Unit 4 | FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY

A PRONUNCIATION
1 Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or
D.
1. A. handicapped B. passionate C. invalid (adj) D. charity
2. A. remote B. helpful C. hopeless D. leader
3. A. worried B. wealthy C. ensure D. tired
4. A. basic B. lifestyle C. prepare D. rural
5. A. income B. employ C. urgent D. legal
6. A. develop B. contribute C. position D. interest
7. A. martyr B. profit C. advice D. public
8. A. matter B. devote C. apply D. concise
9. A. excited B. interact C. develop D. opinion
10. A. introduction B. priority C. society D. American
2 Practice saying the following sentences. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the ending sounds
/-nd/, / η / and /-nt/.
1. I don't understand what the student is saying.
2. She spent her weekend helping her grandmother in the garden.
3. He loves gardening. He thinks it is exciting.
4. The school's announcement was very interesting.
5. My friend is training to be a volunteer teacher.
6. The environment will be destroyed if we don't start acting.
7. It was raining at the weekend, but we still went to the mountain.

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1 Match each word with its definition.
1. Charity a. friendly, helpful feeling or attittude
2. Fundraiser b. thankful
3. Generous c. an organization set up to provide help for those in need
4. Goodwill d. the desire to promote the welfare of others
5. Grateful e. an event held to raise money for a charity
6. Non-profit f. fulfillment of one's wishes or the pleasure from this
7. Philanthropy g. showing a readiness to give more of something
8. Satisfaction h. not to make a profit
2 Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the words from Exercise 1.
1. I love to do volunteer work. I get great _______ in knowing that I helped someone.
2. This is a _______ organization. All the money made is donated to help the poor.
3. Our school organized a baking _______. We baked cakes and sold them. Then, we donated the money
to a local charity.
4. The poor students were very _______ for new clothes they received for Tet holiday.
5. She is the most _______ person I know. She always gives most of her money to the poor.
6. My children realize helping others through ______ is much better than wasting money on foolish toys.
7. The school has to rely on the _______ of the parents to help it raise money.
8. My favourite _______ is Pup Paws which provides food and home to abandoned dogs and cats.
3 Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets + -ful/-less.
1. How could you be so _______ (care) as to lose your wallet?
2. The weather was _______ (beauty) so we went for a walk.
3. Yesterday we had a _______ (wonder) dinner at a Spanish restaurant.
4. I am going to give some clothes to the _______ (home).
5. That little boy is absolutely ________ (fear)! He isn't afraid of anything.
6. Thank you so much! You were really ________ (help) to me.
7. I passed all of my English exams. I was _______ (success) for the first time.
8. Our pet is a _______ (hair) cat. We bought it from a Russian man.
9. That man is completely _______ (friend). He hasn't got any friends at all.
10. I spent a _______ (sleep) night worrying about you! Where have you been?
11. Be _______ (care) whenever you cross the street.
12. This is a very _______ (peace) town. You would like to live here.
13. She is a ________ (grace) athlete.
14. Serious people are generally ________ (truth).
15. Her reaction when he proposed was ________(price).
16. ________ (care) drivers often cause road accidents.
17. Computers are very ________ (use). They help people in all aspects of life.
18. The weather is ________ (beauty) today.
19. The sky is ________(cloud) and quite blue.
20. People should not smoke cigarettes because they are ________ (harm).
21. You should be ________ (hope) if you want to be happy.
4 Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets + -ed/-ing.
1. The film was a bit ________ (bore).
2. I was very ________ (bore) with the film.
3. That noise is very ________ (annoy).
4. I felt very ________ (depress) last week.
5. She was very, ________ (embarrass) when she had to stand up in class.
6. Ghost stories are very ________(frighten).
7. I'm very ________ (interest) in maths and physics.
8. I was very ________ (excite) when I heard the news.
9. We were ________ (disappoint) with our marks.
10. Tom thinks politics is ________ (interest).
11. He works very hard. It's not ________ (surprise) that he is always tired.
12. The teacher's explanationwas ________ (confuse). Most of the students didn't understand it.
13. The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. It was really ________ (disgust).
14. I've been working very hard all day and now I'm ________(exhaust).
15. Mary is a very ________ (interest) person. He knows a lot, she's travelled a lot and he's done lots of
different things.
16. It's been raining all day. This weather is ________(depress). This weather makes me feel _______
(depress).
