St.

Scholastica's College Tacloban

Maharlika Highway Brgy.Campetic, Palo, Leyte

COLLEGE OF NURSING

I. Community Profile

A. History

Prior to incorporation as a separate municipality, Pastrana was part of the

municipality of Dagami.

Before the coming of the Spaniards, the settlement was called "Pamagpagan"
because of the way the native inhabitants left their hair in disarray. In 1891, Captain
Wenceslao Nielo, with the aid of a Spanish Franciscan friar by the name of Fr. Eusebio
Ibanez, organized the settlement into a town and was transferred from Guinbaya-an to its
present site. Father Ibanez blessed it with a holy mass. As a token of gratitude, the
inhabitants called the town "Pastrana" in honor of Fr. Ibanez who was a native of
Pastrana, Spain.

Shortly afterwards, parochial schools were established. At this time, the unit of
local administration was the pueblo which embraced a number of barrios. The first
gobernadorcillo was Captain Wenceslao Nielo. He was assisted in the administration of
the pueblo by the "Guinhaupan," a group of men equivalent to the present councilors, by
the "tenientes" and by the "Cabezas de barangay."

When the Philippine revolution broke out in 1898, the people fled to the
mountains and for a time, the local government then headed by Andres Villablanca, was
temporarily suspended. It was at this moment in the history of the town that Jorge Capili,
a guerrilla leader, burned the whole town. By the year 1901, Gregorio Marquez was
appointed municipal president. The Americans who occupied the whole country,
stationed a detachment at Dagami. They came once in a while to Pastrana to look after
the affairs of the little town. In 1903, the town was reverted into a barrio of Dagami due
to inadequate finances.

Pastrana for a time remained a barrio of Dagami. In 1912, Agaton Villablanca

worked for the establishment of the barrio to a municipality so that its former status was
finally regained. In gratitude, the people appointed Agaton Villablanca president. After
five years when the first municipal election was held, Agaton Villablanca retained his
leadership of the municipal government.

When the Japanese occupied Pastrana in 1942, the people secretly fled to the
mountains. The incumbent mayor also evacuated and his elder brother took his place. The
Japanese did not stay long. The guerillas burned down the buildings and for some time
there were no Japanese in the town. But in 1943, the Japanese returned, this time for long,
for the soldiers constructed a garrison. The Japanese invaders ordered the civilians to live
in the town proper. For two long years, the town residents suffered severely under the
Japanese oppression.

In 1944 when the American liberation forces drove out the Japanese, Francisco
Villablanca, who was the pre-war mayor, automatically resumed his position and under
him, the town was restored to its former status as a peaceful community.

At present, Pastrana is fast progressing in the agricultural field because of the

biggest gravity irrigation system in eastern Visayas, located at Barrio Tingib, lacing the
whole municipality with irrigation canals. A direct road to Palo as well as feeder roads
has been constructed. The Binaha-an Dam provides an ideal picnic site with the stately
Amandawing mountain in the background.

B. Physical Features

Pastrana is a landlocked municipality in the coastal province of Leyte. The

municipality has a land area of 86.35 square kilometers or 33.34 square miles which
constitutes 1.37% of Leyte's total area. Geographically, it is in the southwestern part of
Leyte, and about 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Tacloban City. Its rice fields and coconut
plantations are the main assets of the place. The climate is cool and the soil fertile.

1. Location and Boundaries

Cabaohan is situated at approximately 11.1383, 124.9109, in the island of Leyte.

Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 33.9 meters or 111.2 feet above mean sea
level.

Cabaohan shares a common border with the following barangay(s):

 Baculanad, Santa Fe, Leyte

 Socsocon, Pastrana, Leyte

 Cancaraja, Pastrana, Leyte

 Jones, Pastrana, Leyte

 Castilla, Palo, Leyte

 Manaybanay, Pastrana, Leyte

 Katipunan, Santa Fe, Leyte

2. Climate
The climate here is tropical. Leyte has a significant amount of rainfall during the
year. This is true even for the driest month. This climate is considered to be Af according
to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.

