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Chapter - 1

Thesis investigation

This chapter presents an introduction to the thesis.

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“Time alters understanding and blurs memory; architecture remains”

- Cohn, David. “between earth and sky”

Remembering is a vital activity that gives identity to our past and defines our present. Memory
is of selective nature: a complex system between oblivion and memory. Personal and social
memories are always subject to construction and negotiations. They are blurred and imperfect,
not permanent. In modern societies collective memory is negotiated in the values, beliefs,
rituals and institution of the social body

“There is always a constant battle between memory and forgetting: what most terrifies us
about death is not the loss of future but the loss of past.” May be because of this reason the
people in the past came up with the concept of the memorial. And from the beginning
architecture has been the preferred medium to memorialize the past events.

From the construction of huge Pyramids in Egypt to Taj Mahal in India all has been constructed
in memory of their beloved ones. These memorials make the visitors see, feel and experience
about the past. They are there for generations to come and thus convey their message till it
stands.

In order to gain and explore more about the memorials this research has been performed.

INTRODUCTION
A memorial is a structure erected to commemorate persons or events. The memorial in fact is
an object which tries to focus on a memory of some particular thing. The history, philosophies
and doctrines of a society are all stored in a memorial. Memorials are generally built to link the
present with the past. As we know that a memorial is an intangible thing so in memorial it
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becomes a tangible thing that can be looked upon and where those memories good or bad can
be experienced by the present generation. So in the memorial all those experiences can be
captured.
Memorials have been the part of the human society ever since the civilization has come into
being. They have been existing in terms of one or the other built form. The build of huge
pyramids in Egypt, the beautiful Taj Mahal in India, various megalithic monuments are all
memorials. They all try to grab the memory of some beloved ones, the occurrence of some
wonderful or devastating events in the history. Memorials are also linked with architecture as it
is the path which tries its best way possible to turn the memory into the built form.
Architecture has long been the preferred medium with which to publicly memorialize any
events or persons. The memorials are associated and attached with emotions and sentiments
that belong to particular event. And a memorial tries to address such emotions and sentiments
felt by the people.
The building of memorials today are unlike many other architectural projects in that it is the
architecture that becomes the centerpiece, not merely the container to house the artifacts of
memory. The memorial is a place that is filled and charged with memory, a place that
challenges its visitors to revisit an event which perhaps scarred and touched them and find new
meaning and perhaps peace. The power of a true memorial is its ability to create a place in
which the memories of countless individuals with a varying attachment to the event can exist
simultaneously. A memorial is able to combine a diverse program which is concerned with the
needs of several groups of people. As author James Young explains, “. . . it is not that we are
sharing a common memory, it is that we are sharing a common place of memory.” The client
becomes not only the group concerned with the construction and costing of the project, but
also the victims, the survivors, the heroes, those who were there and forever changed by the
event and those who may have never had any prior knowledge of it. By creating a place which is
both universal and specific, a place which serves to educate and heal, a place that remembers
not only the history of the event, but its victims, heroes, and survivors, the memorial can
become a valuable setting for the individual, and an integral part of the community as a whole.

MEMORIAL TYPOLOGY
(a). FORM AND SYMBOLISM
The memorials of this type are characteristics of form and symbolism. These types of
monuments use symbols which may be simple to chaotic. The meanings reflected by the
elements create a sense of monumentality. Various forms like walls, pillars, arches might be
used to create a sense of monumentality and conveying message to the general public. The
memorials may also use inscriptions and also graphic method to transfer the meaning.
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Sites that utilize unifying and recognizable markers that embody important meanings are
monumental. Visitors to the Vietnam Memorial in Washington, D.C. recognize it as and refer to
it as the Wall. This long black reflective marble Wall is the core element of this site and has
58,226 names inscribed within it.

(b). LANDSCAPE
The second typology of the memorial is the landscape forms. The landscapes create the
narrative journey. There are paths, waypoints, monuments, symbols, and many other features,
that have got the meanings. The landscapes, thus created give the glimpse of narrative journey.
The landscape creates the series of events. These landscape forms tend to go further than non-
landscape monuments in facilitating a range of perceptual experiences and consequently of
moods at one memorial site. To the visitor, the landscapes evoke different emotions and
associations.
The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial at the National Mall is an excellent example of this
type. This memorial covers over 7 acres and utilizes distinct “rooms” to present the four terms
that Roosevelt served as President.

(c). HISTORICAL MARKER

The third type of the memorial is a historical marker. These sites exist at a site of primary
importance to the person or events being memorialized. Thus there is respect to the site as the
site itself speaks about the past and the lost ones. The ruins, the fragments, of the past tell a
story about that. A visitor can easily get the information through these real artifices. Those
fragments may be the ruins of the walls or even the house or the natural elements like trees,
the open field, and so on; those have really seen those events. These are the markers of the
past and the proofs of the past. These ruins make the site monument al. This does not
necessarily detract from the meaning of these memorials, but those that do exist where critical
events took place often have elevated importance to the meanings of that memorial and are
often considered inherently sacred.

WAYS OF CONVEYING MESSAGE

(a). DIDACTIC MEANING:

Didactic, as the word suggests, is related to conveying literal message. By literal we mean the
actual message it tries to convey without any interpretation. According to Webster Online
Dictionary the meaning of didactic is “intended primarily to instruct, intended to teach lesson”.
Memorials, in this case, depend upon the textual and direct message to convey their meaning.
The most common example is the use of Marker Stone in which description of the past are
inscribed.
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(b). INTERPRETIVE MEANING:

Memorials using this method for conveying message are more abstract and use metaphorical
symbols to convey the message. This concept of interpretive meaning of memorial came up
because the modern scholars thought that the traditional monuments were limiting the
meaning of the past with their self-aggrandizing figurative icons. Instead of guiding the visitors
these types of memorials give them freedom to make their own meaning of what they think of
the past. Memorials of such type use the abstract forms that give a jest of the incident and rest
is left on the visitors to interpret.

