Jasslyne D.

Gildo BSA 2-A

Module 1 Lesson 1:
Engage
Reflect on the importance of law in a democratic society.
1. In your own opinion, who is Rizal as a hero and as a person?
- Dr. José Rizal, the Philippines' national hero, is revered not only for having
intellectual brilliance, but also for standing up and opposing the colonial
government of Spain. While a revolution to overthrow dictatorship was sparked
by his death, Rizal will always be remembered for his compassion for the Filipino
people and the world. Rizal is a person of brilliance, humanity, bravery,
patriotism, and the Filipino people deeply remember and recognize him.
2. As a law-abiding citizen, what can you do to support the rule of law?
- As a law abiding citizen, what can we do to support to the rule of law is to follow
the basic rules and law. Then, we have to protest against any kind of disobedience
of law and order, according to our personal capabilities. We also need to spread
the awareness among the other people, to maintain the law and order as our
personal duties.
3. What do you think are the implications when the rule of law is eradicated?
- Our society could not operate properly. There would be no laws, rules or
regulations regarding the environment, traffic safety devices, or repair of streets
and roads. Sidewalks wouldn't be shoveled and open to the public. Crimes would
be committed, and there would be no punishment or rehabilitation. If the rule of
law is gone, what you have is the rule of the jungle. Whomever is the strongest
makes the rules.
Explore
Discuss your views or opinions on the following statements. Write your answers
in space provided. Minimum of 5 sentences and maximum of 7 sentences
1. Heroes are not born, they are made.
- I believe heroes are made not born. A hero, as I see it, would be someone who
puts themselves at great risk of death or severe bodily harm to save others.
Having said that, you cannot be a hero unless the opportunity presents itself. You
could have the right stuff but never be called upon to show it. Heroes are not
made. They are born out of circumstances and rise to the occasion when their
spirit can no longer coexist with the hypocrisy of injustice to others.
2. A public figure or a celebrity’s life is far more interesting than their
contributions in the society.
- A public figure or a celebrity's contributions in the society is what makes their
life interesting. Celebrities, despite being a public figure is still a normal person
like the rest of us. They may have certain privileges but they still live the way we
do, hence, I don't think their lives are far more interesting than their contributions
in the society.

Elaborate
1. Discuss your ideas/ opinions of Rizal’s works and the reason for being
considered a hero?
- Jose Rizal's writing, novels, and propaganda helped give many Filipinos the idea
and urge to become independent from Spain's rule. Jose Rizal is considered a hero
in the Philippines because of his patriotism and devotion towards his country, his
persuasive writing, novels and propaganda, and because of the significance of his
execution. Jose Rizal wrote about the tyrannical and unfair ways of the Spanish
government. Rizal's writing made the Filipino people realize the unjust way of
Spanish rule. He gave examples of how the Spanish caused suffering to their
people, and showed why reform must take effect.
Evaluate
Instructions: Choose two questions and explain briefly and intelligently. Cite
source/s that will help you justify your answers.
1. As a Law-abiding citizen, what can you do to uphold the rule of the law?
- Without rules which tell us what is right and what is wrong, what is
permitted and what is prohibited, we can not live together. The law
encourages men to live in harmony together. The law is the glue that
holds together civilization. And we know that if the rights of one man
are denied, the rights of us all are in danger. As a law abiding citizen,
what can we do to support to the rule of law is to follow the basic
rules and law. Then, we have to protest against any kind of
disobedience of law and order, according to our personal capabilities.
We also need to spread the awareness among the other people, to
maintain the law and order as our personal duties.

2. What do you think are the implications when the rule of law is eradicated?
- Imagine a hypothetical world where there is a collapse of the rule of
law. Plainclothes police officers shoot dead a man they say was
behaving suspiciously, but the police chief is obstructed by the
regular criminal investigation of the killing that would usually follow.
Legislation is passed conferring broad, ambiguous powers for
'promotion of national security' on government officials, although
public oversight of their use in ordinary courts is denied; challenges
to the scope and vagueness of these measures are met with answers
that can be trusted by the authorities to exercise their powers
equally. Officials are beginning to routinely disobey court orders.
Anonymous death-threats are issued from magistrates. High-
powered government officials lambaste independently-minded
judges. Without consistent official reaction, corporate land
developers bypass laws to preserve precious environmental areas.
Laws meant to protect workers in unsafe workplaces are commonly
flouted. There are commonplace bribes. For an honest, hardworking
entrepreneur, there is little security. For their crimes, certain
wrongdoers are punished, while others, seemingly well-connected,
are not. People are beginning to rely largely on officials' patronage or
mercy to obtain state-sponsored benefits. There is a free speech
clampdown: investigative journalists and editors are prosecuted for
stories that appear to expose corruption. The lawless brutality is
most chilling. There are no killers brought to book. Worse still, there
are reports that nameless officials are knocking at night on doors and
that people are vanishing.