3. Means of Transportation

The common mode of transportation in Barangay Cabaohan includes the use of

tricycle and habalhabal for passengers going to their workplace, schools, or going in and
out to the town proper of Pastrana, Leyte. It is also known to be their extra source of
income. Accessibility to transportation is necessary especially for people living in distant
places to gain access to hospitals during emergency. It is also significant during time of
climate disasters for rescuing people to a safer area.

4. Medium of Communication

In terms of the medium of communication, the residents can speak and understand
Waray-waray, English and Tagalog. The people are able to understand each other
effectively by having an accustomed dialect which reduces barriers to communication.

The people utilize the use of smartphones and interpersonal communication to

interact with each other in the community either for disseminating information,
entertainment and socializing. The use of technology eases the difficulty of attaining
news in their day-to-day lives.

5. Resources Available in the Community

a. Physical Characteristic

Cabaohan is a barangay in Pastrana, Leyte which is a 5th class municipality in the

province of Leyte, Philippines. Its rice fields and coconut plantations are the main assets
of the place. The climate is cool and the soil fertile.

b. Facilities in the Barangay

At present, the existing infrastructures are the Health Center, Chapel, Elementary
School, Basketball Court and Barangay Hall. There in an adequate economic and
entertainment structures that meets the everyday needs of the people.

c. Water and Electricity

Water index is classified to have a medium quality and is supplied by LMWD and
there is an adequate distribution of electricity in the community which is supplied by
Leyeco III.
d. Managing the Garbage

Garbage collection: 0%

e. Peace and Order

The people in Barangay Cabaohan engage in following the peace and order rules
in their community. They manage things in their own way while observing lawful
behaviors. They have respect for authority, rules and laws. Therefore, Barangay
Cabaohan is regarded as a tranquil community.

f. Health and Nutrition

The Feeding Program is usually done at the Barangay Cabaohan Elementary

School. This shows a commendable effort of the teachers and parents to supply nutritious
food to those children who are in their growing-up years. Incorporated with the feeding
program, vital signs checking, prenatal check-up, and providing free vitamins to pregnant
and lactating mothers, infants and children are done either in the Barangay Health Center
or at the RHU.

Routine immunizations programs are facilitated either in the Barangay Health

Center or at the Rural Health Unit of Pastrana. Later data will show a successful rate of
immunization in the Barangay.

The constant health status monitoring and regular feeding programs suffices the
healthcare needs of the community. It’s not only the children who benefit from the
program but also the older adults who can actively participate in these activities.

II. Population

1. Total Population of the Barangay

According to the survey, the total population of Barangay Cabaohan was

410 individuals as of 2019.

2. Age and Gender Distribution

Table 1: Age and Sex Interval Distribution (<1, 1-4, 5-9, etc.) of the Families

1. Distribution of Respondents According to Age

Age Distribution Percentage

0-5 49 11.9%
6-10 43 10.5%
11-15 36 8.8%
16-20 41 10%
21-25 46 11.2%
26-30 33 8.04%
31-35 32 7.8%
36-40 13 3.2%
41-45 18 4.4%
46-50 26 6.34%
51-55 23 5.60%
56-60 9 2.2%
61-65 6 1.5%
66-70 6 1.5%
71-75 13 3.2%
76-80 12 2.92%
81-85 2 0.5%
86-90 0 0%
91-95 0 0%
96-100 2 0.5%
TOTAL: 410 100%

AGE
60

50 49
46
43
41
40
36
33 32
30
26
23
20 18
13 13 12
10 9
5 6 6
2 2 3 2 2
11.90%10.50%8.80%10.00%11.20%8.04%7.80%3.20%4.40%6.34%5.60%2.20%1.50%1.50%3.20%2.92%0.50%0.00%0.00%0.50%
0 0
0
0-5 06- Nov- 16- 21- 26- 31- 36- 41- 46- 51- 56- 61- 66- 71- 76- 81- 86- 91- 96-
Oct 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Findings:

Based on the table, the lowest number of the residents belongs to ages 81-85 and 96-100
years old both having a percentage of 0.5. Meanwhile, most of the residents are at the age of 0-5
years old equivalent to 11.9% of the total population.