DEFINING OF MEMORIAL ARCHITECTURE

From the above introduction of the memorial architecture we tend to get a generalized
concept. In fact while dealing with memorial architecture we tend to come across various terms
which better describes the memorial architecture. Some of the words that we encounter have
been described below.

(a). Death
The first and the foremost word that we come upon is death. As defined by Oxford dictionary
death is the ending of life and also the destruction or permanent cessation of something.
“Death is also defined as the irreversible cessation of life and the imminent approach of death.
Death involves a complete change in the status of a living entity—the loss of its essential
characteristics.”2 Ideas about what constitutes death vary with different cultures and in
different epochs. In Western societies, death has traditionally been seen as the departure of
the soul from the body. In this tradition, the essence of being human is independent of physical
properties. Because the soul has no corporeal manifestation, its departure cannot be seen or
otherwise objectively determined; hence, in this tradition, the cessation of breathing has been
taken as the sign of death.
In modern times, death has been thought to occur when the vital functions cease—breathing
and circulation (as evidenced by the beating of the heart). This view has been challenged,
however, as medical advances have made it possible to sustain respiration and cardiac
functioning through mechanical means. Thus, more recently, the concept of brain death has
gained acceptance. In this view, the irreversible loss of brain activity is the sign that death has
occurred.

(b). Memory
“Memory is the faculty by which things are recalled to or kept in the mid or a recollection or
remembrance.”3 It is the memory which triggers the construction of a memorial. If there would
have been no memory than there would have been no building up of memorials. A memorial
tries to capture the sweet or bitter memories that are of outstanding or spectacular in
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character. There are lots of memories but all of them are not considered for the memorial it
should have some unique and acceptable characteristic to fulfill itself for being the memorial.
“Memory is a way of holding onto the things you love, the things you are, the things you never
want to lose”4 The above lines explains it all we want to hold a memory of only those things
which we love to see and want others to see. One of such ways is to have a memorial. The
some kind of history or identity of yourself which can be totally unique from others and the
things which you never want to lose, say the history of some civil war or something like that
that lays the foundation of a country.

(C). Monumentality
“Monumentality in architecture may be defined as a quality, a spiritual quality inherent in a
structure which conveys the feelings of its eternity, that it cannot be added or changed. We feel
that in the Parthenon, the recognized symbol of Greek civilization.”5 The above phrase tries to
explain the monumentality. It represents the quality and has its own identity because of which
it got the monumentality. The memorial which has been come up acts as a monument in itself.
The place and space where it is built tries to convey or has some sort of feeling of
monumentality. And the Parthenon provides that act of monumentality.

Monuments are human landmarks, which men have created as symbols for their ideals, for
their aims, and for their actions. They are intended to outlive the period, which originated
them, and constitute a heritage for future generations. As such, they form a link between the
past and the future. Monuments are the expression of man‟s highest cultural needs. They have
to satisfy the eternal demand of the people for translation of their collective force into symbols.
The most vital monuments are those which express the feeling and thinking of this collective
force - the people. Every bygone period which shaped a real cultural life, had the power and the
capacity to create these symbols. Monuments are, therefore, only possible in periods in which a
unifying consciousness and unifying culture exists. Periods, which exist for the moment, have
been unable to create lasting monuments.
The art historian Alois Riegl has observed, “A monument in its oldest and most original sense is
a human creation, erected for the specific purpose of keeping single human deeds or
events…alive in the mind of future generations.”6 Instead of a form, a shape, or an image,
monumentality may well be a quality: the quality that some places or objects have to make us
recall, evoke, think, and perceive something beyond them.

(d). Honor and respect

“An honor may be defined as high respect, glory, credit or reputation.”7 Some of the built
memorials try to convey the message of honor and respect to the one especially the soldiers or
some other persons who have done some sort of notable deed for the mankind. The deeds or
events which can never be forgotten or should not be forgotten by us. In showing honor and
respect to these departed souls we tend to honor and respect ourselves as well as we too
become aware about the past. Honor and respect are the things which we are not rewarded in
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a day or month. It takes several years to earn it and may take even beyond the life. As some of
the events andpersons are honored and respect after life when their invaluable contributions
are felt by the existing generation.

(e). Time
Another thing which we come across in memorial is time. The events or happenings which the
memorial tries to depict are the incident that happened in some period of time. In our life
basically we deal with time in terms of past, present and future. And each and everything in this
world revolves with time. The reality which we face is the present version of time. The
experiences which we have gone through and the periods which have been slipped by us is the
past. The one which is coming continuously in front of us and we are rather unknown about it is
the future.
Time, conscious experience of duration, the period during which an action or event occurs.
Time is also a dimension representing a succession of such actions or events. Time is one of the
fundamental quantities of the physical world, similar to length and mass in this respect. The
concept that time is a fourth dimension—on a par with the three dimensions of space: length,
width, and depth—are one of the foundations of modern physics. Time measurement involves
the establishment of a time scale in order to refer to the occurrence of events. The precise
determination of time rests on astronomical and atomic definitions that scientists have
established with the utmost mathematical exactness
Albert Einstein once said about time, “the past, present and future are only illusions, even if
stubborn ones”. 8
Time plays a vital role in our life. This turns an event, a person or some any other thing into a
memorial. Everything a person, an event or any such other thing becomes intangible so in a way
memorial becomes the path or way to remember those highly regarded incidents or persons.

