Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

    • 111 views

    ADR - Nursing As An Art LECTURE PART 2a CARING

    Uploaded by

    RaRe TV
    The document discusses models of nursing practice and the concept of caring. It compares and contrasts six models of caring: Benner, Leininger, Watson, Swanson, Boykin and Schoenhofer, and Locsin. The models emphasize that caring is the essence and central focus of nursing. Caring involves human interaction, appreciating uniqueness, and improving individual welfare. The document also outlines the "6 C's of caring" as care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, and commitment. Finally, it discusses manifestations of caring in practice and the importance of self-care.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ADR - Nursing As An Art LECTURE PART 2a CARING

    Uploaded by

    RaRe TV
    111 views25 pages
    The document discusses models of nursing practice and the concept of caring. It compares and contrasts six models of caring: Benner, Leininger, Watson, Swanson, Boykin and Schoenhofer, and Locsin. The models emphasize that caring is the essence and central focus of nursing. Caring involves human interaction, appreciating uniqueness, and improving individual welfare. The document also outlines the "6 C's of caring" as care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, and commitment. Finally, it discusses manifestations of caring in practice and the importance of self-care.

    Original Title

    ADR_ nursing as an art LECTURE PART 2a CARING

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses models of nursing practice and the concept of caring. It compares and contrasts six models of caring: Benner, Leininger, Watson, Swanson, Boykin and Schoenhofer, and Locsin. The models emphasize that caring is the essence and central focus of nursing. Caring involves human interaction, appreciating uniqueness, and improving individual welfare. The document also outlines the "6 C's of caring" as care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, and commitment. Finally, it discusses manifestations of caring in practice and the importance of self-care.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    111 views25 pages

    ADR - Nursing As An Art LECTURE PART 2a CARING

    Uploaded by

    RaRe TV
    The document discusses models of nursing practice and the concept of caring. It compares and contrasts six models of caring: Benner, Leininger, Watson, Swanson, Boykin and Schoenhofer, and Locsin. The models emphasize that caring is the essence and central focus of nursing. Caring involves human interaction, appreciating uniqueness, and improving individual welfare. The document also outlines the "6 C's of caring" as care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, and commitment. Finally, it discusses manifestations of caring in practice and the importance of self-care.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 25

    NURSING AS AN

    ART
    LECTURE PART 2-a: THE ART OF CARING
    September 30, 2021
    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    At the end of the session, the students shall be able to:

    compare
    discuss the and contrast apply the
    essence of caring 6C’s of caring
    caring in practice in caring for
    models one’s self and
    nursing
    others
    “Caring is the essence of NURSING.”

    “There is no cure when there isno


    CARE.”
    Nursing is the pivotal health
    profession highly valued for its CARING and
    specialized knowlege skill, and knowledge are the core
    CARING in improving the health
    of nursing... with
    CARING being a key
    status of the individual, family component of what a
    and community. nurse brings to a
    -Nursing Agenda for the Future
    patient experience.
    (ANA, 2002) - American Organization of Nurse
    Executives
    (AONE, 2015)
    MODELS of NURSING
    PRACTICE
    BENNER BOYKIN &
    WATSON SCHOENHOFER
    LEININGER SWANSON LOCSIN
    BENNER’s MODEL
    (include work with Wrubel 1989 and others in 2010)

    ➢ CARING - is primary because it determines what matters to


    people CARING
    ➢ it involves a lot of interactions
    ➢ it determines what is stressful to people and how to IS
    cope PRIMARY
    ➢ CARING creates a lot of POSSIBILITIES (Benner and Wrubel, 1989)
    ➢ connecting with people
    ➢ concern for others
    ➢ allows giving and receiving health
    BENNER’s MODEL
    (include work with Wrubel 1989 and others in 2010)
    ➢ NURSING – is a process of helping people cope with the
    stress of illness
    ➢ not blindly following sets of prescribed rules CARING
    ➢ each patient is unique IS
    PRIMARY
    o ILLNESS – is not reducible to disease (cellular pathology)
    o Caring depends on discerning problems, solutions and
    helping patients implement, and live, a solution.
    o Nursing is a moral act that goes beyond mere application
    of scientific knowledge.
    LEININGER’s MODEL
    CARE – is the essence, central unifying and dominant
    domain that distinuguishes nursing from all other
    health disciplines
    ➢ is an essential HUMAN NEED (necessary for health and TRANS-
    survival) CULTURAL
    ➢ CARE versus CURE CARING
    ACTS of CARING – refer to those “nurturing” and skillful
    activities
    ➢ empathetic
    ➢ compassionate
    ➢ supportive
    LEININGER’s MODEL
    CARING – is very personal (although universal)
    ➢ differ in expression, processes and patterns
    ➢ “culturally” based and rooted
    TRANS-
    NURSES – must understand “cultural caring” behaviors CULTURAL
    ➢ need to get to know the context of the person/s CARING
    cared for
    WATSON’S MODEL
    CARING – is the “central” focus of nursing
    ➢ integral to maintain the ethical and philosophical
    roots of the profession (2008)
    TRANS-
    ➢ demands “high quality interaction” from nurses
    PERSONAL
    ➢ HOLISTIC approach – a conscious intention to care CARING
    promotes healing and wellness (2008; 2010)
    ➢ rejects the disease orientation to health care

    ➢ CARE before cure


    WATSON’S MODEL
    CARING – becomes almost spiritual (raises questions on
    what it means to be human and humane)
    - it involves the use of
    TRANS-
    o 10 carative factors
    o Caritas processes PERSONAL
    CARING
    ❖ The model is TRANSFORMATIVE – it influences both
    the patient and the nurse (better or worse)