17. I watched the programme on pandas. I was _________ (fascinate).
18. Having a massage is ________(relax)
19. I think the way Katie behaved was quite ________ (shock).
20. I just don't understand. I find the whole thing rather _______ (puzzle).
21. After travelling all day and night they were very ________(tire).
22. This film is quite ________ (amuse).
5 Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in the past or past progressive tense.
1. I was reading a book when suddenly I ________ (hear) a noise.
2. While Rose _______ (cook) dinner, her husband went to work.
3. While Sandra and Kathy were talking in the living-room,the doorbell ________ (ring).
4. Ben ________ (play) in a basketball team when he was a kid.
5. When Sharon ________ (come) home, her brother was playing video games.
6. When Angela got home, he ________ (make) some coffee.
7. They were sleeping when the burglars _______ (break) in.
8. We ________ (have) a lessonwhenweheard a terrriblenoise.
9. Whilel ________ (cycle), the rain started.
10. He ________ (injure) hisarmwhile he was playing basketball.
11. She met him while she ________ (travel) on a train.
12. While the woman was getting off the bus, she ________ (fall down).
13. The thief ________ (steal) our valuables while we were sleeping.
14. John took a photo while I ________(not/look).
15. While my mum was working in the garden, she ________(hurt) her back.
16. We were living in Hanoi when our old aunt ________(die).
17. When I got up this morning, it _______ (rain) heavily.
18. While my dad was brushing teeth, my mum ________(fall asleep).
19. I saw a nightmare while I ________ (sleep) last night.
20. What happened in your dream while a monster ________ (chase) you?
6 Fill in the gaps with the correct verb tense.
Teenagers Are Changing the World
My 16-year-old son, Dylan, 1. ________ (tell) everyone that one of the most amazing experiences of
his life 2. ________ (be) the trip he 3. ________ (take) to Costa Rica in the summer of 2005. Most people
4. ________ (assume) that this 5. ________ (be) a vacation - that he 6. ________ (be), perhaps, surfing
the waves! But Dylan 7. ________ (spend) almost the entire ten days of the trip building houses for local
residents. It 8. ________ (be) hard, dirty work. The conditions 9. ________ (be) primitive and the days
10. ________ (be) long. I never 11. ________ (think) that my typical teen would be willing to climb up
on a hot roof every day, but he 12. ________ (love) every minute of it! The feeling of camaraderie with
his fellow workers, and the eternal and loving gratitude of the people he 13. ________ (help), 14
________(make) this an unforgettable experience.
Encouraging teens to do volunteer work 15. ________ (be) one of the most important things you can
16. ________ (do) for them as a parent. And the amazing thing 17. ________ (be), once they 18.
________ (get) a taste of it, teenagers 19. ________ (love) to volunteer! In 2004, 55 percent of American
teenagers 20. ________ (volunteer)-almost twice the rate of adults, according to the Corporation for
National and Community Service. And students who 21. ________ (do) volunteer work actually 22.
________ (do) better in school than those who 23. ________ (not/volunteer). Albert Schweitzer once 24.
________ (say), "The only ones among you who 25. ________ (be) truly happy 26. ________ (be) those
who 27.________ (seek) and found how to serve." In fact, volunteering 28. ________ (provide) many
benefits for teens, including increased self-esteem, a feeling of being valued, the opportunity to meet new
people, the acquisition of valuable new skills, and a lifetime of wonderful memories and experiences.
Volunteer opportunities for adolescents 29. ________ (not/be) difficult to find. Some organizations
may 30. ________ (have) age restrictions if the job 31. ________ (involve) a certain amount of risk, but
opportunities 32. ________ (abound) for all ages! One of the best places to start 33. ________ (be) with
your local church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. My kids 34. ________ (find) volunteer
opportunities through the Parks and Recreation Department, hospitals, nature centres, libraries, children's
museums, community and teen centres, and just through word of mouth. My 13-year-old 35. ________
(have) a great time as a volunteer at a boat show, which 36. ________ (raise)
funds for charity. 37.________ (not/be) afraid to ask around. Most people 38. ________ (jump) at the
chance to put a volunteer to work!
When teenagers 39. ________ (learn) to serve others, they 40. ________ (become) empowered. They
41. ________ (grow) up knowing that they can 42. ________ (make) a difference in the world. Just
imagine what this kind of attitude can accomplish when our adolescents 43. ________ (be) soon the
leaders of society! Making the world a better place 44. ________ (start) by 45. ________ (show) our kids
how they can 46. ________ (be) part of impacting the future through volunteering.
(Text retrieved from: [Link]
C READING
1 Read the following texts about orphan kangaroos. Then, answer
the questions.