Data Interpretation:
The data implies that the population of the community is growing. Evidently, most of the
residents of Barangay Cabaohan is composed of infants, the increasing number of ages 0-5 years
old indicates that there is an increasing number of population.

2. Distribution of Respondents of According to Sex

Sex Distribution Percentage

Male 218 53%
Female 192 47%
TOTAL: 410 100%

SEX

Female
47%
Male
53%

Findings:

The table shows that 53% of the total population is composed of 218 males and 47% of
the population is composed of 192 females.

Data Interpretation:

Obviously, the data implies that the number of males in the population is greater than
females, in terms of manpower the community had an advantage in dealing with heavy works
such as farming and in construction.

III. Civil Status

1. Distribution of Respondent According to Civil Status

Civil Status Distribution Percentage

Single 261 63%
Married 108 26%
Not Married/Live-in 30 8%
Widowed 11 3%
TOTAL: 410 100%

Civil Status
Single Married Widowed Not Married/Live-in

8%
3%

28%

61%

Findings:

The table above shows that 63% of the total population are single and only 3% of the
population are widowed.

Data Interpretation:

The data suggests that people chose to remain single for a variety of reasons, including
(but not limited to): financial duress, pursuing educational or professional advancement, lack of
suitable partner, changes in perceptions of the necessity of marriage, dedication to religions
orders that do not allow for marriage and due to the increasing trend of marrying later in life and
cohabitation.

IV. Total Households

There are a total 119 household in Barangay Cabaohan Pastrana, Leyte.

V. Economic Indices

A. Type of Occupation % estimates

1. Distribution of respondent according to Occupation

Occupation Distribution
Laborer 36
Housewife 29
Farmer 27
Self-Employed 18
Social Worker 11
Maid/Helper 9
Teacher 7
Driver 6
BHW 4
Army 2
Construction Worker 2
Delivery Boy 2
Police 2
Sale Lady 2
Accountant 1
Babysitter 1
Baker 1
Caretaker 1
Domestic Helper 1
Electrician 1
HRM 1
Kargador 1
Nurse 1
Vendor 1
TOTAL 167

OCCUPATION
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
r ed er er er er W y er oy ce dy nt er er er er an M or se or
ife e
e w arm loy ork elp ach Driv BH Arm ork ry B Poli La nta sitt Bak tak elp rici HR gad Nur end
us F mp l W d/H Te W e le u by e H
ar tic lec
t r V
Ho - E i a a i on el i v Sa cco Ba C s E Ka
l f oc M c ti D A e
Se S ru m
nst Do
Co

Findings:
The table above shows that manual labor is the most usual occupation with a total
number of 36 laborers followed by housewife consisting 29 homemakers, and agriculture
composed of 27 farmers.
Data Interpretation:

Based on survey, most of the residents are college undergraduate and are coerced to do
casual works, manual labor and farming that serves as their primary source of income to meet
their everyday family and personal needs.

VI. Socio-cultural Indices

1. Educational Attainment

Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a

school or universities. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. It helps us build opinions
and have points of view on things of life.
Educational Total Percentage
Attainment
Elementary 111 27%
Undergraduate
Elementary Graduate 74 18%
High School 36 9%
Undergraduate
High School Graduate 64 16%
College Undergraduate 29 7%
College Graduate 63 15%
Vocational 3 1%
None 30 7%
TOTAL 410 100%

Findings:

As shown above, 27% of the residents in the community are Elementary Undergraduate,
18% are Elementary Graduate, 16% are High School Graduate, 15% are College Graduate so on
and so forth.

Data Interpretation:

The data implies that only few are able to graduate with a college degree. The cause of these
poor education is due to (but not limited to) lack of financial support in pursuing college, early
marriage, teen pregnancy, and absence of government support, etc.

2. Religion

Religion is a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals,

worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations that relates humanity to
supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements. It can indeed influence the reverse we offer
the genuine God.

