Before-Reading Questions:

1. Why do you think it is important to know the history of public speaking?

 The history allows one to make more sense of the current world. If you are

intrigued to know how the art of public speaking has evolved over the

years then you should really consider studying history. It allows you to

have an in-depth knowledge and understanding about public speaking.

Studying the history of public speaking gives you more ways to express

yourself and communicate better with your audience.

2. How should speeches be organized? Why do you think so?

 To organize a speech one must include and follow the three main parts of

speech, Introduction, Body and Conclusion. It will be more enjoyable,

easier to understand and add credibility to both you and the speech itself.

It's important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently so that

the audience pays attention, understands the speech, and trusts the

speaker.

3. Do you think public speaking is important? Why or why not?

 Public speaking is important because it allows us to form connections,

influence decisions, and motivate change. Without communication skills,

the ability to progress in the working world and in life, itself, would be

nearly impossible. Public speaking has great personal benefits, such as

building self-esteem, honing critical thinking skills, and presenting

networking opportunities. Public speaking is one of the most important and

most dreaded forms of communication.

 Public speakers should be ethical because it will help to maintain your

credibility and reputation. To present a fair and accurate argument of your

thesis. To provide honest facts with integrity and without deception or

distortion.

5. Who are the people would you consider ethical speakers? Who are the speakers

you consider unethical? Explain your answers.

 Ethical speakers are ones who do not plagiarize their material or try to

pass off words and ideas from others as their own because an ethical

speakers do not deceive their audience and ethical speakers do not distort

or warp facts, or worse yet, disguise opinions as fact in order to argue

their thesis or make their point. An unethical speaker could be a person

that shuts down opposing views or attacks the character of the other

debater.

After-Reading Questions:

1. According to Corax, what are the three parts of a speech?

 According to Corax the three parts of speech are the introduction,

evidence, and conclusion where endured throughout the ages.

2. According to Aristotle, what components make a speech persuasive? Explain

these in your own words.

 According to Aristotle the components to make the speech persuasive are

logos (logical argument), pathos (emotional argument), ethos the

speaker’s character and credibility). Logical argument will help our speech
more efficient and effective. Critical thinking helps us to determine the

truth or validity of arguments. However, it also helps us to formulate strong

arguments for our speeches. An emotional appeal uses emotions as the

basis of an argument's position without factual evidence that logically

supports the major ideas endorsed by the presenter. In an emotional

appeal, persuasive language is used to develop the foundation of an

appeal to emotion-based arguments instead of facts. Ethos provides an

understanding for the importance that a speaker's credibility or character

has in establishing persuasion. With this components the speech will have

a great impact to the audience where the speech is a persuasive.

3. Why does Cicero believe you should use strategies to engage the audience? Do

you agree? Why or why not?

 Cicero believed that in order to prepare a speech, one should first think of

one’s listeners and their interests, and to use certain strategies, such as

using humor, questions to engage the audience. For me I agree to what

Cicero believed because it will help to make your audience listen to you

effectively. They will have an interest to the speech if they can relate to it

and the speech will be easily to deliver if we use some strategies.

4. What is Balagtasan? Why is it the most well-known Filipino public speaking

tradition?

 Balagtasan is Filipino form of debate done in verse. The term is derived

from the surname of Francisco Balagtas. The balagtasan was used by

Filipino writers and poets to express the most progressive and current
political ideas then and to comment on contemporary social issues. It is

the most well-known because Filipino public speaking tradition brings with

it the flamboyant, poetic manner that flourished under Spanish

colonization, and the simpler, methodical public speaking traditions of the

West.

5. What do you think is the most important component that makes a speech

persuasive? Why do you say so?

 I think the most important component that makes speech persuasive is

ethos. Ethos have the most important factors such as body language, the

willingness of the audience, and the environment in which the speech is

given, all affect the success of a persuasive speech.

6. What surprised you the most when you read the history? Why were you

Surprised?

 After reading the history of public speaking I was surprised by the all

information I have read. Especially by what Cicero believes which makes

me believe on him.

7. What is the difference between Western and Filipino public speaking traditions?

 The difference between Western and Filipino public speaking is that first

their English language they use or pronunciation of words. Western

country like Chile and Argentina they usually their English are "slang" and

sometimes difficult to understand especially us. While in Filipinos the way

of speaking English are very clear but sometimes Filipinos use borrowing

words or mix "Tagalog".

1. Why did he ask these questions?

 Late Senator Ninoy Aquino ask this question because he has seen how

Filipino suffered and died under the power of President Marcos when he is

in prison.

2. What is it about the Filipino people under martial law that prompts him to ask

these questions?

 On the time of martial law many Filipino people have suffered. They have

been fighting for their lives and especially the freedom that have deprive to

them that’s why he ask is the Filipino worth Dying For?

3. What does this tell us about how he felt about his experience, and how the

Filipino people were under martial law?

 This tell us that his experience is not easy the same as the Filipino under

the martial law. They cannot easily fight for what they are fighting for

because it is their leader who deprive it from them. Thinking that we are

living without freedom is the most miserable one. Freedom is the most

important in every living things because it is the only way to have peace in

everyone.