These cute baby kangaroos have unfortunately lost their mothers to
traffic accidents, a sadly common occurrencein Australia. But luckily,
volunteerslike Sam and Owen are on hand to look after them.
"She came with me to the university, just about everyone in my class
has hadcuddles with her. Especially during exam time, she's a bit of a
stress-relief. Just hand her around and she has cuddles!" Sam said.
Their work doesn't just involve looking after the orphans. It has a wider significance.
Owen said, “We go to schools and we go to markets and fairs and have all the animals there, so people
who may generally not come in contact with these animals - we give them that opportunity to and that
way, they can see, they can touch and they can get up and close with these animals and they build their
connection with the animals, with the environment and they're able to see the significance of their
actions.''
(Text and image retrieved from: [Link]
1. Match each word / phrase from the text with its definition.
i. occurrence a. available
ii. on hand b. a child / animal whose parents are dead
iii. to have cuddles c. importance
iv. orphan d. incident
v. significance e. very close to
vi. up and close f. to be close to somebody and touch or hug him
2. What is true about the baby kangaroos mentioned in the text?
A. They cause traffic accidents.
B. They are taken away from their mothers.
C. They are taken care of by humans.
3. What do volunteers do as part of their work?
A. They bring the animals to different places.
B. They rescue the orphans from the forest.
D. They have cuddles with other people.
4. What is the importance of letting other people pet the kangaroos?
A. To raise awareness about wildlife and the environment.
B. To encourage people to touch animals.
C. To allow people to build confidence around wild animals.
2. Read the following texts about pets in costumes. Then, answer the questions.
Nearly 70 pets including dogs, cats, and even a guinea pig
dressed up for the annual pet Halloween costume competition
'Scaredy Cats and Dogs' in Manila, Philippines.
A charity organises the event, and the charity is called the
Philippine Animal Welfare Society or PAWS, and the organisers
hope that the event encourages people to see animals in a
different light and to adopt them.

An animal shelter volunteer explained that they frequently attend events such as this to show how
beautiful dogs and cats are in costumes. They also want to raise awareness that pets should not be hurt or
kicked.
(Text and image retrieved from: [Link]
1. Match each word/phrase from the text with its definition.
i. annual a. motivate somebody to do something
ii. encourage b. make people notice something
iii. in a different light c. happening every year
iv. animal shelter d. a safe place for animals
v. raise awareness e. in a new way
2. What do we learn about the Halloween costume competition from the first paragraph?
A. People dress up as their pets for the competition.
B. The competition happens once a year.
C. The competition takes place in America.
3 What is the purpose of organising the competition?
A. To encourage people to buy pets.
B. To showcase beautiful pets for adoption.
C. To remind people to be kind to pets.
3. Read the following texts about saving Cambodian temples. Then decide if the statements are
True or False.
A team of 30 young volunteers are trying to raise money to help
save isolated Kampong Preah temples that people built over 1,200
years ago in a remote area in Cambodia.
SokemeanSrin explained that the temples were built in the 8th
century, which makes them older than Angkor Wat, but unfortunately
they are little known. That is why he decided to organise a cultural
charity rip to raise funds to support the historical site and to promote
tourism in the area, which is so remote that it can only be reached by boat.
Despite a third of the complex being destroyed, the temples still host religious ceremonies and provide
communal space for a nearby floating village.
(Text and image retrieved from: [Link]
1. True/False The team of volunteers are trying to rebuild the temples.
2. True/False The temples are over 1200 years old.
3. True/False The temples are more famous than Angkor Wat.
4. True/False The temples are located in a popular tourist area.
5. True/False The volunteers try to encourage people to visit the temples.
6. True/False You have to travel by boat to get to the temples.
7. True/False Most of the temples have been destroyed.
8. True/False Local people still use the temples to organise religious ceremonies.
4. Read the following texts about saving disabled children learning to surf. Then, answer the
questions.
Around 40 Australian children with disabilities can enjoy surfing
lessons once a month, thanks to volunteers from the Gold Coast
Disabled Surfers Association.
The mother of a four-year-old child who was born with cerebral
palsy* was happy t o see her son have a great time. She said that she
had never seen him so happy apart from the time when he went horse riding.
One of the volunteers said that many of the children do not get a chance to come to the beach, so
sometimes this is the first time that they have ever been in the ocean.
