1.

One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolved by analysis, having a unitary character and exhibiting a unique
behavior under an applied load.
a. Transition Structure b. Structural Member c. Structural Unit d. Structural Analysis

2. A major spatial division, usually one of a series, marked or partitioned off by the principal vertical supports of a structure.
a. Bay b. Structural Grid c. Transition Structure d. Effective Span

3. Of a pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load-carrying mechanism that acts in one direction only.
a. Strut b. Tie c. Two-way d. One-way

4. Any condition, as fracturing, buckling, or plastic deformation, that renders a structural assembly, element, or joint incapable of sustaining
the load-carrying function for which it was designed.
a. Fracture b. Fatigue c. Structural Failure d. Lateral Stability

5. A point, surface, or mass that supports weight, esp. the area of contact between a bearing member, as a beam or truss, and a column,
wall, or other underlying support.
a. Hinge b. Cable c. Bearing d. Rod

6. A structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole.

a. Foundation b. Primary Member c. Secondary Member d. Tertiary Member

7. The load on a structural element or member collected from its tributary area.
a. Tributary b. Dead load c. Service Load d. Tributary Load

8. A means for binding a structural member to another or to its foundation, often to resist uplifting and horizontal forces.
a. Anchorage b. Fixed Connection c. Pin Welding

9. A slender rod driven through holes in adjacent parts to keep the parts together or to permit them to move in one plane relative to each
other.
a. Cross Bracing b. Pin c. Rigid Joint d. Anchorage

10. A structural support that allows rotation but resist translation in a direction perpendicular into or away from its face.
a. Roller Support b. Unrestrained member c. Cable Support d. Cross Bracing

11. A wall of treated timber, masonry or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth.
a. Basement Wall b. Exterior Wall c. Curtain Wall d. Retaining Wall

12. A wall supporting no load other than its own weight.

a. Bearing Wall b. Nonbearing Wall c. Part Wall d. Retaining Wall

13. A finish or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed water.
a. Parapet b. Pile Cap c. Roof d. Coping

14. A foundation wall that encloses a usable area under the building.
a. Cellar b. Basement Wall c. Crawl Space d. Retaining Wall

15. Any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior wall.

a. Party Wall b. Gable Wall c. Interior Wall d. Exterior Wall

16. A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening.

a. Stiffener Column b. Girder c. Lintel d. Beam

17. A retaining wall of reinforce concrete or reinforce concrete masonry, cantilevered from and securely tied to a spread footing that is shaped
to resist overturning and sliding.
a. Bin Wall b. Cribbing c. Cantilever Wall d. Counterfort

18. A galvanize wire basket filled with stones and used in constructing an abutment or retaining structure.
a. Retaining Wall b. Riprap c. Crib d. Gabion

19. Yard lumber 5” or more in the least dimension.

a. Boards b. Dimension Lumber c. Timbers d. Yard Lumber

20. Softwood lumber intended for general building purpose, including boards, dimension lumber, and timber.
a. Factory Lumber b. Rough Lumber c. Surface Green d. Yard Lumber

21. A check that extends completely through a board or wood veneer.

a. Shake b. Pitch Pocket c. Check d. Split

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22. The presence of bark or absence of wood at a corner or along an edge of a piece.
a. Pitch pocket b. Split c. Wane d. Bow

23. A vertical laminated wood beam made by fastening together 2 or more smaller members with bolts, lag screws, or spikes, equal in
strength to the sum of the strengths of the individual pieces if none of the laminations are spliced.
a. Built-up Beam b. Box Beam c. I-Beam d. Flitch Beam

24. A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.
a. Hardboard b. Waferboard c. Particleboard d. Fiberboard

25. A pitched truss having tension members extending from the foot of each top chord to an intermediate point of the opposite top chord.
a. Scissors Truss b. Fink Truss c. Crescent Truss d. Howe

26. Yard lumber less than 2” thick and 2” or more wide.

a. Boards b. Dimension Lumber c. Timbers d. Yard Lumber

27. A plate for uniting structural members meeting in a single plane.

a. Black Iron b. Billet c. Gusset Top Chord

28. A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear members subject only to axial tension or
compression.
a. Arch b. Truss b. Vault c. Teepee

29. A joint that physically separates two adjacent building masses so that free vibratory movement in each can occur independently of the
other.
a. Control Joint b. Seismic Joint c. Construction Joint d. Expansion Joint

30. The ability of a structure, when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium by an applied load, to developed internal forces or moments that
restore the original condition.
a. Ductility Stiffness c. Stability d. Brittleness

31. A cable anchorage that allows rotation but resists translation only in the direction of the cable.
a. Roller support b. Point of Support c. Fixed-end Connection d. Cable Support

