Service Manual

Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay

HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

A person's normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts.
Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronic circuits can cause
serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have
been reduced.
The electronic circuits of ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd products are completely safe from
electrostatic discharge when housed in the case. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by
withdrawing modules unnecessarily.
Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it
becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the following precautions should be taken to preserve the high
reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured.
1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment
by touching the case.
2. Handle the module by its front-plate, frame, or edges of the printed circuit board.
Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track or connectors.
3. Do not pass the module to any person without first ensuring that you are both at the same
electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at the same
potential as yourself.
5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and
IEC 60147-0F.
If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is
preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap.
Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k – 10M ohms. If a wrist strap is not
available, you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent the build up of static.
Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever
possible.
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd strongly recommends that detailed investigations on the electronic
circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in
BS5783 or IEC 60147-0F.
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Contents

SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on
the equipment.

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2. HANDLING and INSTALLATION
Chapter 3. RELAY DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4. APPLICATION of CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Chapter 5. RELAY SETTINGS
Chapter 6. MEASUREMENTS, RECORDS and ALARMS
Chapter 7. CONTROL FUNCTIONS and SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
Chapter 8. TECHNICAL DATA
Chapter 9. COMMISSIONING, PROBLEM SOLVING and MAINTENANCE
APPENDIX
SAFETY SECTION

This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on

the equipment.
Health and safety
The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to
ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in
a safe condition. It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the
equipment will be familiar with the contents of the Safety Section.
Explanation of symbols and labels
The meaning of symbols and labels which may be used on the equipment or in the
product documentation, is given below.

Caution: refer to product documentation Caution: risk of electric shock

Protective/safety *earth terminal

Functional *earth terminal.

Note: this symbol may also be used for a protective/
safety earth terminal if that terminal is part of a
terminal block or sub-assembly eg. power supply.

*Note:The term earth used throughout the product documentation is the direct
equivalent of the North American term ground.

Installing, Commissioning and Servicing

Equipment connections
Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this
equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety.
The product documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or
servicing the equipment.
Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present
a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated.
If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by all
personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards.
Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations
to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety.
To ensure that wires are correctly terminated, the correct crimp terminal and tool for
the wire size should be used.
Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth
terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug
connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a
safety hazard.
The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5 mm2, unless otherwise stated in
the technical data section of the product documentation.
Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked:
Voltage rating and polarity;
CT circuit rating and integrity of connections;
Protective fuse rating;
Integrity of earth connection (where applicable)

Equipment operating conditions

The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental
limits.
Current transformer circuits
Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced
may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
External resistors
Where external resistors are fitted to relays, these may present a risk of electric shock
or burns, if touched.
Battery replacement
Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended
type and be installed with the correct polarity, to avoid possible damage to the
equipment.
Insulation and dielectric strength testing
Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the
end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to
discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected.
Insertion of modules and pcb cards
These must not be inserted into or withdrawn from equipment whilst it is energised,
since this may result in damage.
Fibre optic communication
Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed
directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal
level of the device.
Older Products
Electrical adjustments
Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism to
change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed before
making the change, to avoid any risk of electric shock.
Mechanical adjustments
The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any
mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock.
Draw out case relays
Removal of the cover on equipment incorporating electromechanical operating
elements, may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts.
Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards
When using an extender card, this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the
equipment whilst it is energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards.
Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card.
Insertion and withdrawal of heavy current test plugs
When using a heavy current test plug, CT shorting links must be in place before
insertion or removal, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.

Decommissioning and Disposal

Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include
capacitors across the supply or to earth. To avoid electric
shock or energy hazards, after completely isolating the
supplies to the relay (both poles of any dc supply), the
capacitors should be safely discharged via the external
terminals prior to decommissioning.
Disposal: It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water
courses is avoided. The product should be disposed of in a
safe manner. Any products containing batteries should have
them removed before disposal, taking precautions to avoid
short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of
operation, may apply to the disposal of lithium batteries.
Technical Specifications
Protective fuse rating
The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment
is 16A, Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data
section of the product documentation.

Insulation class: IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 This equipment requires a

Class I protective (safety) earth
EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 connection to ensure user
Class I safety.

Installation IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Distribution level, fixed

Category Category III installation. Equipment in
(Overvoltage): EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 this category is qualification
Category III tested at 5kV peak, 1.2/50µs,
500Ω, 0.5J, between all supply
circuits and earth and also
between independent circuits.

Environment: IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Compliance is demonstrated by

Pollution degree 2 reference to generic safety
EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 standards.
Pollution degree 2

Product safety: 73/23/EEC Compliance with the European

Commission Low Voltage
Directive.

EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Compliance is demonstrated

EN 60950: 1992/A11: 1997 by reference to generic safety
standards.
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 1
Introduction
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 1
Contents
Page 1 of 1

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Using the manual 1
1.3 Models available 2
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 1
Page 1 of 2

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
The KVGC relay is the K Range version of the MVGC voltage regulating relay based
on the K Range series 2 relays. The KVGC has retained the existing functionality of
the MVGC relay and additional functionalities and features have been added to the
relay, to allow greater flexibility.
The KVGC relay controls a tap changer to regulate the system voltage within the
finite limits set on the KVGC to provide a stable voltage to electrically powered
equipment connected to the power system.
As with the K Range range of protection relays the KVGC voltage regulating relay
brings numerical technology to the successful MIDOS range of protection relays.
Fully compatible with the existing designs and sharing the same modular housing
concept, the relay offers more comprehensive control for demanding applications.
The KVGC relay includes an extensive range of control and data gathering functions
to provide a completely integrated system of control, instrumentation, data logging
and event recording. The relays have a user-friendly 32 character liquid crystal
display (LCD) with 4 push-buttons which allow menu navigation and setting changes.
Also, by utilising the simple 2-wire communication link, all of the relay functions can
be read, reset and changed on demand from a local or remote personal computer
(PC), loaded with the relevant software.
Integral features in the KVGC relays include inverse or definite time operating
characteristic, line drop compensation, undervoltage and overvoltage detectors,
blocked tap change operation, overcurrent and circulating current supervision, load
shedding/boosting capabilities, reverse reactance or circulating current
compensation for parallel transformers to minimise circulating current tap position
indication and two alternative groups of predetermined settings. The relays also have
integral serial communication facilities via K-Bus.
With enhanced versatility, reduced maintenance requirements and low burdens, the
KVGC relay provide a more advanced solution to electrically powered equipment.
This manual details the menu, functions and logic for the KVGC relays although
general descriptions, external connections and some technical data applies equally
to the K Range relays.
1.2 Using the manual
This manual provides a description of the KVGC voltage regulating relay.
It is intended to guide the user through application, installation, setting and
commissioning of the relays.
The manual has the following format:
Chapter 1. Introduction
An introduction on how to use this manual
Chapter 2. Handling and Installation
Precautions to be taken when handling electronic equipment.
Chapter 3. Relay Description
A detailed description of the features of the KVGC relays.
Chapter 4. Application of Control Functions
An introduction to the applications of the relays and special features
provided.
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 1
Page 2 of 2

Chapter 5. Relay settings

A description of setting ranges and factory settings.
Chapter 6. Measurements, Records and Alarms
How to customise the measurements and use the recording features.
Chapter 7. Control Functions and Serial Communications
Hints on using the serial communication feature.
Chapter 8. Technical Data
Comprehensive details on the ratings, setting ranges and specifications
etc.
Chapter 9. Commissioning, Problem Solving & Maintenance
A guide to commissioning, problem solving and maintenance.
Appendix Appendices include relay time characteristic curve, logic diagram,
connection diagrams and commissioning test records.
Index Provides the user with page references for quick access to selected
topics.
1.3 Models available
The following models are available:
KVGC 102 01F21GEA – 24 –125V rated model
KVGC 102 01F51GEA – 48 –250V rated model
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 2
Handling and Installation
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 2
Contents
Page 1 of 1

2. HANDLING AND INSTALLATION 1

2.1 General considerations 1
2.1.1 Receipt of product 1
2.1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 1
2.2 Handling of electronic equipment 1
2.3 Mounting 2
2.4 Unpacking 2
2.5 Storage 2
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 2
Page 1 of 2

Chapter 2. HANDLING AND INSTALLATION

2.1 General considerations

2.1.1 Receipt of product
Although the product is generally of robust construction, careful treatment is required
prior to installation on site. Upon receipt, the product should be examined
immediately, to ensure no damage has been sustained in transit. If damage has been
sustained during transit, a claim should be made to the transport contractor, and a
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control representative should be promptly notified.
Products that are supplied unmounted and not intended for immediate installation
should be returned to their protective polythene bags.
2.1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The product uses components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharges.
The electronic circuits are well protected by the metal case and the internal module
should not be withdrawn unnecessarily. When handling the module outside its case,
care should be taken to avoid contact with components and electrical connections.
If removed from the case for storage, the module should be placed in an electrically
conducting antistatic bag.
There are no setting adjustments within the module and it is advised that it is not
unnecessarily disassembled. Although the printed circuit boards are plugged
together, the connectors are a manufacturing aid and not intended for frequent
dismantling; in fact considerable effort may be required to separate them.
Touching the printed circuit board should be avoided, since complementary metal
oxide semiconductors (CMOS) are used, which can be damaged by static electricity
discharged from the body.
2.2 Handling of electronic equipment
A person’s normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several
thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when
handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be
immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced.
The electronic circuits are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when housed
in the case. Do not expose them to risk of damage by withdrawing modules
unnecessarily.
Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor
devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the precautions
should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment
has been designed and manufactured.
1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential
as the equipment by touching the case.
2. Handle the module by its frontplate, frame or edges of the printed circuit board.
Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track or connectors.
3. Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both at
the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at
the same potential as yourself.
5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 2
Page 2 of 2

If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment

in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist
strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k–10M ohms.
If a wrist strap is not available, you should maintain regular contact with the case to
prevent a build-up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making
measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be
found in BS5783 and IEC 60147–OF. It is strongly recommended that detailed
investigations on electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a
Special Handling Area such as described in the above-mentioned BS and IEC
documents.
2.3 Mounting
Products are dispatched, either individually, or as part of a panel/rack assembly.
If loose products are to be assembled into a scheme, then construction details can be
found in Publication R7012. If an MMLG test block is to be included it should be
positioned at the right hand side of the assembly (viewed from the front).
Modules should remain protected by their metal case during assembly into a panel or
rack. The design of the relay is such that the fixing holes are accessible without
removal of the cover. For individually mounted units, an outline diagram is normally
supplied showing the panel cut-outs and hole centres. These dimensions will also be
found in Publication R6520.
2.4 Unpacking
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the products so that none of the
parts are damaged, or the settings altered and they must only be handled by skilled
persons. The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and
excessive vibration. The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection. Modules that
have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where they are
exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which are being
carried out at the same time as construction work.
2.5 Storage
If products are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a
place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier bags
have been included in the packing they should be retained. The action of the de-
humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient
conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour, prior to
replacing it in the carton.
Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into the
product; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated with
moisture and the de-humidifier will lose its efficiency.
Storage temperature –25°C to +70°C.
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 3
Relay Description
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 3
Contents
Page 1 of 1

3. RELAY DESCRIPTION 1
3.1 Relay description 1
3.2 User interface 2
3.2.1 Frontplate layout 2
3.2.2 LED indications 2
3.2.3 Keypad 3
3.2.3 Liquid crystal display 3
3.3 Menu system 3
3.3.1 Default display 4
3.3.2 Accessing the menu 4
3.3.3 Menu contents 5
3.3.4 Menu columns 5
3.3.5 System data 5
3.3.6 Status 8
3.3.7 Measure 8
3.3.8 Control 1 9
3.3.9 Logic 1 9
3.3.10 Control 2 10
3.3.11 Logic 2 10
3.3.12 Input masks 11
3.3.13 Relay masks 11
3.4 Changing text and settings 11
3.4.1 Quick guide to menu controls 12
3.4.2 To enter setting mode 13
3.4.3 To escape from the setting mode 13
3.4.4 To accept the new setting 13
3.4.5 Password protection 13
3.4.6 Entering passwords 13
3.4.7 Changing passwords 14
3.4.8 Restoration of password protection 14
3.4.9 Entering text 14
3.4.10 Changing function links 14
3.4.11 Changing setting values 15
3.4.12 Setting communication address 15
3.4.13 Setting input masks 15
3.4.14 Setting output masks 15
3.4.16 Resetting CONTROL LED indication 16
3.5 External connections 17
3.5.1 Auxiliary supply 18
3.5.2 Logic control inputs 18
3.5.3 Analogue inputs 19
3.5.4 Output relays 19
3.5.5 Setting the relay with a PC or Laptop 20
3.6 Alarm flags 20
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 3
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Chapter 3. RELAY DESCRIPTION

3.1 Relay description

The KVGC voltage regulating relay use numerical techniques to derive control
functions. Five multiplexed analogue inputs are used, sampled eight times per power
frequency cycle. The Fourier derived power frequency component returns the rms
value of the measured quantity. To ensure optimum performance, frequency tracking
is used. The channel that is tracked is chosen as Vbc (low accuracy) and IL. In the
absence of a signal to frequency track, the sampling frequency defaults to the rated
frequency of the power system.
Eight output relays can be programmed to respond to any of the control functions
and eight logic inputs can be allocated to control functions. The logic inputs are
filtered to ensure that induced ac current in the external wiring to these inputs does
not cause an incorrect response. Software masks further enable the user to customise
the product for their own particular applications. They select/interconnect the various
control elements and replace the interconnections that were previously used between
the cases of relays that provided discrete control functions.
The relay is powered from either a dc, or an ac, auxiliary which is transformed by a
wide ranging dc/dc converter within the relay. This provides the electronic circuits
with regulated and galvanically isolated supply rails. The power supply also provides
a regulated and isolated field voltage to energise the logic inputs.
An interface on the front of the relay allows the user to navigate through the menu to
access data, change settings and reset flags etc. As an alternative the relay can be
connected to a computer via the serial communication port and the menu accessed
on-line. This provides a more friendly and intuitive method of setting the relay, as it
allows a whole column of data to be displayed at one time instead of just a single
menu cell. Computer programs are also available that enable setting files to be
generated off-line and these files can then be down loaded to the relay via the serial
communication port.
In addition to control functions the relay can display all the values that are measured
and many additional ones that are calculated. Useful time stamped data for post
event analysis is stored in event records. This data is available via a serial
communication port for access locally and/or remotely, with a computer.
Remote control actions can also be made and to this end K Range relays have been
integrated into SCADA systems.
KVGC relay provide the user with the flexibility to customise the relay for their
particular applications. They provide many additional features that would be
expensive to produce on an individual basis and when the low installation costs are
taken into account it will be seen to provide an economic solution for tap change
control.
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 3
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3.2 User interface

The front plate of the relay provides a man machine interface, providing the user with
a means of entering settings to the relay, displaying measured values and alarms.
3.2.1 Frontplate layout

Model number
Relay types

KVGC10201F21GEA
KVGC102 Serial No.

Serial number
Liquid crystal
display

FEDCBA9876543210

Digit identifiers

ALARM CONTROL
LED indicators HEALTHY

Entry keys

Ratings
In 5/1 A Vs 24/125 V===
Vn 57/120 V 50/60 Hz

Figure 1: Front plate layout

The front plate of the relay carries a liquid crystal display (LCD) on which data such
as settings, measured values and information for the control conditions can be
viewed. The data is accessed through a menu system. The four keys [F]; [+]; [–] & [0]
are used to move around the menu, select the data to be accessed and enter settings.
Three light emitting diodes LEDs indicate alarm, healthy and control conditions.
A label at the top corner identifies the relay by both its model number and serial
number. This information uniquely specifies the product and is required when making
any enquiry to the factory about a particular relay. In addition, there is a rating label
in the bottom corner which gives details of the auxiliary voltage and current ratings.
Two handles, one at the top and one at the bottom of the front plate, will assist in
removing the module from the case.
3.2.2 LED indications
The three LEDs provide the following functions:
GREEN LED Labelled as ‘HEALTHY’ indicates the relay is powered up and running.
In most cases it follows the watchdog relay.
YELLOW LED Labelled as ‘ALARM’ indicates alarm conditions that have been
detected by the relay during its self checking routine or supervision
control. The alarm lamp flashes when the password is entered
(password inhibition temporarily overridden).
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 3
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RED LED Labelled as ‘CONTROL’ indicates a tap change that has been issued
by the relay and is lit for a period, tPULSE. When lit permanently it
indicates tap change operation (Raise and Lower) is blocked or the
inter-tap delay is set to zero.
3.2.3 Keypad
The four keys perform the following functions:
[F] – function select/digit select key/next column
[+] – put in setting mode/increment value/accept key/previous column
[–] – put in setting mode/decrement value/reject key/next column
[0] – reset/escape/change default display key
Note: Only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible when the relay cover is in place.
3.2.3 Liquid crystal display
The liquid crystal display has two lines, each of sixteen characters. A back-light is
activated, when any key on the front plate is momentarily pressed and will remain lit
until ten minutes after the last key press. This enables the display to be read in all
conditions of ambient lighting. The back-light will automatically switch off after one
minute of keypad inactivity.
The numbers printed on the front plate just below the display, identify the individual
digits that are displayed for some of the settings, ie. function links, relay masks etc.
3.3 Menu system

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

F F F F F
LONG LONG LONG LONG LONG

F + [0] F + [0] F + [0] F + [0] F + [0]

F SHORT F SHORT F SHORT F SHORT F SHORT

Figure 2: Menu format

Settings, measured values, alarm records and system data resides in a table known
as MENU TABLE. Data within the relays is accessed via a MENU table. All the data
displayed on the LCD or transmitted via the serial communications port is obtained
via this table.
The table is comprised of cells arranged in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet.
A cell may contain text, values, settings or functions. The first cell in a column, the
column heading, contains text identifying the data grouped under it in that column.
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 3
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3.3.1 Default display

The selected default display that appears on power-up can be selected by the user.
Whilst the default display is visible it is possible to scroll through the available
options with a momentary press of the [0] key.
Following a tap change operation (Raise or Lower) the display will change
automatically from the selected default display to that for the alarm status/raise volts/
lower volts or time delay remaining before next tap change is due. Textual
information for the condition will be displayed on the LCD and the red control LED
will be lit to draw attention to the fact. The control LED will be lit permanently for the
condition and whilst the condition is displayed the control LED can be reset by
holding down the [0] for at least one second. The control LED will be reset and the
display will change to the default display that was last selected. The information for
the condition will be lost by this action and can only be read as events records via
serial communications port. However, all the information for the condition can be
displayed on the LCD prior to resetting the control LED. The information will be
displayed on the LCD on ‘first come first served basis instantaneously.
The default display can be returned to without waiting for the 15 minute delay to
expire by moving to a column heading and pressing the [0] key for 1 second.
3.3.2 Accessing the menu
Four keys on the front plate of the relay allow the menu to be scanned and the
contents displayed on the liquid crystal display.
To move from the default display the [F] key should be pressed momentarily and the
display will change to [0000 SYSTEM DATA], the column heading for the first menu
column. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will step down the column, row by
row, so that data may be read. If at any time the [F] key is pressed and held for one
second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column and the heading for
that column will be displayed. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will then
move down the new column, row by row. In this way the full menu of the relay may
be scanned with just one key and this key is accessible with the cover in place on the
relay. Pressing the [F] and [0] keys together and holding for one second can step
back up the column.
The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can be
reset either to zero or some preset value by means of the [0] key, provided they do
not require a password to be entered.
To change any other settings the cover must be removed from the relay to gain access
to the [+] and [–] keys that are used to increment or decrement a value.
When a column heading is displayed the [–] key will change the display to the next
column and the [+] key will change the display to the previous column, giving a
faster selection.
When a cell that can be changed is displayed, the action of pressing either the [+] or
[–] keys will put the relay in setting mode indicated by a flashing cursor in the
display. To escape from the setting mode without making any change, the [0] key
should be depressed for one second. Chapter 3.4 gives instructions for changing the
various types of settings.
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay because an
accidental change could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its
intended functions. Configuration settings include the selection of CT and VT ratios,
function link settings, opto-input and relay output allocation. Some control, logic and
reset functions, are protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
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3.3.3 Menu contents

Related data and settings are grouped in separate columns of the menu. Each column
has a text heading (in capital letters) that identifies the data contained in that column.
Each cell may contain text, values, settings and/or a function. The cells are
referenced by the column number/row number. For example 0201 is column 02,
row 01. When a cell is displayed the four digits at the top left hand corner of the
LCD indicate the column number and row number in the menu table.
The full menu is given in the following tables, but not all the items listed will be
available in a particular relay. Those cells that do not provide any useful purpose are
not made available in the factory configuration. Certain settings will disappear from
the menu when the user de-selects them; the alternative setting group is a typical
example. If System Data Link (SD4) is set to ‘0’ alternative settings will be hidden and
to make them visible, the System Data Link SD4 must be set to ‘1’.
3.3.4 Menu columns
Col No Heading Description
00 SYSTEM DATA Settings and data for the system – relay and
serial communications.
01 STATUS Settings for tap control modes
02 MEASURE Display of directly measured and calculated quantities
03 CONTROL 1 Settings for group 1 miscellaneous control functions
04 LOGIC 1 Settings for group 1 miscellaneous logic functions
05 CONTROL 2 Settings for group 2 miscellaneous control functions
06 LOGIC 2 Settings for group 2 miscellaneous logic functions
07 INPUT MASKS User assigned allocation of logic input
08 RELAY MASKS User assigned allocation of output relays
The menu cells that are read only are marked [READ].
Cells that can be set are marked [SET].
Cells that can be reset are marked [RESET].
Cells that are password protected are marked [PWP].
3.3.5 System data
Cell Text Status Description
0000 SYSTEM DATA READ Column heading
0002 Password PWP Password that must be entered before certain settings
may be changed
0003 SD Links PWP Function links that enable the user to enable (activate) the options
required
0
1 Rem Cntrl 1= enable remote control
2 Rem LSB 1= enable remote load shedding/boosting
3 Rem Grp2 1= enable remote change to group 2 setting
4 En Grp2 1= enable group two settings; 0 = hidden
5
6
7 Log Evts 1= enable logic changes in event records
8 En Rec Rst 1= enable automatic recorder reset
9 En Rec 1= enable recorder to record
0004 Description PWP Product description – user programmable text
0005 Plant Ref. PWP Plant reference – user programmable text
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0006 Model READ Model number that defines the product

0008 Serial No. READ Serial number – unique number identifying the particular product
0009 Frequency SET Default sampling frequency - must be set to power system frequency
000A Comms Level READ Indicates the Courier communication level supported by the product
000B Rly Address SET Communication address (1 to 255)
000C Plnt Status READ Binary word, used to transport plant status information over
communication network
000D Ctrl Status READ Binary word used to indicate the status of control data
000E Grp now READ Indicates the active setting group
000F LSB Stage READ Indicates the last received load shedding command
0011 Software READ Software reference for the product
0020 Log Status READ Indicates the current status of all the logic inputs
0021 Rly Status READ Indicates the current status of the output relay drives
0022 Alarms READ Indicates the current state of internal alarms
0 Uncfg READ Error in factory configuration settings
1 Uncalib READ Operating in uncalibrated state
2 Setting READ Error detected in stored settings
3 No Service READ Out-of-service and not functioning
4 No Samples READ No A/D samples but still in service
5 No Fourier READ Fourier is not being performed
6 Test Wdog SET Test watchdog by setting this bit to “1”; 0 = normal
0002 SYS Password [PWP]
The selected configuration of the relay is locked under this password and cannot be
changed until it has been entered. Provision has been made for the user to change
the password, which may consist of four upper case letters in any combination. In the
event of the password becoming lost a recovery password can be obtained on
request, but the request must be accompanied by a note of the model and serial
number of the relay.
0003 SYS Function Links [PWP]
These function links enable selection to be made from the system options.
0004 SYS Description [PWP]
This is text that describes the relay type. It is password protected and can be
changed by the user to a name which may describe the scheme configuration of the
relay if the relay is changed from the factory configuration.
0005 SYS Plant Reference [PWP]
The plant reference can be entered by the user, but is limited to 16 characters.
This reference is used to identify the primary plant with which the relay is associated.
0006 SYS Model Number [READ]
The model number that is entered during manufacture has encoded into it the
mechanical assembly, ratings and configuration of the relay. It is printed on the
frontplate and should be quoted in any correspondence concerning the product.
0008 SYS Serial Number [READ]
The serial number is the relay identity and encodes also the year of manufacture.
It cannot be changed from the menu.
0009 SYS Frequency [SET]
The set frequency from which the relay starts tracking on power-up.
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000A Communication Level [READ]