Based on the information we gathered; the individuals of that community have the same
set of convictions as prove of (100%) of the individuals living in Barangay Cabaohan Pastrana,
Leyte are all Roman Catholic.

3. Place of Origin

4. Housing

A house is a building that is made for people to live in. It is a “permanent” building that
is meant to stay standing. It is not easily packed up and carried away like a tent, or moved like a
caravan. House may differently base on shapes and sizes.

1. Type of Houses

DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE
WOOD 28 37%
MIXED 37 49%
CONCRETE 16 21%
TOTAL 75 100%

concrete
21%
wood
30%

mixed
49%

Findings:

Based upon the data, 49% houses are made of mixed materials, 37% of houses are made
up of wood, and 21% of houses are made of concrete material.

Data Interpretation:

The data implies that the community is composed of houses made up of different
material. The majority of houses are up of mixed materials. The residents chose their houses to
be built that way because its practical, affordable and yet made of good quality material.
However, when calamities do occur there is a chance that almost 50% of the houses in the
barangay will be totally damage due to its nondurable structure.

2. Ownership

1. Is your house owned?

DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE
YES 72 96%
NO 3 4%
TOTAL 75 100
NO
4%

YES
96%

Findings:

The data shows that 96% of household occupants have their own respective houses.
Hence, there is a smaller number of residents don’t have their own houses.

Data Interpretation:

The data implies that almost all own their respective houses but few residents of Barangay
Cabaohan had not met the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs of self-actualization because a family
should have a shelter for their children to have a better living.

2. Is your lot owned?

DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE
YES 37 49%
NO 38 51%
TOTAL 75 100
YES
NO 49%
51%

Findings:

The graph above shows that 49% of residents own their lot and 51% does not.

Data Interpretation:

The data entails that almost half of the residents of Barangay Cabaohan has not met the
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs of self-actualization. This phenomenon occurred because half of
the families are financially deficient to have their own lot.

VII. Environmental Indices

A. Water Supply

WATER LEVEL TYPE FREQUENCY %

Level 1 155 95%
Level 2 8 5%

Water is primarily supplied by Leyte Metropolitan Water District (LMWD).

Water source of barangay are classified into deep wells, river, spring, and bought
drinking water. Only level 1 and level 2 water sources are present in the barangay. It
explains that most people share from one water source and no household owns a
respective water source.

1. Type of water supply

DISTRIBUTION
BOUGHT 34
OWNED 27
SHARED 14
TOTAL 75
Types of Water Supply

45

40

35

30
Axis Title

25

20

15

10

0
bought owned shared

Findings:

Base on table above, among the 75-household population, 45% is bought, 36% is owned
and 19% is shared water supply.

Data Interpretation:

In Brgy, Cabaohan, Pastrana, Leyte according to the data gathered the bought water is the
main source of water supply. Water is the most essential element to life on earth. It serves as a
transporter of nutrients, waste products and other substances and a shock absorber. According to
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, water belongs to the first stage which is the physiological needs
together with food, breathing and sleep. Thus, in Brgy. Cabaohan bought water is the safest
drinking, cooking and bathing water source for the people.

B. Garbage Disposal

DISTRIBUTION
BURNING 55
BURYING 12
OPEN DUMPING 21
WASTE SEGREGATION 9
FEEDING TO ANIMALS 8
COLLECTED 8
TOTAL 108
Findings:

The table above shows that 55 residents engage in burning their garbage, 21 people throw
their garbage at an open dumpsite, and 12 residents bury their garbage, and some of them feed it
to their animals.

Data Interpretation:

According to Florence Nightingale, environmental theory, environment affect the health

of a person and the data above shows that the residents of Barangay Cabaohan improperly
disposed their garbage. There are numerous underlying factors present in the environment which
can alter the health of a person. One of which is improper garbage disposal where it is
completely exposed to the environment. It is through the spread of bacteria from uncleansed
surroundings, poor hygiene practices and improper sanitation that starts within their homes.

