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    Thermodynamics Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Ruth
    This document provides 3 examples and 5 questions related to thermodynamics concepts. Example 1 calculates the number of particles, mass, and mass of each atom for a block of carbon-12. Example 2 determines that the temperature of rapidly expanding ammonia gas decreases by 14°C in an adiabatic process. Example 3 finds that the internal energy, work, and temperature change are 100J, -100J, and 0.002K respectively for a falling lead block. The questions test concepts like thermal equilibrium, the first law of thermodynamics, heat transfer direction, and using the first law to calculate temperature change for an expanding gas in an adiabatic process.

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    Thermodynamics Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Ruth
    578 views3 pages
    This document provides 3 examples and 5 questions related to thermodynamics concepts. Example 1 calculates the number of particles, mass, and mass of each atom for a block of carbon-12. Example 2 determines that the temperature of rapidly expanding ammonia gas decreases by 14°C in an adiabatic process. Example 3 finds that the internal energy, work, and temperature change are 100J, -100J, and 0.002K respectively for a falling lead block. The questions test concepts like thermal equilibrium, the first law of thermodynamics, heat transfer direction, and using the first law to calculate temperature change for an expanding gas in an adiabatic process.

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    Thermodynamics lesson 3

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    This document provides 3 examples and 5 questions related to thermodynamics concepts. Example 1 calculates the number of particles, mass, and mass of each atom for a block of carbon-12. Example 2 determines that the temperature of rapidly expanding ammonia gas decreases by 14°C in an adiabatic process. Example 3 finds that the internal energy, work, and temperature change are 100J, -100J, and 0.002K respectively for a falling lead block. The questions test concepts like thermal equilibrium, the first law of thermodynamics, heat transfer direction, and using the first law to calculate temperature change for an expanding gas in an adiabatic process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    578 views3 pages

    Thermodynamics Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Ruth
    This document provides 3 examples and 5 questions related to thermodynamics concepts. Example 1 calculates the number of particles, mass, and mass of each atom for a block of carbon-12. Example 2 determines that the temperature of rapidly expanding ammonia gas decreases by 14°C in an adiabatic process. Example 3 finds that the internal energy, work, and temperature change are 100J, -100J, and 0.002K respectively for a falling lead block. The questions test concepts like thermal equilibrium, the first law of thermodynamics, heat transfer direction, and using the first law to calculate temperature change for an expanding gas in an adiabatic process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    LESSON-3

    EXAMPLE AND EXERCISE ON LESSON-1 AND LESSON-2


    Example-1: - A block of Carbon-12 contains 4.2mol Particles. Calculate:
    a) The number of particles in the block
    b) The mass of the block
    c) The mass of each carbon-12 atom
    Solution:-
     Molar mass of pure carbon is 12gram = 1.2X kg
    23
     NA = Avogadro number = 6.02X10 Particle/mole
    a) N = nNA
    N = 4.2moleX6.02X1023particle/mole
    N = 2.5X1024Particles
    b) m = nM
    m = 4.2X1.2X
    m= 0.05kg

    c) mp(mass of single atom) = =


    mp = 2.0X10-26kg
    Example-2:- Imagine ammonia gas expanding rapidly within a cylinder forcing a
    frictionless piston to move a distance of 5cm, as shown in the fig. The process is isobaric,
    that is, the pressure of the gas remains constant, at 130Kpa. The mass of the gas is
    650mg and the area of the piston in contact with the gas is 3X10-3m2. What happens to
    the temperature of the gas? (Specific heat capacity of ammonia at constant pressure =
    2.2KJ/KgK)
    Solution:-
     Rapid or quick process is adiabatic process ,because it is rapid process
    so no transfer of thermal energy
     Use first law of thermodynamics
    = +P
    = A = 3X m2 X 5X m = 1.5X m3
    = zero, because it is adiabatic process
    = 130X103paX 1.5X m3
    = 19.5J, but it should be negative because the gas expands, that
    is, energy transferred from the system to the
    environment.
    = -19.5J
    = -19.5J, but = mc
    = =

    = -14K that is the temperature of the gas decrease by 14K or


    by140C
    Example-3: - A lump of lead with mass 0.5Kg is dropped from a height of 20m onto a hard
    surface. It does not rebound but remains there at rest for a longer period of time.
    What are:-
    a) b) c) for the lead during this period of time
    d) What is the temperature change in the lead immediately after the
    impact? (Specific heat capacity of lead = 128KJ/KgK)
    Solution: - For question (a) up to question (c)
     A longer period of time is to mean the process is isothermal process
    that is the temperature is constant and this is to mean no change in
    internal energy.
    So = 0 answer for question c)
     use first law of thermodynamic
    = +
    0= + mgh
    0= + 0.5kgX 10m/sec2X20m
    0= +100J
    So = 100J answer for question b)
    0= +100J
    So = -100J answer for question a)
    For question d), the process is adiabatic because the question is
    immediately after the impact (rapid process)
     use first law of thermodynamic
    = +
    = 100J
    = mc
    = =

    = 0.002K
    Homework or Activity from entrance exam.
    1. Two bodies that are separately in thermal equilibrium with third body must be in
    thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement is statement of:
    a) The first law of thermodynamics.
    b) The zeroth law of thermodynamics.
    c) The second law of thermodynamics.
    d) The third law of thermodynamics.
    2. If the internal energy of the system decreases, then what can be concluded about
    the heat and the work done?
    a) Heat is added to the system and work is done by the system
    b) Heat is removed from the system and work is done by the system.
    c) Heat is removed from the system and work is done on the system.
    d) Heat is added to the system and work is done on the system.
    3. If a thermodynamic system undergoes a process in which its internal energy
    increased by 400J while doing 200J of work on its surrounding, then what is the
    energy absorbed in or extracted from it in the form of heat?
    a) -600J b) -200J c) 600J d) 200J
    4. The direction of heat flow is from:
    a) High temperature to low temperature.
    b) High pressure to low pressure.
    c) High density to low density.
    d) A point of higher emissivity to lower one.
    5. External force of 220N applied on a piston of a cylinder containing 1.25g of
    ammonia gas move 10cm as shown in the diagram below. Assuming adiabatic
    process, what is the rise in temperature of the gas? ( specific heat capacity of
    ammonia, C = 2200J/KgK)

    F =220N

    10cm
    a) 4K b) 0.008K c) 0.004K d) 8K

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