This cell will contain the communication level that the relay will support. It is used by
master station programs to decide what type of commands to send to the relay.
000B SYS Relay Address [SET]
An address between 1 and 254 that identifies the relay when interconnected by a
communication bus. These addresses may be shared between several communication
buses and therefore not all these addresses will necessarily be available on the bus to
which the relay is connected. The address can be manually set. Address 0 is
reserved for the automatic address allocation feature and 255 is reserved for global
messages. The factory set address is 255.
000C SYS Plant Status [READ]
Plant status is a 16 bit word which is used to transport plant status information over
the communication network. The various bit pairs are pre-allocated to specific items
of plant.
000D SYS Control Status [READ]
The control status act like software contacts to transfer data from the relay to the
master station controlling communications.
000E SYS Setting Group [READ]
Where a relay has alternative groups of settings which can be selected, then this cell
indicates the current group being used by the relay. For KVGC it is either (Group 1)
or (Group 2).
000F SYS LSB Stage [READ]
Cell 000F displays the level of load shedding/boosting at all times. The load
shedding/boosting can be initiated either by energising opto inputs or via K-Bus.
The opto inputs will override the commands over the serial port. The level of load
shedding/boosting are displayed in this cell.
<Level 0> = “None” – All stages reset
<Level 1> = “Vred1” – Level 1 setting selected
<Level 2> = “Vred2” – Level 2 setting selected
<Level 3> = “Vred3” – Level 3 setting selected
When the auxiliary supply to the relay is interrupted the states of the load shedding/
boosting is remembered. This ensures that the level of load shedding/boosting is not
caused to change by interruptions of the auxiliary supply.
0020 SYS Logic Status
This cell indicates the current state of opto-isolated logic control inputs.
0021 SYS Relay Status
This cell indicates the current state of the output relay drives.
0022 Alarms
Indicates current state of internal alarms.
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3.3.6 Status
Cell Text Status Description
0100 STATUS Column heading
0101 Control READ 1 = Remote ; 2 = Local
0102 Mode SET 1 = Manual ; 2 = Auto
0103 Tap SET No Operation ; Raise V ; Lower V
0104 0 = Blocked READ 1 = Tap change operation blocked
1 =V<< blk 1 = Under voltage blocking
2 = V<blkLower 1 = Under voltage detection
3 = V>blkRaise 1 = Over voltage detection
4 = TapFail 1 = Voltage remains outside deadband
5 = Ic> 1 = Excessive circulating current
6 = IL> 1 = Line overcurrent detection
7 = TotalOps> 1 = Tap change operations exceed thresh
8 = FreqOps 1 = Frequent tap change operations
9 = I Rev 1 = Reverse current blocking
A = Run-Away 1 = Invalid tap change operation
B = TapLimit 1 = Tap position above/below threshold
0105 Blocked READ 1 = Tap change operation blocked
0106 V<< blk READ 1 = Under voltage blocking
0107 V<blkLower READ 1 = Under voltage detection
0108 V>blkRaise READ 1 = Over voltage detection
0109 TpFail READ 1 = Voltage remains outside deadband
010A Ic> READ 1 = Excessive circulating current
010B IL> READ 1 = Line overcurrent detection
010C TotalOps> READ 1 = Tap change operations exceed thresh
010D FreqOps READ 1 = Frequent tap change operations
010E I rev READ 1 = Reverse current blocking
010F Run-Away READ 1 = Invalid tap change operation
0110 TapLimit READ 1 = Tap position above/below threshold
3.3.7 Measure
Cell Text Status Description
0200 MEASURE READ Column heading
0201 Vbc READ Measured line voltage
0202 Vreg READ Regulated voltage = Vbc – Vr – Vx – Vc
0203 Ic READ Circulating current
0204 IL READ Load current
0205 PowerFactor READ Calculated from Ia/–90° with respect to Vbc
0206 Frequency READ Measured frequency
0207 TapPosition READ Actual tap position
0208 Highest tap RESET Highest tap used since last reset
0209 Lowest tap RESET Lowest tap used since last reset
020A Total Ops RESET Total number of operations
020B FreqOps RESET Total number of frequent operations
020C tREMAIN READ Time remaining to change next tap
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3.3.8 Control 1
Cell Text Status Description
0300 CONTROL (1) READ
0301 CTL Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available optional
group 1control functions.
0
1 1= tINV 1 = Inverse time delay = [Link]/(V ±Vs)
2 1= Hold Grp2 1 = Hold setting group 2
0302 CT Ratio PWP Line Current Transformer overall ratio
0303 VT Ratio PWP Line Voltage Transformer overall ratio
0304 In PWP Rated current winding of relay (1A or 5A)
0305 Vs SET Set value of remote regulated voltage
0306 dV SET Dead band = ±dV
0307 Vc (volt/In) SET Circulating current compensation
0308 Vr (volts/In) SET Resistive LDC compensation
0309 Vx (volts/In) SET Reactive LDC compensation (– = reverse)
030A Angle Vr/Vx SET Low power factor LDC compensation (90°)
030B tINIT DT SET Initial definite time delay
030C tINTER SET Inter tap delay
030D tPULSE SET Tap pulse duration
030E Level 1 SET Load shedding/boosting level 1
030F Level 2 SET Load shedding/boosting level 2
0310 Level 3 SET Load shedding/boosting level 3
3.3.9 Logic 1
Cell Text Status Description
0400 LOGIC (1) READ Column heading
0401 LOG Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available optional group
1 blocking functions
1 TpFail 1 = block outside dead band for maximum time
2 Ic> blk 1 = block for excessive circulating current
3 IL> blk 1 = block for excessive load current
4 Total opsBlk 1 = block for excessive number of operations
5 Freq opsBlk 1 = block for frequent operation
6 Irev blk 1 = block operation for reverse current flow
7 Runaway blk 1 = block for tap change runaway
0402 V<< SET Under voltage total inhibit level (% of Vs)
0403 V< SET Over voltage blocking limit
0404 V> SET Under voltage blocking limit
0405 tFAIL> SET Total time outside dead band to = failure
0406 Ic> SET Excessive circulating current threshold
0407 tIC SET Excessive circulating current time delay
0408 IL> SET Line overcurrent threshold
0409 TpAvail SET Total number of taps available
040A TP> SET Upper tap alarm limit
040B TP< SET Lower tap alarm limit
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040C Total Ops> SET total number of tap change operations

040D Ops/tP> SET Number of tap changes allowed in time tP
040E tP SET Time period tP
3.3.10 Control 2
Cell Text Status Description
0500 CONTROL (2) READ Software links that are used to select the available optional
group 2 control functions.
0501 CTL Links PWP Function links
0
1 1= tINV 1 = Inverse time delay = [Link]/(V ±Vs)
2 1= Hold Grp2 1 = Hold setting group 2
0502 CT Ratio PWP Line Current Transformer overall ratio
0503 VT Ratio PWP Line Voltage Transformer overall ratio
0504 In PWP Rated current winding of relay (1A or 5A)
0505 Vs SET Set value of remote regulated voltage
0506 dV SET Dead band = ±dV
0507 Vc (volt/In) SET Circulating current compensation
0508 Vr (volts/In) SET Resistive LDC compensation
0509 Vx (volts/In) SET Reactive LDC compensation (– = reverse)
050A Angle Vr/Vx SET Low power factor LDC compensation (90°)
050B tINIT DT SET Initial definite time delay
050C tINTER SET Inter tap delay
050D tPULSE SET Tap pulse duration
050E Level 1 SET Load shedding/boosting level 1
050F Level 2 SET Load shedding/boosting level 2
0510 Level 3 SET Load shedding/boosting level 3
3.3.11 Logic 2
Cell Text Status Description
0600 LOGIC 2 READ Column heading
0601 LOG Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available optional group
2 blocking functions
1 TpFail 1 = block outside dead band for maximum time
2 Ic> blk 1 = block for excessive circulating current
3 IL> blk 1 = block for excessive load current
4 Total opsBlk 1 = block for excessive number of operations
5 Freq opsBlk 1 = block for frequent operation
6 Irev blk 1 = block operation for reverse current flow
7 Runaway blk 1 = block for tap change runaway
0602 V<< SET Under voltage total inhibit level (% of Vs)
0603 V< SET Over voltage blocking limit
0604 V> SET Under voltage blocking limit
0605 tFAIL> SET Total time outside dead band to = failure
0606 Ic> SET Excessive circulating current threshold
0607 tIC SET Excessive circulating current time delay
0608 IL> SET Line overcurrent threshold
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0609 TpAvail SET Total number of taps available

060A TP> SET Upper tap alarm limit
060B TP< SET Lower tap alarm limit
060C Total Ops> SET Total number of tap change operations
060D Ops/tP> SET Number of tap changes allowed in time tP
060E tP SET Time period tP
3.3.12 Input masks
Cell Text Status Description
0700 INPUT MASKS READ Column heading
0701 Remote PWP Logic input for remote selection of Auto/Manual mode
0702 Automatic PWP Logic input to select automatic mode
0703 Manual PWP Logic input to select manual mode
0704 Raise V PWP Logic input to manually initiate signal to raise the tap changer
0705 Lower V PWP Logic input to manually initiate signal to lower the tap changer
0706 Block PWP Logic input to block tap change operation (raise and lower)
0707 Level 1 PWP Logic input for load shedding/boosting level 1
0708 Level 2 PWP Logic input for load shedding/boosting level 2
0709 Level 3 PWP Logic input load shedding/boosting level 3
070A Stg Grp2 PWP Logic input to select group 2 settings from external input
3.3.13 Relay masks
Cell Text Status Description
0800 RELAY MASKS READ Column heading
0801 Raise V PWP Indication for raise volts tap change block
0802 Lower V PWP Indication for lower voltage tap change block
0803 Blocked PWP Indication if both raise and lower tap change operations
are inhibited
0804 V<< PWP Alarm indication for under voltage blocking
0805 V< PWP Alarm indication for under voltage detection
0806 V> PWP Alarm indication for over voltage detection
0807 TapFail PWP Alarm indication for tap changer failure
0808 Ic> PWP Alarm indication for excessive circulating current detector
0809 IL> PWP Alarm indication for overcurrent detector
080A TotalOps> PWP Alarm indication for tap change operations exceed a preset value
080B FreqOps PWP Alarm indication for tap change operations exceed threshold
over preset time period
080C I rev PWP Alarm indication for reverse current condition
080D Run-Away PWP Alarm indication for invalid tap change operation
080E TapLimit PWP Alarm indication for tap position indicator outside the set
threshold settings

3.4 Changing text and settings

Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user interface.
To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay so that the [+] and
[–] keys can be accessed.
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3.4.1 Quick guide to menu controls

Quick Guide to Menu Control with the Four Keys

Current display Key press Effect of action
Default display [0] long Back-light turns ON – no other effect
[0] short Steps through the available default displays
[F] Steps down to column heading SYSTEM DATA.
[+] Back-light turns ON – no other effect.
[–] Back-light turns ON – no other effect.
Condition flags [0] Back-light turns ON – no other effectafter tap change [F]
after tap change Steps down to column heading STATUS without resetting
operation block the conditions.
[0]long Resets CONTROL LED and returns default display.
[+] Back-light turns ON - no other effect
[–] Back-light turns ON – no other effect.
Column heading [0]short Back-light turns ON - no other effect.
[0]long Re-establishes password protection immediately and returns
the default display.
[F]long Move to next column heading
[F]short Steps down the menu to the next item in the column.
[–] Move to next column heading
[+] Á Move to previous column heading
Any menu cell [F]short Steps down the menu to the next item in the column.
Displays the heading for the next column.
[F]long Steps back up the menu to the previous item.
[F]+[0]long Back-light turns ON – no other effect.
[0]short Resets the value if the cell is resettable.
[0]long
Any settable cell [+] or [–] Puts the relay in setting mode. The password must first be
entered for protected cells.
Setting mode [0] Escapes from the setting mode without a setting change.
Increments value – with increasing rapidity if held.
[+] Decrements value – with increasing rapidity if held.
[–] Changes to the confirmation display.
[F] If function links, text, relay or input masks are displayed the
[F] key will step through them from left to right and finally
changing to the confirmation display.
Confirmation [+] Confirms setting and enters new setting or text.
mode [–] Returns prospective change to check/ modify.
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without change.

The actions shown in the shaded area can only be performed when the cover is
removed.
[F]long – means press F key and hold for longer than 1 second.
[F]short – means press F key and hold for less than 1 second.
[F] – means press the F key length of time does not change the response.
[0]Long – on perform a reset function when a resettable cell is displayed.
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3.4.2 To enter setting mode

Give the [F] key a momentary press to change from the selected default display and
switch on the back-light; the heading SYSTEM DATA will be displayed. Use the [+]
and [–] keys, or a long press of the [F] key, to select the column containing the
setting, or text that is to be changed. Then with the [F] key step down the column until
the contents of that cell are displayed. Press the [+] key to put the relay into the
setting mode. Setting mode will be indicated by a flashing cursor on the bottom line
of the display. If the cell is read-only, or password protected, then the cursor will not
appear and the relay will not be in the setting mode.
3.4.3 To escape from the setting mode
IMPORTANT! If at any time you wish to escape from the setting mode without
making a change to the contents of the selected cell: Hold the [0] key depressed for
one second, the original setting will be returned and the relay will exit the setting
mode.
3.4.4 To accept the new setting
Press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears:
Are You Sure?
+ = YES – = NO
1. Press the [0] key if you decide not to make any change.
2. Press the [–] key if you want to further modify the data before entry.
3. Press the [+] to accept the change. This will terminate the setting mode.
3.4.5 Password protection
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay.
This includes CT and VT ratios, function links, input masks and relay masks.
Any accidental change to configuration could seriously affect the ability of the relay
to perform its intended functions, whereas, a setting error may only cause a grading
problem. Individual settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in
place by preventing direct access to the [+] and [–] keys.
The passwords are four characters that may contain any upper case letter from the
alphabet. The password is initially set in the factory to AAAA, but it can be changed
by the user to another combination if necessary. If the password is lost or forgotten
access to the relay will be denied. However, if the manufacturer, or their agent is
supplied with the serial number of the relay a back-up password can be supplied that
is unique to that particular product.
3.4.6 Entering passwords
Using the [F] key, select the password cell [0002] in the SYSTEM DATA column of the
menu. The word “Password” is displayed and four stars. Press the [+] key and the
cursor will appear under the left hand star. Now use the [+] key to step through the
alphabet until the required letter is displayed. The display will increment faster if the
key is held down and the [–] key can be used in a similar way to move backwards
through the alphabet. When the desired character has been set the [F] key can be
given a momentary press to move the cursor to the position for the next character.
The process is then be repeated to enter the remaining characters that make up the
password. When the fourth character is acknowledged by a momentary press of the
[F] key the display will read:
Are You Sure?
+ = YES – = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the password.
Press the [–] key if you want to modify the your entry.
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Press the [+] to enter the password. The display will then show four stars and if the
password was accepted the alarm LED will flash. If the alarm LED is not flashing the
password was not accepted, a further attempt can be made to enter it, or the [F] key
pressed to move to the next cell.
Note: When the password cell is displayed, do not press the [+] or [–] key whilst the
alarm LED is flashing unless you want to change the password!
3.4.7 Changing passwords
When the password has been entered and the alarm LED is flashing the [+] key is
pressed to put the relay in setting mode. A new password can now be entered as
described in Chapter 3.4.6. After entering the fourth character make a note of the
new password shown on the display before pressing the [F] key to obtain the
confirmation display.
Are You Sure?
+ = YES – = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the new password.
Press the [–] key if you want to modify the your entry.
Press the [+] to enter the new password which will then replace the old one.
Note: Make sure the new password has been written down before it is entered and
that the password being entered agrees with the written copy before
accepting it. If the new password is not entered correctly you may be denied
access in the future. If the password is lost a unique back-up password for that
relay can be provided from the factory, or certain agents, if the serial number
of the product is quoted.
3.4.8 Restoration of password protection
Password protection is reinstated when the alarm LED stops flashing, this will occur
fifteen minutes after the last key press. To restore the password protection without
waiting for the fifteen minute time-out, select the password cell and hold the reset key
[0] depressed for one second. The alarm LED will cease to flash to indicate the
password protection is restored. Password protection is also restored when the
default display is selected (see Chapter 3.3.1).
3.4.9 Entering text
Enter the setting mode as described in Chapter 3.4.2 and move the cursor with the
[F] key to where the text is to be entered or changed. Then using the [+] and [–] keys,
select the character to be displayed. The [F] key may then be used to move the cursor
to the position of the next character and so on. Follow the instructions in Chapter
3.4.3 to exit from the setting change.
3.4.10 Changing function links
Select the page heading required and step down to the function links “SD Links”,
“Function Links”, or LOG Links” and press either the [+] or [–] to put the relay in a
setting change mode. A cursor will flash on the bottom line at the extreme left
position. This is link “F”; as indicated by the character printed on the front plate
under the display.
Press the [F] key to step along the row of links, one link at a time, until some text
appears on the top line that describes the function of a link. The [+] key will change
the link to a “1” to select the function and the [–] key will change it to a “0” to
deselect it. Follow the instructions in Chapter 3.4.3 to exit from the setting change.
Not all links can be set, some being factory selected and locked. The links that are
locked in this way are usually those for functions that are not supported by a
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particular relay, when they will be set to “0”. Merely moving the cursor past a link
position does not change it in any way.
3.4.11 Changing setting values
Move through the menu until the cell that is to be edited is displayed. Press the [+] or
[–] key to put the relay into the setting change mode. A cursor will flash in the
extreme left hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate that the relay
is ready to have the setting changed. The value will be incremented in single steps by
each momentary press of the [+] key, or if the [+] key is held down the value will be
incremented with increasing rapidity until the key is released. Similarly, the [–] key
can be used to decrement the value. Follow the instructions in Chapter 3.4.3 to exit
from the setting change.
Note: When entering CT RATIO or VT RATIO the overall ratio should be entered, ie.
2000/5A CT has an overall ratio of 400:1. With rated current applied the
relay will display 5A when CT RATIO has the default value of 1:1 and when
the ratio is set to 400:1 the displayed value will be 400 x 5 = 2000A.
3.4.12 Setting communication address
The communication address will be set to 255, the global address to all relays on the
network, when the relay is first supplied. Reply messages are not issued from any
relay for a global command, because they would all respond at the same time and
result in contention on the bus. Setting the address to 255 will ensure that when first
connected to the network they will not interfere with communications on existing
installations. The communication address can be manually set by selecting the
appropriate cell for the SYSTEM DATA column, entering the setting mode as
described in Chapter 3.4.2 and then decrementing or incrementing the address.
Then exit setting mode as described in Chapter 3.4.3.
There is a feature in Courier that can be used to automatically allocate an address to
the relay, provided the master station software supports this feature. It is
recommended that the user enters a name for the plant reference in the appropriate
menu cell and then sets the address manually to “0”. If auto addressing has been
selected in the master station software, the master station will then detect that a new
relay has been added to the network and automatically allocate the next available
address on the bus to which that relay is connected and communications will then be
fully established.
3.4.13 Setting input masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each control function that can be influenced by an
external input applied to one or more of the logic inputs. When the menu cell for an
input mask is selected the top line of the display shows text describing the function to
be controlled by the inputs selected in the mask. A series of “1”s and “0”s on the
bottom line of the display indicate which logic inputs are selected to exert control.
The numbers printed on the front plate under the display indicate each of the logic
inputs (L7 to L0) being displayed. A “1” indicates that a particular input is assigned
to the displayed control function and a “0” indicates that it is not. The same input
may be used to control more than one function.
3.4.14 Setting output masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each control function. When a mask is selected the
text on the top line of the display indicates the associated function and the bottom
line of the display shows a series of “1”s and “0”s for the selected mask. The
numbers printed on the front plate under the display indicate the output relay (RLY7 to
RLY0) that each bit is associated. A “1” indicates that the relay will respond to the
displayed function and a “0” indicates that it will not.
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A logical “OR” function is performed on the relay masks so that more than one relay
may be allocated to more than one function. An output mask may be set to operate
the same relay as another mask so that, for example, one output relay may be
arranged to operate for all the functions required to block tap operations and another
for only those functions that are to initiate tap change.
3.4.15 Resetting values
The values of highest tap, lowest tap, total number of operations and total number of
frequent operations can be reset to zero. To achieve the menu cell containing the
values to be reset (measure column) must be displayed and then the [0] key held
depressed for at least one second to effect the reset.
3.4.16 Resetting CONTROL LED indication
If the tap change operation is blocked or any of the following conditions are
detected, the ‘CONTROL’ LED is lit permanently and the textual information for the
condition is displayed on the ‘first come first served’ basis instantaneously:
• Tap change failure [Tfail]
• Number of tap change operations[TotalOps]
• Frequent tap change operations [FreqOps]
• Run Away Protection [RunAway]
The ‘CONTROL’ LED can be reset only after these conditions are cleared by
depressing the [0] key for 1 second.
The only other time the ‘CONTROL’ LED is lit permanently is when the inter-tap delay
is set to zero for continuous tap change operation.
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3.5 External connections

Standard connection table

Function Terminal Function

Earth Terminal – 1 2 – Not used
Watchdog Relay b 3 4 m Watchdog Relay
(Break contact) 5 6 (Make contact)
48V Field Voltage [+] 7 8 [–] 48V Field Voltage
Not used – 9 10 – Not used
Not used – 11 12 – Not used
Auxiliary Supply (+) 13 14 (–) Auxiliary Supply (–dc or ac)
(+dc or ac)
Not used – 15 16 – Not used
System Voltage In 17 18 In System Voltage Input (phase C)
Input (phase B)
Tap position indication In 19 20 In Tap position indication (phase C)
(phase B)
Pilot wire connection – 21 22 – Pilot wire connection
Circulating current (1A) In 23 24 Out Circulating current (1A)
Circulating current (5A) In 25 26 Out Circulating current (5A)
Load current In 27 28 Out Load current
Output Relay 4 – 29 30 – Output Relay 0
31 32
Output Relay 5 – 33 34 – Output Relay 1
35 36
Output Relay 6 – 37 38 – Output Relay 2
39 40
Output Relay 7 – – 41 42 – Output Relay 3
43 44
Opto Control Input L3 (+) 45 46 (+) Opto Control Input L0
Opto Control Input L4 (+) 47 48 (+) Opto Control Input L1
Opto Control Input L5 (+) 49 50 (+) Opto Control Input L2
Opto Control Input L6 (+) 51 52 (–) Common L0/L1/L2
Opto Control Input L7 (+) 53 54 – K-Bus Serial Port
Common L3/L4/L5/L6/L7 (–) 55 56 – K-Bus Serial Port

Key to connection tables

[+] and [–] indicate the polarity of the dc output from these terminals.
(+) and (–) indicate the polarity for the applied dc supply.
In/Out the signal direction for forward operation.
Note: All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can be made
with either 4mm screws or 4.8mm pre-insulated snap-on connectors. Two connections
can be made to each terminal.
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3.5.1 Auxiliary supply

The auxiliary voltage may be dc or ac provided it is within the limiting voltages for
the particular relay. The voltage range will be found on the front plate of the relay; it
is marked (Vx = (24V - 125V) or (48V - 250V). An ideal supply to use for testing the
relays will be 50V dc or 110V ac because these values fall within both of the
auxiliary voltage ranges.
The supply should be connected to terminals 13 and 14 only. To avoid any confusion
it is recommended that the polarity of any applied voltage is kept to the Midos
standard:
– for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to
terminal 14.
– for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead to
terminal 14.
3.5.2 Logic control inputs
There are a number of logic control inputs to the relay that are optically coupled to
provide galvanic isolation between the external and internal circuits. They are rated
at 48V and the power supply within the relay provides an isolated field voltage to
energise them. This arrangement keeps the power consumption of these inputs to a
minimum and ensures that they always have a supply to energise them when the
relay is operational.
Software filtering is applied to prevent induced ac signals in the external wiring
causing operation of logic inputs. This is achieved by sampling the logic inputs eight
times per cycle and five consecutive samples have to indicate that the input is
energised in a positive sense before it is accepted. This ensures that the inputs are
relatively immune to spurious operation from induced ac signals in the wiring. The
capture time is:
12 ±2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 ±2.1ms at 60Hz.
Note: These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the closed
state for a time exceeding the above values.
The opto-isolated logic control inputs are divided into two groups: three (L0, L1, L2)
have their common connection on terminal 52 and inputs (L3, L4, L5, L6, L7) have
their common connection on terminal 55. When they are to be energised from the
field voltage then terminals 52 and 55 must be connected to terminal 8, the negative
of the field voltage. The logic inputs can then be energised by connecting a volt free
contact between the positive of the field voltage, terminal 7, and the terminal for the
appropriate logic input.
The circuit for each opto-isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from
any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity.
Where the opto-isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the same
contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to form a
common line. In the example circuit below, contact X operates L1 of relay 1 and
contact Y operates L0 of relay 1 as well as L0 and L1 of relay 2. L2 is not used on
either relay and has no connections made to it.
The logic inputs can be separated into two isolated groups when it is necessary to
energise some from the station battery. The logic inputs are rated at 48V and it will
be necessary to connect an external resistor in series with the input if the battery is of
higher rated voltage. The value of this resistor should be 2000 ohms for every
additional 10V.
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The field voltage is not earthed and has insulation rated for 2kV for 1 minute. Thus if
necessary the positive terminal of the field voltage could be connected to the positive
terminal of external battery. Also the two separate groups of logic inputs could be
energised from separate batteries.