32. Yard lumber from 2” – 4” thick and 2” or more wide.

a. Boards b. Dimension Lumber c. Timbers d. Yard Lumber

33. The potential high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a reinforce slab.
a. Punching Shear b. Shear Head c. Drop Panel d. Bifurcation

34. A butt splice made by arc-welding the butted ends of two reinforcing bars.
a. Lap splice b. Butt splice c. Welded splice d. Compression splice

35. Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical
component of diagonal tension.
a. Web Bar b. Tie bar c. Stirrup d. Reinforce Bar

36. The integral system of members connecting the upper and lower chords of a truss.
a. Panel b. Heel c. Web d. Chord

37. An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, along which no
bending stress occur.
a. Effective Depth b. Neutral Axis c. Kern d. Span

38. The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviated from true course under transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and
decreasing with an increasing in the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material.
a. Deflection b. Camber c. Effective Length d. Inflection Point

39. The extent of space between two supports of a structure.

a. Effective Span b. Effective Length c. Span d. Clear Span

40. A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end.

a. Cantilever Beam b. Continuous Beam c. Overhanging beam d. Fixed-end Beam

41. The buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction.
a. Deflection b. Camber c. Bending Stress d. Lateral Buckling

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42. A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present in a structure for given set of transverse loads
and support conditions.
a. Shear Diagram b. Moment Diagram c. Stress Trajectories d. Transverse Shear

43. A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance.
a. Girder b. Continuous Beam c. Cantilever Beam d. Simple Beam

44. A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under a transverse load: theoretically
an internal hinge and therefore a point of zero moment.
a. Deflection b. Camber c. Inflection Point d. Negative Moment

45. A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection.
a. Camber b. Deflection c. Inflation d. Inflection

46. The center-to-center distance between the supports of a span.

a. Span b. Clear Span c. Effective Span d. Dimension

47. A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space supporting elements.
a. Foundation b. Column c. Beam d. Truss

48. An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support or standing alone as a monument.
a. Column b. Pillar c. Post Stilt

49. The lowest division of a building or other construction, partly or wholly below the surface of the ground, designed to support and anchor
the superstructure and transmit its load directly to the earth.
a. Foundation b. Basement c. Substructure d. Trabeated

50. A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation
system.
a. Column b. Pile c. Post d. Pier

51. The part of foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the frostline and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater
area.
a. Footing b. Tie Beam c. Wall Footing d. Raft

52. A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping site or bearing stratum.
a. Strip footing b. Combined footing c. Stepped footing d. Continuous footing

53. A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in a structure for a given set of transverse load and
support conditions
a. Shear diagram b. Moment diagram c. Schematic d. Sketch

54. A thick, slablike footing or reinforced concrete supporting a number of columns or an entire building.
a. Raft b. Mat c. Ribbed Mat d. Cellular Mat

55. The actual pressure developed between a footing and the supporting soil mass, equal to the quotient of the magnitude of the forces
transmitted and the area of contact.
a. Active Earth Pressure b. Arching c. Soil Pressure d. Pressure Bulb

56. The gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a sustained load and an increase in compressive
stress.
a. Settlement b. Consolidation c. Erosion d. Substratum

57. A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically load pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or
footings.
a. Lintel b. Wall Footing c. Tie beam d. Girder

58. A foundation system that extends down through unsuitable soil to transfer building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum well
below the superstructure.
a. Floating Foundation b. Core Foundation c. Pile Foundation d. Deep Foundation

59. One of several piles or post for supporting a structure above the surface of land and water.
a. Pier b. Pole c. Pile d. Stilt

60. A load extending over the length or area of the supporting structural element.
a. Static Load b. Concentrated Load c. Distributed Load d. Uniformly Distributed Load

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61. The forces exerted on a structure by an earthquake.
a. Lateral load b. Earthquake load c. Dynamic load d. Static load

62. The gradual subsiding of a structure as the soil beneath its foundation consolidates under loading.
a. Consolidation b. Substratum c. Settlement d. Erosion

63. A load acting on a very small area or particular point of a supporting structural element.
a. Static Load b. Concentrated Load c. Distributed Load d. Uniformly Distributed Load

64. A reinforced concrete slab or mat joining the heads of a cluster of piles to distribute the load from a column or grade beam equally among
piles.
a. Footing b. Pile Cap c. Slab d. Tie Beam

65. The moment of a force system that causes or tends to cause rotation.
a. Transverse Force b. Axial Force c. Torque d. Moment Force

66. A load applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating rapidly in magnitude or position.
a. Static Load b. Concentrated Load c. Distributed Load d. Uniformly Distributed Load