(f). Light and darkness And God said, „Let there be light‟ and there was light. And God saw the
light, that it was good; And God divided the light from the Darkness
Light and darkness is the truth of life. It is associated with every field of life. In the morning
when the bright sun shines a new day begins with new enthusiasm and there is light
everywhere not only in terms of physical things which we are able to see but also in terms of
our feelings. It is filled with purity which is lighted. Also as the days begin to pass by the light
gets slowly over shadowed by the darkness and finally it gets totally dark. And the day which
started with light ends in darkness. Our emotions and feeling too may get dark.
“Architecture is the masterly, correct and magnificent play of masses brought together in light.
Our eyes are made to see forms in light; light and shade reveal these forms…”10 The memorials
in some way are subjected to light and darkness. The memorial tries to present the memory as
occurred in terms of light and darkness. Looking at the space created we are able to define the
type of memory it has tried to demonstrate.
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Memory has always been the key behind the construction of the memorials. Had there would
have been no memory probably there would have been no need of building a memorial. There
have been different ways of commemorating the lost ones or those who needs to be honored.
The memorials that we see around are mostly related to death and with death there comes the
silence and darkness; its presence may be felt around the site or inside of one‟s mind as it tries
to express the sadness, honor and respect to those lost ones. Time is another dimension which
is related with a memorial. As the time changes from present to past the incident occurred
changes to memory. Memorials possess the quality of eternity. Looking at the various
memorials studied it seems that the memorials are extraordinary places in the public realm
which tries to capture the memory of the past. In a way it tries to incorporate the history that
should not be forgotten by us. In the past memorials as monuments have served as markers of
territory, power, human achievement and actions. The presence of memorials like Shahid gate,
Bhugol Park and Sukra birch all has their own purpose. Shahid gate tries to take us to the past
and remind us about the sacrifice that was given by the martyrs for the democracy while
Bhugol Park reminds us of the huge earthquake and its effects. On the other hand Sukra birch is
the memorial where the tree that saw the incident of hanging the martyr was present. The
presence of all these memorials in busy areas seems to have added importance to its presence
in the area where it lies. Memorials should basically be an identity of a place. It should try to
depict all those intangible meanings which should be carried on from generation to generation.
Those intangible meanings are to be symbolized in some form of tangible form. These meanings
can be shown in different levels as per the situation Memorial architecture is not only meant to
represent the sympathy of the city or country towards a person or an event but it should also
inspire the public to move forward, to confront the past and allow it to affect how the collective
identity will address the future. In a way memorials are the structures or spaces which are
associated with the people in terms of their emotional, social, cultural and historical values. On the
whole it is important that cultural and memorial sites should continue to be built. These public
places allow groups of people to heal, to question, to understand, to discuss, and to remember.
Undoubtedly they always will be created, and hopefully they will be constructed in a way that
allows them to be deeply relevant and deeply meaningful to those that visit them and to those that
they represent.
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Chapter 2

Research
This chapter includes research work like case studies
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LITERATURE STUDY

1. ONLINE CASE STUDY

(A). NATIONAL MARTYRS MUSEUM

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ABOUT

Making a place to remember those who gave their lives for the country since independence in
1947 at the Rashtriya Sainika Smaraka at Bangalore began on our design boards sometime in late
2008 and broke ground in mid-2010.

Located on an arterial road of the city, the site gains visual prominence amidst busy
thoroughfares. In addition to isolating the site from the noise and pollution, the dense vegetation
becomes the foundation for the design of the National Martyr’s Memorial. The Memorial is
conceived as place of quiet remembrance and homage.
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SITE PLAN

The ceremonial path of commemoration begins at a series of plaques with the physical marking
of 21,763 martyr’s names and proceeds into a motivation hall that houses information of the
selfless and brave missions undertaken by our Martyr’s and ends at a 60’ high majestic flagpole
beside the august ‘Veeragallu’ (a symbolic stone that marks the heroic death of a warrior in
battle). Being one of the first projects of this nature undertaken by the state Government, it
aims at recognizing not only the servicemen of the state but of the entire country.
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With the intent of retaining an important green space within the city, the built form of the
motivational hall was designed to disappear into the ground. The structure below ground
meanders between the roots of the trees to preserve a large part of the vegetation. Of the 324
trees at site, only 4eucalyptus trees were removed to accommodate the structure while 40
trees were newly planted.

The Entrance to the motivation hall through a large open court 1 with amphitheater like steps is
the first of 5 courts that serve to provide ventilation and daylight into the underground structure.
In addition to the open courts, triangular skylights animate the space through the day. The hall
feels almost like a concrete bunker with the raw finishes of exposed concrete.

The project is a ‘ light touch on the ground’ within the trees. To remember the untimely loss of
precious life and in the absence of means, it can well be a lovingly patted mound of earth and a
living memorial.
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2. LIVE CASE STUDY

( a). VIRASAT-E-KHALSA

Client: Anandpur Sahib Foundation

Associate Architect: Ashok Dhawan Architects
Public Opening: Fall 2011
Total Area: 250,000 square feet
Total Cost: US $21 million
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The museum celebrates 500 years of the Sikh history and the 300th anniversary of the birth of
Khalsa, based on the scriptures written by the tenth and last human guru, Guru Gobind Singh.
Two hundred years later in Punjab at Anandpur Sahib, on the occasion of Baisakhi, the Tenth
Master, Guru Gobind Singh formally instituted the Khalsa Panth of saint-soldiers, an egalitarian
and distinctive social order, committed to peace, equality and justice for all. Today, on the site
of this epoch-making event stands the majestic Gurdwara Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib. April 1999
marked the Tercentenary year of the Birth of the Khalsa, an event celebrated all over the world.

The Khalsa Heritage Centre is a new museum of the Sikh people located in the holy town of
Anandpur Sahib, near Chandigarh, the capital of the state of Punjab. The museumcelebrates
five hundred years of Sikh history and the threehundredth anniversary of the Khalsa—the body
of peoplewho make up the Sikh faith—and the scriptures completedby the tenth and last guru,
Gobind [Link] with local sandstone and evoking the fortress citiesof Rajasthan, Gwalior,
and Punjab, the center acknowledgesthe Sikhs’ history as celebrated warriors. The upwardly
curving roofs of the museum’s towerlike galleries are covered in stainless steel, designed in
counterpoint to the rich tradition of gold domes that crown sacred Sikh buildings such as the
Golden Temple in Amritsar. Located on a 75-acre site overlooking the town of Anandpur
Sahib, the center is divided into two functionally integrated sets of buildings, which straddle a
ravine and connect via bridge. The western complex, adjacent to the town, is organized around
an entrance piazza and contains a 400-seat auditorium, a two-story library, and temporary
exhibition galleries. A 540-foot-long bridge from the western complex crosses a 7-acre network
of reflecting pools, providing access to the eastern complex, which houses permanent
exhibition space. The eastern complex consists of two clusters of undulating galleries that
reference the fortress architecture of the region and form a dramatic skyline against the
surrounding sand cliff terrain and Himalayan foothills in the distance.
The museum’s sandstone towers and reflective roofs represent earth and sky, mass and
lightness, depth and ascension, themes that further echo inside the galleries.
The buildings’ materials—a combination of concrete and local sandstone, with stainless steel
roof forms—stand up to Punjab’s extreme weather conditions.
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Conceptual Sketch