VIII. Health Indices

1. Infant Feeding Practices

Breastfeeding is the initial infant feeding practice in the barangay. Breastfeeding

has shown to have many benefits to the mother, most especially to the baby. Breastmilk is
recommended by pediatricians than milk formula. Breastfed babies lower the event of
any infections through the antibodies present which boosts the baby’s immune system.
Breastfeeding also saves money and time.

2. Immunization Status

With the data gathered, the immunization rate in the barangay concludes to be
98%. This is supported with the data of 0% Infant Mortality Rate. After birth, BCG is
already given to babies to protect them from tuberculosis. As the child gets older and
reaches old age, multiple vaccines are given in between for promoting health and
preventing any communicable diseases.

In Barangay Cabaohan there is an increased compliance and importance in the

importance of vaccination. They present a commendable participation to immunization
programs organized by the BHWs, CHNs or government agencies. This practice then
leads to a minimal rate of transmissible conditions developing herd immunity.

Immunization Status of Family Members

Immunization Total
Complete 50
Ongoing 4
None 2
TOTAL 56

Immunization
Complete Ongoing None Incomplete

4% 4%
4%

89%

Findings:

The data shows that 50 children have been completely immunized, while 4 children are
still ongoing and 2 of them have not receive any vaccine yet.

Data Interpretation:

The result implies that the residents of Cabaohan have high compliance in the routine
immunization conducted by the Department of Health. This is a big achievement to raise the herd
immunity in the community. It also indicates that they are aware of immunization conducted by
the rural health center namely BCG, OPV, DPT, HEPA B and measles.

3. Family Planning

Based on interview, family planning is considered by most of the residents. This

indicates that proper sex education is effective to individuals and families. Planning also
helps the mother to prepare for a healthy pregnancy thus improving the well-being of
both of them. This also is a good method to prevent unwanted pregnancies and spread of
sexually transmitted diseases.

IX. Community Diagnosis

1. Objective
To assess the common factors that causes the improper garbage disposal in the
barangay. To teach the residents of Brgy. Cabaohan on how to properly dispose their
garbage, to find alternative ways in eliminating their garbage and to ensure that the
community will maintain the cleanliness in the community.

2. Determining the Study Population

Based on the objectives of the community diagnosis, we identify the population

group to be included in the study. It includes 55 residents of the barangay who incinerate
their garbage.

3. Determining the Data to be Collected

The data that will be collected is about the type of garbage management that
includes the collection, transport, and disposal together with monitoring and regulation of
the management process to have a holistic view about the community situation,
particularly on the strengths and needs which are vital in developing a course of action to
guarantee that the community will bring an end to incinerating their garbage.

4. Collecting the Data

The researchers utilized the data collection method through survey,

interview/focus group, and observation to:

 understand the general characteristics or opinions of a group of people

 distribute a list of questions to a sample online, in person or over-the-

phone

 gain an in-depth understanding of perceptions or opinions on a topic

 verbally ask participants open-ended questions in individual interviews or

focus group discussions

 understand something in its natural setting

 measure or survey a sample without trying to affect them

5. Developing the Instrument

The researchers adapted the survey questionnaires as the primary instrument

provided by the Dean of College of Nursing.

6. Data Gathering Methodology

Before gathering the actual data, the students first discussed about what data are
necessary to be obtained then each student went house to house to collect the data from
the residents of Barangay Cabaohan Pastrana, Leyte.

7. Data Presentation

Types of Garbage Disposal

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
Axis Title

25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Burning Burying Open Waste Feeding
dumping Segregation Animals

Types of Garbage Disposal in Barangay Cabaohan Pastrana, Leyte

DISTRIBUTION
BURNING 55
BURYING 12
OPEN DUMPING 21
WASTE SEGREGATION 9
FEEDING TO ANIMALS 8
COLLECTED 8
TOTAL 108

Findings:

The table above shows that 55 residents engage in burning their garbage, 21 people throw
their garbage at an open dumpsite, and 12 residents bury their garbage, and some of them feed it
to their animals.
Data Interpretation:

According to Florence Nightingale, environmental theory, environment affect the health

of a person and the data above shows that the residents of Brgy. Cabaohan improperly disposed
their garbage. There are numerous underlying factors present in the environment which can alter
the health of a person. One of which is improper garbage disposal where it is completely exposed
to the environment. It is through the spread of bacteria from uncleansed surroundings, poor
hygiene practices and improper sanitation that starts within their homes.