L0 46 46
L0
48 48
L1 L1
50 50 L2
L2
52 52

X Y

_ 8 8 _
48V 48V
7 7
+ +
Relay 1 Common line Relay 2

Figure 3: Example connection of logic inputs

3.5.3 Analogue inputs

The relay has five analogue inputs, two on the microprocessor board and three on
the auxiliary expansion board. Each is fed via an input transducer, a low pass filter
and a three range scaling amplifier. The analogue signals are sampled eight times
per cycle on each channel as the sampling rate tracks the frequency of the input
signal.
The wide setting range provided on the relay enables the relay to operate from either
1A or 5A current transformers. The following analogue channels are utilised:

Channel Function Relay Terminals

AN0 Load Current Input 27 and 28
AN1 Tap Position Indication 19 and 20
AN2 System Voltage Input - Low Accuracy 17 and 18
23 & 24 for 1A or
AN4 Circulating Current Input
25 & 26 for 5A
AN6 System Voltage Input - High Accuracy 17 and 18

3.5.4 Output relays

Eight programmable output relays are provided on relays. They can be arranged to
operate in response to any, or all, of the available functions by suitably setting the
OUTPUT MASKS. The control functions to which these relays respond are selectable
via the menu system of the relay.
In addition there is a watchdog relay which has one make and one break contact.
Thus it can indicate both healthy and failed conditions. As these contacts are mainly
used for alarm purposes, they have a lower rating than the programmable outputs.
The terminal numbers for the output relay contacts are given in the table at the start of
Chapter 3.5.
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3.5.5 Setting the relay with a PC or Laptop

Connection to a personal computer (PC), or lap top, via an K-Bus/RS232 interface
Type KITZ 101 or KITZ 102 will enable settings to be changed more easily.
Alternatively a KITZ 201 may be incorporated into the scheme which enables a PC
or lap top to be directly connected via the serial port mounted on the front plate.
Software is available for the PC that allow on line setting changes in a more user
friendly way, with a whole column of data being displayed instead of just single
cells. Setting files can also be saved to floppy disc and downloaded to other relays of
the same type. There are also programs available to enable settings files to be
generated off-line, ie. away from the relays that can be later down-loaded as
necessary.
The communication connections and available software are covered in Chapter 7.
3.6 Alarm flags
A full list of the alarm flags will be found in Chapter 3.3.5 and they are located in
cell 0022 of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. They consist of nine characters
that may be either “1” or “0” to indicate the set and reset states respectively.
The control keys perform for this menu cell in the same way as they do for Function
Links. The cell is selected with the function key [F] and the relay then put in the setting
mode by pressing the [+] key to display the cursor. The cursor will then be stepped
through the alarm word from left to right with each press of the [F] key and text
identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed.
The only alarm flag that can be manually set is bit 6, the watchdog test flag.
When this flag is set to “1” the watchdog relay will change state and the green LED
will extinguish.
When any alarm flag is set the ALARM LED will be continuously lit. However, there is
another form of alarm condition that will cause the ALARM LED to flash and this
indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected
settings within the relay. This is not generally available as a remote alarm and it does
not generate an alarm flag.
Note: No control will be possible via the key pad if the “Unconfigured” alarm is
raised because the relay will be locked in a non-operative state.
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 4
Application of Control Functions
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 4
Contents
Page 1 of 1

4. APPLICATION OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS 1

4.1 Configuring the relay 1
4.2 Changing the configuration of the relay 1
4.2.1 System data (SD) 1
4.2.2 Logic links (LOG) 2
4.2.3 Control links (CTL) 3
4.2.4 Default logic inputs 3
4.2.5 Default output relays 3
4.3 Setting group selection 3
4.4 Application 4
4.4.1 Operating sequences 4
4.5 Optional external connections 5
4.5.1 Independent/parallel control 5
4.5.2 Auto, manual and remote operation modes 6
4.5.3 Remote change of operating mode 6
4.5.4 Manual change of operating mode via logic input 6
4.6 Line drop compensation for parallel transformers 7
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Chapter 4. APPLICATION OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS

The settings that customise the relay for a particular application are referred to as the
configuration. They include the function links, input masks, relay masks, etc. and they
are password protected to prevent them being changed accidentally. Together these
settings select the functions that are to be made available and how they are to be
interconnected.
Before the advent of integrated numerical relays, protection and control schemes
comprised individual relays that had to be interconnected and a diagram was
produced to show these interconnections. The configuration of a numerical relay is
the software equivalent of these interconnections. With the software approach,
installations can be completed in much shorter times, especially for repeat schemes,
saving valuable time and cost. A second advantage is the ability to make some
changes without having to disturb the external wiring.
Before the connection diagrams can be drawn for an installation, it will be necessary
to decide how the logic within the relay is to function. A copy of the logic diagram
will be found at the back of this manual. It should be copied and the appropriate
squares in the input and relays masks should be shaded in to show which logic inputs
and output relays are to be assigned in each mask. The function links should then be
drawn on the diagram in position “0” or “1” as required.
These software links may turn functions on, or off, and when in the “off” state some
unnecessary settings may not appear in the menu. The function link settings can now
be read off the logic diagram and entered as a series of ones and noughts, in the
boxes provided on the logic diagram.
Case connection diagrams will be found at the back of this manual for the
KVGC102. They may be copied and notes added in the appropriate boxes to
indicate the function of the logic inputs and relay outputs. This diagram will then give
the appropriate terminal numbers to which the external wires must be connected.
In particular, it will show the terminal numbers to which the current and voltage
transformers connections are to be made.
Enough information is available from the logic and case connection diagrams to
enable the full external wiring diagrams to be drawn and the operation of complete
protection and control scheme to be understood.
4.1 Configuring the relay
Each scheme of protection and control will have its own particular configuration
settings. These can be named appropriately and the name entered as the
“description” in cell 0004 in the system data column of the menu. If the scheme is
likely to become a standard that is to be applied to several installations it would be
worthwhile storing the configuration on a floppy disc so that it can be downloaded to
other relays.
The configuration file can be made even more useful by adding appropriate general
settings for the supervision and control functions. It will then only require the minimum
of settings to be changed during commissioning the installation.
4.2 Changing the configuration of the relay
4.2.1 System data (SD)
Select the system data column of the menu, enter the password and then step down
to the cell containing the SD links. Press the [+] key to put the relays into setting mode
and use to [F] key to step through the options. The option will be shown in
abbreviated form on the top line of the display as each function link is selected.
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To select an option set the link to “1” with the [+] key and to deselect it set it to “0”
with the [–] key.
The following options are available via links SD0 to SD7:
SD0 Not used
SD1 Rem Cntrl 1 = enable remote control
SD2 Rem LSB 1 = enable load shedding/boost
SD3 Rem Grp2 1 = enable remote change to group2 settings
SD4 En Grp2 1 = enable group 2 settings
0 = hide group 2 settings
SD5 Not used
SD6 Not used
SD7 Log Evts 1 = enable logic changes in event recorder
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
Now step down the menu to cell [0004 Description] and enter a suitable name for
the configuration; a maximum of sixteen characters are available.
Step down one cell [0005 Plant Ref.], where a suitable reference can be entered for
the plant that the relay is to protect. If the configuration is for a relay that is to be
applied to one particular circuit, then the reference by which the circuit is known can
be entered at this time; a maximum of sixteen characters are available.
Now move down the system data column to cell [0009 Freq] and set the frequencyto
50Hz or 60Hz as appropriate. This is an important setting because it will be the
default frequency used by the analogue/digital converter when appropriate signals
are not available for frequency tracking.
If the address of the relay on the serial communication bus is known then it can be
entered at this time. This cell is password protected on the series 2 relays.
This concludes the settings that can be entered in this menu column at this time.
4.2.2 Logic links (LOG)
The Logic Links under the LOGIC menu column heading customise the auxiliary
functions of the relay. Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step
through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options required.
LOG0 Not used
LOG1 TpFail 1 = block if outside dead time for max time
LOG2 IC > Blk 1 = Block for excessive circulating current
LOG3 IL > Blk Block for excessive load current
LOG4 total opsBlk Block for excessive number of operations
LOG5 Freq opsBlk Block for frequent operations
LOG6 Irev Blk Block for reverse current
LOG7 Runaway BlkBlock tap change operation if operation occurs without a signal
to raise or lower the voltage
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
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4.2.3 Control links (CTL)

The Control Links under the CONTROL menu column heading customise the auxiliary
functions of the relay. Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step
through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options required.
LOG0 Not used
CTL1 tINV 1 = Inverse time delay
CTL2 Hold Grp2 1 = Hold setting group 2
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
4.2.4 Default logic inputs
The following table is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where
possible so that different schemes will use the a particular logic input for the same or
similar function.
L0 Automatic [Sets KVGC to automatic regulation of voltage]
L1 Manual [Only manual tap changes]
L2 Raise V [Raises the volts by 1 tap in manual mode]
L3 Lower V [Lowers the volts by 1 tap in manual mode]
L4 Block [Inhibits operation and resets timers]
L5 Level 1 [Sets load shedding/boost to level 1]
L6 Level 2 [Sets load shedding/boost to level 2]
L7 Level 3 [Sets load shedding/boost to level 3]
4.2.5 Default output relays
The following table is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where
possible so that differrent schemes will use the a particular output relay for the same
or similar function.
RLY0 Raise V [Raise tap position]
RLY1 Lower V [Lower tap position]
RLY3 Blocked [KVGC102 blocked from automatic operation]
RLY4 V<< [Under voltage blocking]
RLY5 V< [Low voltage supervision]
RLY6 V> [Over voltage supervision]
RLY7 IL> [Excessive circulating current supervision]
RLY8 TotalOps [Total operation alarm]
4.3 Setting group selection
The relay has two setting groups, but as supplied only setting group 1 will be visible.
To make the second group of settings visible in the menu, set function link SD4=1 in
the SYSTEM DATA column. The value of the group 2 settings is unimportant when link
SD4 = 0, because group 1 settings will be in use by default.
The menu cell 000E, in the SYSTEM DATA column, is a read only cell that displays
the setting group that is in operation.
Note: The logic associated with the change of setting group has changed from that
in the original K Range relay and the following notes only apply to K Range
series 2 relays.
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Remote change of setting group Link [SD3] must be set to “1” before the relay will
respond to a remote command to change the selected setting group. Because the
command cannot be sustained over the serial link a set/reset register is used to
remember the remotely selected setting group.
When link SD3=1, the set/reset register shall change to 0/1 in response to the
respective commands <Set Group 1>/<Set Group 2> via the serial port.
When the value of set/reset register is “0” then the group 1 settings shall be in
operation and when its value is “1” the group 2 settings will be in operation.
The state of this register is stored when the relay is powered down and restored on
power up.
When link SD3=0 the value of the set/reset register will no longer change in
response to remote command and will retain its last set state prior to setting SD3=0.
When link SD3=0 the value of the cell cannot be changed via the serial port and the
value of this register will have no effect on the setting group in use.
Note: If [SD4] = 0 then the group 2 settings will be hidden and group 1 will be
active by default.
Link [SD4] must be set to “1” to make the second setting group active. Then manual
selection of Setting Group 2 shall be effected by setting link LOG8=1 in the LOGIC
column of the menu.
4.4 Application
4.4.1 Operating sequences
For a large voltage deviation outside the set deadband the tap changer is required to
perform a multiple tap change sequence. Two main methods of controlling such a
sequence using relay type KVGC102 are as follows:-
Method 1

Voltage
deviation

Initial time delay tINIT

definite or inverse
Tap change
increment

Inter-tap
delay
tINTER

dVS

VS

Tap change pulse (tPULSE) at

intervals set by tINTER

Figure 1
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This is the standard method and is suitable where rapid correction of large voltage
deviations is required to give better regulation.
The initial delay setting (tINIT) determines the delay in initiating any tap change
sequence. After the set initiating pulse (tPULSE) the inter-tap delay setting determines
the delay between subsequent tap change initiations. This process continues until the
system voltage is restored to within the deadband limits.
Method 2
For this method a tap changer operated, normally open contact is connected to an
opto assigned to BLOCK, this resets the initial delay timer (tINIT) during each tap
change step and hence the initial timer (tINIT) operates after each tap change.
The normally open contact is usually operated by direct movement of the tap
changer’s motor mechanism using the directional sequence switch.

Voltage
deviation
T1 is determined by deviation
T1 from VS setting

T1
tINTER = 0 gives a non-pulsing output and is also suitable
for continuous adjusting equipment.
T1
Initial delay of VRR set for definite time gives set
time delay between each tap change initiation.
T1

dVS

VS

Figure 2

For inverse initial delays the time delay between tap changes gets progressively
longer as the voltage deviation decreases. With definite initial delay settings the time
delay between each tap change is the fixed initial delay setting.
Method 2 rapidly corrects large voltage deviations, but greatly extends the total time
the voltage remains outside the deadband and is suitable only where load conditions
will tolerate this.
4.5 Optional external connections
4.5.1 Independent/parallel control
Where transformers connected in parallel are controlled using the minimum
circulating current principle, independent operation is selected by shorting the
interconnecting pilot wires as below.

21

KVGC A B To pilot loop

22

Figure 3
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Contact A – OPEN for parallel control

CLOSED for independent control
Contact B – OPEN when local lv OCB is closed
CLOSED when local lv OCB is open
4.5.2 Auto, manual and remote operation modes
The relay has the following modes of operation:
AUTO
MANUAL
BLOCK
REMOTE
The selection of AUTO/MANUAL modes can be made remotely or locally, by a menu
setting, a logic input which can be toggled or through the user interfaces.
The remote selection of AUTO and MANUAL modes can only be made when link
[SD1] is set to ‘1’ or the REMOTE opto-input is energised.
When switched from a locally selected mode to remote, the relay shall remain in the
last locally selected mode until a new mode is selected remotely. The operating
modes of AUTO and MANUAL are memorised, so that the relay will revert to the last
selected mode following an auxiliary power supply interruption.
Three opto inputs AUTO, MANUAL and REMOTE can be used for local operating
mode selection. AUTO and MANUAL select tap change control in service and
REMOTE enables remote control of AUTO or MANUAL modes.
In ‘Manual’ mode, the tap change initiating signal will be independent of the voltage
at the remote end and will not take Line Drop Compensation or Circulating Current
Compensation into account. The delay timer will be reset instantaneously.
In ‘MANUAL’ operating mode, three options will be made available - Block the tap
change, Raise voltage or Lower voltage. The relevant tap change initiating signal will
be made active.
4.5.3 Remote change of operating mode
Either link [SD1] must be set to ‘1’ or the REMOTE input mask must be energised
before the relay will respond to a remote command to change the operating mode.
Because the command cannot be sustained over the serial link a set/reset register is
used to remember the remote selection. When link SD1=1, the set/reset register shall
change to 1/0 in response to the respective commands <Auto>/<Manual> via the
serial port. When the value of set/reset register is 1 then the Automatic Tap Change
Control shall be in operation and when its value is 0 the ‘Manual’ shall be in
operation. The state of this register shall be remembered when the relay is powered
down and restored on power up.
When link SD1=0 the value of the set/reset register shall no longer change in
response to remote command and shall retain its last set state prior to setting SD1=0.
When link [SD1] is set to “0” the value of the cell cannot be changed via the serial
port and the value of this register shall have no effect on the operating mode in use.
4.5.4 Manual change of operating mode via logic input
The energisation of the opto input allocated in Input Mask [MANUAL] will select
‘Manual’ Operating Mode. In MANUAL mode, energising either [RAISE] or [LOWER]
Input Mask will cause the relay to provide an initiating signal to ‘Raise’ or ‘Lower’ to
the tap changer.
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4.6 Line drop compensation for parallel transformers

Where parallel transformers feed distribution lines and line drop compensation is
required, it is sometimes necessary to parallel the line drop compensation (LDC) ct
inputs of each relay in the scheme.
This ensures that each relay measures a current which is proportional to the load
current of the power transformer (PT) irrespective of the number of parallel
transformers in the scheme. Therefore, when the number of transformers supplying the
load changes, the LDC settings on the relay will not need to be adjusted.
Traditionally, when paralleling LDC inputs, it was assumed that line load currents
would split equally between paralleled LDC circuits as LDC impedances were
considered large compared to the interconnecting lead resistances.
The KVGC102 has a LDC burden of 0.4 VA at rated current. This is insufficient to
ensure that interconnecting lead resistances are neglible. Therefore, when the LDC
circuits are paralleled, it is necessary to pad out the burden of the LDC circuits by use
of an external resistor.
It should be remembered that when the LDC input CTs are paralleled, the LDC circuits
will not see any components of the circulating current between parallel transformers,
therefore negative reactance compensation cannot be used to combat circulating
current. Only the ‘pilot’ method of circulating current control or external means of
control can be employed.
The following notes demonstrate how the LDC CTs may be paralleled on a KVGC102
relay.
2RL1 = Lead loop resistance between CT1 and AVR1 plus resistance of AVR
circulating current CT input, KVGC102 terminals 23 and 24 for In=1A or
terminals 25 and 26 for In=5A.
XM1 = CT1 magnetising impedance which will be ignored due to its high value
when CT is unsaturated.
RCT1 = CT1 winding resistance.
RL = Resistance of one lead between AVRs (including any interposing CTs).
CT1 = Driving CT (T1 loaded).
CT2 = Idling CT (T2 loaded).
2IL = Current flowing in line(s) fed by T1/T2 which creates line voltage drop,
which is to be compensated for.

27 I1 I2 RL 27

2IL

2RL1 2RL2

AVR1 RLDC XM1 XM2 RLDC AVR2

(KVGC 102) CT1 CT2 (KVGC 102)

RCT1 RCT2

2IL

28 RL 28

Figure 4: Equivalent circuit diagram for two KVGC 102 relays with paralled
LDC inputs.
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2IL x (2RL + RLDC)

R + (2RL + RLDC)
I1 = LCD
RLDC
Simplifying
2IL (RRLDC • (2RL + RLDC))
I1 = •
RLDC RLDC + (RLDC)
and
(2X + 1) RL
I1 = IL • where X=
(X + 1) RLDC
Ideally I1 should equal IL (also I2 = IL), but since RL is not zero, I1 will exceed IL.
The required value of X to bring I1 down to 1.05IL will be determined by:
(2X + 1)
1.05IL = IL •
(X + 1)
1.05X + 1.05 = 2x + 1
0.05 = 0.95X
X = 0.0526
Therefore we require X < 0.0526 for I1 < 1.05IL
Example 1.
Application of two AVRs (5A rated), using 5A:0.5A interposing transformers to
isolate the individual line CTs.
Assume:

RL

RL

Figure 5

is equivalent to:

RICT1 RICT2 RL' RICT2 RICT1

5:0.5A 5:0.5A

RL'

Figure 6

2(RICT2 + RL')
2RL = 2RICT2 +
100
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Therefore:
(RICT2 + RL')
RL = RICT1 +
100
KVGC102 burden for LDC = 0.4VA at In
Therefore:
0.4
RLDC =
52
= 0.016Ω
and
RL
X= <0.0526
RLDC
Therefore:
(RICT2 + RL')
RICT1 + <0.0526
100
or RLDC must be increased to RLDC' via a series resistor so that:
(RICT2 + RL')
(
RLDC'> 19 R1CT1 +
100
)
eg.
RICT1 = 0.02
RICT2 = 0.3
RL' = 0.2
This gives:

(
RLDC'> 19 0.02 +
(0.03 + 0.2)
100
)
> 0.475
RLDC' = RLDC + RS
Therefore:
Rs > 0.475 – 0.016
> 0.46
Choose a value of 0.5Ω.
Required continuous current capability
2In = 10A
Therefore minimum current rating = 50W and, allowing a 50% derating of the
component, a 100W resistor is required.
THEREFORE USE RS = 0.5Ω 100W.
Note: RS should withstand the maximum main CT secondary rms current for a
minimum of three seconds. The maximum output of the main CTs should not
exceed three times the steady state current through its connected burden and
CT resistance to cause saturation.
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Example 2.
Application of 2 AVRs (1A rated) with direct paralleling
RL = 50m 2.5mm2 Cu = 0.37Ω
0.4
RLDC = = 0.4
I2
RL
X= <0.0526 where RLDC' = RLDC + RS
RLDC'
RLDC' > 19RL
RLDC' > 7.03
Therefore:
RS > 7.03 – 0.4
> 6.63
Choose a value of Rs = 6.8Ω.
Required continuous rating = 2In = 2A
Therefore required continuous power rating of RS = 27.2W.
Allowing a minimum power derating of 50%, use a resistor rated at 75W.
THEREFORE USE RS = 6.8Ω 75W
Note: See short time current withstand note given in example 1.
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 5
Relay Settings
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 5
Contents
Page 1 of 1

5. RELAY SETTINGS 1
5.1 Relay settings 1
5.1.1 Setting voltage (Vs) 2
5.1.2 Deadband (dVs) 2
5.1.3 Initial time delay setting (tINIT) 2
5.1.4 Inter-tap delay (tINTER) 2
5.1.5 Tap pulse duration (tPULSE) 2
5.1.6 Line drop compensation (Vr and Vxl) 3
5.1.7 Circulating current compensation (Vc) 3
5.1.8 Load shedding/boosting 4
5.1.9 Undervoltage detector (V<) 4
5.1.10 Overvoltage detector (V>) 4
5.1.11 Undervoltage blocking (V<<) 4
5.1.12 Circulating current detector (Ic>) 4
5.1.13 Overcurrent detector (IL>) 4
5.1.14 Total number of tap change (TotalOps) 4
5.1.15 Tap change operations (Ops/tP>) 4
5.1.16 Tap fail time delay (tFAIL) 4
5.1.17 Total taps available 5
5.1.18 Phase angle (Angle) 5
5.2 Setting group selection 5
5.2.1 Remote change of setting group 5
5.2.2 Manual change of setting group 5
5.2.3 Controlled change of setting group 5
5.3 Initial factory settings 6
5.3.1 System data settings 6
5.3.2 Link settings 6
5.3.3 Initial control settings 6
5.3.4 Initial logic settings 7
5.3.5 Preferred use of logic inputs 7
5.3.6 Preferred use of output relays 8
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Chapter 5. RELAY SETTINGS

5.1 Relay settings

All the settings can be entered into the relay via the front keypad or using a PC with
a K-Bus connection. The selection can be made in the menu columns for settings, but
password might be required before some settings can be entered. Two setting groups
are available to allow the user to set Group 1 to normal operating conditions while
Group 2 can be set to cover abnormal operating conditions.
The quantities that require setting are listed below with the adjustment range and step
sizes:

Setting Symbols KVGC adjustment range In steps of

Setting voltage Vs 90 – 139V 0.1V
Dead band dVs ±0.5% to ±5% of Vs 0.1%
Circulating current Ic 0.05 – 0.5A (In = 1A) 0.05 A
0.25 – 2.5A (In = 5A)
Load current IL 0.5 – 2A (In = 1A) 0.05 A
2.5 – 10A (In = 5A)
Circulating current Vc 0 – 50V 1.0V
compensation
Resistive line drop Vr 0 – 50V 1.0V
compensation
Reactive line drop Vxl 0 – 50V 1.0V
compensation
Reverse reactance Internal reversal of VXL
control vector
Initial delay (tINIT): Definite 0 – 20 secs 1 sec
20 – 120 secs 10 secs
Inverse See Chapter 6.3.3
Intertap delay tINTER 0 – 120 secs 0.1 secs
Tap pulse duration tPULSE 0.5 – 5 secs 0.5 secs
Load (3 Steps) 0 – ±10% of Vs 1%
shedding/boosting
Under voltage detection V< 80 – 120V 1.0V
Over voltage detection V> 110 – 160V 1.0V
Under voltage blocking V<< 60 – 130V 1.0V
Total taps available TapsAvail 1 – 40 1
Maximum tap position TP> 1 – 40 1
Minimum tap position TP< 1 – 40 1
Total no. of tap changes TotalOps> 1 – 10000 1
Tap changer operations Ops/tP> 1 – 100 1
Time period tP 1 – 24 hrs 1 hr
Excessive circulating
current time delay tIC 0 – 180 secs 10 secs
Alarm initiation time delay tFAIL> 0 – 15 mins 30 secs
Phase angle setting Angle 0 – 90 degrees 1 degree
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5.1.1 Setting voltage (Vs)

The setting voltage can be selected between 90 and 139V in 0.1 volt steps.
The relay compares the system input voltage with this setting voltage and provides
raise or lower signals to the tap changer to control the system voltage to be within the
set deadband limits.
5.1.2 Deadband (dVs)
The deadband limits are defined as dVs % of Vs setting and are dependent on the
tap step increment of the regulating transformer. Typically, dVs % = ±1% for an
average tap step increment of 1.4% on the transformer. The deadband can be set
between 0.5% to 5% of Vs.
5.1.3 Initial time delay setting (tINIT)
The time delay to initiate a tap change sequence is set by the initial time delay setting
between 0 and 120 seconds. A software function link (CTL link 2 ) determines setting
of either definite or an inverse time characteristic.
Selection of a ‘definite’ initial time delay provides a fixed definite time delay before
initiating a tap change and is independent of the voltage deviation. Whereas,
selection of an ‘inverse’ characteristic gives a time delay inversely proportional to the
voltage deviation from the setting voltage, Vs.
For inverse characteristic the initial time delay setting defines the operating time
delay at the edge of the deadband, N=1. Larger voltage deviations give
corresponding faster operating times as shown by the inverse characteristic in
Appendix 1. The general expression for inverse time curve:
t = k + [(initial time delay setting) x (1/N)]
where k = 0.5 for initial time delay setting ≤20s
=0 for initial time delay setting >20s
N indicates % deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs % and is calculated as:

Vreg – Vs
*100
N= Vs
dVs%
where Vreg = Voltage to be regulated
Vs = Voltage setting
dVs % = Dead band
5.1.4 Inter-tap delay (tINTER)
Where a multiple tap change sequence is required to bring the voltage back to
within the deadband limits then the time delay between successive tapping outputs
can be set between 0 and 120 seconds. This is normally set to be slightly longer than
the operating time of the tap changer mechanism.
The inter-tap delay starts after the initial time delay has elapsed. When the initial time
has elapsed the output continues to give pulsed closure for tap pulse duration at
intervals set by the inter-tap delay. Setting the inter-tap delay to 0 seconds results in a
continuous output indicated by continuously illuminated ‘Control LED’.
5.1.5 Tap pulse duration (tPULSE)
The tap pulse duration can be set between 0.5 to 5 seconds. It is initiated to ‘Raise
volts’ or ‘Lower volts’ during multiple tap change sequence.
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5.1.6 Line drop compensation (Vr and Vxl)

The resistive and reactive controls are set such that the voltage at a point remote to
the tap changing transformer can be regulated for varying load conditions.
The resistive line drop compensation can be set between 0 and 50 volts at rated
current.
The reactive line drop compensation can be set between -50 to +50 volts at rated
current.
[Link] [Link]
Vr = Vxl =
VT ratio VT ratio
Where Ip = primary rated current of line CT
RL = resistive component of line impedance
XL = reactive component of line impedance
VT ratio = ratio of primary to secondary voltages of line VT
Setting the Vxl to –ve value allows selection of reverse reactance for control of
circulating current where transformers are connected in parallel. For reverse
reactance control the settings are now as below:
[Link]
Vxl (reverse) =
VT ratio
Where Xt = reactance of transformer
[Link]
Now Vr = (RL Cos φ + XL Sin φ + Xt Sin φ)
VT ratio
Where Cos φ = power factor of load
Note that the setting Vr/Vx in the control column should be set to (90 – φ) in this
case.
Vr
For example a p.f. of 0.95 gives ϕ = 18°. Therefore set = 72°
Vx
The above shows that the effective Vr compensation can vary significantly for varying
power factors. Reverse reactance control of parallel transformers is used where
transformers are dissimilar or at different locations and the power factor variation is
not too great.
5.1.7 Circulating current compensation (Vc)
An alternative method of achieving stable control of parallel transformers is to
minimise the reactive circulating current Ic by the introduction of a parallel
compensation voltage Vc, which is proportional to Ic. To establish the value of Ic, a
pair of pilots must be connected between the KVGC’s on the parallel transformers
(see Figure ?? in Appendix 3).
The Vc setting can be set between 0 and 50 volts for reactive rated current applied to
the circulating current inputs. The Vc setting is determined during commissioning
procedures such that optimum stability is obtained for parallel transformers.
An approximate setting is given by:
[Link]
Vc =
VT ratio
Circulating current control using Vc setting allows both resistive and reactive
components of line drop compensation to be utilised and is independent of power
factor variations.
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5.1.8 Load shedding/boosting

