ENGINEERING OFFICE

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

SECTION 06100 - ROUGH CARPENTRY

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Conditions of Contract and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This section specifies rough carpentry required for support or attachment of other
construction and not specified in another Section and includes, but not limited to, the
following:

1. Wood furring and framing with dimension lumber

2. Wood furring, grounds, nailers, and blocking
3. Wood framing with dimension lumber for gypsum board walls, partitions and linings to
walls
4. Subflooring
5. Underlayment
6. Wood blocking, cants, and nailers
7. MDF and Plywood backing
8. Concealed hardwood frames included within furniture units

B. Related Sections: The following Sections contain requirements that relate to this Section:

1. Section 06400 - Architectural Woodwork

2. Section 09640 - Wood Athletic Flooring Assemblies
3. Section 09380 - Dimension Stone Tile
4. Section 09260 - Gypsum Board Assemblies
5. Section 12090 - Upholstery
6. Section 12500 - Furniture

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Rough Carpentry: Carpentry work not specified in other Sections and not exposed is required
to fix, support, and install, suspend or complete works specified in other specification
sections.

1.4 REFERENCES

A. All reference to standards, regulations and requirements of statutory bodies shall mean the
latest published editions at the time of contract. Product manufacture, testing and installation
shall comply with the following references unless otherwise stated in the specification or
otherwise approved.

1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

a. ASTM A153: Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on iron and
Steel Hardware
b. ASTM F 568: Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally
Threaded Metric Fasteners
c. ASTM E 699: Standard Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Testing
Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Building Components
2. British Standards Institute (BSi):
a. BS 1088-1/BS 4079: Marine Plywood Requirements and Determination of
Bonding Quality using the Knife Test
b. BS 4978: Visual Strength Grading of Softwood

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

c. BS 5268 – 2: Structural use of Timber. Code of Practice for Permissible Stress

Design Materials and Workmanship
d. BS EN 519: Structural Timber. Grading. Requirements for Machine Strength
Graded Timber and Grading Machines
e. BS EN 636: Plywood Specifications
f. BS EN 942: Timber in Joinery. Classification of Timber Quality
g. BS EN14081: Timber Structures. Strength Graded Structural Timber with
Rectangular Cross Section. Machine Grading. Additional
Requirements for Initial Type Testing
3. American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME):
a. ASME B 18: Bolts, Wood Screws, Fasteners

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For the following products:

1. Wood, lumber and timber wood based products

2. Engineered wood products
3. Underlayment materials
4. Metal anchors
5. Construction adhesives

B. Material certificates for dimension lumber specified to comply with minimum allowable unit
stresses. Indicate species and grade selected for each use.

C. Wood treatment data as follows, including chemical treatment manufacturer’s instructions for
handling, storing, installing, and finishing treated materials:

1. For each type of preservative-treated wood product, include certification by treating

plant stating type of preservative solution and pressure process used, net amount of
preservative retained, and compliance with applicable standards.
2. For waterborne-treated products, include statement that moisture content of treated
materials was reduced to levels indicated before shipment to Project site.
3. For fire-retardant-treated wood products, include certification by treating plant that
treated materials comply with specified standard and other requirements as well as
data relative to bending strength, stiffness, and fastener-holding capacities of treated
materials.

D. Material test reports from a qualified independent testing agency acceptable to the Engineer,
indicating and interpreting test results relative to compliance of fire-retardant-treated wood
products with requirements indicated.

E. Warranty of chemical treatment manufacturer for each type of treatment.

F. Shop drawings for furrings and supporting rough carpentry work as requested by the
Engineer. Shop drawings shall indicate dimensions of wood sections, jointing details, fixing
intervals, fixation details and other details as directed.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Quality System: Use products and materials produced by manufacturers holding Valid ISO
9001/9002 Quality System certificates.

B. Testing Agency Qualifications: To qualify for approval, an independent testing agency must
demonstrate to the Engineer’s satisfaction, based on evaluation of agency-submitted criteria
conforming to ASTM E 699, that it has the experience and capability to satisfactorily conduct
the testing indicated without delaying the work.

C. Single-Source Responsibility for Engineered Wood Products: Obtain each type of engineered
wood product from one source and by a single manufacturer.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

D. Single-Source Responsibility for Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood: Obtain each type of fire-

retardant-treated wood product from one source and by a single producer.
1.7 DEL IVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Keep materials under cover and dry. Protect from weather and contact with damp or wet
surfaces. Stack lumber, plywood, and other panels. Provide for air circulation within and
around stacks and under temporary coverings.

B. For lumber and plywood pressure treated with waterborne chemicals, place spacers between
each bundle to provide air circulation.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL

A. Grade Stamps: Provide lumber with each piece factory marked with grade stamp of
inspection agency acceptable to the Engineer evidencing compliance with grading rule
requirements and identifying grading agency, grade, species, moisture content at time of
surfacing, and mill.

1. Provide lumber with 15 percent maximum moisture content at time of dressing for
40mm actual thickness or less, unless otherwise indicated.