Detailed Sectio
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Gallery Secton-1
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Floor Plan East

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Site Plan
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Floor Plan West

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Gallery Section-2
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(b). JUNG E AZADI MEMORIAL

PROJECT- JANG E AZADI

STATUS- COMPLETE
LOCATION- KARTARPUR,(National Highway-1)PUNJAB
CLIENT- DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS, PUNJAB
AREA- 25 ACRE

ARCHITECT : RAJ REWAL

Foundation stone : Octuber 2014

Time period : 3 years

Project cost: 200 Cr

Foot fall : 8000-10000

Parking : 600 car and 6-7 buses

The concept of the Jang-e-Azadi Memorial and Museum is based on a circular enclosure which
houses the focal centre of the memorial and integrates it with a harmonious ensemble of
galleries amplifying the struggle and sacrifice for freedom around a ceremonial path. The
components like auditorium, library and restaurant have been conceived as autonomous units
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so as to function independently. The aim was to design a lively museum which involves not only
the surrounding community but also an important place for tourists.

The Zang-e-Azadi Memorial comprises number of well-equipped galleries to portray various

movements of the freedom struggle. The other components include a 45-metre-high tower
known as 'Shaheed-e-Minar', a 1000-seat open-air-theatre, a 150-seat movie hall, a 300-seat
auditorium, library besides research and seminar halls

MEMORIAL ICON
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 Height = 139 Ft
 Diameter = 93 Ft
 Gallery Ht. =32 Ft
 Main Iconic Structure Of The Site
 Material Used Is Kota Marble And Sand Stone
 It Will House Statue Of About 10 Martyrs, Having A Huge Atrium With Spacious Gallery Equiped
With Light

ENTRANCE GATE
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SHAHID E MINAR

 WIDE CENTRAL SPACE AVAILABLE

 CENTALISE LIGHTIN AND VENTILATION.
 RAMP AND STAIRS TO CONNECT THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURE.
 CENTALISE O.A.T TO SHOWCASE DAILY CULTURAL PROGRAM.
 CAPACITY : 1000 PERSONS
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PARKING
 5 ACRE OF LAND IS PROPOSED FOR OPEN PARKING.
 IN FRONT OF MAIN ENTRANCE ICON.
 CURRENTLY UNDERCONSTRUCTION.

Chapter 3

Project Introduction
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This chapter defines the scope of the project, its profile and all the functional parameters. It
presents the area program of the project along with the analysis of its components.

SHAURYASTAN: The Martyr’s Memorial and Peace center

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Shaurya smarak is defined as 'semi-formal' places of learning which collect, display and interpret
artefacts of some sort for educational purposes and Peace centre is for mentally rest. This study
paper focuses on collections-based smarak, as distinct from 'science centres, which utilise
interactive exhibits to illustrate culture. In the emergence of Modern structure, Siegel defines
this as. ‘A collection of repository of rare and curious things in nature and art, arranged for the
purposes of study’.

AIM:
To develop a space which is dedicated for “Shaheed” and contain a peace centre for public in a
city in a natural environment and to create awareness about the importance of the soldiers and
value of their contribution for our motherland.

OBJECTIVE:
 To study various components of military.
 To study the site requirement and environment requirement of a memorial.
 To study the circulation in a memorial.
 To provide learning atmosphere to the visitors.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:

 The thesis provides an opportunity to generate a precinct that combines history and the
contemporary.
 The focus of the project will be more on planning perspective, functionality, transitional
spaces.
 Design a democratic place where public not only comes for visiting the gallery or the
memorial but also for leisure activities.
 This will help involving people unknowingly in an environment for art forms to flourish.
DESIGN STRATEGY
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 Understanding the design strategies and construction technique for a center which is a
blend of art and engineering
 To create center for public
 Incorporating the above studied relationships into design
 To understand the site and to visually determine what spaces could be placed where in
the site for better movement pattern in the site
 To study the climatic consideration to be taken in this climatic zone
 To study the site orientation and how the buildings could be placed according to the sun
path and wind path
 To study the flow of the traffic w.r.t. site to provide the entrance
 To understand how flora and fauna can be used while landscaping.

METHODOLOGY
Essential academic steps conducted during the study are simply pointed out as shown below.

1. PRELIMINARY STAGE:
(A) Collection of data and information relevant to the project.
(i) From various government and non-government authorities.
(ii) Reference from library and internet
(iii) Interview with the Army persons.
(B) Visit proposed site
(C) Site analysis
(i) Site parameter field visits and study
(ii) Data required for site planning shall be recorded diligently
(iii) Soil investigation
(iv) Assessment of locally available construction materials.
(v) Funtional parameter relevant to the design according to the user requrimrnt
(vi) Planning and design paramenters deals with planning code and design code.
(vii) Climatic analysis
(viii) Traffic flow analysis
(ix) Weather, fire and damp resistances.
(x) Thermal insulation.
(D) Empirical Enquiry
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(i) Field case study

(ii) Library case study
(iii) Internal case study. After collection all the data from the preliminary stage, the
proposed requirement of the design was formulated based on all above studies.
Form the above preliminary stage the size, shape and function of the particular
element of the whole project was determined.
2. SECONDARY STAGE:
A. Planning
(a) Development of master plan
(i) Conceptual planning of site.
(ii) Traffic Managemnet and Parking
(b) Conceptual design of building
(i) General layout of building as per requirement
B. Building
(a) General layout/arrangement
(b) Architectural plans/elevation/sections
(c) Perspective views/model.

