABC=30 POINTS

A. National ID System – None

B. Comelec Registration- None
C. Vaccination Card (1st/2nd dose)
It was definitely mixed feelings at first. It was relief with some hesitance. But, as soon as
the vaccination process started throughout the country all my questions vanished at
once. The amazingly efficient and systematic vaccination procedure felt like a festival; a
festival of life, a festival of hope. Science and technology become significant because it
helped in the development of the covid 19 vaccine that being administered in various
countries.