8. Data Analysis

According to the result, improper garbage disposal is the major problem of the residents
in Barangay Cabaohan Pastrana Leyte. The problems are incinerating, throwing their garbage in
an open dumpsite, burying, feeding to animals and the lack of garbage collection. This problem
could harm not only the residents but also the environment itself. The knowledge of the residents
about their current situation is based on their own experiences. Although they were able to give
advice to people that might experience the same situation by segregating their waste properly but
since they don’t have enough funds to support garbage truck collection they resulted to the
incinerating of their garbage.

In the study of Mamady (March 8, 2016), improper waste disposal happens due to the
community residents who had poor knowledge and unsafe behavior in relation to waste
management. The answers of the respondents about the reasons and factors that causes improper
waste disposal mainly focused on three themes: insufficient funds, absence of garbage trucks,
lack of awareness and knowledge, and lack of discipline.

9. Problems Identified

Criteria Weight Open Improper Low Family

Drainage Garbage Income
System Disposal
Nature of the problem
Health status 3
Health resources 2 1 0.33 0.33 0.33
Health-related 1

Magnitude of the problem

75%-100% affected 4
50%-74% affected 3 3 3 2.25 2.25
25%- 49% affected 2
<25% - affected 1
Criteria Weight
Modifiability of the problem
High 4
Moderate 3 4 3 4 3
Low 2
Not modifiable 1
Preventive potential
High 3 1 1 1 0.67
Moderate 2
Low 1
Social Concern
Urgent community 2
concern
Expressed readiness 1 1 1 1 1
recognized
as a problem but not 0
needing
urgent attention
Not a community concern

Total Score 8.33 8.58 7.25

X. Problem Tree Analysis

Air Pollution and destruction of ozone layer

Release of toxic chemicals such

as dioxide and furans

Aggravates respiratory conditions Soil and water pollution

Produces toxic smoke Produces ash waste

High Prevalence of Improper

Garbage Disposal as a health threat
to the community of Barangay
Cabaohan Pastrana, Leyte

Excessive amounts of waste Lack of education/information

Lack of waste collection services Ineffective implemented guidelines

for proper disposal of garbage.

Poor planning for proper garbage disposal

Lack of community coordination and cooperation

Goal:
The general objective is to educate the barangay to know how to properly dispose their
garbage, to find alternative ways in eliminating their garbage and to ensure that the community
will maintain the cleanliness in Barangay Cabaohan and to positively influence the community
on health promotion and disease prevention through health education.

Objectives:
1. Within 3 months, 85% of the population in the community will have an increased level of
awareness and knowledge with regards to proper garbage disposal.
2. Within a year, 95% of the population will show improvements on proper garbage
collection, management, and disposal to prevent health risks posed by incineration of
garbage and maintaining cleanliness in the community.

XI. Suggestion/ Recommendation

Possible Solutions of the Problem

According to the residents of Barangay Cabaohan, one of the most evident problems that
are happening in the barangay is the improper garbage disposal of the residents. They have no
choice but to incinerate their garbage and this is causing air pollution that increases the
barangay’s carbon footprint. From the interview that the group conducted, they have perceived
that the barangay did not attempt to solve the said problem.

Organic wastes, such as food waste and yard waste, make up 25 to 50% of what people
throw away. While you may not be able to compost all of the organic waste you generate,
composting can significantly cut down on your overall trash. When we throw away yard and
food waste, it decomposes in a landfill and releases methane gas, a potent greenhouse gas. While
most landfills have technology to capture much of this methane, eliminating the gas at its source
is even better. (Resource Recovery & Waste Management Division, 2017)

The project ‘composting’ is to help the residents of Barangay Cabaohan to properly

dispose waste and to stop their current way of waste disposal. The project is a big help to restore
or replace worn-out or contaminated soils for gardens. Also, composting can help to reduce the
amount of waste that needs to be disposed of.