Design Brief.
Surat Municipal Corporation SMC plans to build a Shahid Smarak at an estimated cost of Rs 50
core on 88,000 square meter of land in Vesu-Rundh-Magdalla area of the city. Construction
would only be on 7 percent area at Shahid Smarak, Which seeks to commemorate the Indian
armed forces, martyrs and freedom fighters of the country.

The smarak would display arms and ammunition besides models of aircrafts, missiles,
submarines, tanks, aircrafts carriers of the Indian armed forces. It would also have an obelisk
for martyrs and galleries dedicated to personalities of Indian army, winners of gallantry awards,
and important battles in Indian History etc.

There is also plan to have a peace center and a yoga center at Shahid Smarak, which will
sensitize people about the role Indian armed forces play to keep the country united from
threats posed by inimical forces. Besides Knowing about the activities of Indian armed forces
from Shahid Smarak, people can use its green space for walking and doing meditation etc.
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Also have a Museum and audio, visual and tourch effect display space at the premises. There
would be wings dedicated to military personnel, freedom fighters and dignitaries from different
fields, who has contributed for the country’s development.”

Features: Entrance Plaza, Shaurya dwar, Unity square, Display Gallery, Indian Army Gallery,
Indian Pre-Independence gallery, Indian Civilian Gallery, Axis of time, memory square, Shahid
stambha, Open space for mediation, Amphitheatre, organic pond, Peace park, auditorium And
Veer Smruti Bhavan
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CHPTER 4- SITE INFORMATION

This chapter defines the selected site. It presents information about the city,
precinct, neighborhood and immediate surroundings. It also presents the
integrated reading of all the components presented in the previous chapter.
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Surat:
Surat is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It used to be a large seaport and is now a center
for diamond cutting and polishing. It is the eighth largest city and ninth largest urban
agglomeration in India. It is the administrative capital of the Surat district. The city is located
284 kilometres (176 mi) south of the state capital, Gandhinagar; 265 kilometres (165 mi) south
of Ahmedabad; and 289 kilometres (180 mi) north of Mumbai. The city centre is located on
the Tapti River, close to Arabian Sea

Demographics
According to the 2011 India census, the population of Surat is 4,462,002. Surat has an average
literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 79.5%: male literacy is 93%, and female
literacy is 84%.

Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. In Surat, 13% of the population is
under 6 years of age.

Geography
Surat is a port city situated on the banks of the Tapi river. Damming of the Tapi caused the
original port facilities to close; the nearest port is now in the Magadalla and Hazira area of Surat
Metropolitan Region. The city is located at 21°10′N 72°50′E.[23] It has an average elevation of
13 meters. The Surat district is surrounded by the Bharuch, Narmada, Navsari, to the west is
the Gulf of Cambay and the surrounding districts. The climate is tropical and monsoon rainfall is
abundant (about 2,500 mm a year). According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls
under seismic zone-III, in a scale of I to V (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes)
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Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) plans to construct a 'Shahid Smark' (martyr's memorial) in
Athwa zone.
SMC had proposed the project on New VIP Road a couple of months in the past over feasibility
problems.
The new project is likely to arise on 80,000 sq.m land in the back of Siddhivinayak temple on
Vesu-Abhva Road.
"The idea is to develop this spot as an iconic place as not many cities have such memorial
where pre and post-independence martyrs of India are given their due," an SMC official said.
The project comprises different museum blocks for civilians and martyrs with a section on pre
and publish Indian independence warfare historical past.
SMC has additionally deliberate a gallery, amphitheatre, auditoriums, peace centres in
conjunction with a inexperienced landscape

SITE LOCATION

Surat Airport: 5.8 km.

Railway Station: 12 km.
Bus Station: 3.8 km
BRTS: 100m.
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DRAFT T.P. [Link] 29 (VESU-RUNDH-MAGDALLA) SURAT, GUJARAT

TOTAL PLOT AREA : 10.16 acre.

LINKAGE:
WEST SIDE ROAD (MAHRANA PRATAP ROAD):21.5 m. (including divider)
EAST SIDE ROAD (VESU MAIN ROAD): 24.5 m. (including divider)
SOUTH SIDE ROAD : 12 m.

SITE SURROUNDINGS
-RAJHANS CINEMA
-CITY PLUS MALL
-KHAJOD LAKE
-AMAAZIA WATER PARK
-VEER NARMAD SOUTH
GUJRAT UNIVERCITY
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CLIMATE STUDY
Surat has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw), moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of
Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest
months, the average maximum temperature being 37 °C (99 °F). Monsoon begins in late June
and the city receives about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain by the end of September, with the
average maximum being 32 °C (90 °F) during those months. October and November see the
retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in
December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around 23 °C (73 °F),
and negligible rain.
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SOIL TYPE AND SOIL CONDITION

Dominantly the Soils are very deep, well drained and fine and medium textured. They are
slightly alkaline, slight to strong saline. The Soil characteristics like Soil depth, Soil texture, Soil
drainage, Soil Salinity and Sodicity District wise is mapped characteristic.

VEGETATION
The area covered is mainly Surat city and its outskirts, including the neighbouring coastal
regions of the Chorasi tsluka,
The natural vegetation is seen along the banks of river Tapi and Mindhola. The estuarine tracts,
adjoining the coastal-line, support strand vegetation. There are number of ponds, puddles,
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roadside ditches^ which exhibit aquatic vegetation. The river banks show typical zonations of
vegetation on elevated banks. The vegetation shows'the seasonal variations. During the dry
months of summer, one can find dried remnants of plants or stunted forms of drought resisting
species. The soil is devoid of any ground cover, but a marked change is induced by the
monsoon. A number of Kharif and R'abi weeds are recorded along with different crop plants.

SITE CONTENT
The enclosed Bye-law namely contained in clause (m) of sub-section (2) of section 12 and clause
(c) of subsection (2) of section 13 of the Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development 1976,
the Surat Urban Development Authority hereby makes the following regulation.