67. A wall occurring below the floor nearest grade designed to support and anchors the superstructure.
a. Retaining Wall b. Buttress c. Foundation Wall d. Load bearing Wall

68. An applied force producing or tending to produce shear in a body.

a. Shear b. Shear force c. Shear modulus d. Shearing force

69. The twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis caused by two equal and opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the
body.
a. Warp b. Bend c. Moment Force d. Torsion

70. The maximum tensile, compressive, or shearing stress a material can be expected to bear without rupturing or fracturing.
a. Ultimate Strength b. Yield Point c. Yield Strength d. Elastic Limit

71. Length required for 180 deg Hook.

a. 12D b. 16D c. 6D d. 4D

72. Curing temperature for concrete.

a. b. 22.8 deg C c. d.

73. Who decides if Footing on Piles is needed for a building?

a. Architect b. Structural Engineer c. Civil Engineer d. Soil Mechanics

74. Minimum effective depth of pile cap?

a. b. 300mm c. d.

75. Minimum controudment of pile on pile cap?

a. 100mm b. 125mm c. 150mm d. 175mm

76. Which of the following is not how to determine the spacing of a tie bar of a column?
a. 40D (rebar) b. 16D (rebar) c. 48D (Tiebar) d. Least dimension of a column

77. Minimum concrete cover of a column exposed in air / atmosphere.

a. 20mm b. 40mm c. 50mm d. 70mm

78. Minimum concrete cover of column pedestal exposed in underground soil.

a. 20mm b. 40mm c. 50mm d. 70mm

79. Length required for 90 deg hook.

a. 40D b. 16D c. 12D d. 4D

80. ACI code: Minimum column dimension.

a. 200mm b. 250mm c. 300mm d. 350mm

81. ACI code: Minimum gross area of a column.

a. 40,000mm2 b. 50,000mm2 c. 60,000mm2 d. 90,000mm2

82. Induce cracking at preselected location.

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a. Isolation Joints b. Control Joints c. Construction Joint d. Expansion Joint

83. The stress beyond which a marked increase in strain occurs in a material without a concurrent increase in stress.
a. Elastic Limit b. Yield Point c. Ultimate strength d. Ductility

84. A joint between 2 parts of a building or structure permitting thermal or moisture expansion to occur without damage to either part.
a. Isolation Joints b. Control Joints c. Construction Joint d. Expansion Joint

85. The breaking of a material resulting from the rupturing of its atomic bonds when stressed beyond its ultimate strength.
a. Fracture b. Fatigue c. Creep d. Strain

86. The act of shortening or state of being pushed together, resulting in a reduction in size or volume of an elastic body.
a. Compression b. Tension c. Stress d. Strain

87. Length required for 135 deg hook

a. 16D b. 6D c. 12D d. 4D

88. The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force.

a. Stress b. Strain c. Torque d. Tension

89. Allow movement between slab and fixed parts of the building such as columns, walls, and machinery bases.
a. Isolation Joints b. Control Joints c. Construction Joint d. Expansion Joint

90. The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measure by the minimum amount of longitudinal stress required to rupture the
material.
a. Tensile Stress b. Tensile Strain c. Tensile Force d. Tensile Strength

91. The axial stress that develops at the cross section of an elastic body to resist the collinear compressive forces tending to shorten it.
a. Compressive Stress b. Compressive Strain c. Compressive Force d. Compressive Test

92. The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and
changes in temperature.
a. Moisture expansion b. Absorption c. Adsorption d. Weatherabilty

93. A joint between two successive placement of concrete, often keyed or doweled to provide lateral stability across the joint.
a. Isolation Joints b. Control Joints c. Construction Joint d. Expansion Joint

94. The elongation of a unit length of material produced by a tensile stress.

a. Tensile Stress b. Tensile Test c. Tensile Strain d. Tensile Strength

95. An internal force tangential to the surface on which it acts, developed by a body in response to a shear force.
a. Shearing Stress b. Shearing Strain c. Shear Force d. Shearing Force

96. A high-strength steel strand or bar for prestressing concrete.

a. Reinforce Bar b. Cable c. Tendon d. Steel Wire

97. A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement.
a. Compound Column b. Spiral Column c. Tied Column d. Composite Column

98. Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.
a. Web Bar b. Top Bar c. Truss Bar d. Bottom Bar

99. The depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.
a. Effective Depth b. Bar Spacing c. Cover d. Bond Strength

100. A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength before the concrete in compression reaches its
assumed ultimate strain.
a. Ultimate Strength b. Overreinforced Section c. Underreinforced Section d. Balanced Section