Composting is better than burning the garbage, in composting the soil will also benefit, it
makes the soil fertile and rich. Composting can affect Barangay Cabaohan for a long time in
terms of environmental and economic. In environmental, composting can enrich the nutrients of
the soil which can help in their agriculture. In economic, composting can help their agriculture
be more efficient which their primary source of income is. In cultural terms, it can change their
accustomed way of waste removal which is the incinerating of the waste that can destroy the
ozone layer to composting that is low-cost way of waste segregation and can also give nutrients
to the soil.
One of the possible solutions is recycling. Wastes like bottles, papers and plastic can be
recycled instead of throwing it in corners of the street. It’ll help to convert the waste materials
into products which can be reused of anyone living in the barangay, example is a plastic bottle
which they can use as a pot for the plants in the barangay.

Another one. is having a compost pit in their own backyard. Residents can throw all their
organic waste in the compost pit which they can also use as a fertilizer after waiting for a several
time of decomposing. Just like what other residents said, they’re burning all their waste in their
backyard instead of throwing it anywhere.

Residents can also separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste; it is important to

separate the two. Biodegradable can use as fertilizers while the non-biodegradable can be
recycled and can be used again. In short the most effective solutions of the problem are applying
the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Proper knowledge is important in every resident for them
to apply and to contribute properly in solving their waste disposal problem. This is why the
nursing students planned on putting three trash bins near the compost pit that separate plastic,
glass bottles and cans.

The project’s nature is that it is an ‘Environmental Prototype’. The project is a compost

pit that can enrich the fertility of the soil and will help the resident’s source of living which is the
agriculture. This type of waste segregation is low cost and eco-friendly since it only uses land
space and it doesn’t need fire and other harmful substance that can affect the environment.
Composting is also easy to main, besides the group will provide a cover to avoid excessive water
caused by rain, the group will also provide fence to avoid accidents that can harm especially
children and animals and also trash bin for the non-biodegradable such as paper, bottles and
cans. A seminar will be conducted to inform the residents the guidelines and tips on how to
effectively use the compost pit that will sustain the effectiveness of the compost pit for longer
time. The group will also provide a shredder since grind waste is faster to decompose than the
normal size of waste that will be thrown on the compost pit. Once the project was implemented
an evaluator will evaluate and provide status.

This project will require shovel, organic materials, masonry lining and fertilizer as said
on the group’s reference but in this case, the group chose not to spend too much money so they
replaced masonry lining with bamboo sticks and cover. Instead of using shovel since this is a
large project the group have decided that they should hire some workers, hopefully with
equipment, to dig up. For the shredder, we will need electric string trimmer, plywood, hardware
cloth and deck screws. In addition to this project, the group will device* a cover with a
detachable mixer to reduce the diffusion of the pit’s odor, this is also for the convenience for
those who will mix the pit’s contents regularly.

There are three main processes in accomplishing our project. First, the residents must put
their biodegradable wastes in the shredder to help speed up the decomposition process for
composting while the non-biodegradable will be placed in the provided trash cans beside the
compost pit. Next, the biodegradable wastes will be dumped in the compost pit. Lastly, the
compost pit should be covered up and will be mixed up for maintenance.
Recommendations

1. Absence of proper waste management and consistent incineration of garbage is present in the
barangay. The product that will be made by the nursing students which is the shredder with
compost pit can improve the carbon footprint and cleanliness for the community.

2. The group recommend that the citizens in the barangay to attend the seminar that will be held
by the group to further discuss on how to manipulate the shredder and compost pit.

3. Compost is one of the important organic amendment because it will be used for the
sustainability of the soil and in the environment. The plan focuses on the specific benefit and
long-life effects of composting.

4. Citizens being exposed to the culture and lifestyle in Barangay Cabaohan which is mostly
based on agriculture. The compost from the project will be a natural fertilizer that would be
used by the citizens to prevent them from the need of using chemical fertilizers which can
greatly harm the soil.

XII. Action Plan