Setback for the Plot area > 4000 sq.m. : Front- 15m, Rear and side 9m

F.A.R.: 1

Maximum Ground Coverage: 30% of the total site

Permissible Length: 100m

Parking:

Maximum width of the approach road: 12m

Distance Between two buildings : 3m ( additional of 1m with every meter increase in height)

BY-LAWS
GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

ELEVATORS (LIFTS)

A lift shall be provided in all buildings as prescribed hereunder:

(i) In case of Building having height more than 30.0 mts from ground level, lift shall be
provided.
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(ii) Lift shall be provided at the rate of one lift for 20 tenements of all the floors, or part
thereof for residential buildings and at the rate of one lift per 1000.00 [Link]. or
part thereof of builtup area for non-residential buildings. The tenement and built-up
area on ground floor and two upper floors shall be excluded in computing the above
requirement. Lift shall be provided from ground floor and shall have minimum
capacity of six persons. On the basis of detailed calculations based on the relevant
provisions of National Building Code, the number of lifts can be varied
(iii) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Development Control Regulations in case
of building with 21 meters or more in height, at least two lifts shall be provided.

FIRE PROTECTIONS:
In case of high rise buildings, the following provision shall be made for safety of buildings from
fire;-
(i) In addition to the requirement under Regulation No.16.1 at least one lift designed as
fire-lift as defined in the National Building Code shall be installed.
(ii) At least one stair-case shall be provided as a fire staircase as defined in the National
Building Code. Provided that this shall not be applicable if any two sides of a
staircase are kept totally open to external open air space.
(iii) Water Supply: Underground tank as specified in recommendation of expert
committee on fire safety, as fire tank, shall be provided.
(iv) In high rise buildings, the internal fire hydrants shall be installed as provided in the
National Building Code or as prescribed in the Indian Standard Code of practice for
installation of internal fire hydrants in high rise buildings. The detailed plan showing
the arrangement of pipe lines, booster pumps and water-tanks at various levels shall
be submitted for approval of the concerned authority along with the plans and
sections of the buildings.
(v) In case of high rise buildings, an external fire hydrant shall be provided within the
confines of the site of the building and shall be connected with Municipal Water
mains not less than 4" in diameter. In addition, fire hydrant shall be connected with
Booster Pump from the static supply maintained on site.
(vi) In case of high rise buildings separate electric circuits for lift installation, lighting of
passages, corridors and stairs and for internal fire hydrant system shall be provided.
(vii) All the requirements under the above regulations/ shall be clearly indicated on plans
duly signed by the owner and the person who has prepared the plans. The
Competent Authority may direct the owner to submit such further drawings as may
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be necessary, to clarify the implementation of the provisions of the above

regulations/.
(viii) Every building having a height of more than 25 Mts. shall be provided with diesel
generators which can be utilized in case of failure of the electricity.
(ix) The standard of National Building Code must be adopted fully in providing stair-case
and alarm system.
(x) There should be Provision of dry-powder, fire extinguisher to the extent of two on
each floor with a capacity of 5 kgs. in all the high rise buildings.

SAFETY OF BUILDINGS:
(1) All external walls shall be as per the provisions of National Building code and I.S.
Specifications.
(2) The thickness of the load bearing walls in the case of masonry walled building shall be as
under:
Building with Thickness of wall On G.F. On F.F. On. S.F. On. T.F.
Ground + One floor 23 cm
Ground + Two floors 23 cm
Ground + Three floors. 35 cm

In case of cellars the external walls shall be of R.C.C. only and it shall have minimum
thickness of 23 cms. or 45 cms. brickwork in case of brickwork.

(3). Subject to any of the above regulations every person who undertakes construction
of a building and/or who designs the structural member of the building shall comply
with the provisions of National Building Code prevailing at the relevant time or the
provisions of the Indian Standard Specifications published from time to time.
(4). Every person who undertakes the construction work on a building or directs or
supervises such works shall be responsible and shall ensure use of sound and good
quality building materials, properly put together for optimum safety. He shall be liable
for all consequences arising out of breach of this regulations.

PLINTH :
(a) Habitable rooms shall have minimum plinth height of 0.45mt from ground level.
(b) Parking garage may have no plinth.
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(c) Provided that the ground floor of a building may be permitted on stilts/pillars instead of a
solid plinth with a clear height of 2.4 Mts. in case of slabs with beams height should not exceed
2.8 mts. and further that this space shall at all times be kept free from any enclosure except for
genuine stair-case.
Provided further that a electric meter room, room for telephone D.B.; bath-room, water-room,
stair-case room, pump room, water closet, servant room, security cabin may be permitted
subject to maximum built-up area of 15sq. mts. allowed with a minimum plinth 30cms and this
area shall not be considered towards computation of F.S.I.

HEIGHT OF FLOORS:
Minimum height of floors in building at any point shall be 2.8 Mts. for residential and
commercial uses and 3 meters or as per Factory Act or other relevant Act in case ground floor
and upper-floors in a building used for offices for ancillary uses of factories, workshops,
godowns and other industrial purposes.
Provided that in case of folded roof the minimum height of 3.0 Mts. shall be measured from the
lowest point of the fold.
Provided that in case of gabled or slopping roof the minimum height below the lowest part of
roof, shall not be less than 2.2 Mts. and an average height of the rooms shall not be less than
the minimum prescribed here above.
Provided further that in case of trussed-roof, the minimum height shall be measured from the
pavement to bottom of the tie beam Provided that for verandah, Bathroom, W.C., passages,
puja room, store room, stair cabin, minimum height of 2.00 mts.

STAIRS, LIFTS, LOBBIES AND CORRIDOR

The width of lobbies or corridors in building shall be as under:

(a) In case of residential and non-residential building except individual detached building
minimum clear width of corridor shall be as under:
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NOTE:-
(i) For every additional 9.00 mts. length or part there of the width of corridor shall be
increased by 0.30 mts. upto a maximum of 3.00 mts.
(ii) In case of starred hotels, the width of the corridor shall be as per the authorized
standards of the starred hotels.
(b) whereas in case of residential dwelling unit occupied by single family and
constructed upto three floors width of the stairs shall not be less than 1.0 mtr.
(c) In case of all non-residential and high rise residential buildings, the clear width of
stair and lending exclusive of parapet shall not be less than 1.5 Mts.
(d) Minimum stair width for more than 6 tenements on each floor shall be 1.5 Mts.
(e) The stair-case & lifts (elevators) shall be so located that it shall be within accessible
distance of not more than 25 Mts. from any entrance of tenement or an office provided
on each floor.
(f) The design of the lift & stair along with the tread and riser shall comply with the
provisions of the National Building Code for that class of building.
(g) No winders shall be allowed except in case of individual dwelling unit.