B. Strength grading of timber: to BS 5268 – 2; 2002 “Structural use of timber. Code of practice
for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship”. Grading to be carried out by
companies currently registered under a third party quality assurance scheme operated by any
of the certification bodies approved by the Engineer.

C. Timber of a basic thickness less than 100mm to be strength graded at an average moisture
content not exceeding 15% and clearly marked as ‘DRY’ or ‘KD’ (kiln dried).

2.2 QUALITY OF TIMBER

A. Timber shall be free of the following defects:

1. Unsound knots, dead knots, loose knots and knot holes.

2. Sapwood on any external hardwood.
3. Splits extending through the piece from one surface to another and ring shakes.
4. Decay and insect attack other than pinholes.

B. Defects arising from manufacture and knots may be cut or bored out and replaced with a plug
or insert of the same species, well glued-in. The plug shall be the full depth of the hole and
grain shall be in the direction of the grain of the piece into which it is inserted. The width of
any plug or insert shall not be more than 6mm greater than the maximum limit of the knot
size.

C. In jointed panels each piece shall be of the same species.

D. Temporary timber work may be executed in any timber chosen by the Contractor, who shall
remain responsible for the safety and sufficiency of such temporary timber work.

2.3 SOFTWOOD

A. Generally, softwood for joinery shall be of Douglas Fir or European Redwood complying with
BS EN 942:1996, and samples shall be submitted for approval by the Engineer. Other
suitable timber in this category may be offered by the Contractor for approval by the
Engineer.

B. Graded Softwood For Sub-Frames, Furring and Supports:

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

1. Strength graded to BS 4978: 1996 and BS EN 519 and so marked.

2. Surface Finish: Planed.
3. Preservative treatment: As specified in this Section.
4. Moisture content at time of erection: As specified in this Section.
5. Type of softwood is to be Douglas Fir.
6. Type of wood for applications in wet areas and bathrooms is to be Pitch Pine
(Ponderosa pine or Pinus Ponderosa).

2.4 HARDWOOD

A. Timber described as 'hardwood' in the contract documentation shall be Meranti (dark red) to
BS EN 942:1996, unless otherwise specified.

B. All hardwood timber shall be obtained where possible from managed sustainable forest
sources.

C. Planed representative samples of each hardwood species shall be submitted to the Engineer
before the manufacture of joinery work.

D. Hardwood generally shall comply with the requirements of BS EN 942 and BS 1186 – 2&3:
1988/1990.

E. Timber in the finished joinery shall be free from woolly textures, soft heart, sap wood, splits,
ring shakes, all evidence of insect attack and all faults caused by compression failures.
There shall be no wavy edges.

F. It shall be free from unsound knots and there shall be no knots of any description on exposed
faces, unless specifically agreed.

G. All timber door frames, windows, shades and shelters and exterior hardwood joinery shall be
of medium grade hardwood. Decorative joinery etc., shall be of first grade hardwood.

H. Where ‘First Grade Hardwood’ is specified, timber with the characteristics of Teak,
Afromosia, or Iroko will be permitted except where otherwise described. Consideration
should be given to the selection of hardwood species which are not endangered with
extinction, or the specification of which does not contribute to the deforestation of the rain
forests. The surface of the timber shall be selected so that the specified finish can be
obtained. Samples shall be submitted for approval by the Engineer.

I. Where ‘Medium Grade Hardwood’ is specified, timber with the characteristics of Sapele,
Agba or Meranti will be permitted except where otherwise described. The surface of the
timber shall be selected so that the specified finish can be obtained. Samples shall be
submitted for approval by the Engineer.

J. Hardwood for Frames Concealed Within Furniture Units:

1. Strength graded to BS 4978 and BS EN 14081 - 2 and so marked

2. Surface Finish: Planed
3. Preservative treatment: As specified in this Section
4. Moisture content at time of erection: As specified in this Section
5. Type of softwood is to be Beech or other dimensional stable hardwood acceptable to
Engineer.

2.5 WOOD-PRESERVATIVE-TREATED MATERIALS

A. General: All lumber and plywood used in rough carpentry work shall be preservative treated
and comply with applicable requirements of AWPA C2 (lumber) and AWPA C9 (plywood).
Mark each treated item with the quality mark requirements of an inspection agency
acceptable to the Engineer.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

B. For cuts after treatment, apply field treatment complying with AWPA M4 to cut surfaces.
Inspect each piece of lumber or plywood after drying and discard damaged or defective
pieces.

2.6 FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED MATERIALS

A. General: Unless otherwise specified, all lumber and plywood used in rough carpentry shall be
fire-retardant treated. Comply with applicable requirements of AWPA C20 (lumber) and
AWPA C27 (plywood). Identify fire-retardant-treated wood with appropriate classification
marking of a testing and inspecting agency acceptable to the Engineer.