The effective regulated voltage can be lowered or raised by means of the load
shedding/boosting option. Three programmable levels are available which can be
selected either remotely via K-Bus or by energising one of the three opto inputs
channels. Each level can be set between 0 and ±10% and the selected values can be
viewed under the SYSTEM DATA heading of the menu system.
5.1.9 Undervoltage detector (V<)
Independent control is provided to detect undervoltage condition set between 80 and
120 volts. This function may be used to block operations that would lower the voltage
further, thus defining the minimum working limit of the transformer and allowing tap
changes in such a direction as to restore the regulated voltage. By using the output
mask an output contact may be set to operate for an undervoltage condition.
5.1.10 Overvoltage detector (V>)
Independent control is provided to detect overvoltage condition set between 110 and
160 volts. This function may be used to block operations that would raise the voltage
further, to prevent excessive voltage on busbars local to the transformers. By using the
output mask an output contact may be set to operate for an overvoltage condition.
5.1.11 Undervoltage blocking (V<<)
The undervoltage blocking settings can be set between 60 and 130 volts. Where the
system voltage falls below the set value, the undervoltage detector operates and
instantaneously resets the initial time delay thus inhibiting the relay outputs to ‘Raise’
or ‘Lower’ tap change operations. This feature provides an alternative method to
overcome the voltage fluctuations.
5.1.12 Circulating current detector (Ic>)
The excessive circulating current detector settings can be set between 5% and 50%
of In. In the event of excessive circulating current over a time period (tIC), set
between 0 and 180 seconds, the detector can be used to internally block the relay
for both raise and lower operations and set an alarm.
Note: Separate external relay terminals are provided for 1A and 5A inputs.
5.1.13 Overcurrent detector (IL>)
The overcurrent detector setting can be set between 50% and 200% of In. An alarm
can be initiated if the load current exceeds this setting.
Note: In for the currents can be set via CONTROL column of the menu system.
5.1.14 Total number of tap change (TotalOps)
The total number of tap operations can be set between 1 and 10000. An alarm is
initiated if the number of operations exceeds the set value.
5.1.15 Tap change operations (Ops/tP>)
The total number of tap changes allowed in a time period can be set between 1 and
100 and the time period (tP) can be set between 0 and 24 hours. An alarm is
initiated if the number of tap operations exceeds the preset value over a preset time
period.
5.1.16 Tap fail time delay (tFAIL)
Alarm initiation time delay can be set between 0 and 15 minutes. An alarm is
initiated if the voltage has changed due to tap change operation in respond to a
valid Raise/Lower command issued by the relay, but is unable to come within the
prescribed deadband limits within the period of preset time delay.
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5.1.17 Total taps available

The total number of taps available can be set between 1 and 40. Two threshold
settings TP> (maximum tap position) and TP< (minimum tap position) can also be set
between 1 and 40. An alarm can be initiated if the tap position indication is outside
the set thresholds.
5.1.18 Phase angle (Angle)
The phase angle can be set between 0 and 90 degrees. This provides compensation
for different power factors in the system where negative reactance control is being
used.
5.2 Setting group selection
The relay has two setting groups, but as supplied only setting group 1 will be visible.
To make the second group of settings visible in the menu, set function link SD4 = 1
in the SYSTEM DATA column. The value of the group 2 settings is unimportant when
link SD4 = 0, because group 1 settings will be in use by default. The menu cell
000E, in the SYSTEM DATA column, is a read only cell that displays the setting group
that is in operation. The logic for the setting group is given in the logic diagram in
Appendix 2.
5.2.1 Remote change of setting group
Link [SD3] must be set to “1” before the relay will respond to a remote command to
change the selected setting group. Because the command cannot be sustained over
the serial link a set/reset register is used to remember the remotely selected setting
group. When link SD3 = 1, the set/reset register shall change to 0/1 in response to
the respective commands <Set Group 1>/<Set Group 2> via the serial port.
When the value of set/reset register is “0” then the group 1 settings shall be in
operation and when its value is “1” the group 2 settings will be in operation.
The state of this register is stored when the relay is powered down and restored on
power up. When link SD3 = 0 the value of the set/reset register will no longer
change in response to remote commands and will retain its last set state prior to
setting SD3 = 0. When link SD3 = 0 the value of the cell cannot be changed via the
serial port and the value of this register will have no effect on the setting group in
use.
Note: that if [SD4] = 0 then the group 2 settings will be hidden and group 1 will
be active by default.
5.2.2 Manual change of setting group
Link [SD4] must be set to “1” to make the second setting group active. Then manual
selection of Setting Group 2 shall be effected by setting link control link CTL2=1 in
the CONTROL column of the menu.
5.2.3 Controlled change of setting group
Link SD4 must be set to “1” to make the second setting group active. Now energising
a logic input allocated in mask [070A STG GRP2] will select setting group 2.
The logic input could be energised via the contacts of one of the output relays so that
change of setting group will be in response to some control or supervision functions.
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5.3 Initial factory settings

As received the relay will be configured with the settings shown below. The password
must first be entered before the configuration settings on the relay can be changed
either via keypad or over the serial communications port.
5.3.1 System data settings
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYS Password AAAA
SYS Function Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
SYS Description KVGC102 01Fx 1Gx
SYS Plant Ref. KVGC102 01Fx 1Gx
SYS Model No. KVGC102 01Fx 1Gx
SYS Frequency 50 Hz
SYS Relay Address 255
Alarms x x x x x x x x x 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

5.3.2 Link settings

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CTL Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOG Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

5.3.3 Initial control settings

Control Symbol Factory Settings

CT Ratio 1:1
VT Ratio 1:1
Rated current In 1A
Regulated voltage Vs 110V
Dead band dVs ±1%
Circulating current compensation Vc (volt/In) 0
Resistive LDC compensation Vr (volt/In) 0
Reactive LDC compensation (– = reverse) Vx (volt/In) 0
Low power factor LDC compensation Angle Vr/Vx 90°
Initial definite time delay tINIT DT 30 seconds
Inter tap delay tINTER 5 seconds
Tap pulse duration tPULSE 1 second
LSB Level 1 0
LSB Level 2 0
LSB Level 3 0
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5.3.4 Initial logic settings

Logic Symbol Factory Settings

Undervoltage total inhibit level (% of Vs) V<< 80V
Undervoltage blocking limit V< 100V
Overvoltage blocking limit V> 120V
Total time outside dead band to = failure tFAIL 180s
Excessive circulating current threshold Ic> 0.05A (1A)
0.25A (5A)
Excessive circulating current time delay tIC 0s
Line overcurrent threshold IL> 1.2A (1A)
6.0A (5A)
Total number of taps available TpAvail 20
Upper tap alarm limit TP> 16
Lower tap alarm limit TP< 4
Total number of tap change operations total ops> 5000
Number of tap changes allowed in time tP opstP> 40
Time period tP 24

5.3.5 Preferred use of logic inputs

The following is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where possible
so that different schemes will use the particular logic input for the same, or similar
function.

INPUT MASKS DEFAULT SETTINGS

Remote 00000000
Automatic 00000001
Manual 00000010
Raise V 00000100
Lower V 00001000
Block 00010000
Level 1 00100000
Level 2 01000000
Level 3 10000000
Stg Grp2 00000000
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5.3.6 Preferred use of output relays

The following is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where possible
so that different schemes will use a particular output relay for the same or similar
function.

RELAY MASKS DEFAULT SETTINGS

Raise V 00000001
Lower V 00000010
Blocked 00000100
V<< 00001000
V> 00010000
V< 00100000
Tap Fail 00000000
Ic> 01000000
IL> 10000000
TotalOps> 00000000
FreqOps 00000000
Irev 00000000
RUN - AWAY 00000000
Tap Limit 00000000
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 6
Measurement, Records and Alarms
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Contents
Page 1 of 1

6. MEASUREMENT, RECORDS AND ALARMS 1

6.1 Measurement 1
6.1.1 Currents 1
6.1.2 Voltages 1
6.1.3 Frequency 1
6.1.4 Power factor 1
6.1.5 Tap position 2
6.1.6 Tap changer operations counter 2
6.1.7 Frequent operations monitor 2
6.1.8 Time remaining to next tap 2
6.2 Event records 2
6.2.1 Triggering event records 3
6.2.2 Time tagging of event records 3
6.2.3 Accessing and resetting event records 3
6.2.4 Recorded times 3
6.3 Alarm records 3
6.3.1 Watchdog 3
6.3.2 Alarm indication 4
6.3.3 Blocked indication 4
6.4 Functional alarms 4
6.4.1 Raise/lower volts indication 4
6.4.2 Blocked indication 4
6.4.3 Undervoltage blocking (V<<) 4
6.4.4 Undervoltage detection (V<) 4
6.4.5 Overvoltage detection (V>) 5
6.4.6 Circulating current detection (Ic>) 5
6.4.7 Overcurrent detection (IL>) 5
6.4.8 Reverse current blocking (Irev) 5
6.4.9 Run-Away 5
6.4.10 Tap position indication 5
6.4.11 Tap change operations counter 5
6.4.12 Frequent operations monitor 6
6.4.13 Tap changer failure mechanism 6
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Chapter 6. MEASUREMENT, RECORDS AND ALARMS

6.1 Measurement
The measured voltage (Vbc) and phase A current values (IL) and (Ic) are available in
real time. The rolling average calculation is used to provide a stable displayed
reading of the measured values obtained from the sampled waveforms. It is achieved
by averaging the last eight measured or calculated values.
6.1.1 Currents
Current is measured once per power frequency cycle and Fourier is used to extract
the fundamental component. Measurements are made for line (IL) and circulating
currents (Ic). These values are stored in cell locations 0203 and 0204 respectively.
6.1.2 Voltages
The line voltage (Vbc) is measured directly and stored in menu location 0201.
The regulated voltage (Vreg) is calculated by subtracting the line compensation and
circulating current compensation voltages from the line voltage (Vbc). This voltage is
compared with the reference voltage (Vs) and the deviation in the regulated voltage is
adjusted automatically by actuating the tap changer mechanism. The regulated
voltage (Vreg) is stored in cell location 0202.
6.1.3 Frequency
The sampling frequency of the A/D converter is synchronised to the power system
frequency when there is a signal of sufficient strength to reliably make a frequency
measurement. In the absence of a signal to frequency track the sampling frequency
defaults to the power frequency setting in menu cell 0009. The measured frequency
defaults to the power frequency setting when the current and voltage is zero. The
displayed frequency measurement will also be the sampling frequency, but in this
case it will read 0 when the frequency tracking stops. The measured frequency is
stored in cell location 0206.
6.1.4 Power factor
The real and apparent power is calculated from the measured load current (IL) and
line voltage (Vbc) quantities. These are made available in the form of magnitude and
phase information or as quadrature fourier vectors (Icos(_vect and Isin(_vect) as
illustrated in the diagram below.
Isin θ vect

ag
_m

θ
Icos θ_vect

‘Real’ power is then calculated from fourier Vbc Icos( vector and the fourier IL Icosφ.
The apparent power is calculated from Vbc and IL magnitudes.
The power factor is calculated by rotating the load current by –90° to make it relative
to Vbc. The calculated power pf is converted into a ‘numeric quantity ( in the form of
‘Mantissa, Sign, Exponent, Units’) to allow it to be used by the measurement display.
The power factor is stored in cell location 0205.
pf = [real power]/[apparent power]
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6.1.5 Tap position

The relay provides an indication of the actual tap position (1 to 40). The tap position
is determined by applying Vbc to a potential divider and determining the tap position
from the output voltage which is measured by the relay. The tap position is rounded
to the nearest integer.
The voltage of each step is given by Vbc/Number of taps selected on the relay.
The value of the tap position is stored in cell location 0207.
The highest and lowest tap positions since last reset are also recorded and the values
are stored in cell locations 0208 and 0209 respectively. The values can be reset to
zero by pressing the [0] key.
6.1.6 Tap changer operations counter
The “Tap Change Operations Counter” is incremented by 1 each time the tap
position is changed. The tap change may be initiated by the internal tap change
control fuctions, manual tap change, local control sequences or remote tap change
sequences. Logic ensures that register is only incremented by 1 in any one tap
changing operation. The value of the counter is stored in cell location 020A which
can be reset to zero by pressing the [0] key.
6.1.7 Frequent operations monitor
The frequent operations counter is incremented every time a tap change operation is
initiated over a preset time (tP), after which an event is raised and the value of the
number of operations is recorded. The delay timer and the counter for the tap change
operation are reset to zero after the event is logged. The counter can be reset to zero
at any time by pressing the [0] key. The value of the counter is stored in cell location
020B.
6.1.8 Time remaining to next tap
The value of location 020C (tREMAIN) is measured and displayed as time remaining
to change next tap. When a tap change is initiated (Raise or Lower volts) the value of
the initial time delay setting is first stored into this location. When the initial time has
elapsed (ie. decremented to zero) this location is then stored with the value of the
inter-tap delay setting. When the inter-tap has elapsed (decremented to zero), a tap
change is initiated and the location is re-stored with inter-tap delay value.
This process continous until the regulated voltage is within the deadband.
6.2 Event records
Fifty time tagged event records can be stored, after which the oldest record is
overwritten. They are stored in non volatile memory and will be lost if the relay is
powered down. The event records can only be accessed via the serial
communication port and PC software is available to support the automatic extraction
and storing of these records.
The following items are recorded with a time tag by the event recorder:
• Changes to settings made locally.
• Alarm status.
• Frequent Operations Monitor.
Events for change in state of an logic input and/or an output relay can be recorded
by setting the system data link [SD7]. These two particular forms of events will occur
frequently and so by setting [SD7]=0, the recording of these events can be inhibited.
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6.2.1 Triggering event records

Event records are triggered automatically in response to the functions listed in
Chapter 6.2.
6.2.2 Time tagging of event records
The KVGC relay do not have a real time clock. Instead, it has a free-running 32-bit
counter that increments every 1 millisecond. When an event occurs, the value of this
millisecond counter is recorded (Ta) and stored in the event buffer. When the event is
extracted, the present value of the millisecond counter is also sent in the message
(Tb). The master station must record the actual time at which it received the event
message (Tc). This is equivalent to Tb if we consider the transmission time of the event
over the communication network to be negligible. It then calculates how long ago the
event occurred by:
How long ago = (Tb – Ta) milliseconds ago
Real time = (time message was received) – (how long ago it occurred)
= (Tc) – (Tb – Ta)
Time tagging is to a resolution of 1 millisecond, the incrementation rate of the counter
and remain valid for approximately 49 days. However, the crystal to control the
timing has a nominal accuracy of ±50 ppm, is not externally synchronised and has
no temperature compensation. It can therefore introduce an error of ±1 second in
every 5.5 hours.
The event recording was originally designed for use with automatic extraction
programs running on a personal computer (PC) when these timing errors would be
insignificant.
6.2.3 Accessing and resetting event records
Event records cannot be viewed on the relay and can only be accessed via the serial
communication port of the relay. A PC with suitable software, such as PAS&T, can
automatically extract the records, display them on a screen, print them, or store them
to either a floppy disc or to the hard disc of the computer.
When a new record is generated the oldest event record is automatically overridden
and the event flag set. The PAS&T software responds to this flag and extracts the
record. When all records have been read, the event flag resets.
6.2.4 Recorded times
The times recorded for the opto-isolated inputs is the time at which the relay
accepted them as valid and responded to their selected control function. This will be
12.5 ±2.5ms at 50 Hz (10.4 ±2.1ms at 60 Hz) after the opto-input was energised.
The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was
energised and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later. Otherwise, the time
tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1µs for the
samples values.
6.3 Alarm records
6.3.1 Watchdog
The watchdog relay will pick-up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy
state, with its “make” contact closed. When an alarm condition is detected that
requires some action to be taken, the watchdog relay will reset and its “break”
contact will close to give an alarm.
The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog. It will be lit when
the relay is powered-up, operational and no abnormal conditions have been
detected for healthy conditions.
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The watchdog can be tested by setting alarm flag 6 to “1” in menu cell 0022 in the
SYSTEM DATA column of the menu.
6.3.2 Alarm indication
The alarm LED will flash when the password has been entered. It will be lit and
remain steady when an internal fault has been detected by its self test routine.
The alarm flags can then be accessed to determine the fault, provided the relay is still
able to perform this function. See chapter 3, Chapters 3.3.5 and 3.6 for more
information on alarm the flags.
6.3.3 Blocked indication
When the tap change operation is blocked (RaiseV and LowerV), it is indicated by a
CONTROL LED and a relay output contact (BLOCKED) allocated in the relay mask.
The tap change operation can be blocked for any of the following conditions:
• Tap change failure [Tfail)
• Number of tap change operations [TotalOps]
• Frequent tap change operations [FreqOps]
• Run Away protection [RunAway]
• Block logic input mask (0706) is manually initiated
The CONTROL LED will be lit permanently for any of the above conditions. It is also
lit permanently if the inter tap delay time is set to zero for continuous tap change
operation.
6.4 Functional alarms
A relay output should be allocated in the relay mask to give an alarm condition for
any of the functions described in this Chapter. The relay masks can be found in
chapter 3, Chapter 3.3.12. of this service manual. The logic diagram showing the
logic for each of the functions can be found in Appendix 2.
6.4.1 Raise/lower volts indication
Relay outputs can be allocated in the relay masks to give an indication for raise and
lower volts tap change.
6.4.2 Blocked indication
Relay output can be allocated in the relay masks to give an indication for the blocked
condition.
6.4.3 Undervoltage blocking (V<<)
If the system voltage falls below the undervoltage blocking setting value, the
undervoltage detector will operate and instantaneously reset the initial time delay
thus inhibiting the relay outputs to ‘Raise’ or ‘Lower’ tap change operations.
V<< output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the undervoltage blocking
condition to give the alarm indication.
The pick-up/drop-off ratios on the undervoltage blocking detection is ±5% of the
threshold setting.
6.4.4 Undervoltage detection (V<)
The undervoltage detector block operations that would lower the voltage further thus
defining the minimum working limit of the transformer and allowing tap changes in
such a direction as to restore the regulated voltage.
V< output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the undervoltage detection
condition to give the alarm indication.
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The pick-up/drop-off differentials on the undervoltage detectors is ±1% of the

threshold setting.
6.4.5 Overvoltage detection (V>)
The overvoltage detector will block operations that raise the voltage, to prevent
excessive voltage on busbars local to the transformer.
V> output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the overvoltage detection
condition to give the alarm indication.
The pick-up/drop-off differentials on the overvoltage detector will be ±1% of the
threshold setting.
6.4.6 Circulating current detection (Ic>)
The circulating detector (IC>) limits the tap differences between parallel transformers.
In the event of excessive circulating current over a certain period (tIC), the Ic detector
will be used to internally block the relay for both ‘Raise’ and ‘Lower’ operations.
Ic> output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the excessive circulating
current condition to give the alarm indication. If the logic link [LOG2] is set to ‘1’,
the alarm condition will also cause the blocking of the tap change control operation.
The pick-up/drop-off differentials on the excessive circulating current is ±5% of the
threshold setting.
6.4.7 Overcurrent detection (IL>)
If the load current (IL) through a transformer exceeds the threshold setting, IL> output
relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the excessive load current condition to
give the alarm indication. If the logic link [LOG3] is set to ‘1’, the operation of tap
changer will be inhibited for fault or overload current through the transformer.
The pick-up/drop-off differentials on the overcurrent detector is ±5% of the threshold
setting.
6.4.8 Reverse current blocking (Irev)
If the load current IL) is in reverse direction, Irev output relay allocated in the relay
mask will pick up the reverse current condition to give the alarm indication. If the
logic link [LOG6] is set to ‘1’, the operation of tap changer will be inhibited and the
delay timer will be reset instantaneously.
6.4.9 Run-Away
Run-Away is the feature that monitors the tap position and checks that an authentic
tap change signal has been initiated. An alarm is initiated if:
• tap changer operates in the absence of an initiation signal or
• tap changer operates in a direction which causes the voltage to move further
away from the desired voltage Vs.
Blocking condition is initiated to inhibit any further tap changes if logic link [LOG7] is
set to ‘1’.
6.4.10 Tap position indication
The relay provides an indication of the actual tap position. If the tap position read
exceeds the minimum (Tp<) and maximum (Tp>) thresholds, an output relay (TapLimit)
allocated in the relay mask operates to give an alarm indication.
6.4.11 Tap change operations counter
The relay provides an indication of the maximum number of counts of the tap
changer operations (TotalOps). A relay totalises the number of tap change operations
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every time the relay initiates a tap change signal to the tap changer (RaiseV or
LowerV) due to voltage deviation.
When the number of tap change operations exceeds a preset value, TotalOps output
relay allocated in the relay mask will initiate an alarm condition. If link [LOG4] is set
to ‘1’, the tap change operation is blocked and hence putting the relay out of
service.
6.4.12 Frequent operations monitor
The relay also provides the tap changer maintenance mechanism to monitor the
frequent operations (FreqOps) of the tap changer operations. A counter is
incremented as soon as the change in tap position is detected and the maintenance
timer is incremented by the time elapsed since last function call in 10ms periods.
When the number of tap change operations exceed a certain threshold over a preset
time period, FreqOps output relay allocated in the relay mask will initiate an alarm
condition. If logic link [LOG5] is set to ‘1’ and the relay is set in ‘Auto’ mode, any
further tap change operations is blocked and hence putting the relay out of service
until the alarm condition is cleared by pressing the [0] key.
The values of the timer and counter can be reset to zero when any of the following
has occurred:
• Tap change is blocked
• After the events have been recorded after every elapse of time period
• The maintenance timer has exceeded the preset time period
Alternatively, a reset cell command can be sent via the serial communication port.
These cells are password protected and cannot be reset if the password has not been
entered.
6.4.13 Tap changer failure mechanism
The tap changer failure mechanism is provided to detect failure of a tap changer to
respond to Raise/Lower commands of the relay.
If the voltage has changed due to tap change operation in response to a valid Raise/
Lower command issued by the relay, but is unable to come within the prescribed
deadband limits within the period of preset time delay (tFAIL), TapFail output relay
allocated in the relay mask will pick up to give the alarm indication. If the logic link
[LOG1] is set to ‘1’ and the relay is in ‘Auto’ mode, the alarm condition will also
cause the blocking of the tap change control operation. There will be no direct
inhibition of the alarm indication except by non selection in the output mask.
The time delay will reset instantaneously when the voltage is restored to within the
deadband limits.
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 7
Control Functions and Serial Communications
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Contents
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7. CONTROL FUNCTIONS and SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS 1

7.1 Courier language protocol 1
7.2 K-Bus 1
7.2.1 K-Bus transmission layer 1
7.2.2 K-Bus connections 2
7.2.3 Ancillary equipment 2
7.3 Software support 3
7.3.1 Courier Access 3
7.3.2 PAS&T 3
7.3.3 CourierCom 3
7.3.4 PC requirements 4
7.3.5 Modem requirements 4
7.4 Data for system integration 5
7.4.1 Relay address 5
7.4.2 Measured values 5
7.4.3 Status word 5
7.4.4 Plant status word 6
7.4.5 Control status word 6
7.4.6 Logic input status word 6
7.4.7 Output relay status word 6
7.4.8 Alarm indications 6
7.4.9 Event records 6
7.4.10 Notes on recorded times 6
7.5 Setting control 7
7.5.1 Remote setting change 7
7.5.2 Remote control of setting group 7
7.6 Loadshedding/boosting control 8
7.6.1 Remote control of loadshedding/boosting 8
7.6.2 Local control of loadshedding/boosting 8
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Chapter 7. CONTROL FUNCTIONS and SERIAL

COMMUNICATIONS

7.1 Courier language protocol

Serial communications are supported over K-Bus, a multi-drop network that readily
interfaces to IEC 60870-5 FT1.2 Standards. The language and protocol used for
communication is Courier. It has been especially developed to enable generic master
station programs to access many different types of relay without the continual need to
modify the master station program for each relay type. The relays form a distributed
data base and the Master Station polls the slave relays for any information required.
This includes:
• Measured values
• Menu text
• Settings and setting limits
• Event records
• Plant status
Software is available to support both on-line and off-line setting changes to be made
and the automatic extraction and storage of event records as described in Chapter
6.3.
Courier is designed to operate using a polled system, which prevents a slave device
from communicating directly to a master control unit when it needs to inform it that
something has happened; it must wait until the master control unit requests the
information. A feature of Courier is that each piece of information is packeted by
preceding it with a ‘data type and length’ code. By knowing the format of the data
the receiving device can interpret it.
The Courier Communication Manual describes various aspects of this language and
other communication information necessary to interface these devices to other
equipment. It gives details on the hardware and software interfaces as well as
guidelines on how additional devices should implement the Courier language so as
to be consistent with all other devices.
7.2 K-Bus
K-Bus a communication system developed to connect remote slave devices to a
central master control unit, thus allowing remote control and monitoring functions to
be performed using an appropriate communication language. It is not designed to
allow direct communication between slave devices, but merely between a master
control unit and several slave devices. The main features of K-Bus are: cost
effectiveness, high security, ease of installation and ease of use.
The KVGC voltage regulating relay has a serial communication port configured to
K-Bus Standards. K-Bus is a communication interface and protocol designed to meet
the requirements of communication with protective relays and transducers within the
power system substation environment. It has the same reliability as the protective
relays themselves and does not result in their performance being degraded in any
way. Error checking and noise rejection have been of major importance in its design.
7.2.1 K-Bus transmission layer
A diagram showing the connection of relays to K-Bus and the interconnection to a PC
via a KITZ would be helpful here. Suggest Figure 27 from R8501.
The communication port is based on RS485 voltage transmission and reception levels
with galvanic isolation provided by a transformer. A polled protocol is used and no
relay unit is allowed to transmit unless it receives a valid message, without any
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detected error and addressed to it. Transmission is synchronous over a pair of

screened wires and the data is FM0 coded with the clock signal to remove any dc
component so that the signal will pass through transformers.
With the exception of the Master Units, each node in the network is passive and any
failed unit on the system will not interfere with communication to the other units.
The frame format is HDLC and the data rate is 64kbits/s.
7.2.2 K-Bus connections
Connection to the K-Bus Port is by standard Midos 4mm screw terminals or snap-on
connectors. A twisted pair of wires is all that is required; the polarity of connection is
not important. It is recommended that an outer screen is used with an earth
connected to the screen at the Master Station end only. Termination of the screen is
effected with the “U” shaped terminal supplied and which has to be secured with a
self tapping screw in the hole in the terminal block just below terminal 56, as shown
in the diagram. Operation has been tested up to 32 units connected along a 1,000
metres of cable. The specification for suitable cable will be found in the technical
data Chapter. The method of encoding the data results in the polarity of the
connection to the bus wiring being unimportant.
Note: K-Bus must be terminated with a 150Ω resistor at each end of the bus.
The master station can be located at any position, but the bus should only be
driven from one unit at a time.