SANITARY ACCOMMODATION:
All the buildings when erected or re-erected from foundation or when additions to the
floors are made shall be provided with minimum sanitary accommodation.
(a) In the case of use of building as office and public building except cinemas, theatres,
meetings and lecture halls, minimum sanitary facilities should be provided as under:
(i) Every office building or public building shall be provided with at least one water
closet.
(ii) Water closets shall be provided for each sex and the number of such water closets
for each sex shall in every case be based upon the maximum number likely to occupy
such building at any one time.
(iii)One urinal shall be provided for every 25 males or part thereof and one urinal for
every 25 females or part thereof upto 100 persons. For any number exceeding 100, one
urinal for every 50 persons shall be provided.
(iv) There shall be provided one water-closet for every 50 persons of each sex or part
thereof upto 500 persons and for excess over 500, one water closet for every 100
persons of each sex or part thereof shall be provided. However, if the total number
of employees in sucha building or the number of persons likely to use such building
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does not exceed 20. one water-closet each for both sexes shall be sufficient and no
urinal may be provided.
(V)The building shall be deemed to be occupied by persons or employees at the rate
of one per every 5 square metres of the floor area and sanitary facilities shall be
provided according to the number of employees or occupants so worked out.
(vi) Such water-closet and urinals shall be in an accessible location and shall be
provided with signs plainly indicating their purposes and the sex for which they are
meant.

STAIRWAY
Stairway shall confirm to the following provisions in addition to items (i) to (vii) below.
In addition, in order to satisfy fire fighting requirements any stairway identified as an
exit stairway shall confirm to the requirement stippled in fire protection regulations
provided in these regulations.
Width:-The minimum width of a staircase other than a fire escape shall be as given in
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Table here under:

(i) Flight :-No flight shall contain more than 12 risers, but in residential
buildings, in narrow plots and in high density Housing a single flight staircase
may be permitted.
(ii) Risers :- The maximum height of a riser shall be 19 cm. in a residential
building and 16 cm. in any other occupancy. However, on an internal
stairway within a dwelling unit a riser may be 25 cm. high.
(iii) Treads :- The minimum width of the tread without nosing shall be 25 cm. for
staircase of a residential building, other than fire escapes. In other
occupancies the minimum width of the tread shall be 30 cm. It shall have a
non-slippery finish and shall be maintained in that fashion.
(iv) Head room :- The minimum head room in a passage under the landing of a
staircase under the staircase shall be 2.2 m
(v) Floor indicator :- The number of each floor shall be conspicuously painted in
figures at least 15 cm. large on the wall facing the fight of a stairway or at
such suitable place as is distinctly visible from the fights.
(vi) Hand Rail :- Hand rail a minimum height of 0.9 m. from the centre of the
tread shall be provided.

RAMPS
(1) Ramps for pedestrians:
(a) General: - The provisions applicable to stairway shall generally apply to ramps. A
ramp in a hospital shall not be less than 2.25 Mts. wide in addition to satisfy the
firefighting requirements,
(b) Slope: - A ramp shall have slope of not more than 1:10, it shall be of non-slippery
material.
(c) Handrail: - A handrail shall be provided on both the sides of the ramp.
(2) Ramps for handicapped people: - The provision of the ramp with a handrail to
every public building on ground floor only as compulsory for handicapped people, as
per the revised National Building Code.
(3) Ramp for basement or storied parking :- For parking spaces in a basement and
upper at least two ramps of adequate width and slope shall be provided preferably
at the opposite and such ramps may be permitted in the side and rear marginal
open spaces, after leaving sufficient space for movement of firefighting equipment’s.

DISCHARGE OF RAIN WATER:

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No roof or terrace abutting on a public street shall be constructed without providing

sufficient number of down take pipes and such pipes shall be so fixed as to discharge
the rain water at a level not higher than 0.6 meter above the street level.

SPECIAL STRUCTURE
Regulations for Cinemas, theatres, meeting halls, lecture halls and town-halls. In
addition to the requirements specified under Building Regulations, the following
regulations shall also be applicable.
(a) Location: The building for the above purpose shall be located directly on a road
of 18 mts. or more in width either existing or proposed subject to other regulations.

(b) Open Spaces: In case of above uses, open spaces shall be provided as under:
Front open space of 12 mts. width from the side abutting on the road shall be
provided. Such open spaces may be permitted to be covered up to 6mts. from the
building line with a projected cantilever structure at a height of not less than 3.00
mts. from the ground level. Sides and rear open spaces of 6 mts. width shall be
provided. In addition to the above, the Bombay Cinema Rules adopted by the State
Govt. for cinemas and Janta theatres as amended from time to time, will also be
applicable.
(c) Minimum Requirements: The following requirement shall be provided:
(i) The aggregate area of foyer exclusive of all passages shall be provided at every
sitting-level at the rate of 0.1 [Link] seat at that level, subject to minimum foyer
width of 4.5 mts.
(ii) Entry and exit passages of minimum 3 meters width shall be provided.
(iii)Water-room and snack-bar shall be provided. (iv)The booking-office shall always
be so located that intending purchasers of tickets have not to queue up in open
space.
(d) Plinth: The plinth shall be measured at the foyer level and it shall not be less than
45 cms.
(e) Corridor: No landing, lobby, corridor or passage, not being an internal passage
between and/or across rows of seats, intended for use as an exit; shall be less than 3
meters in width and there shall be no recess or projections in the walls of such
passages or corridors within 1.8mts. of the ground.
(f) Doors: The auditorium doors shall be provided at the rate of not less than one
door of a dimension of 1.5 meters in width and 2.1 meters in clear height for every
150 seats or part thereof. All outside doors for the use of the public shall be made to
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open outwards and in such manner that when opened, they shall not obstruct any
gangway, passage, stairway or landing. These doors shall be provided in such a way
that they open in aisles or cross-aisles provided under these Regulations.
(g) Balcony, its height, floor of an auditorium and arrangement of seats:
(i) The height of the bottom balcony of the gallery shall not be less than 3 meters
from the floor of the auditorium.
(ii) The clear distance between the backs of two successive rows shall not be less
than 100 cms. but for seats with rocking backs it may be 90 cms.
(iii) The minimum width of balcony steps shall be 80 cms. Provided that for the front
and rear steps this distance shall be 90 cms.
(iv) The minimum height of the roof or ceiling at the highest steps of the balcony
shall be 3.0 meters and at no place the distance between the nodding and lowest
projection ray shall be less than 2.4 meters.