* cerebral palsy: bệnh bại não
(Text and image retrieved from: [Link]
1. What do volunteers at the Gold Coast Disabled Surfers Association do?
________________________________________________________________
2. How did the four-year-old with cerebral palsy feel about surfing?
________________________________________________________________
3. According to the volunteer, why is surfing a special experience for some children?
________________________________________________________________
5 Read the text about Christine Bushaway. Then, answer the questions.
Christine Bushaway is a bright, positive, warm, friendly teenager.
She seems just a little older than her real age of nineteen, but apart
from this, no one would think there was anything unusual about her.
But, as I found out when I went to interview her at her flat in east
London, Christine Bushaway is no ordinary teenager at all.
She works as a Community Service Volunteer (CSV). The CSV is a
government volunteer agency and its workers help people in the
community who are having problems or are less able to look after themselves than other people. A CSV
worker might help old people, young people or people with special needs. It's not an easy job: you need to
be emotionally strong as well - and you don't get paid.
Christine helps in a school for children with disabilities* and learning difficulties. She works with the
teacher in the classroom, helping the children through painting, maths and English, taking them out to
play and bringing them back in again. The job brought many challenges for her. 'At first I'd never seen
children with severe special needs', she says. 'So it was quite shocking for me at first. I was very sad to
see these children, the way they were. Some of them have emotional difficulties. Some of them get
violent, and they jump about and hit and kick, but they don't understand what they're doing, so you have
to be careful with them. Some have physical disabilities, and are in wheelchairs. Sometimes they're really
intelligent, and it's their physical disabilities that are holding them back.'
She says she would recommend anyone to do community service work, for the sense of enjoyment and
fulfillment it gives. 'But', she adds, 'it's not for everybody.'
(Text adapted from: [Link]
Match each word to its correct definition.
1. ordinary a. a condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities
2. special needs b. involving physical force intended to hurt or damage
3. disability c. suggest
4. severe d. serious
5. violent e. satisfaction or happiness
6. recommend f. normal
7. fulfilment g. particular educational requirements resulting from learning difficulties
Decide if each statement is True or False.
8. True/False Christine is older than 19.
9. True/False Christine is a normal teenager.
10. True/False Christine volunteers her time to help people with disabilities.
11. True/False Christine receives no money for her work.
12. True/False Christine works as a teacher for children with special needs.
13. True/False Al first, Christine was surprised with the serious disabilities of some children.
14. True/False Some of the children tried to hit her on purpose.
15. True/False Some children with physical disabilities can be very smart.
16. True/False Christine said everyone should work with disabled children.
Answer the following question.
17. Have you ever worked with disabled children? If yes, how was your experience? If no, would you
like to?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
D WRITING
1 Rewrite the sentences in the past tense, using the time expression in brackets.
1. The sun shines its rays through the green leaves. (Yesterday)
_________________________________________________________________
2. My cat bites me when I try to hold her. (Last night)
_________________________________________________________________
3. I wake up at 5a.m. this morning to catch a flight. (Last Monday)
_________________________________________________________________
4. The whole class stand up when the teacher comes in. (Yesterday)
_________________________________________________________________
5. He rides his horse every Saturday. (Last Saturday)
_________________________________________________________________
6. My mom always hides the presents until Christmas morning. (Last year)
_________________________________________________________________
7. She often forgets to turn off the lights when going out. (Last night)
_________________________________________________________________
8. I feel really good when I donate my clothes to the poor. (Last year)
_________________________________________________________________
9. Some of the boys in my class fight each other today. (Yesterday)
_________________________________________________________________
10. I feed the poor at a local soup kitchen at the weekend. (Last Sunday)
_________________________________________________________________
2 Read the following advertisement for volunteer opportunities.

Volunteer Opportunities
Volunteer Opportunities
You're in: Volunteer calendar » Help salvage native plants

Get involved in the Native Plant Salvage Program!

People from all around King County can volunteer for the Department of
Natural Resources' Native Plant Salvage Program. Volunteers remove
plants from sites which are scheduled for construction and later replant this
native plant at locations around the County. King County works with
developers and other agencies to locate potential salvage sites, organizes
volunteers to remove plants just prior to construction, and replants the
salvaged plants at habitat restoration projects.
Write to us now to apply!
You are interested in becoming part of the Native Plant Salvage Program in King County. Write an
application letter to be part of the volunteer team.
You can use these prompts if necessary:
- Experience working with plants: grew up on a farm; planted vegetables
- Want to preserve the environment
- Hardworking, patient, eager to learn
- Availability for interview: afterschool on weekdays; weekends
- Availability for volunteer work: afterschool on weekdays; weekends Native Plant Salvage Program
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to
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I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Mai Tran