Connection to earth from

power supply zero volts
1

Rear of case
54
56

K-Bus
Screened 2 core cable

Figure 1: K-Bus connection diagram

7.2.3 Ancillary equipment

The minimum requirement to communicate with the relay is a K-Bus/IEC 60870-5
converter box type KITZ and suitable software to run on an IBM or compatible
personal computer.
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RS232 interconnection lead for connecting the KITZ to a personal computer (PC) and
software as described in Chapter 7.3.
7.3 Software support
7.3.1 Courier Access
The Courier Access program is supplied with each KITZ and it allows on-line access
to any relay or other slave device on the system. It polls all available addresses on
the bus to build a list of the active relays. Each relay can be programmed with a
product description (16 characters) and a plant reference (16 characters).
A particular relay may then be chosen and accessed to display a table listing the
menu column headings. Selecting a heading from the list and pressing the return key
of the computer returns the full page of data that has been selected.
Selecting a setting from the displayed page and pressing the return key again will
bring up the setting change box displaying the current setting value and the
maximum and minimum limits of setting that have been extracted from the relay.
A new setting may be typed in and entered. The new value will be sent to the relay
and the relay will send back a copy of the data it received. If the returned value
matches what was sent, it is judged to have been received correctly and the display
asks for confirmation that the new setting is to be entered. When the execution
command is issued the relay checks the setting is within limits, stores it, then replies to
state(s) if the new value has been accepted, or rejected.
If the setting selected is password protected, the relay will reply that access is denied.
Any data received in error is automatically resent, any data not understood, but
received without error is ignored. Thus setting changes by this route are secure!
A complete setting file can be extracted from the relay and stored on disc and
printed out for record purposes. The stored settings can also be copied to other
relays.
Control commands, such as load shedding/boosting, are actioned in the same way
as setting changes and can be achieved with this program by using the setting
change mechanism. This program supports modem connection but it cannot extract
event or disturbance records.
7.3.2 PAS&T
The Protection Access Software and Toolkit (PAS&T) program performs all the
functions described for the Access program, but additionally it can perform the
following functions:
• Automatically extracts event records, displays them on screen, prints, or stores
them to disc.
• Polls the relay for selected data at set intervals and displays the values on screen,
or stores a selected number of values that it can plot on screen to show trend
information.
• Displays coded or decoded messages on screen to help de-bug the communication
system.
• The Auto-addressing feature allocates the next available address on the bus to a
new relay.
7.3.3 CourierCom
CourierCom is a windows based setting program that can be used off-line, ie.
without the relays being connected. Setting files can be generated in the office and
taken to site on floppy disc for loading to the relays. This program can be used to
down-load the settings to the relay, alternatively ACCESS or PAS&T may be used.
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7.3.4 PC requirements
To operate fully, the above programs require:
• IBM PC/XT/AT/PS2 or true compatible.
• 640 kBytes of main memory RAM
• Graphics adapter CGA, EGA, VGA or MDA
• Serial adapter port configured as COM1 or COM2 (RS232)
• Floppy disc drive 3.5 inch
• MS-DOS 3.2 or later/IBM PC-DOS 3.2 or later
• Parallel printer port for optional printer.
Additional equipment
• Printer
• RS-232 link.
• KITZ 101/KITZ 102/KITZ 201 K-Bus/RS232 communication interface.
• Modem
7.3.5 Modem requirements
ALSTOM T&D Protection and control have adopted the IEC 60870-5 ft1.2 frame
format for transmitting the courier communication language over RS-232 based
systems, which includes transmission over modems.
The IEC 60870-5 ft1.2 specification calls for an 11-bit frame format consisting of 1
start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit. However, most modems cannot
support this 11-bit frame format, so a relaxed 10-bit frame format is supported by the
Protection Access Software & Toolkit and by the KITZ, consisting of 1 start bit 8 data
bits, no parity and 1 stop bit.
Although Courier and IEC-870 both have inherent error detection, the parity checking
on each individual character in the 11-bit frame provides additional security and is a
requirement of IEC 60870 in order to meet the error rate levels it guarantees. It is
therefore recommended that modems should be used which support these 11-bit
frames.
The following modems have been evaluated for use with the full IEC 60870 ft1.2
protocol and are recommended for use:
Dowty Quattro (SB2422)
Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast
Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available; refer
to the modem documentation for details on setting these features:
Support an 11 bit frame (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit).
This feature is not required if the 10-bit frame format is chosen.
Facility to disable all error correction, data compression, speed buffering or
automatic speed changes.
It must be possible to save all the settings required to achieve a connection in non-
volatile memory. This feature is only required for modems at the outstation end of the
link.
Notes: 1. The V23 asymmetric data rate (1200/75bps) is not supported
2. Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters.
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7.4 Data for system integration

7.4.1 Relay address
The relay can have any address from 1 to 254 inclusive. Address 255 is the global
address that all relays, or other slave devices, respond to. The Courier protocol
specifies that no reply shall be issued by a slave device in response to a global
message. This is to prevent all devices responding and causing contention on the
bus.
The relay is supplied with its address set to 255 to ensure that when connected to an
operational network they will not have a conflicting address with another device that
are already operational. To make the new devices fully operational they must have
their address set. The address can be changed manually by entering the password
and changing the address by the setting change method via the user interface on the
front of the relay.
Alternatively, if the software running on the PC supports “auto-addressing”, the relay
address can be set to “0” and the auto-addressing feature of the PC software turned
on. The relay will then be automatically set to the next available address on the bus.
PAS&T software supports both these feature.
If the address is 255, or unknown, the device address can be changed by sending a
new address, in a global message, to a device with a particular serial number. This
method is useful for devices that are not provided with a user interface with which to
read the or change the current address and is supported by both PAS&T, ACCESS
and CourierCom.
7.4.2 Measured values
Any measured value can be extracted periodically by polling the relay. Measured
values are stored in the menu locations under column heading MEASURE.
7.4.3 Status word
A status byte is contained in every reply from a slave device. This is returned by the
relay at the start of every message to signal important data on which the Master
Station may be designed to respond automatically.
The flags contained are:
Bit 0 – 1 = Not used
Bit 1 – 1 = Plant status word changed
Bit 2 – 1 = Control status word changed
Bit 3 – 1 = Relay busy, cannot complete reply in time
Bit 4 – 1 = Relay out of service
Bit 5 – 1 = Event record available for retrieval
Bit 6 – 1 = Alarm LED lit
Bit 7 – 1 = Control LED lit
Bits 6 and 7 are used to mimic the alarm and control indication on the frontplate of
the slave devices. They cannot be used extract fault and alarm information from a
slave device because they cannot be guaranteed to be set for a long enough period
to be identified.
Bits 5 enable the master station to respond automatically and extract event records, if
they are so programmed so to do.
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7.4.4 Plant status word

The plant status word can be found in menu cell 000C. It is used to transport plant
status information over the communication network. This feature is not used on KVGC
relay.
7.4.5 Control status word
The control status word will be found in menu cell 000D. It is used to transfer control
information from the slave device to the master control unit.
7.4.6 Logic input status word
The status of the logic control inputs can be observed by polling menu cell 0020,
where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8
logic inputs. No control actions are possible on this cell other than to read it.
7.4.7 Output relay status word
The status of the output relays can be observed by polling menu cell 0021, where the
lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 output relays.
No control actions are possible on this cell other than to read it.
7.4.8 Alarm indications
The status of the internal alarms produced by the relays self test routine can be
observed by polling menu cell 0022, where the lowest 7 bits of the returned value
indicates the status of each of the alarms. No control actions are possible on this cell
except for bit 6 which can be set/reset, in order to test the watchdog relay.
7.4.9 Event records
An event may be a change of state of a control input or an output relay; it may be a
setting that has been changed locally; control function that has performed its
intended function. A total of 50 events may be stored in a buffer, each with an
associated time tag. This time tag is the value of a timer counter that is incremented
every 1 millisecond.
The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port when the
relay is connected to a suitable Master Station. When the relay is not connected to a
Master Station the event records can still be extracted within certain limitations:
• The event records can only be read via the serial communication port and a
K-Bus/IEC 60870-5 Interface Unit will be required to enable the serial port to be
connected to an IBM or compatible PC. Suitable software will be required to run
on the PC so that the records can be extracted.
• When the event buffer becomes full the oldest record is overwritten by the next
event.
• Records are deleted when the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed, to ensure
that the buffer does not contain invalid data. Dual powered relays are most likely
to be affected.
• The time tag will be valid for 49 days assuming that the auxiliary supply has not
been lost within that time. However, there may be an error of ±4.3s in every 24
hour period due to the accuracy limits of the crystal. This is not a problem when a
Master Station is on line as the relays will usually be polled once every second or
so.
The contents of the event record are documented in chapter 6, Chapter 6.2.
7.4.10 Notes on recorded times
As described in chapter 6, Chapter 6.2.2 the event records are appended with the
value of a 1 millisecond counter and the current value of the counter is appended to
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the start of each reply form a relay. Thus it is possible to calculate how long ago the
event took place and subtract this from the current value of the real time clock in the
PC.
If transmission is to be over a modem there will be additional delays in the
communication path. In which case the KITZ can be selected to append the real time
at which the message was sent and this value can then be used in the conversion of
the time tags. With this method of time tagging, the time tags for all relays on K-Bus
will be accurate, relative to each other, regardless of the accuracy of the relay time
clock.
See also chapter 6, Chapter 6.2.4 for additional information on time tagging
accuracy.
7.5 Setting control
Control functions via a KVGC relay can be performed over the serial communication
link. They include change of relay settings, change of setting groups, remote control
of the operating modes.
Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays
menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password.
CRC and message length checks are used on each message received. No response
is given for received messages with a detected error. The Master Station can be set to
resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a reply or receives a
reply with a detected error.
Note: Control commands are generally performed by changing the value of a cell
and are actioned by the setting change procedure, as described in Chapter
7.3.1, and have the same inherent security. No replies are permitted for
global commands as this would cause contention on the bus; instead a
double send is used for verification of the message by the relay for this type
of command. Confirmation that a control command, or setting change, has
been accepted is issued by the relay and an error message is returned when
it is rejected.
The command to change setting group does not give an error message when
the group 2 settings are disabled unless link SD3=0 to inhibit response to a
remote setting group change commands.
7.5.1 Remote setting change
The relay will only respond to setting change commands via the serial port if link
SD1=1. Setting SD1=0 inhibits all remote setting changes with the exception of the
SD software links and the password entry. Thus, with link SD1=0, remote setting
changes are password protected.
To change them, the password must be remotely entered and the function link SD
function link SD1 set to “1” to enable remote setting changes. When all setting
changes have been made set link SD1=0 to restore password protection to remote
setting changes.
7.5.2 Remote control of setting group
The setting group selection is fully described in chapter 5, Chapter 5.2 including the
remote control of this function. Group 2 must be activated before it can be selected
by setting software link SD4=1. Set link SD3=1 to enable the relay to respond
change setting group commands, via the serial port to select group 2 and set SD4=1
to inhibit this function.
If the remote setting changes have been selected to have password protection, as
described in Chapter 7.5.1, then it can also be applied to the remote setting group
selection as follows. Set link SD3=0 to inhibit remote setting changes, then set link
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SD1=1 to enable remote setting changes and set link CTL2=1. The group 2 settings
will then be in operation and setting link SD1=0 will restore the password protection.
If conventional SCADA has an output relay assigned to select the alternative setting
group then it may be used to energise a logic input assigned in the input mask
[070A STG GRP 2]. In this case set link SD3=0.
7.6 Loadshedding/boosting control
7.6.1 Remote control of loadshedding/boosting
The KVGC relay responds to the loadshedding/boosting by level Courier commands.
These commands are used to control the level of loadshedding/boosting of the KVGC
relay. The relay retains the selected level until new command is received or an opto
input is energised, which overrides the command over the serial port. The settings are
stored by the relay when the relay is powered-down and restored again on power-
up.
The relay will only respond to the commands via serial port if link SD2=1.
Setting SD2=0 inhibits all remote commands over the serial port.
The following cell locations are allocated to store three levels of loadshedding/
boosting in the CONTROL column of the menu system.

LEVELS Cell Location

Level 1 030E
Level 2 030F
Level 3 0310

The following truth table then applies:

COURIER COMMAND SELECT

Level 0 None
Level 1 Select level 1 setting
Level 2 Select level 2 setting
Level 3 Select level 3 setting

7.6.2 Local control of loadshedding/boosting

Local loadshedding/boosting control of the relay are via using the opto inputs
assigned in input mask. The three levels can be selected by energising one of the
three opto input channels as required by the user. If more than one opto inputs are
energised at any one time then the relay acts on the setting nearest to 0.
For example if,
Level1 = 3 % and Level 2 = +9 %, then level 1 is selected OR
Level1 = 3 % and Level 2 = –3 % then level 2 is selected. The –ve setting has priority
over the +ve setting if both values are equally nearest to 0.
The following cell locations are assigned in the input masks.

LEVELS Cell Location

Level 1 0707
Level 2 0708
Level 3 0709
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 8
Technical Data
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8. TECHNICAL DATA 1
8.1 Ratings 1
8.1.1 Inputs 1
8.2 Outputs 1
8.3 Burdens 1
8.3.1 Current circuits 1
8.3.2 Reference voltage 1
8.3.3 Auxiliary voltage 2
8.3.4 Opto-isolated inputs 2
8.4 Control function setting ranges 2
8.5 Time delay setting ranges 3
8.5.1 Inverse time delay 3
8.5.2 Definite time delay 3
8.6 Supervision function settings 3
8.7 Transformer ratios 3
8.8 Measurement (displayed) 4
8.9 Accuracy 4
8.9.1 Current 4
8.9.2 Time delays 4
8.9.3 Directional 4
8.9.4 Measurements 4
8.10 Influencing quantities 4
8.10.1 Ambient temperature 4
8.10.2 Frequency 5
8.10.3 Angle measurement 5
8.11 Opto-isolated inputs 5
8.12 Output relays 6
8.13 Operation indicator 6
8.14 Communication port 6
8.15 Current transformer requirements 6
8.16 High voltage withstand 7
8.16.1 Dielectric withstand IEC 60255-5:1977 7
8.16.2 High voltage impulse IEC 60255-5:1977 7
8.16.3 Insulation resistance IEC 60255-5:1977 7
8.17 Electrical environment 7
8.17.1 DC supply interruptions IEC 60255-11:1979 7
8.17.2 AC ripple on dc supply IEC 60255-11:1979 7
8.17.3 High frequency disturbance IEC 60255-22-1:1988 7
8.17.4 Fast transient IEC 60255-22-4:1992 7
8.17.5 EMC compliance 7
8.17.6 Electrostatic discharge test IEC 60255-22-2 :1996 7
8.17.7 Radiated immunity IEC 60255-22-3:1989 and IEC 60801-3:1984 7
8.17.8 Conducted immunity ENV50141:1993 7
8.17.9 Radiated emissions EN55011:1991 8
8.17.10 Conducted emissions EN55011:1991 8
8.18 ANSI/IEEE Specifications 8
8.18.1 Surge withstand capability 8
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8.18.2 Radiated electromagnetic Interference 8

8.19 Environmental 8
8.19.1 Temperature IEC 60255-6:1988 8
8.19.2 Humidity IEC 60068-2-3:1969 8
8.19.3 Enclosure protection IEC 60529:1989 8
8.20 Mechanical environment 8
8.20.1 Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 8
8.20.2 Shock and bump IEC 60255-21 2:1988 8
8.20.3 Seismic IEC 60255-21-3:1993 8
8.21 Model numbers 9
8.22 Frequency response 9
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Chapter 8. TECHNICAL DATA

8.1 Ratings
8.1.1 Inputs
AC current (In) Rated (In) Continuous 3 sec 1 sec
(A) (xIn) (xIn) (A)
Auxiliary 1 3.2 30 100
5 3.2 30 400

Voltage Input Rated (Vn) Continuous 10 sec

(Line) (V) (xVn) (xVn)
110 4 5.4

Operative range
Auxiliary voltage Rated voltage DC supply AC supply Crest
(Vx) (V) (V) (V) (V)
Auxiliary powered 24 – 125 19 – 150 50 – 133 190
48 – 250 33 – 300 87 – 265 380

Frequency Nominal rating Operative range

(Fn) (Hz) (Hz)
Freq. tracking 50 or 60 45 – 65
Non-tracking 50 47 – 52.5
Non tracking 60 57 – 63

Rating Off state On state

(Vdc) (Vdc) (Vdc)
Logic inputs 50 ≤12 ≥35
8.2 Outputs
Field voltage 48V dc (current limited to 60mA)
8.3 Burdens
8.3.1 Current circuits
Circulating Line Conditions
In = 1A 2.600 0.007 ohms at In
In = 1A 2.600 0.007 ohms at 30In
In = 5A 0.100 0.007 ohms at In
In = 5A 0.100 0.007 ohms at 30In
8.3.2 Reference voltage
Vn = 110V 0.02VA @ 110V phase/neutral
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8.3.3 Auxiliary voltage

The burden on the auxiliary supply depends upon the number of output relays and
control inputs energised.
DC supply 2.5 – 6.0W at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized
4.0 – 8.0W at Vx max with 2 output relays & 2 logic inputs energized
5.5 – 12W at Vx max with all output relays & logic inputs energized
AC supply 6.0 – 12VA at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized
6.0 – 14VA at Vx max with 2 output relays & 2 logic inputs energized
13 – 23VA at Vx max with all output relays & logic inputs energized
8.3.4 Opto-isolated inputs
DC supply 0.25W per input (50V 10kΩ)
8.4 Control function setting ranges
Setting Symbols Setting range Step size
Regulated voltage Vs 90 – 139V 0.1V
Deadband dVs ±0.5 % to ±5 % of Vs 0.1%
Resistive line drop compensation Vr 0 – 50V 1.0V
Reactive line drop compensation Vxl 0 – 50V 1.0V
Circulating current compensation Vc 0 – 50V 1.0V
Reverse reactance control Internal reversal of
Vxl vector
Load shedding/boosting 0 – ±10 % of Vs 1%
Total taps available TapsAvail 1 – 40 1
Maximum tap position TP> 1 – 40 1
Minimum tap position TP< 1 – 40 1
Total number of tap changes TotalOps> 1 – 10000 1
Tap changer operations Ops/tP> 1 – 100 1
Time period tP 0 – 24 hrs 1 hr
Intertap delay tINTER 0 – 120 seconds 0.1 secs
Tap pulse duration tPULSE 0.5 – 5 seconds 0.5 secs
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8.5 Time delay setting ranges

8.5.1 Inverse time delay
The general expression for the inverse time curve:
t = k + [ ( initial time delay setting ) x ( 1/N ) ]
where k = 0.5 for initial time delay setting ≤20s
=0 for initial time delay setting >20s
N indicates % deviation from Vs in multiples of Vdb% and is calculated as:
Vreg – Vs
*100
N= Vs
dVs
where Vreg = Voltage to be regulated (90 to 139V in step 0.1V)
Vs = Voltage setting
dVs = Dead band ((0.5% to (5% of Vs in step 0.1%)
8.5.2 Definite time delay
Setting Symbols Setting range Step size
Initial time (definite) tINIT 0 – 20 secs 1 sec
20 – 120 secs 10 secs
8.6 Supervision function settings
Setting Symbols Setting range Step size
Undervoltage blocking V<< 60 – 130V 1.0V
Undervoltage detection V< 80 – 120V 1.0V
Overvoltage detection V> 110 – 160V 1.0V
Circulating current Ic 0.05 – 0.5A (In = 1A)
0.25 – 2.5A (In = 5A) 0.05A
Load current IL 0.50 – 2.0A (In = 1A)
2.50 – 10A (In = 5A) 0.05A
Excessive circulating
current time delay tIC 0 – 180 seconds 10 secs
Alarm initiation time delay tFAIL> 0 – 15 minutes 30 secs
Phase angle Angle 0 – 90 degrees 1 deg.
8.7 Transformer ratios
CT ratios 9999: 1 Default = 1: 1
VT ratios 9999: 1 Default = 1: 1
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8.8 Measurement (displayed)

System voltage (0 – 819) x VT ratio (low accuracy) volts phase/phase
(70 – 170) x VT ratio (high accuracy)
Tap position (0 – 819) x VT ratio volts phase/phase
Load current (0 – 16)In x CT ratio amps
Circulating current (0 – 0.64 )In x CT ratio amps
Power factor 0.00 – 1.00 (–1.00 for reverse current)
Frequency 45 – 65 (or 0 ) Hz
8.9 Accuracy
Reference conditions
Ambient temperature 20°C
Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz (whichever is set)
Auxiliary voltage 24V to 125V dc
48V to 250V dc
8.9.1 Current
Overcurrent Minimum operation ±5%
8.9.2 Time delays
Definite time ±0.5 % or 15 to 35ms
Inverse ±10 %
8.9.3 Directional
Operating boundary 0 – 180° accuracy ±3°
PU – DO differential less than 3° (typically <1°)
8.9.4 Measurements
Measured voltage ±2%Vn (typical)
Load current ±2%In (typical)
Circulating current ±5%In (typical)
Regulated voltage ±0.5 % (80 – 160V ac) typically ±0.3%
Power factor ±5%
Frequency
(45 – 65Hz) ±1% (typical)
8.10 Influencing quantities
8.10.1 Ambient temperature
Operative range –25 to +55°C
Current settings ±1%
Voltage settings ±0.03% per °C
Operation times ±1%
Angle measurement <2°
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8.10.2 Frequency
With frequency tracking
Operative range 46 to 65Hz
Current setting ±1%
Voltage settings ±1% (not regulated voltage)
Operating times ±1%
Angle measurement <1°
Without frequency tracking
Reference range 47Hz to 51Hz or 57Hz to 61Hz
Operating times ±2%
8.10.3 Angle measurement <2°
Auxiliary supply
Nominal Operative range
24/125V 19 to 150V dc
50 to 133V ac
48/250V 33 to 300V dc
87 to 265V ac
Current settings ±0.5%
Voltage settings ±0.5%
Operation times ±0.5%
Angle measurement ±0.5°
8.11 Opto-isolated inputs
Capture time 12.5 ±2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 ±2.1ms at 60Hz
Release time 12.5 ±2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 ±2.1ms at 60Hz
Minimum operating voltage >35V dc
Maximum operating voltage 50Vdc
Input resistance 10kΩ (add 12kΩ for every additional 50V in
excess of 50V)
Maximum series lead resistance 2kΩ for single input at 40V min.
1kΩ for 2 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
0.5kΩ for 4 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
Maximum ac induced loop voltage 50V rms (thermal limit)
Maximum capacitance coupled 250V rms via 0.1µF
ac voltage
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8.12 Output relays

Output relays 0 to 7
Type 1 make
Rating Make 30A and carry for 0.2s
Carry 5A continuous
Break DC – 50W resistive
25W inductive (L/R = 0.04s)
AC – 1250VA (maxima of 5A)
Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
Watchdog
Type 1 make + 1 break
Rating Make 10A and carry for 0.2s
Carry 5A continuous
Break DC – 30W resistive
DC – 15W inductive (L/R = 0.04s)
AC – 1250VA (maxima of 5A)
Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
Durability >10,000 operations
8.13 Operation indicator
3 Light Emitting Diodes - internally powered.
16 character by 2 line Liquid Crystal Display (with backlight).
8.14 Communication port
Language Courier
Transmission Synchronous – RS485 voltage levels
Format HDLC
Baud Rate 64k/bit per second
K-Bus Cable Screened twisted pair
Length 1000m
Bus Loading 32 units (mulitdrop system)
8.15 Current transformer requirements
Auxiliary powered relays

Relay Nominal Accuracy

and CT output Accuracy limit factor
secondary class (VA) class (x rated
rated current)
1/5A 2.5 5P 5
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8.16 High voltage withstand

8.16.1 Dielectric withstand IEC␣ 255-5:1977
2.0kV rms for 1 minute between all terminals connected together and case earth
except terminal 1.
2.0kV rms for 1 minute between terminals of independent circuits, including contact
circuits.
1.0kV rms for 1 minute across open contacts of the watchdog relay.
ANSI/IEEE, C37.90:1989 .
1.5kV rms for 1 minute across open contacts of output relays 0 to 7.
8.16.2 High voltage impulse IEC␣ 60255-5:1977
5kV peak, 1.2/50µs, 0.5J between all terminals and all terminals of the same circuit
(except output contacts).
5kV peak, 1.2/50µs, 0.5J between all independent circuits and all terminals
connected together (except terminal 1) and case earth.
5kV peak, 1.2/50µs, 0.5J across terminals of the same circuit except output contacts.
8.16.3 Insulation resistance IEC␣ 60255-5:1977
>100MΩ when measured at 500Vdc
8.17 Electrical environment
8.17.1 DC supply interruptions IEC␣ 60255-11:1979
The relay shall withstand a 10ms interrupt without de-energising.
8.17.2 AC ripple on dc supply IEC␣ 60255-11:1979
The relay shall withstand 12 % ac ripple.
8.17.3 High frequency disturbance IEC␣ 60255-22-1:1988
Class III –2.5kV peak between independent circuits and case.
–1.0kV peak across terminals of the same circuit.
8.17.4 Fast transient IEC␣ 60255-22-4:1992
Class IV –4kV, 2.5kHz applied to all inputs and outputs.
8.17.5 EMC compliance
89/336/EEC Compliance with the European Commission Directive on EMC
is claimed via the Technical Construction File route.
EN50081-2:1994 Generic Standards used to estsablish conformity.
EN50082-2:1995
8.17.6 Electrostatic discharge test IEC␣ 60255-22-2 :1996
Class 3 (8kV) – discharge in air with cover in place
Class 2 (4kV) – point contact discharge with cover removed (IEC␣ 60801-2)
8.17.7 Radiated immunity IEC␣ 60255-22-3:1989 and IEC␣ 60801-3:1984
Class III – field strength 10V/m and exteded frequency range 20MHz – 1000MHz.
8.17.8 Conducted immunity ENV50141:1993
Level 3 – 10V rms 0.15MHz - 80MHz.
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8.17.9 Radiated emissions EN55011:1991

Group 1 – class A limits (30MHz - 1000MHz).
8.17.10 Conducted emissions EN55011:1991
Group 1 – class A limits (0.15MHz - 30MHz).
8.18 ANSI/IEEE Specifications
8.18.1 Surge withstand capability
C37.90.1 – 1989
8.18.2 Radiated electromagnetic Interference
C37.90.2 – 1995
35V/m over the frequency range 25 to 1000MHz.
8.19 Environmental
8.19.1 Temperature IEC␣ 60255-6:1988
Storage and transit –25°C to +70°C
Operating –25°C to +55°C
8.19.2 Humidity IEC␣ 60068-2-3:1969
56 days at 93% relative humidity and 40°C
8.19.3 Enclosure protection IEC␣ 60529:1989
IP50 (Dust protected)
8.20 Mechanical environment
8.20.1 Vibration IEC␣ 60255-21-1:1988
Response Class 1, Endurance Class 1
8.20.2 Shock and bump IEC␣ 60255-21 2:1988
Shock response Class 1, Shock withstand Class 1 and Bump Class 1
8.20.3 Seismic IEC␣ 60255-21-3:1993
Class 1
8.20.4 Mechanical durability
10,000 operations minimum
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8.21 Model numbers

Relay type: K V G C 1 0 2 0 1 F 1 G

Configuration:
Standard 0 1

Case size:
Size 6 MIDOS Flush Mounting F

Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V 2
48/250V 5

Operating voltage
110V ac/50 – 60Hz 1

C.T. Rating:
5/1A (User selectable) G

Language:
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S

8.22 Frequency response

The operating criteria for each element have been chosen to suit the applications for
which it is most likely to be used. Knowing how these elements respond under
operating conditions will help to apply them effectively.