    ❖ Caring consciousness (on the part of the nurse)


    promotes HEALING
    SWANSON’s MODEL
    CARING - is a nurturing way of relating to a valued
    other towards whom one feels a personal sense of THEORY
    commitment and responsibility
    of
    ➢ it is growth and health-producing (nurturing) CARING &
    ➢ occurs in relationships (relating) to the one cared- HEALING
    for (a valued other)
    ➢ individualized and intimate (personal), with a sense
    of commitment (passion), accountability and duty
    (responsibility)
    SWANSON’s MODEL
    NURTURING is a set of interrelated processes that evolve from
    the nurse’s own convictions, knowledge, and interaction
    with a patient THEORY
    of
    CARING &
    HEALING
    BOYKIN and SCHOENHOFER’s MODEL
    CARING – an innate human characteristic
    ➢ all persons are caring by virtue of their humanness
    ➢ is an essential feature and expression of being
    human NURSING
    ➢ being a person means “living” caring AS
    o Caring is living in context of relational
    CARING
    responsibilities.
    o Caring is responsibility to self and others.
    o Caring shapes relationships.
    BOYKIN and SCHOENHOFER’s MODEL
    6 major assumptions:
    o Persons are caring by virtue of their
    humanness.
    o Persons are caring moment to moment. NURSING
    o Persons are whole or complete in the moment. AS
    o Personhood is living grounded in caring. CARING
    o Personhood is enhanced through
    participating in nurturing relationships with
    others.
    o Nursing is both a discipline and a profession.
    LOCSIN’s MODEL
    Assumptions:
    o Persons are whole or complete in the moment
    (Boykin and Schoenhofer, 2001)
    TECHNOLOGICAL
    o Knowing persons is a process of nursing that
    COMPETENCY as
    allows for continuous appreciation of persons CARING
    moment to moment (Locsin, 2005)
    o Nursing is a discipline and a professional
    practice (Boykin and Schoenhofer, 2001)
    o Technology is used to know persons as whole
    moment to moment (Locsin, 2004)
    LOCSIN’s MODEL
    CARING – is an expression of TECHNOLOGICAL
    COMPETENCY
    ➢ co-existence of technology and caring provides TECHNOLOGICAL
    a framework for practice COMPETENCY as
    CARING
    FOCUS of NURSING:
    ➢ to know human beings fully as a whole person
    ➢ affirm, appreciate, and celebrate personhood
    through expert and competent use of nursing
    technologies
    COMMON THEMES ACROSS the CARING
    MODELS
    Human interaction or communication

    Mutuality

    Appreciating the uniqueness of individuals

    Improving the welfare of individuals and families


    The 6 C’s of CARING
    The 6 C’s of CARING
    How to practice: How to practice:
    How to practice:
    ✓ Keep them safe ✓ Be with them in
    times of loneliness ✓ Regular
    ✓ Prevent harm
    ✓ Maintain “human” observations
    ✓ Ensure high
    contact ✓ Thorough
    quality care
    ✓ Attitude (show the assessments
    ✓ Get to know
    6 Cs) ✓ Prevent: risks
    them
    ✓ Maintain and falls
    ✓ Make them feel
    affirm dignity infections
    valued

    CARE COMPASSION COMPETENCE


    The 6 C’s of CARING

    How to practice: How to practice:


    How to practice:
    ✓ Regular interaction ✓ Challenging “poor”
    ✓ Enhancing comfort practice ✓ Professionalism
    ✓ Decreasing anxiety ✓ Proper reporting or ✓ Patient at the
    ✓ Make them feel “whistle-blowing” center of care
    valued ✓ Admission of one’s ✓ Perseverance
    ✓ Verbal and non- limitations; ✓ Active “presence”
    verbal (gentle apology and listening
    approach) ✓ Patient advocate

    COMMUNICATION COURAGE COMMITMENT


    MANIFESTATIONS of CARING in PRACTICE

    Provide Use appropriate Active


    PRESENCE TOUCH LISTENING

    KNOWING SPIRITUAL RELIEVING FAMILY


    the patient Care symptoms and care
    suffering
    TAKING CARE of SELF and OTHERS
    References:

    American Nurses Association [ANA]. (2002). Nursing’s agenda for the future: a call to the nation.
    Retrieved from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.195.649&rep=rep1&type=pdf Accessed on
    August 30, 2020
    American Organization of Nurse Executives [AONE]. (2015). Guiding principles for the role of the nurse in future healthcare delivery toolkit.
    Retrieved from: https://www.aonl.org/resources/guiding-principles Accessed on August 30, 2020

    Benner, P.& Wrubel J. (1989). The Primacy of caring, stress and coping in health and illness. Menlo Park, CA, Addison Wesley
    Boykin, A. & Schoenhofer, S. (2013). Nursing as caring. [Ebook #42988]. Retreived from: www.gutenberg.org Accessed on August 29, 2020
    Locsin, R. (2007). Technological competency as caring: a model for nursing. Retreived from www.https://nursing.fau.edu
    Accessed on August 29, 2020
    Potter, P.A., Perry, A. G., Hall, A., & Stockert, P.A. (2017). Fundamentals of nursing. Ninth edition. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier.
    Watson J. (2010). Caring science and the next decade of holistic healing: transforming self and system from the inside out. American Holistic
    Nurses Association 30(2): 14. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Accessed on August 29, 2020
    Watson, J. (2008). The hilosphy and science of caring. Boulder, University Press of Colorado

    Websites (for theorists and their work):

    http://pmhealthnp.com/kristen-swanson-theory-of-caring-and-%20%20healing/
    https://nursology.net/nurse-theorists-and-their-work/the-primacy-of-caring/
    T h a n k y ou !

    You might also like