That is what a society without the rule of law looks like. If the rule of
law is gone, what you have is the rule of the jungle. Whomever is the
strongest makes the rules.

( Why the rule of law matters. (n.d.). Retrieved February 07, 2021, from
https://worldjusticeproject.org/news/why-rule-law-matters )

Module 1 Lesson 2:
Engage
Answer the following questions in two to three sentences.
1. What were the most important economic changes in the Philippines during
the 19th century?
- The reforms were the abolition of trade in the Galleon and the opening in 1830
of the Philippines to foreign trade. There is an increase not only in the country's
economic activities and the entry of companies from other European countries,
but also in the entry of foreign ideas during that period, mainly through books
and other print media. The nullification of Moro's slave raiding activities has
contributed to the production of agricultural land in the Philippines and the
exploration of new frontiers.
2. How did these economic changes affect the lives of Filipinos during those
time?
- With the principalias and mestizo benefiting from the reforms, it produced a
shift in the social and economic class in the region, hence the consequent
emergence of local elite. However, the growth did not help bridge the divide
between the local elite and the country's poor and oppressed industries, rather it
led to numerous revolts during the early 19th century, such as the Basi Revolts in
Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte. The revolts showed that the divide between rich and
poor was not only directed against the Spanish authorities, but also against the
elite in the two provinces. A brief legal rationale for the search for equality was
created by the implementation of the Cadiz Constitution in 1812, because it was
specified in the document that all citizens of Spain, including those in the
colonies, were equal under the law.

Explore
Read each question/ statement carefully and answer intelligently.
1. In your opinion, why it is important to know the conditions during the time
of Rizal?
-In order for us to understand more about the life of Rizal and the context of his
works. The condition of our country under the colony of Spain is very crucial to
the nationalism of Rizal.
2. Is there a best government for the people? Justify your answer.
- No good government is universally accepted. The explanation is that the
structures of the government rely on the existing culture at certain point.
Democracy and monarchy is more appropriate to Americans and English than the
dictatorship of the party. The Chinese cannot support a democratic structure. It
really depends on the people of that community from the agreed perspective of
governance. As for me, democracy is the perfect government because it is built on
the dictum of human equality and dignity. Democratic structures designed to
motivate and preserve the balance of people.
Evaluate
Instructions: Answer the following questions in seven to ten sentences. Cite
source/s that will help you justify your answers.
1. The Spaniards also provided educational reforms especially in higher
education in the country. Universities in the Philippines such as Ateneo and the
University of Santo Thomas were required to provide secular courses to Filipinos.
How did education help in shaping the nationalistic consciousness of of Filipinos
during that time?
- A new social class, which became known as the Ilustrados, grew as a result of
the increase in the number of educated Filipinos. Traveling to Spain became
faster, simpler and more accessible along with the opening of the Suez Canal in
1869, and many Filipinos took advantage of it to continue higher education in
Spain and Europe. This enlightened a class of Filipinos who would later lead the
independence movement of the Philippines, using the Spanish language as their
primary mode of communication.

( Cirilo Gazzingan III Follow. (2016, July 08). The birth of a filipino national consciousness.
Retrieved February 07, 2021, from
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/CiriloGazzinganIII/rise-of-filipino-national-
consciousness )

2. Based on your personal assessment, how were these events in the 19th
century crucial to the formation of Rizal’s love for his country?
- At the time of the Spanish colony, Rizal saw the many injustices faced by his
fellow Filipinos. They relied on religious companies or large landlords, for land to
farm, or for their lives; people were afraid to voice their grievances or to speak
out or complain against the friars or the government; in short, there was no real
freedom of the press or expression. Most Filipinos lacked the luxury of education,
and its subsequent benefits, or if they had education, this was the obscurantist
kind usually propagated by the colonialist policy, which not only held Filipinos in
the dark about their rights, but worse, transformed them into an abject,
submissive people who were ignorant or worse, ashamed of their own proud
heritage, a legacy that even existed before the arrival of the Spaniards. This is
what probably the epiphany moment of Rizal which formed the love for his
country.

( For love of country. (2015, September 06). Retrieved February 07, 2021, from
https://nhcp.gov.ph/for-love-of-country/ )