1 = Fn when non-frequency tracking

= 45 <F< 65Hz when frequency tracking

1 Fourier filter response

Anti-aliasing filter response

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Harmonic

Figure 1: Response of Fourier filtering

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Measurement is based on the Fourier derived value of the fundamental component of

line (IL), circulating current (Ic), Tap position indication voltage (VTPI) and low
accuracy system voltage input (Vbc). The diagram above shows the frequency
response that results from this filtering. The “1” on the horizontal scale relates to the
selected rated frequency of the relay and the figures “2”, “3”, “4” etc. are the
second, third and fourth harmonic frequencies respectively. It can be seen that
harmonics up to and including the 6th are suppressed, giving no output. The 7th is
the first predominant harmonic and this is attenuated to approximately 30% by the
anti-aliasing filter. For power frequencies that are not equal to the selected rated
frequency. ie. the frequency does not coincide with “1” on the horizontal scale, the
harmonics will not be of zero amplitude. For small frequency deviations of ±1Hz, this
is not a problem but to allow for larger deviations, an improvement is obtained by
the addition of frequency tracking.
With frequency tracking the sampling rate of the analogue/digital conversion is
automatically adjusted to match the applied signal. In the absence of a signal of
suitable amplitude to track, the sample rate defaults to that to suit the selected rated
frequency (Fn) for the relay. In presence of a signal within the tracking range (45 to
65Hz), the relay will lock on to the signal and the “1” on the horizontal axis in
diagram above will coincide with the measured frequency of the measured signal.
The resulting output for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th harmonics will be zero. Thus this
diagram applies when the relay is not frequency tracking the signal and also if it is
tracking a frequency within the range 45 to 65Hz.
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Chapter 9
Commissioning, Problem Solving and Maintenance
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 9
Contents
Page 1 of 2

9. COMMISSIONING, PROBLEM SOLVING and MAINTENANCE 1

9.1 Commissioning preliminaries 1
9.1.1 Quick guide to local menu control 1
9.1.2 Terminal allocation 1
9.1.3 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 1
9.1.4 Inspection 1
9.1.5 Earthing 1
9.1.7 Test block 2
9.1.8 Insulation 2
9.2 Commissioning test notes 2
9.3 Auxiliary supply tests 3
9.3.1 Auxiliary supply 3
[Link] Energisation from auxiliary voltage supply 3
[Link] Field voltage 3
9.4 Settings 4
9.4.1 Selective logic functions to be tested. 4
9.5 Measurement checks 5
9.5.1 Current measurement 5
9.6 Control functions 5
9.6.1 Regulated Voltage setting VS and Dead Band dVS 5
9.6.3 Integrated timer 7
9.6.5 Negative reactance control
(alternative method to circulating current compensation) 11
9.7 Supervision and monitoring 12
9.7.1 Under Voltage Detector (V<) 12
9.7.2 Over voltage detector (V>) 13
9.7.3 Over Current Detector (IL) 13
9.7.4 Under voltage blocking (V<<) 14
9.7.5 Circulating Current Detector (IC) 15
9.7.6 RunAway Protection 16
9.7.7 Load Check 17
9.8 Problem solving 18
9.8.1 Password lost or not accepted 18
9.8.2 Software link settings 18
[Link] System links 18
[Link] Control links 19
[Link] Logic links 19
[Link] Second setting group not displayed or working 19
[Link] Software links cannot be changed 19
9.8.3 Alarms 19
[Link] Watchdog alarm 20
[Link] Unconfigured or uncalibrated alarm 20
[Link] Setting error alarm 20
[Link] “No service” alarm 20
[Link] “No samples” alarm 20
[Link] “No Fourier” alarm 20
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9.8.4 Records 21
[Link] Problems with event records 21
9.8.5 Communications 21
[Link] Measured values do not change 21
[Link] Relay no longer responding 21
[Link] No response to remote control commands 22
9.8.6 Output relays remain picked-up 22
9.8.7 Measurement accuracy 22
9.9 Maintenance 22
9.9.1 Preliminary checks 22
9.91.1 Earthing 23
[Link] Main current transformers 23
9.9.2 Remote testing 23
[Link] Alarms 23
[Link] Measurement accuracy 23
9.9.3 Local testing 23
[Link] Alarms 23
[Link] Measurement accuracy 23
9.9.4 Method of repair 24
[Link] Replacing a pcb 24
[Link] Replacing output relays and opto-isolators 24
[Link] Replacing the power supply board 25
[Link] Replacing the back plane 25
9.9.5 Recalibration 26
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Chapter 9. COMMISSIONING, PROBLEM SOLVING and

MAINTENANCE

9.1 Commissioning preliminaries

The safety section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment.
When commissioning a KVGC relay for the first time, the engineers should allow an
hour to get familiar with the menu. Please read Chapter 3 Section 3.3 which
provides simple instructions for negotiating the relay menu using the push buttons [F]
[+] [–] and [0] on the front of the relay. Individual cells can be viewed and the
settable values can be changed by this method.
If a portable PC is available together with a K-Bus interface unit and the Courier
Access software, then the menu can be viewed a page at a time to display a full
column of data and text. Settings are also more easily entered and the final settings
can be saved to a file on a disk for future reference or printing a permanent record.
The instructions are provided with the Courier Access software.
9.1.1 Quick guide to local menu control
With the cover in place only the [F] and [0] push buttons are accessible, so data can
only be read or flag and counter functions reset. No control or configuration settings
can be changed. Refer to Chapter 3 Section 3.4.1 for a quick guide to the menu
controls.
9.1.2 Terminal allocation
Reference should be made to the appropriate connection diagram shown elsewhere
in this manual. Chapter 3 Section 3.5 give further information on the external
connections to the relay. Reference should also be made to the relay masks to identify
which functions are allocated to which outputs.
9.1.3 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
See recommendations in Chapter 2 of this user manual before handling module
outside its case.
9.1.4 Inspection
Loosen the four cover screws and remove the cover, the relay can now be withdrawn
from its case. Carefully examine the module and case to see that no damage has
occurred since installation and visually check the current transformer shorting
switches in the case are wired into the correct circuit and are closed when the
module is withdrawn. Check that the serial number on the module, case and front
plate are identical and that the model number and rating information are correct.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme
diagram. The relay diagram number appears inside the case on a label at the left
hand side. The serial number of the relay also appears on this label, and on the front
plate of the relay module. The serial numbers marked on these two items should
match; the only time that they may not match is when a failed relay module has been
replaced for continuity of protection.
With the relay removed from its case, ensure that the shorting switches between
terminals listed below are closed by checking with a continuity tester.
Terminals: 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28.
9.1.5 Earthing
Ensure that the case earthing connection, above the rear terminal block, is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar and where there is more than one relay the
copper earth bar is in place connecting the earth terminals of each case in the same
tier together.
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9.1.6 Main current transformers

DO NOT OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A LIVE CT SINCE THE
HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL TO PERSONNEL AND COULD
DAMAGE INSULATION.
9.1.7 Test block
If the MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked to the scheme
diagram, particularly that the supply connections are to the live side of the test block
(coloured orange) and with the terminals allocated odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7 etc.). The
auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13 (+) and 15 (–), but check against
the schematic diagram for the installation.
9.1.8 Insulation
Insulation tests only need to be done when required.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or brushless
insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 1000V. Terminals of the same circuits
should be temporarily strapped together.
The main groups on the relays are given below but they may be modified by external
connection as can be determined from the scheme diagram.
a) Current transformer circuits.
b) Voltage transformer circuits.
c) Auxiliary voltage supply.
d) Field voltage output and opto-isolated control inputs.
e) Relay contacts.
f) Communication port.
g) Case earth.
Note: Do not apply an insulation test between the auxiliary supply and the
capacitor discharge terminals because they are part of the same circuit and
internally connected.
9.2 Commissioning test notes
9.2.1 Equipment required
For KVGC relays the following equipment is required:
AC auxiliary supply suitable to supply a 30VA load. Frequency of 50/60Hz.
Multi-finger test plug type MMLB01 for use with test block type MMLG.
Continuity tester.
Three phase voltage supply 440V.
440/110V star/star phase shifting transformer AC voltmeter 0 – 440V
DC voltmeter 0 – 250V
AC Voltmeter 0 to 440V range
AC multi-range ammeter
Suitable non-inductive potentiometer to adjust polarising voltage level.
Interval timer
Phase angle meter or transducer. If necessary suitable current shunt(s) for use with the
phase angle meter.
A portable PC, with suitable software and a KITZ101 K-Bus/IEC 60870-5 interface
unit will be useful but in no way essential to commissioning.
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9.3 Auxiliary supply tests

9.3.1 Auxiliary supply
The relay can be operated from either an ac or a dc auxiliary supply but the
incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Table 1.

Relay rating (V) DC operating AC operating Maximum crest

range (V) range (VAC) voltage (V)
24/125 19 – 150 50 – 133 190
48/250 33 – 300 87 – 265 380

Table 1

CAUTION: The relay can withstand some ac ripple on a dc auxiliary supply.

However, in all cases the peak value of the auxiliary supply must not
exceed the maximum crest voltage. Do not energise the relay using the
battery charger with the battery disconnected.
[Link] Energisation from auxiliary voltage supply
For secondary injection testing using the test block type MMLG, insert test plug type
MMLB01 with CT shorting links fitted. It may be necessary to link across the front of
the test plug to restore the auxiliary supply to the relay.
Isolate the relay contacts and insert the module. With the auxiliary supply
disconnected from the relay use a continuity tester to monitor the state of the
watchdog contacts as listed in Table 2.
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay. The relay should power up with the lcd
showing the default display and the centre green led being illuminated; this indicates
the relay is healthy. The relay has a non-volatile memory which remembers the state
(ON or OFF) of the led control indicator when the relay was last powered, and
therefore the indicator may be illuminated. With a continuity checker, monitor the
state of watchdog contacts as listed in Table 2.

Terminals With relay de-energised With relay energised

3 and 5 contact closed contact open
4 and 6 contact open contact closed

Table 2

[Link] Field voltage

The relay generates a field voltage that should be used to energise the opto-isolated
inputs. With the relay energised, measure the field voltage across terminals 7 and 8.
Terminal 7 should be positive with respect to terminal 8 and should be within the
range specified in Table 3 when no load is connected.

Nominal dc rating (V) Range (V)

48 45 – 60

Table 3
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9.4 Settings
All relays will leave the factory with the recommended settings for the KVGC relay
under normal operating conditions, set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz
(refer to Chapter 5 Section 5.3). If operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set
as follows:
From ‘SYSTEMS DATA’ menu, press the ‘F’ key until ‘0009 Freq 50Hz’ appears on
the lcd. Press the ‘+’ key until the display shows ‘0009 Freq 60Hz’. Then press the ‘F’
key once more followed by the ‘+’ key to confirm the change.
There are two setting groups available, this allows the user to set Group 1 to normal
operating conditions while Group 2 can be set to cover abnormal operating
conditions.
The factory settings can be changed to the customer settings by referring to the
instructions detailed in Chapter 3 Section 3.4.
The commissioning engineer should be supplied with all the required settings for the
relay. The settings should be entered into the relay via the front keypad or using a
portable PC with a K-Bus connection. Some settings are password protected, in these
cases the password will also be required.
9.4.1 Selective logic functions to be tested.
For the selective logic checks only the features that are to be used in the application
should be tested. Relay settings must not be changed to enable other logic functions
that are not being used to be tested. However to conduct some tests some of the
settings may require adjustments. The commissioning engineer should ensure that
after completing all tests that all required settings are set for the relay.
If an output relay is found to have failed, an alternative relay can be reallocated until
such time as a replacement can be fitted. Refer to Chapter 3 Sections 3.4.13 &
3.4.14 for how to set logic and relay masks.

Selective logic functions Test

Regulated Voltage setting VS and Dead Band Setting dVS 6.1
Load Shedding/Boosting 6.2
Integrated timer 6.3
Line drop compensation 6.4
Under Voltage Detector (V<) 7.1
Over Voltage Detector (V>) 7.2
Load Current Detector (IL) 7.3
Under Voltage Blocking (V<<) 7.4
Circulating Current Detector (IC) 7.5
RunAway Protection 7.6

Table 4
Selective logic features listed below require K-Bus remote commands and are not
covered by the commissioning instructions:
Remote setting change
Remote group change
Remote load shedding/Boosting control.
Note: The above accuracy limits make no allowance for instrument errors and
possible poor waveform which may be experienced during commissioning.
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9.5 Measurement checks

All measurements can be viewed from the [0200 MEASURE] menu heading on the
LCD.
9.5.1 Current measurement
To test the relay current measurement functions inject a known level of current into
each current input in turn and monitor the values in the [0200 MEASURE] menu.
9.5.2 Voltage measurement
To test the relay voltage measurement functions apply a known level of voltage across
the system voltage input and monitor the values in the [0200 MEASURE] menu.
9.6 Control functions
Reference should be made to Appendix 3 for the application diagram used for the
following tests. The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the
application.
9.6.1 Regulated Voltage setting VS and Dead Band dVS
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
This test checks the function of the transformer tap change control. The relay
continuously monitors the system voltage and compares it with the reference voltage
Vs. If the regulated voltage moves outside the deadband limits the relay actuates the
tap changer mechanism to ‘Raise’ or ‘Lower’ the voltage to bring it back within the
set deadband limits after the initial set time has elapsed.
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: Initial time delay (tINIT),
inter-tap delay (tINTER) setting, and Initial time characteristic.
Set the initial time delay (tINIT) and the inter-tap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds for
continuous tap change.
Set the definite/inverse time characteristic to ‘definite time’].
Monitor ‘Raise volts’, ‘Lower volts’ and ‘Blocked’ relay contacts.
Energise the auxiliary voltage supply and check that ‘Blocked’ is displayed on the
LCD and ‘Blocked’ relay contact is closed.
Apply the system voltage and adjust the voltage equivalent to the system voltage
setting (Vs) to (terminals 17 and 18). The ‘CONTROL’ LED should extinguish, and the
raise/lower volts relay contacts should become open.
Slowly increase the supply voltage and record the voltage (VHIGH) at which the
‘Lower volts’ contacts closes. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should illuminate. Reduce the
supply voltage until ‘CONTROL’ LED extinguishes again.
Slowly reduce the voltage further and record the voltage (VLOW) at which the raise
volts contacts ‘Raise volts’ closes. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should illuminate.
Using the values recorded for VHIGH and VLOW, calculate the regulated value Vreg
and the actual deadband as follows:
Vreg = (VHIGH + VLOW)/2dVsactual = (VHIGH – VLOW)
The value of Vreg should be (Vs ±0.5%) and the deadband should (dVs ±0.5% of
Vs).
[Restore all settings changed ie. the initial time delay, the inter-tap delay, and the
initial time characteristic.]
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9.6.2 Load shedding/boosting

The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application
only check for the settings levels used for this application.
The purpose of this test is to ensure that the level of load shedding function is
working. The system voltage setting (Vs) can be raised or lowered by means of load
shedding option.
[Before making the following changes note the setting for: input masks, inter-tap
delay (tINTER) setting.
Set the inter-tap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds
For this test ensure that the input masks are set to operate the following opto inputs
[0707, 0708, 0709 INPUT MASKS]:
For test 1 and 4 connect L0 OPTO (terminal 46) to switch S1.
For test 2 and 5 connect L1 OPTO (terminal 48) to switch S1.
For test 3 and 6 connect L2 OPTO (terminal 50) to switch S1.
Set the load shedding/boosting setting level 1 to –3%, level 2 to –6% level 3 to –9%
[030E, 030F, 0310 CONTROL].
Apply voltage equivalent to the system voltage input setting value Vs to (terminals 17
and 18).
Close switch S1. The ‘Lower volts’ relay output contact should close.
Slowly reduce the system voltage and check the voltage at which the ‘Lower volts’
relay output contacts re-opens. The contacts should re-open at a voltage shown in
Table 5 for test 1. Increase the system voltage to Vs the ‘Lower volts’ contacts should
be closed. Open switch S1. Repeat this for test 2 and 3 (ie. other load shedding
levels if set).
Set the load shedding/boosting setting level 1 to +3%, level 2 to +6% level 3 to +9%
[Cell Ref. 030E, 030F, 0310 CONTROL].
Close switch S1. The ‘Lower volts’ relay output contact should close.
Slowly increase the system voltage and check the voltage at which the ‘Raise volts’
relay output contacts re-opens. The contacts should re-open at a voltage shown in
Table 5 for test 4. Decrease the system voltage to Vs the ‘Raise volts’ contacts should
be closed. Open switch S1. Repeat this for test 5 and 6 (ie. other load shedding
levels if set).
[Restore all settings changed ie. input masks, and inter-tap delay (tINTER) setting.]

Load Shedding Setting Measured Vs

TEST L0 L1 L2
1 –3% 0 0 97% of Vs
2 0 –6% 0 94% of Vs
3 0 0 –9% 91% of Vs
4 + 3% 0 0 103% of Vs
5 0 +6% 0 106% of Vs
6 0 0 + 9% 109% of Vs

Table 5
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9.6.3 Integrated timer

[Link] Initial time delay
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
[Link] Definite time delay
The time delay to the first tap change initiation (initial delay) commences when the
voltage goes outside the deadband. When the voltage is within the deadband the
timer will reset at the same rate as it operates. To test the initial delay timer it is
necessary to reset the timer. This is accomplished by swinging the voltage through the
deadband from the side opposite to that which it will go to when timing is initiated.
Check that the initial time delay characteristic is set to ‘Definite’ [0301 CONTROL].
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: initial time delay (tINIT),
inter tap delay (tINTER).
Set the initial time delay (tINIT) to 30 seconds,
the inter tap time delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds.]
Set the timer to start from closing of switch S2 and stop on closing of the lower volts
contact ‘Lower volts’.
Close switch S2, adjust the applied voltage to 110% of Vs.
Open switch S2 and reduce the voltage to 90% of Vs using a decade resistance box
and reset the timer. Close switch S2 and measure the initial time delay. The ‘Lower
volts’ relay output contacts should close after the initial time has elapsed.
Measured time should lie between 29.85s and 30.15s (ie. tINIT ±0.5%) or 15ms to
35ms whichever is greater.
[Restore the following settings: initial time delay (tINIT), inter tap delay (tINTER)].
[Link] Inverse time delay
The time delay to the first tap change initiation (initial delay) commences when the
voltage goes outside the deadband. When the voltage is within the deadband the
timer will reset at the same rate it operates. To test the initial delay timer it is
necessary to reset the timer. This is accomplished by swinging the voltage through the
deadband from the side opposite to that which it will go to when timing is initiated.
For this test the initial time delay is dependant on several factors; how far away the
voltage deviates beyond the dead band edges, dead band setting and initial time
delay setting.
The general expression for inverse time curve:
t = k + [(initial time delay setting) x (1/N)]
where k = 0.5 for initial time delay setting ≤20s
= 0 for initial time delay setting >20s
N indicates % deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs% and is calculated as:
Vbc – Vs
N= *100
Vs
dVs%

where Vbc = Voltage to be regulated

Vs = Voltage setting
dVs = Dead band
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Calculate the value of N When Vbc = 105%Vs

Calculate the expected time t When k = 0
Check that the initial time delay characteristic is set to ‘Inverse’ [0301 CONTROL].
[Before making the following changes note the settings: dVs, and initial time delay
(tINIT)
Set dVs to 1%, and the initial time delay (tINIT) to 30 seconds.
Therefore N = 5 and t = 6 seconds]
Set the timer to start from closing of switch S2 and stop on closing of the lower volts
contact ‘Lower volts’.
Close switch S2, adjust the applied voltage to 105% of Vs.
The system voltage (Vs). Reset the timer.
Open switch S2 and adjust the voltage to 100% of Vs using a decade resistance box
and reset the timer. Close switch S2 and measure the initial time delay. The ‘Lower
volts’ relay output contacts should close after the initial time has elapsed.
Measured time should lie between 5.4s and 6.6s (ie. tINIT ±10%).
[Restore the following settings: dVs, and initial time delay (tINIT).]
[Link] Inter-tap delay
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
If the voltage is not back within the deadband limits after the first tap change, then
additional tap changes will be initiated until the voltage level lies within the
deadband limits.
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: intertap delay (tINTER),
and deadband setting (dVs).
Set the intertap delay (tINTER) to 5 seconds and deadband setting (dVs) to 1%.]
Connect the timer to start from opening of the ‘Lower volts’ contact and stop on the
closing of the ‘Lower volts’ contact.
Apply 105% of Vs to the system voltage input (terminals 17 & 18).
Close switch S2 and wait for relay to give a tap change signal. Whilst a tap change
pulse is being given ie. ‘CONTROL’ LED on the front of the relay is illuminated, reset
the timer.
The timer will measure the inter tap time which runs from the instant the ‘CONTROL’
LED extinguishes to the instant the ‘CONTROL’ LED illuminates again.
Check that the measured inter-tap time is within 4.975 seconds to 5.025 seconds
(ie. tINTER ±0.5%).
Set the inter-tap setting to 0 seconds. Check the output is continuous, the ‘CONTROL’
LED should be continuously illuminated.
[Restore the following settings: intertap delay (tINTER), and deadband setting (dVs)].
9.6.4 Line drop compensation
[Link] Resistive load current compensation (Vr)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
Check the relay mode setting [0102 STATUS].
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: intertap delay (tINTER),
system voltage (Vs), circulating compensation voltage (Vc), resistive line drop
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compensation setting (Vr), reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx), load current
setting (IL)].
Set the:
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
system voltage (Vs) setting to 100V,
circulating compensation voltage (Vc) setting to 0V,
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr) to required setting (or 10V),
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx) to 0V,
load current setting (IL) to 1In],
Apply a current of 1 x In to the load current inputs (terminals 27 & 28). Apply the
system voltage and adjust the phase angle until the current leads the voltage by 90
degrees.
A tap change should be initiated (ie. Raise or Lower volts). Alter the system voltage
(Vbc) until the relay stops tapping (ie. both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open).
Determine the regulated system voltage Vreg read [0202 MEASURE]. Check the
value of Vr recorded as:
Vr = Vreg – Vs ±0.5V or ±5% whichever is higher.
Remove the load current from the relay.
If Vreg is lower than Vs it is almost certain that there is an unintentional polarity
reversal somewhere in the test circuit.
[Restore the following settings:
intertap delay (tINTER) ,
system voltage input setting (Vs),
circulating compensation voltage setting(Vc),
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr),
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx),
load current setting (IL)].
[Link] Reactive load current compensation (Vx)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
Check the relay mode setting [0102 STATUS].
[Before making the following changes note the settings and system data links for:
intertap delay (tINTER), system voltage (Vs), circulating compensation voltage (Vc),
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr), reactive line drop compensation setting
(Vx), load current setting (IL)].
Set the:
system voltage (Vs) setting to 100V,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc) to 0V,
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr) to 0V,
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx) to required setting (or 20V),
load current setting (IL) to 1In].
The reactive load drop compensation may be used to compensate for voltage drop
due to reactive elements in the power line in the same way as the resistive load drop
compensation. In addition, by setting the compensation to reverse compensation can
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be achieved for circulating currents as circulating currents have a high reactive

content.
Apply a current of 1xIn to the load current inputs, (terminals 27 and 28). Adjust the
phase shifter to give 0 degree phase angle between the applied voltage and load
current (voltage is in anti-phase with current).
A tap change should be initiated (ie. Raise or Lower volts) and the ‘CONTROL LED’
should be illuminated. Alter the system voltage (Vbc) until the relay stop tapping (ie.
both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open). Determine the regulated system voltage
Vreg [0202 MEASURE]. Check the value recorded is:
Vx = √{Vreg2 – Vs2} ± 0.5V or ±5% whichever is greater.
Remove the load current from the relay.
[Restore the following settings and system data links:
intertap delay (tINTER),
system voltage input setting (Vs),
circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc),
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr),
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx),
load current setting (IL)].
[Link] Circulating current compensation (Vc)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
The circulating current compensation is used when two or more transformers are
paralleled. The circuits monitor the amount of current circulating between the
transformers and applies a compensation voltage to cause the transformers to tap up
or down as required to ensure the transformers are not more than 1 tap apart.
For the 1A rated relay.
Check the relay current rating is set to 1A [0304 CONTROL].
For the 5A rated relay.
Check the relay current rating is set to 5A [0304 CONTROL].
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: intertap delay (tINTER),
system voltage (Vs), circulating compensation voltage (Vc), resistive line drop
compensation setting (Vr), reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx), load current
setting (IL)].
Set the:
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
system voltage input setting (Vs) to 100V,
circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc) to 10V,
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr) to 0V,
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx) to 0V,
circulating current setting (Ic) to In].
[Link] Negative compensation
Apply 0.2In to the circulating current (Ic) inputs (terminals 23 & 24) (For the 5A
rated relay use terminals 25 & 26). Adjust the phase shifter to give a 180 degree
phase angle (negative Ic compensation) between the system voltage input and
circulating current.
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A tap change should be initiated (ie. Raise or Lower volts) and the ‘CONTROL LED’
should be illuminated. Alter the system voltage (Vbc) until the relay stops tapping
(ie. both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open). Determine the regulated system
voltage Vreg [0202 MEASURE]. Check the value recorded is: Vs +2V ±5%.
Remove the load current from the relay.
[Link] Positive compensation
Apply 0.2In to the circulating current (Ic) inputs (terminals 23 & 24) (For the 5A
rated relay use terminals 25 & 26). Adjust the phase shifter to give a 0 degree phase
angle (positive Ic compensation) between the system voltage input and circulating
current.
A tap change should be initiated (ie. Raise or Lower volts) and the ‘CONTROL LED’
should be illuminated. Alter the system voltage (Vbc) until the relay stops tapping (ie.
both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open). Determine the regulated system voltage
Vreg [0202 MEASURE]. Check the value recorded is: Vs –2V ±5%.
Remove the load current from the relay.
[Restore the following settings and system data links:
intertap delay (tINTER),
system voltage input setting (Vs),
circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc),
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr),
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx),
load current setting (Ic)].
9.6.5 Negative reactance control (alternative method to circulating current compensation)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
Reverse reactance control is an alternative method to circulating current
compensation
This test verifies the operation (ie. reversal of Vx vector) when used with line drop
compensation. It also checks the operation of the load angle compensation on the VR
vector by determining regulation with various load angle settings (ANGLE).
[Before making the following changes note the settings and system data links for:
SD1 link to 0, dead band setting dVs, intertap delay (tINTER), system voltage input
setting (Vs), circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc), resistive line drop
compensation setting (Vr), reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx), load current
setting (IL)].
Set the:
SD1 link to 0,
dead band setting dVs to 1%
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
system voltage input setting (Vs) to 100V
circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc) to 0V,
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr) to 10V,
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx) to 10V,
load angle (ANGLE) of 40 degrees
load current setting (IL) to 1In].
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Apply 1A load current to terminals 27 & 28.