B. Interior Type A: For interior locations, use chemical formulation that produces treated lumber
and plywood with the following properties under conditions present after installation:

1. Bending strength, stiffness, and fastener-holding capacities are not reduced below
values published by manufacturer of chemical formulation under elevated temperature
and humidity conditions simulating installed conditions when tested by a qualified
independent testing agency.
2. No form of degradation occurs due to acid hydrolysis or other causes related to
treatment.
3. Contact with treated wood does not promote corrosion of metal fasteners.

C. Inspect each piece of treated lumber or plywood after drying and discard damaged or
defective pieces.

2.7 MISCELLANEOUS LUMBER

A. General: Provide lumber for support or attachment of other construction, including cant strips,
bucks, nailers, blocking, furring, grounds, stripping, and similar members.

B. Fabricate miscellaneous lumber from dimension lumber of sizes indicated and into shapes
shown on shop drawings approved by the Engineer.

2.8 PLYWOOD PANELS FOR BACKING

A. Plywood for application in wet areas (bathrooms and toilets) shall comply with BS 1088 – 1 &
2: 2003 excluding plywood made from Gaboon.

1. Type: Marine quality plywood

2. Type: Veneer Core
3. Face Grade: For general applications
4. Nominal thickness: As indicated on Drawings or approved shop drawings
5. Finish: Unsanded
Preservative treatment: As specified in this Section
6. Fire Retardant Treatment: As specified in this Section

B. Plywood for other applications rather than application in wet areas:

1. Comply with BS 1088 and BS EN 636

2. Type: Veneer Core
3. Face Grade: Face Grade not Lower than II to BS EN 635-1
4. Nominal thickness: 12mm for athletic wood flooring underlayment and as
indicated on Drawings for other applications
5. Finish: Unsanded
6. Preservative treatment: As specified in this Section
7. Fire Retardant Treatment: As specified in this Section

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

2.9 FASTENERS

A. General: Provide fasteners of size and type indicated that comply with requirements specified
in this Article for material and manufacture. Provide fasteners with a hot-dip zinc coating per
ASTM A 153, except for in wet areas and bathrooms provide fasteners from stainless steel.

B. Nails, Wire, Brads, and Staples: FS FF-N-l05.

C. Power-Driven Fasteners: CABO NER-272.

D. WoodScrews: ASME B18.6.1.

E. Lag Bolts: ASME BI8.2.3.8M.

F. Bolts: Steel bolts complying with ASTM F 568, Property Class 4.6; with ASTM A 563M hex
nuts and, where indicated, flat washers.

G. Plaster Board Screws: As specified in Section 09260 - Gypsum Board Assemblies.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION, GENERAL

A. Discard units of material with defects that impair quality of rough carpentry and that are too
small to use with minimum number of joints or optimum joint arrangement.

B. Set rough carpentry to required levels and lines, with members plumb, true to line, cut, and
fitted.

C. Fit rough carpentry to other construction; scribe and cope as required for accurate fit.
Correlate location of furring, nailers, blocking, grounds, and similar supports to allow
attachment of other construction.

D. Apply field treatment complying with AWPA M4 to cut surfaces of preservative-treated lumber
and plywood.

E. Securely attach rough carpentry work to substrate by anchoring and fastening as indicated,
complying with the following:

1. CABO NER-272 for power-driven staples, P-nails, and allied fasteners,

2. Published requirements of metal framing anchor manufacturer,
3. “Recommended Nailing Schedule” of referenced framing standard and with AWPA’s
National Design Specifications for Wood Construction.’

F. Use common wire nails, unless otherwise indicated. Use finishing nails for finish work. Select
fasteners of size that will not fully penetrate members where opposite side will be exposed to
view or will receive finish materials. Make tight connections between members. Install
fasteners without splitting wood; predrill as required.

G. Countersink nail heads on exposed carpentry work and fill holes with wood filler.

3.2 WOOD GROUNDS, NAILERS, BLOCKING, AND SLEEPERS

A. Install wood grounds, nailers, blocking, and sleepers where shown and where required for
screeding or attaching other work. Form to shapes shown and cut as required for true line
and level of attached work. Coordinate locations with other work involved.

B. Attach to substrates to support applied loading. Recess bolts and nuts flush with surfaces,
unless otherwise indicated. Build into masonry during installation of masonry work. Where
possible, anchor to formwork before concrete placement.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 6 - WOOD AND PLASTICS

C. Install permanent grounds of dressed, preservative-treated, key-bevelled lumber not less

than 38mm wide and of thickness required to bring face of ground to exact thickness of finish
material. Remove temporary grounds when no longer required.

3.3 WOOD FURRING

A. Install plumb and level with closure strips at edges and openings. Shim with wood as required
for tolerance of finish work.

B. Furring to Receive Plywood or MDF Panelling: Install 20-by-65mm actual size furring at
600mm o.c., horizontally and vertically. Select furring with no knots capable of producing
bent-over nails and damage to panelling.

C. Furring to Receive Gypsum Board: Install 20-by-40mm actual size furring at 400mm o.c.,
vertically.

END OF SECTION 06100

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