Apply 103.28V, adjust the phase angle until the current leads by 40 degrees.
Check the relay regulates within this applied voltage ±1%. Check that the TAP is
initiated outside the regulated voltage by increasing the input voltage and by
monitoring the ‘CONTROL’ LED. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should illuminate for a period
set by tPULSE when input voltage is increased to outside the regulated voltage.
[Restore the following settings and system data links:
SD1 link to 0,
dead band setting dVs,
intertap delay (tINTER),
system voltage input setting (Vs),
circulating compensation voltage setting (Vc),
resistive line drop compensation setting (Vr),
reactive line drop compensation setting (Vx),
load angle (ANGLE),
load current setting (IL)].
9.7 Supervision and monitoring
9.7.1 Undervoltage detector (V<)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
The undervoltage detector blocks ‘Lower’ operations to prevent lower voltage on
busbars local to the transformer.
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: initial time delay setting
(tINIT), intertap delay (tINTER), undervoltage setting (V<).
Set the:
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 2 seconds,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
undervoltage setting (V<) to 80V to 120V].
Set the relay output mask to operate undervoltage detector ‘V<‘, these contacts
should be open. ‘Raise volts’ contacts should also be open.
Apply 95% of the system voltage setting to input (terminals 17 & 18). After the initial
time delay, the ‘CONTROL’ LED should illuminate, the ‘Raise volts’ contacts should
close, and the ‘Lower volts’ contacts should open.
Slowly reduce the applied voltage and measure the voltage at which the
undervoltage relay contact ‘V<‘ closes.
Check the measured voltage is within (V<) –2% of setting.
Check the ‘Lower volts’ contacts remain open and ‘Raise volts’ contacts remain
closed.
Increase the applied voltage above Vs setting and ensure ‘Lower volts’ contact closes
and ‘Raise volts’ contact opens.
[Restore the following settings:
initial time delay setting (tINIT),
intertap delay (tINTER),
undervoltage setting (V<)].
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9.7.2 Overvoltage detector (V>)

The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
Operation of the overvoltage detector will block ‘Raise’ operations, to prevent
excessive voltage on busbars local to the transformer.
Before making the following changes note the settings for: initial time delay setting
(tINIT), intertap delay (tINTER), Overervoltage setting (V>).
Set the:
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 2 seconds,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
overvoltage setting (V>) to 110V to 160V].
Set the relay output mask to operate over voltage detector ‘V>’ contacts. The contacts
should be open.
Apply 105% of the system voltage settings to input (terminals 17 &18). After the
initial time delay the, ‘CONTROL’ LED should illuminate. The ‘Lower volts’ contacts
should close and the ‘Raise volts’ should open.
Slowly increase the applied voltage and measure the voltage at which the over
voltage contact ‘V>’ closes.
Check the measured voltage is within (V>) +2% of setting.
Check the ‘Raise volts’ contacts remained open and the ‘Lower volts’ contacts
remained closed
[Restore the following settings:
initial time delay setting (tINIT),
intertap delay (tINTER),
undervoltage setting (V>)].
9.7.3 Overcurrent Detector (IL)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
This test will check if both the ‘Raise’ and ‘Lower’ operations of the relay are blocked
by the operation of the internal relay when the load current IL exceeds the threshold
setting if logic link LOG3 is set to ‘1’.
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: logic link LOG3, initial
time delay setting (tINIT), intertrip delay (tINTER), load current (IL)].
Set the:
logic link LOG3 to ‘0’,
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 0 seconds,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
load current (IL) to 0.5In].
Set the relay mask to operate ‘IL>’ and ‘Blocked’ relay output contacts. Both contacts
should be open.
Connect a current source to load current input (terminals 27 & 28).
Apply voltage equivalent to the system voltage setting (Vs) to system voltage input
terminals 17 & 18.
Slowly increase the load current from zero and measure the current at which the ‘IL>’
relay contact closes. The text on the LCD display should indicate excessive load
current detected.
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Check the measured current is in the range 0.475In to 0.525In (ie. (IL)±5%). Reduce
the load current to zero.
Set logic link LOG3 to ‘1’, to prevent tap change operation.
Slowly increase the load current from zero until the ‘IL>’ contact closes.
The ‘CONTROL’ LED should now be lit permanently . The ‘Blocked’ relay contact
should be closed and both ‘Raise volts’ and ‘Lower volts’ contacts should be open to
indicate tap change.
Reduce the load current below the threshold setting, the ‘IL>’ and ‘Blocked’ relay
contacts should open and the text ‘IL>’ on the LCD should clear. The ‘CONTROL’ LED
should be extinguished.
[Restore the following settings:
logic link LOG3,
initial time delay setting (tINIT),
intertap delay (tINTER),
load current (IL)].
9.7.4 Undervoltage blocking (V<<)
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
When the system voltage input falls below set value, the undervoltage blocking
detector operates and instantaneously resets the initial time delay thus inhibiting the
relay outputs to ‘Raise’ or ‘Lower’ tap change operations.
Before making the following changes note the settings for: initial time delay setting
(tINIT), intertap delay (tINTER), undervoltage blocking setting (V<<).
Set the:
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 10 seconds,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 5 seconds,
undervoltage blocking setting (V<<) 60V to 130V].
Set the relay output masks to operate undervoltage blocking contacts ‘V<<‘ and
undervoltage detector contacts ‘V<‘. Both contacts should be open.
Monitor ‘Raise volts’ should be open.
Apply 115% of system voltage to input (terminals 17 & 18).
The ‘CONTROL’ LED should illuminate and the ‘Raise volts’ relay contacts should
close for a period of tPULSE. The undervoltage detector contacts ‘V<‘ should be
closed.
Slowly reduce the input voltage until the ‘V<<‘ contacts closes simultaneously with the
opening of the ‘Raise volts’ contacts. ‘V<blk’ should be displayed on the LCD.
Check the voltage at which the tap change is cancelled is in the range. (V<<) –5% of
setting. Both ‘Raise volts’ and ‘Lower volts’ relay contacts should be open. The
‘CONTROL LED’ should be permanently lit and the ‘Blocked’ relay contacts should be
closed.
[Restore the following settings:
initial time delay setting (tINIT),
intertap delay (tINTER),
undervoltage blocking setting (V<<)].
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9.7.5 Circulating Current Detector (IC)

The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
This test will check if both the ‘Raise’ and ‘Lower’ operations of the relay are
internally blocked when the circulating current exceeds the set value if logic link
LOG2 is set to ‘1’. This also causes an alarm output either instantaneously or with a
definite time delay.
Set the relay mask to operate ‘Ic>’ and ‘Blocked’ relay output contacts. Both relay
contacts should be open.
Before making the following changes note the settings for: logic link LOG2, initial
time delay setting (tINIT), intertap relay (tINTER), circulating current setting (Ic),
Excessive circulating current time delay (tIc).
Set the:
logic link LOG2 to ‘0’,
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 0 seconds,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 0 seconds,
circulating current setting (Ic) 0.05In to 0.5In,
the excessive circulating current time delay (tIC) to 0 seconds].
For the 1A rated relay.
Check the relay current rating is set to 1A [0304 CONTROL].
Connect a current source to the (1A) circulating current terminals 23 & 24 with
terminals 25 & 26 open.
For the 5A rated relay.
Check the relay current rating is set to 5A [0304 CONTROL].
Connect a current source to the (5A) circulating current terminals 25 & 26 with
terminals 23 & 24 open.
Set the relay mask to operate ‘Ic>’ and ‘Blocked’ relay output contacts. Both relay
contacts should be open.
Slowly increase the circulating current from zero and measure the current at which
the ‘Ic>’ relay contact closes. The text on the LCD display should indicate excessive
circulating current detected.
Check the measured current is in the range Ic ±5%. Reduce the circulating current
below the threshold setting and the ‘Ic>’ alarm should clear automatically along with
the ‘Ic>’ text on the LCD.
Set the timer to start from application of circulating current and stop on closing of
‘Ic>’ relay contacts.
Set the excessive circulating current time delay setting (tIC) to 10 seconds. Set the
circulating current (Ic) setting to 0.5In.
Apply 105% of Ic to terminals 23 & 24 (terminals 25 & 26 for the 5A relay) and
measure the time. It should be 10 seconds ±5%. The ‘Ic>’ relay contact should be
closed.
Reduce the circulating current to zero.
Set the logic link LOG2 to ‘1’, the alarm condition will now also cause the blocking
of the tap control operation.
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Slowly increase the circulating current from zero and measure the current at which
the ‘Ic>’ relay contact closes. The text on the LCD display should indicate excessive
circulating current detected.
The ‘Ic>’ and ‘Blocked’ relay contacts should be closed. Both ‘Raise volts’ and ‘Lower
volts’ contacts should be open.
Remove the current flowing into the circulating current detector.
[Restore the following settings:
logic link LOG2,
initial time delay setting (tINIT),
intertap delay (tINTER),
circulating current setting (Ic),
the excessive circulating current time delay (tIC)].
9.7.6 RunAway protection
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
This test checks the runaway protection feature which monitors the tap position to
check if the tap changer operates in a direction which causes the voltage to move
further away from the desired voltage (Vs) OR tap changer operates while the
voltage is within the deadband (ie. no tapping). Further tap changes are inhibited
blocking tap change operation if LOG7 is set to ‘1’ and initiate an alarm if runaway
relay mask is set.
Check that the logic link LOG7 is set to ‘1’ [ 0401 LOGIC].
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: initial time delay setting
(tINIT), intertap delay (tINTER), the maximum tap position (TP>), minimum tap position
(TP<)].
Set the:
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 10 seconds,
intertap delay (tINTER) to 5 seconds,
the maximum tap position (TP>) to 40,
minimum tap position (TP<) to 1].
Set the relay mask to operate ‘RunAway’ relay output contact. One of the default
relay mask settings can be changed for ‘RunAway’.
Connect a 100V ac source to tap position indication inputs (terminals 19 & 20).
Apply the system voltage setting value to the input (terminals 17 & 18).
Monitor ‘Raise volts’, ‘Lower volts’, ‘RunAway’ and ‘Blocked’ relay contacts, all
should be open.
Apply 50V ac to the tap position indication inputs (terminals 19 & 20). Monitor the
tap position by selecting measure column from the menu system on the LCD, it should
be within the limits. Clear any conditions displayed on the relay LCD by pressing the
[0] key.
Change the voltage on tap position indication inputs causing the tap changer to
operate. Both ‘Raise volts’ and ‘Lower volts’ relay contacts should remain open.
The ‘Blocked’ and ‘RunAway’ relay contacts should be closed.
Reset the relay to clear the RunAway alarm by depressing the [0] key.
The ‘CONTROL LED’ should be extinguished. The ‘Blocked’ and ‘RunAway’ relay
contacts should be open.
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Decrease the system input voltage (Vs)causing the voltage to go outside the lower
deadband . The ‘CONTROL LED’ and ‘Raise volts’ contact should operate for a
period of tPULSE and ‘Lower V’ contacts should remain open.
Decrease voltage on tap position indication inputs causing the tap changer to lower
the voltage instead of raising it. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should be permanently lit and
the ‘Raise volts and ‘Lower volts’ contacts should be open. The ‘Blocked’ and
‘RunAway’ relay contacts should be closed.
Increase the system input voltage to the Vs setting. Reset the relay to clear the
RunAway alarm by depressing the [0] key. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should be
extinguished. The ‘Blocked’ and ‘RunAway’ relay contacts should be open.
Increase the system input voltage. The ‘CONTROL LED’ and ‘Lower volts’ contact
should operate for a period of tPULSE. The ‘RunAway’, ‘Blocked’ and ‘Raise volts’
contacts should be open.
Increase the voltage to tap position indication inputs causing the tap changer to
operate to increase the voltage instead of lowering it. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should be
lit permanently. The ‘Raise volts’ and ‘Lower volts’ relay contacts should be open.
The ‘Blocked’ and ‘RunAway’ relay contacts should be closed.
Decrease the system input voltage to Vs. Reset the relay to clear the RunAway alarm
by depressing the [0] key. The ‘CONTROL’ LED should be extinguished.
The ‘Blocked’ and ‘RunAway’ relay contacts should be open.
Set the logic link LOG7 to ‘0’. Repeat the above tests and this time the RunAway
function should not cause blocking of the ‘Raise volts’ or ‘Lower volts’ relay contacts.
‘RunAway’ relay contacts should operate as it did in the above tests.
[Restore the following settings:
initial time delay setting (tINIT),
intertap delay (tINTER),
the maximum tap position (TP>),
minimum tap position (TP<)].
9.7.7 Load Check
When the line drop compensation facility is used, check by applying a load down
the line to prove that the polarities of the VT and CT are connected to the relay
correctly. Large load current will provide a more conclusive result.
Calculate the expected voltage drops for both the Resistive and Reactive components
in the line at the CT rated primary current and convert these to secondary valued
using the VT ratio.

Vr = 3 x Ip x R V = 3 x Ip x X L
XL
VT ratio VT ratio
Where: Ip = primary rated current of line CT
R = resistive component of line impedance
XL = reactive component of line impedance
VT ratio = ratio of primary to secondary voltages of line VT
[Before making the following changes note the settings for: Vr and VX, deadband
setting dVs, initial time delay setting (tINIT)].
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 9
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Set the:
Vr and VX to the calculated values.
deadband setting dVs to 3%,
initial time delay setting (tINIT) to 0 seconds].
At the receiving end of the feeder measure the phase to phase voltage on the
secondary of the VT. Repeat this at the feeding end on the same pair of lines.
Set Vs to the value measured at the receiving end. The relay should not cause
tapping if all CT and VT connections are connected with the correct polarity.
If tapping occurs then either CT and VT are not connected correctly or that the Vr and
VX settings do not match the line Vr , VX.
Increase and decrease the Vs setting and record the settings at which the ‘Raise volts’
contacts and the ‘Lower volts’ contacts change state. If the average values of these
two voltages are within 2% of the remote end value, then the relative connections to
CT and VT are correct.
[Restore the following settings:
Vr and VX,
deadband setting dVs,
initial time delay setting (tINIT)].
Note: The commissioning engineer should ensure that after completing all tests that
all required settings are set for the relay.
9.8 Problem solving
Should any of the relay‘s functions are found to be faulty it is recommended that the
complete relay is returned to the GEC ALSTHOM T&D Protection & Control factory or
local service agency.
9.8.1 Password lost or not accepted
Relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA.
Only uppercase letters are accepted.
Password can be changed by the user, see Chapter 3, Chapter 3.4.7.
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can
be supplied by the factory, or service agent, if given details of its serial number.
The serial number will be found in the system data column of the menu and should
correspond to the number on the label at the top right hand corner of the front plate
of the relay. If they differ, quote the one in the system data column.
9.8.2 Software link settings
The following functions will not work unless appropriate links are set. These links
apply to both group 1 and group 2. Password will need to be entered to set any
links.
[Link] System links
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to enable remote control.
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to enable remote load shed/boost.
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 3 to ‘1’ to enable remote change to group
2 setting.
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 4 to ‘1’ to enable group 2 settings: 0=hidden.
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 7 to ‘1’ to enable logic changes in event
records.
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 9
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Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 8 to ‘1’ to enable automatic recorder reset.
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 9 to ‘1’ to enable recorder to record.
Note: Links 8 and 9 are for disturbance recorder only, which is only used for
calibration purposes and is not available on KVGC.
[Link] Control links
For Group 1 settings:
Set function link [0301 CTL Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to select inverse time delay.
Set function link [0301 CTL Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to hold settings for group 2.
For Group 2 settings:
Group 2 CTL functional links are set in cell location [0501].
[Link] Logic links
For Group 1 settings:
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to block outside deadband for
maximum time.
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to block for excessive circulating
current.
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 3 to ‘1’ to block for excessive load current.
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 4 to ‘1’ to block for excessive number of
operations.
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 5 to ‘1’ to block for frequent operation.
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 6 to ‘1’ to block operation for reverse current
flow.
Set function link [0401 LOG Links] link 7 to ‘1’ to block for tap change runaway.
For Group 2 settings:
Group 2 LOG functional links are set in cell location [0601].
[Link] Second setting group not displayed or working
Set function link [0003 SD Links] link 4 to “1” to turn on the group 2 settings.
Set function links [0301 CTL1 and 0501 CTL2 Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to hold settings for
group 2.
[Link] Software links cannot be changed
Enter the password as these menu cells are protected.
Links are not selectable if associated text is not displayed.
9.8.3 Alarms
If the watchdog relay operates, first check that the relay is energised from the
auxiliary supply. If it is, then try to determine the cause of the problem by examining
the alarm flags towards the bottom of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu.
This will not be possible if the display is not responding to key presses.
Having attempted to determine the cause of the alarm it may be possible to return the
relay to an operable state by resetting it. To do this, remove the auxiliary power
supply for approximately 10 seconds and if it is powered from the CT circuit as well,
remove this source of supply, possibly by withdrawing the module from its case.
Then re-establish the supplies and the relay should in most cases return to an
operating state.
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Recheck the alarm status if the alarm led is still indicating an alarm state.
The following notes will give further guidance.
[Link] Watchdog alarm
The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy
state, with its “make” contact closed. When an alarm condition that requires some
action to be taken is detected, the watchdog relay resets and its “break” contact will
close to give an alarm.
Note: The green led will usually follow the operation of the watchdog relay.
There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the “break”
contact of the watchdog relay. Therefore, the indication for a failed/healthy relay will
be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case.
If the relay is still functioning, the actual problem causing the alarm can be found
from the alarm records in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu (see Chapter 3,
Chapter 3.3.5).
[Link] Unconfigured or uncalibrated alarm
For a CONFIGURATION alarm the control software is stopped and no longer
performing its intended function. For an UNCALIBRATED alarm the control software
will still be operational but there will be an error in its calibration that will require
attention.
It may be left running provided the error does not cause any grading problems.
To return the relay to a serviceable state the initial factory configuration will have to
be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be carried
out at the factory, or entrusted to a recognised service centre.
[Link] Setting error alarm
A SETTING alarm indicates that the area of non-volatile memory where the selected
control settings are stored, has been corrupted. The current settings should be
checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later changes that
have been made.
If a personal computer (PC) is used during commissioning then it is recommended
that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disc with the serial
number of the relay used as the file name. The setting can then be readily loaded
back into the relay if necessary, or to a replacement relay.
[Link] “No service” alarm
This alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the calibration or
configuration mode when the tap control program will be stopped.
[Link] “No samples” alarm
This indicates that no samples are being taken. If this alarm flag is ever observed
then it might be possible to reset the flag by removing the auxiliary supply to the
relay for 10 seconds. The relay should be returned to the factory if this problem is not
resolved.
[Link] “No Fourier” alarm
This indicates that fourier not performing. If this alarm flag is ever observed then it
might be possible to reset the flag by removing the auxiliary supply to the relay for
10 seconds. The relay should be returned to the factory if this problem is not
resolved.
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9.8.4 Records
[Link] Problems with event records
A total of fifty events can be stored in a buffer. The oldest event is overwritten by the
next event to be stored when the buffer becomes full.
The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period
exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Any change of state of a control input or output relay, local setting change or alarm
conditions are stored in the relay.
Few events for change in state of logic inputs and relay outputs can be stored in the
event records. The change in state of inputs and outputs can occur frequently to
generate many events for each change in state occurrence. Setting System Data Link
[SD7] to “0” will turn off this feature and allow the maximum number of event records
to be stored.
Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the LCD.
Any spare opto-inputs may be used to log changes of state of external contacts in the
event record buffer of the Relay. The opto-input does not have to be assigned to a
particular function in order to achieve this.
When a master station has successfully read a record it usually clears it automatically
and when all records have been read the event bit in the status byte is set to “0” to
indicate that there are no longer any records to be retrieved.
9.8.5 Communications
Address cannot be automatically allocated if the remote change of setting has been
inhibited by function link [0003 SD Links] link 1. This must be first set to “1”,
alternatively the address must be entered manually via the user interface on the relay.
Address cannot be allocated automatically unless the address is first manually set to
0. This can also be achieved by a global command including the serial number of
the relay.
Relay address set to 255, the global address for which no replies are permitted.
[Link] Measured values do not change
Values in the MEASURE column are snap-shots of the values at the time they were
requested. To obtain a value that varies with the measured quantity it should be
added to the poll list as described in R8514, the User Manual for the Protection
Access Software & Tool kit.
[Link] Relay no longer responding
Check if other relays that are further along the bus are responding and if so, power
down the relay for 10 seconds and then re-energise to reset the communication
processor. This should not be necessary as the reset operation occurs automatically
when the relay detects a loss of communication.
If relays further along the bus are not communicating, check to find out which are
responding towards the master station. If some are responding then the position of
the break in the bus can be determined by deduction. If none is responding then
check for data on the bus or reset the communication port driving the bus with
requests.
Check there are not two relays with the same address on the bus.
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[Link] No response to remote control commands

Check that the relay is not inhibited from responding to remote commands by
observing the system data function link settings. If so reset as necessary; a password
will be required.
System data function links cannot be set over the communication link if the remote
change of settings has been inhibited by setting system data function link [0003 SD
Links] link 1 to “0”. Reset [0003 SD Links] link 1 to “1” manually via the user
interface on the relay first.
Relay does not respond to load shedding/boosting levels set from the courier master
station. Check input masks settings to ensure the load shedding/boosting is not
selected by the opto inputs as this will override the commands over the serial port.
9.8.6 Output relays remain picked-up
Relays remain picked-up when de-selected by link or mask.
If an output relay is operated at the time it is de-selected, either by a software link
change or by de-selecting it in an output mask, it may remain operated until the relay
is powered down and up again. It is therefore advisable to momentarily remove the
energising supply after such changes.
9.8.7 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to
check that they are approximately within the tolerance given below. If they are not
then the following can be tried:
● Reset the relay by removing the auxiliary supply for 10 seconds
● Recalibrate the relay
If problem is still not solved, then the relay should be returned to the factory.
The measurements should be within the following tolerance:

Measurements Tolerance
Load current ±2%
Circulating current ±5%
Measured Voltage ±2%
Regulated Voltage ±0.5% of system voltage
Frequency ±1%
Timing measurements ±0.5% or 15 to 35ms (Definite time)
±10% (Inverse time)

9.9 Maintenance
K Range Midos relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance. Most
problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be taken. However, some
periodic tests could be conducted to ensure that the relay is functioning correctly.
9.9.1 Preliminary checks
Loosen the four cover screws and remove the cover, the relay can now be withdrawn
from its case. Carefully examine the module and case to see that no damage has
occurred since installation and visually check the current transformer shorting
switches in the case are wired into the correct circuit and are closed when the
module is withdrawn. Check that the serial number on the module, case and front
plate are identical and that the model number and rating information are correct.
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Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme
diagram. The relay diagram number appears inside the case on a label at the left
hand side. The serial number of the relay also appears on this label, and on the front
plate of the relay module. The serial numbers marked on these three items should
match; the only time that they may not match is when a failed relay module has been
replaced for continuity of protection.
With the relay removed from its case, ensure that the shorting switches between
terminals listed below are closed by checking with a continuity tester.
Terminals: 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28.
[Link] Earthing
Ensure that the case earthing connection, above the rear terminal block, is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar and where there is more than one relay the
copper earth bar is in place connecting the earth terminals of each case in the same
tier together.
[Link] Main current transformers
DO NOT OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A LIVE CT SINCE THE
HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL TO PERSONNEL AND COULD
DAMAGE INSULATION.
9.9.2 Remote testing
The relay can be communicated with from a remote point, via its serial port, then
some testing can be carried out without actually visiting the site.
[Link] Alarms
The alarm status led should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist.
The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that may
exist.
[Link] Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to
check that they are in the approximate range that is expected. If they are, then the
analogue/digital conversion and calculations are being performed correctly.
9.9.3 Local testing
When testing locally, similar tests may be carried out to check for correct functioning
of the relay.
[Link] Alarms
The alarm status led should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist.
The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that may
exist.
[Link] Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be checked against known values injected into
the relay via the test block, if fitted, or injected directly into the relay terminals.
Suitable test methods will be found in Section 8.1 of this manual which deals with
commissioning. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being maintained.
[Link] Additional tests
Additional tests can be selected only from the features that are to be used in the
application these features are listed in the Commissioning test instructions as
required.
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9.9.4 Method of repair

Please read the handling instructions in Section 1 before proceeding with this work.
This will ensure that no further damage is caused by incorrect handling of the
electronic components.
[Link] Replacing a pcb
a) Replacement of user interface
Withdraw the module from its case.
Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the front plate.
Remove the front plate.
Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its
mounting.
Then pull the pcb upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge.
Replace with a new interface board and assemble in the reverse order.
b) Replacement of main processor board
This is the pcb at the extreme left of the module, when viewed from the front.
To replace this board:
First remove the screws holding the side screen in place. There are two screws
through the top plate of the module and two more through the base plate.
Remove screen to expose the pcb.
Remove the two retaining screws, one at the top edge and the other directly below
it on the lower edge of the pcb.
Separate the pcb from the sockets at the front edge of the board. Note that they
are a tight fit and will require levering apart, taking care to ease the connectors
apart gradually so as not to crack the front pcb card. The connectors are designed
for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for continual disassembly of the unit.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence, making sure that the screen plate is
replaced with all four screws securing it.
c) Replacement of auxiliary expansion board
This is the second board in from the left hand side of the module.
Remove the processor board as described above in b).
Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in place.
Unplug the pcb from the front bus as described for the processor board and
withdraw.
Replace in the reverse of this sequence, making sure that the screen plate is
replaced with all four screws securing it.
[Link] Replacing output relays and opto-isolators
PCBs are removed as described in Section [Link] b and c. They are replaced in the
reverse order. Calibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless either
of the two boards that plug directly on to the left hand terminal block are replaced,
as these directly affect the calibration.
Note that this pcb is a through hole plated board and care must be taken not to
damage it when removing a relay for replacement, otherwise solder may not flow
through the hole and make a good connection to the tracks on the component side of
the pcb.
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 9
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[Link] Replacing the power supply board

Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the
module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of
the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply pcb.
Remove the securing screw at the top and bottom of the power supply board.
Withdraw the power supply board from the rear, unplugging it from the front bus.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence.
[Link] Replacing the back plane
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the
module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of
the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply pcb.
Twist outwards and around to the side of the module.
Replace the pcb and terminal block assembly.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence.
9.9.5 Recalibration
Whilst recalibration is not usually necessary it is possible to carry it out on site, but it
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SERVICE MANUAL Chapter 9
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requires test equipment with suitable accuracy and a special calibration program to
run on a PC. This work is not within the capabilities of most people and it is
recommended that the work is carried out by an authorised agency.
After calibration the relay will need to have all the settings required for the
application re-entered and so it is useful if a copy of the settings is available on a
floppy disk. Although this is not essential it can reduce the down time of the system.

Timer

Start Stop
S2

4
W.D. healthy 6
17 3
AC Decade System voltage W.D. failed 5
voltage box 18 input
30
Raise volts
32
13 34
AC or DC Auxiliary Lower volts
14 supply 36
supply 38
Blocked
40

V<< 42 Contact
27 44
Phase Load monitor
shifter 28 current V< 29
31
V> 33
35
AC current KVGC 27
Ic> 39
10A
41
21 IL> 43
Pilot
22 wire
7
25 Field voltage 8
Circulating
26 current 5A
OPTO Ref(L0 – L2) 52 Switch
L0 46 S1
23
AC current Circulating L1 48
10A 24 current 1A L2 50
OPTO Ref(L3 – L7) 55
L3 45
19 L4 47
AC Tap position
voltage 20 indication L5 49
L6 51
L7 53
54
K-Bus
PC KITZ 56 coms port

Figure 1: Test circuit diagram

Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Appendix 1
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 1
Page 1 of 1

(%)

110

Definite
100

90

80

70
Operating time delay (% of initial delay setting)

60

50

40
Inverse = Initial time delay setting

N
30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (N)
Vs dVs Voltage deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs

Figure 1: Relay inverse time characteristic curve

Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Appendix 2
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 2
Page 1 of 1

+ –

SD1 0701 Remote

0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
Tap change 0702 Automatic Automatic
control modes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SET 1 Tap change
0703 Manual Manual control logic
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RESET 0 LowerV RaiseV 0805 V>
V> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Overvoltage

0801 Raise volts

0704 Raise
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Raise volts P1 tPULSE & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Manual raise Tap change

or lower & 0802 Lower volts
control
0705 Lower
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Lower volts P1 tPULSE & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

V< 0806 V<

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Undervoltage
0706 Block
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0803 Blocked
Tap change
Block P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0707 LSB level 1 inhibited
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
P1
0708 LSB level 2 LSB level 1
Load shed/
Load shedding/ 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
P1 boost logic
boosting 0709 LSB level 3 LSB level 2 0 to 3
SD2 P1
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 P1
LSB level 3
V<< 0804 V<<
Undervoltage
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
blocking
LOG1
Voltage >dV 0 0807 Tap fail
outside 1
tFAIL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
deadband LOG2
0 0808 Ic> Excessive
Ic> 1
tlc 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 circulating
LOG3 current
0 0809 IL>
IL> 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Line overcurrent
LOG4
TotalOps 0 080A TotalOps>
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG5 Tap change
FreqOps 0 080B FreqOps> maintenance
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG6
0 080C 1 Rev Reverse
Reverse 1
current 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 current
logic detection
LOG7
0 080D Run-away
Run-away 1 Run-away
logic 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
detection
CTL2
0
1
SD4
Change 070A STG GRP 2
0 Change to
setting 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 P1 1
group setting group 2
SD3 Remote set Grp2
0 SET 1
1
RESET 0
Remote set Grp1

TPI (V) 080E Tap limit

Tp>
Tap position P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
logic
Tp<

SD CTL LOG
FEDCBA9876543210 FEDCBA9876543210 FEDCBA9876543210

Figure 1: Logic diagram

Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Appendix 3
Direction of forward current
KVGC

A P1 P2
A
13 4
S1 S2 AC/DC +
B WD Relay healthy
C B supply 6
C 14
Phase rotation Vx – 3
21
WD 5 Relay failed

22 30
SERVICE MANUAL

23 32 RL0
34
24
25 36 RL1
38
26 40 RL2
27
42
Case earth
28 44 RL3
1 29 30 29
17
3 4 31 32
31 RL4
5 6 33 34 18 KVGC102
22 23
7 8 35 36 33
9 10 37 38 35 RL5
22 25 19
39 40
20 37
13 14 41 42 5 3EA22A RL6
43 44 4 46 39
3 2 1 resistor
17 18 45 46 network L0 41
19 20 47 48
48 43 RL7
21 22 49 50 3 L1
2 1
23 24 51 52
1 50
25 26 53 54 26 24 L2 Case earth
55 56
connection
27 28 52
Logic input common (1)
SCN 54
L3 45
Module terminal blocks K-Bus
viewed from rear 47
L4 56 Communications port
(with integral case earth strap)

Notes: 49 SCN
L5
1 (a) CT shorting links make
before (b) & (c) disconnect 51
(b) Short terminal break before (c) L6
(c) Long terminal 7
53 +
(d) Pin terminal (PCB) type L7
2 CT connections are typical only +48V field voltage
8
Section 1. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS for CUSTOMISING

3 Earthing connections are typical only 55 -

Logic input common (2)

Figure 1: Typical application diagram: KVGC single transformer application with tap position indication of 22 taps
R8552B

Page 1 of 6
Appendix 3
Direction of forward current flow

Direction of forward current flow P1 P2

A
KVGC

P1 P2 S1 S2
A B
A
S1 S2 C
B
C
C B
Phase rotation KVGC102
13 4
AC/DC +
6 Relay healthy
supply
14
Vx – 3
SERVICE MANUAL

21
5 Relay failed
30
22
23 32 RL0
KVGC102
13 4 34
AC/DC + 24
6 Relay healthy 25 36 RL1
supply
14
Vx – 3 22 23 38
21
5 Relay failed 26 40 RL2
22 See 27
30 Note 5 42
22
23 32 RL0 5 44 RL3
4 3EA22A 28
3 2 1
34 Resistor 29
24 5 network 17
25 36 RL1 31 RL4
4 18
22 23 3 25
38 2 33
26 40 RL2 1 35 RL5
22 See 27 26 24 19
Note 5 42 20 37
5 RL3 RL6
4 28 44 46 39
3 2 1 3EA22A
Resistor 29 L0 41
5 network 17
31 RL4 48 43 RL7
4 18
3 25 L1 1
2 33
1 35 RL5 50
26 24 19 L2 Case earth
37 connection
20 LOGIC INPUT COMMON (1) 52
39 RL6
46 54
Case earth L0 L3 45
41
RL7 47 K-Bus
1 29 30 48 43 L4 56
L1 communications port
3 4 31 32 1
5 6 49 SC
33 34 50 L5
7 8 36
L2 Case earth
35
9 10 connection 51
37 38 LOGIC INPUT COMMON (1) 52
L6
39 40 54
13 14 41 42 L3 45 7 +
53
43 44 K-Bus L7
47 +48V field voltage
17 18 45 46 L4 56 communications port 8
55 –
19 20 47 48 LOGIC INPUT COMMON (2)
49 SC
21 22 49 50
Notes:
L5
23 24 51 52 1 (a) CT shorting links make
51 before (b) & (c) disconnect
25 26 53 54 L6 (b) Short terminal break before (c)
27 28 55 56 7 + (c) Long terminal
53
SCN L7 (d) Pin terminal (PCB) type
+48V field voltage
8 2 CT connections are typical only
55 –
Module terminal blocks LOGIC INPUT COMMON (2) 3 Earthing connections are typical only
viewed from rear 4 Connection shown for 1A relay
(with integral case earth strap)
5 All 3EA22A tap position terminals )1–22) should
be connected but not shown for clarity

Figure 2: Typical application diagram: KVGC parallel transformer operation (phase – phase voltage input and phase current) with tap position
R8552B

Page 2 of 6
Appendix 3

indication of 22 taps
Direction of forward current
KVGC

P1 P2 13 4
A AC/DC +
supply 6 Relay healthy
S1 S2 14
B Vx – 3
C 21
5 Relay failed
A
22 30
23 RL0
SERVICE MANUAL

C B 32
Phase rotation 34
24
25 36 RL1

38
26 40 RL2
27
Case earth 42
28 44 RL3
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 17 29
5 6 33 34 31 RL4
18 KVGC102
7 8 35 36 22 23
33
9 10 37 38
35 RL5
39 40 22 25 19
See
13 14 41 42 37
5 Note 4 20
43 44 4 39 RL6
17 18 45 46 3 2 1 46
3EA22A L0
19 20 47 48 5 resistor 41
21 22 49 50 4 network 48 43 RL7
3 L1
23 24 51 52 2 1
25 26 53 54 1 50
26 24 L2 Case earth
27 28 55 56 connection
52
SCN Logic input common (1)
54
Module terminal blocks L3 45
viewed from rear K-Bus
(with integral case earth strap) 47
L4 56 Communications port

Notes: 49 SCN
L5
1 (a) CT shorting links make
before (b) & (c) disconnect 51
(b) Short terminal break before (c) L6
(c) Long terminal 7
53 +
(d) Pin terminal (PCB) type L7
2 CT connections are typical only +48V field voltage
55 8
3 Earthing connections are typical only Logic input common (2) –
4 All 3EA22A tap position terminals (1–22) should
be connected but not shown for clarity

Figure 3: Typical application diagram: KVGC single transformer application with tap position indication of 22 taps
R8552B

Page 3 of 6
Appendix 3
Direction of forward current
A P1 P2
A
KVGC

13 4
S1 S2 AC/DC +
B WD Relay healthy
C B supply 6
C 14
Phase rotation Vx – 3
21
WD 5 Relay failed

22 30
23
SERVICE MANUAL

RL0 32 Raise volts

34
24
25 RL1 36 Lower volts
38
26 RL2 40 Blocked
27
42
Case earth
28 RL3 44 V <<
1 29 30 29
17
3 4 31 32 RL4 31 V>
5 6 33 34 18 KVGC102
22 23
7 8 35 36 33
9 10 37 38 RL5 35 V<
22 25 19
39 40
20 37
13 14 41 42 5 3EA22A RL6
43 44 4 39 IC >
3 2 1 resistor 46
17 18 45 46 network Automatic L0 41
19 20 47 48
48 RL7 43 IL >
21 22 49 50 3 Manual L1
2 1
23 24 51 52
1 50
25 26 53 54 26 24 Raise L2 Case earth
55 56
connection
27 28 52
Logic input common (1)
SCN 54
Lower L3 45
Module terminal blocks K-Bus
viewed from rear 47
Block L4 56 Communications port
(with integral case earth strap)

Notes: 49 SCN
Level 1 L5
1 (a) CT shorting links make
before (b) & (c) disconnect Load shedding 51
(b) Short terminal break before (c) Level 2 L6
or boosting
(c) Long terminal 7
53 +
(d) Pin terminal (PCB) type Level 3 L7
2 CT connections are typical only +48V field voltage
55 8
3 Earthing connections are typical only Logic input common (2) -
Section 1. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS for RELAYS as SUPPLIED

Figure 4: Typical application diagram: KVGC single transformer application with tap position indication of 22 taps
R8552B

Page 4 of 6
Appendix 3
Direction of forward current flow

Direction of forward current flow P1 P2

A
KVGC

P1 P2 S1 S2
A B
A
S1 S2 C
B
C
C B
Phase rotation KVGC102
13 4
AC/DC +
WD 6 Relay healthy
supply
14
Vx – 3
SERVICE MANUAL

21
WD 5 Relay failed
30
22
23 RL0 32 Raise volts
KVGC102
13 4 34
AC/DC + 24
WD 6 Relay healthy 25 RL1 36 Lower volts
supply
14
Vx – 3 22 23 38
21
WD 5 Relay failed 26 RL2 40 Blocked
22 See 27
30 Note 5 42
22
23 RL0 32 Raise volts 5 RL3 44 V <<
4 3EA22A 28
3 2 1
34 Resistor 29
24 5 network 17
25 RL1 36 Lower volts 4 RL4 31 V>
25 18
22 23 3
38 2 33
26 RL2 40 Blocked 1 RL5 35 V<
22 See 27 26 24 19
Note 5 42 20 37
5 RL3 V << RL6 IC >
4 28 44 46 39
3 2 1 3EA22A
Resistor 29 Automatic L0 41
5 network 17
4 RL4 31 V> 48 RL7 43 IL >
25 18 Manual L1
3 1
2 33
1 RL5 35 V< 50
26 24 19 Raise L2 Case earth
37 connection
20 LOGIC INPUT COMMON (1) 52
RL6 39 IC >
46 54
Case earth Automatic L0 Lower L3 45
41
47 K-Bus
1 29 30 48 RL7 43 IL > Block L4 56
Manual L1 communications port
3 4 31 32 1
5 6 49 SC
33 34 50 Level 1 L5
7 8 35 36 Raise L2 Case earth
9 10 connection 51
37 38 LOGIC INPUT COMMON (1) 52 Load shedding
or boosting Level 2 L6
39 40 54
13 14 41 42 Lower L3 45 7 +
53
43 44 K-Bus Level 3 L7
47 +48V field voltage
17 18 45 46 Block L4 56 communications port 8
55 –
19 20 47 48 LOGIC INPUT COMMON (2)
49 SC
21 22 49 50 Level 1 L5 Notes:
23 24 51 52 1 (a) CT shorting links make
51 before (b) & (c) disconnect
Load shedding
25 26 53 54 Level 2 L6 (b)
or boosting Short terminal break before (c)
27 28 55 56 7 + (c) Long terminal
53
SCN Level 3 L7 (d) Pin terminal (PCB) type
+48V field voltage
8 2 CT connections are typical only
55 –
Module terminal blocks LOGIC INPUT COMMON (2) 3 Earthing connections are typical only
viewed from rear 4 Connection shown for 1A relay
(with integral case earth strap)
5 All 3EA22A tap position terminals )1–22) should
be connected but not shown for clarity

Figure 5: Typical application diagram: KVGC parallel transformer operation (phase – phase voltage input and phase current) with tap position
R8552B

Page 5 of 6
Appendix 3

indication of 22 taps
Direction of forward current
KVGC

P1 P2
A 13 4
AC/DC +
S1 S2 Relay healthy
B supply 6
14
C Vx – 3
21
5 Relay failed
A
22 30
SERVICE MANUAL

23 32 RL0
C B 22 23
Phase rotation 25 34
24
25 36 RL1
18
Case earth See 38
Note 5 26 40 RL2
1 27
29 30
3 4 42
31 32 5 3EA22A
5 6 4 resistor 28 44 RL3
33 34 3
7 8 35 36 2 network 17 29
9 10 37 38 1
26 24 KVGC102 31 RL4
39 40 18
13 14 41 42 33
22 23
43 44 25 35 RL5
17 18 19
45 46
19 20 40 20 37
47 48 See
21 22 Note 4 39 RL6
49 50 5 46
23 24 51 52 4 L0 41
3 2 1
53 54
3EA22A
25 26 48 43 RL7
5 resistor
L1
27 28 55 56 4 network 1
3
SCN 2 50
1 L2 Case earth
Module terminal blocks 26 24 connection
viewed from rear 52
Logic input common (1)
(with integral case earth strap) 54
L3 45
47 K-Bus
Notes: Communications port
L4 56
1 (a) CT shorting links make
before (b) & (c) disconnect 49 SCN
(b) Short terminal break before (c) L5
(c) Long terminal
51
(d) Pin terminal (PCB) type L6
2 CT connections are typical only
3 Earthing connections are typical only 53 7
L7 +
4 All 3EA22A tap position terminals (1–22) should +48V field voltage
be connected but not shown for clarity 55 8
Logic input common (2) –
5 All 3EA22A tap position terminals (1–18) should
be connected but not shown for clarity

Figure 6: Typical application diagram: KVGC single transformer application with tap position indication of 40 taps
R8552B

Page 6 of 6
Appendix 3
Type KVGC
Voltage Regulating Control Relay
Service Manual

Appendix 4
Commissioning Test Record
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 1 of 8

Appendix 4. COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD

Date ____________________

Station ____________________ Circuit _____________________

Front plate information

Voltage regulating relay type KVGC

Model No.
Serial No.
Rated In
Aux Voltage Vx
Frequency Hz
Rated ac voltage Vn

0000 System data settings F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0002 Password
0003 SD Links
0004 Description
0006 Plant Ref.
0007 Model
0008 Serial No.
0009 Frequency
000A Comms Level
000B Relay Address
000C Plant status
000D Control status
000E Group now
000F Load shed/boost stage
0011 Software Ref.
0020 Logic status
0021 Relay status
0022 Alarms
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 2 of 8

0300 Control (1)

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0301 CTL Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0302 CT Ratio
0303 VT Ratio
0304 In
0305 Vs
0306 dV
0307 Vc (volt/In)
0308 Vr (volt/In)
0309 Vx (volt/In)
030A Angle Vr/Vx
030B tINIT DT
030C tINTER
030D tPULSE
030E LSB level 1
030F LSB level 2
0310 LSB level 3

0500 Control (2)

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0501 CTL Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0502 CT Ratio
0503 VT Ratio
0504 In
0505 Vs
0506 dV
0507 Vc (volt/In)
0508 Vr (volt/In)
0509 Vx (volt/In)
050A Angle Vr/Vx
050B tINIT DT
050C tINTER
050D tPULSE
050E LSB level 1
050F LSB level 2
0510 LSB level 3
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 3 of 8

0400 Logic (1)

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0401 Log Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0402 V <<
0403 V <
0404 V >
0405 tFAIL >
0406 Ic
0407 tIc
0408 IL
0409 Tp Avail
040A TP >
040B TP <
040C TotalOps
040D Ops/tP>
040E tP

0600 Logic (2)

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0601 Log Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0602 V <<
0603 V <
0604 V >
0605 tFAIL >
0606 Ic
0607 tIc
0608 IL
0609 Tp Avail
060A TP >
060B TP <
060C TotalOps
060D Ops/tP>
060E tP
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 4 of 8

0700 Log Links

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0701 Remote 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0702 Automatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0703 Manual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0704 Raise V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0705 Lower V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0706 Block 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0707 Level 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0708 Level 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0709 Level 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
070A Stg GRP2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
070B Reset Rescd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Series 0800
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0801 Raise V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0802 Lower V
0803 Blocked
0804 V <<
0805 V <
0806 V >
0807 Tap Fail
0808 Ic >
0809 IL >
080A TotalOps
080B Freq Ops
080C Irev
080D Run-Away
080E Tap Limit
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 5 of 8

Commissioning preliminaries (tick)

1.4 Serial number on case, module and cover checked

CT shorting switches in case checked

Terminals 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28 checked for
continuity with module removed from case

External wiring checked to diagram (if available)

1.5 Earth connection to case checked

1.7 Test block connections checked

1.8 Insulation checked

Auxiliary supply checked

3.1 Auxiliary power checked

3.1.1 Auxiliary voltage at the relay terminals _____________ V ac/dc

3.1.2 Watchdog contacts checked

Supply off Terminals 3 and 5

Terminals 4 and 6

Supply on Terminals 3 and 5

Terminals 4 and 6

3.1.3 Field voltage _____________ V ac/dc

Metering
Applied Measured
value value

Vs V V

Ic A A

IL A A
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 6 of 8

Grp1 Grp2

Voltage setting Vs V V

Deadband setting dVs % %

Volts high threshold (VHIGH) V V

Volts low threshold (VLOW) V V

Measured setting (VHIGH + VLOW)/2 V V

Actual dead band (VHIGH – VLOW) V V

Load shedding/boosting
Setting values

–3% –6% –9% +3% +6% +9%

Measured values

–3% –6% –9% +3% +6% +9%

Initial time delay (tINIT) Grp1 Grp2

Setting (definite) s s

Measured (definite) s s

Setting (inverse) s s

Measured (inverse) s s

Inter tap time delay (tINTER)

Setting s s

Measured s s

Line drop compensation

Resistive compensation volts setting Vr V V

Manual/ Manual/
Mode setting [0102 STATUS] auto auto
Voltage setting (Vs) V V

Vreg [0202 MEASURE] V V

Measured resistive compensation Vr V V
= Vreg – Vs
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 7 of 8

Grp 1 Grp 2

Reactive compensation volts setting VXL V V

Manual/ Manual/
Mode setting [0102 STATUS] auto auto
Voltage setting (Vs) V V

Vreg [0202 MEASURE] V V

Measured reactive compensation V V

Vx = √(Vreg – Vs2)

Circulating current compensation setting Vc V V

Negative/ Negative/
Compensation (Vc) positive positive
Voltage setting (Vs) V V

Vreg [0202 MEASURE] V V

Measured circulating current V V

compensation Vc = Vreg – Vs

Supervision
Undervoltage detector (V<)

Undervoltage setting V V

Value measured V V

Overvoltage detector (V>)

Overvoltage setting V V

Value measured V V

Load current detector (IL)

Load current setting A A

Value measured A A

Circulating current detector (Ic)

Circulating current setting A A

Value measured A A

Alarm (tFAIL) s s

LOAD check
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 8 of 8

Volts at receiving end V V

Volts low lamp when Vs is set at V V

Volts high lamp when Vs is set at V V

Average Vs V V
(should ≈ volts at receiving end)

______________________________________ _______________________________________
Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness

______________________________________ _______________________________________
Date Date
KVGC R8552B
SERVICE MANUAL Appendix 4
Page 9 of 8

REPAIR FORM

Please complete this form and return it to ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd with the
equipment to be repaired. This form may also be used in the case of application queries.

ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd

St. Leonards Works
Stafford
ST17 4LX,
England
For: After Sales Service Department

Customer Ref: _________________________ Model No: __________________

ALSTOM Contract Ref: _________________________ Serial No: __________________
Date: _________________________

1. What parameters were in use at the time the fault occurred?

AC volts _____________ Main VT/Test set

DC volts _____________ Battery/Power supply
AC current _____________ Main CT/Test set
Frequency _____________

2. Which type of test was being used? ____________________________________________

3. Were all the external components fitted where required? Yes/No

(Delete as appropriate.)

4. List the relay settings being used

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

5. What did you expect to happen?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

continued overleaf
✁
6. What did happen?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

7. When did the fault occur?

Instant Yes/No Intermittent Yes/No

Time delayed Yes/No (Delete as appropriate).

By how long? ___________

8. What indications if any did the relay show?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

9. Was there any visual damage?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

10. Any other remarks which may be useful:

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________ _______________________________________
Signature Title

______________________________________ _______________________________________
Name (in capitals) Company name
✁
A L S T O M T & D P r o t e c t i o n & C o n t r o l L t d St Leonards Works, Stafford, ST17 4LX England
Tel: 44 (0) 1785 223251 Fax: 44 (0) 1785 212232 Email: enquiries@[Link] Internet: [Link]

©1998 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd

Our policy is one of continuous product development and the right is reserved to supply equipment which may vary from that described.

Publication R8552B Printed in England.