(V)The minimum width of the seat shall be 50 cms. Provided that 25 percent of the
total seats may permitted upto the width of 45 cms. To adjust the staggering of the
seats. The width of the seats shall be measured from centre to centre of hand rails
or arm rests

(h) Aisles: Clear aisles not less than 1.2 meters in width shall be formed at right
angles to the line of seating in such number and manner that no seat shall be more
than 3.8 meters away from any ailses measured in the line of seating. Where all
these aisles do not directly meet the exit doors, cross aisles shall be provided in such
number and manner that no row of seats shall be more than 7 meters away from
cross-aisles. The width of cross aisles shall be 1.2 meters. Provided further that in
computing the number of cross-aisles , the door connecting the aisles with foyer
shall be considered as cross-aisles. Explanation: The first cross-aisles in such a case
shall be provided after the fourteen rows from the door.
(i) Sanitary Accommodations:
(i) Water closet at the rate of one for 100 seats or part thereof and urinals at the
rate of two for 75 seats or part thereof, at each seating level shall be provided.
(ii) One wash-basin for every 200 seats or part thereof shall be provided.
(iii)The above conveniences shall be suitably apportioned between two sexes.
(iv) Such water-closet and urinals shall be in accessible location and shall be
provided with signs plainly indicating their purpose and the sex for which they are
meant.
(j) Visibility Requirement:
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(1) The seat nearest to the screen shall not be nearer than the effective width of the
normal picture (ratio 1:1.33). This distance shall be 3/4 in case of cinema scope and
other wide angles techniques and one half in case of 70 mm presentations.
(2) The elevation of the balcony seats shall be such that line of sight is not inclined
more than 30o to the horizontal.
(3) The seats should preferably be staggered side-ways in relation to those in front,
so that a spectator in any rows is not looking directly over the head of the person
immediately in front of him.
(4) The position and height of the screen shall be regulated in such a way that the
maximum angle of the line of vision from the front seat to the top of the screen shall
not exceed 50.
(k) Ventilation: Every auditorium shall be lighted and ventilated by doors, ventilators
and windows abutting on an interior or exterior open air space which shall not be
less than 1/5th of the total floor area provided that if exhaust fans are installed or if
the auditorium is air-conditioned, the requirement of this clause may be suitably
relaxed by competent authority. (l) Minimum Requirement of Stairs:
(i) Except where otherwise provided under these Regulations/bye-laws the
minimum clear width of all the stairs shall be 1.5 Mts.
(ii) No stair-case shall have a flight of more than 15 steps or less than 3 steps and
width of the landing between such flights shall be of the same width of the stair-
case. The tread of the step shall not be less than 30 cms. The riser shall not be higher
than 10 cms.
(iii)No space less than 2.4 Mts. in height shall be allowed under the floor of
auditorium.
(iv) Except for a double-decker-cinema or theater, the access to the auditorium from
the ground floor, if it is on upper floor or on stilts shall be provided by not less than
three stairs; two of which shall be exit stairs. The clear width of these next stairs
shall not be less than 2 meters.
(iv) The access to balcony floor from auditorium floor shall be provided by not less than
three stairs, two of which shall be exit stairs. Provided that if one exit stair is to be
provided instead of two, its minimum width shall be 2.4 Mts.
(vi) In case of double-decker-cinema or theater:
(a) The access to upper class auditorium from ground floor shall be provided by
at least three stairs out of which two shall be exit stairs with minimum clear
width of 2 Mts.
(b) The access to lower class auditorium from ground floor shall be provided by
at least two stairs, one of which shall be exit stair
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(m) No permission shall be given for converting existing air-conditioned cinema theatre
into non-airconditioned Cinema Theater.
(n) AIR- CONDITION The auditorium or the cinema should be air conditioned as per
following general specifications:-
[1] Temperature range- 720 F to 800 F
[2] Change of Air per hour-approximate 10 times.
[3] Relative Humidity 50 p.c. to 60 p.c.
[4] Fresh air requirements. 7.5 C.F.M. per person approximately.

FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

(1) GENERAL: - The planning design and construction of any building shall be such as to
ensure safety from fire. For this purpose, unless otherwise specified in these
Regulations, the provisions of Part IV: Fire Protection Chapter, National Building
Code, shall apply. For multi-storied, high-rise and special building, additional
provisions relating to fire protection shall also apply. The approach to the building
and open spaces on all sides upto 6 m. width and their layout shall conform to the
requirements of the Chief Fire Officer. They shall be capable to taking the weight of
a fire engine weighing upto 18 tones. These open spaces shall be free of any
obstruction and shall be motorable.
(2) EXITS: - Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits
sufficient to permit safe escape of its occupants in case of fire or other emergency
for which the exits shall conform to the following.
(I) TYPES: - Exits should be horizontal or vertical. A horizontal exit may be a
door-way a corridor, a passage-way to an internal or external stairway or to
an adjoining building, a ramp, a verandah or a terrace which has access to
the street or to the roof of a building. A vertical exit may be a staircase or a
ramp, but not a lift.
(II) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS :- Exits from all the part of the building, except
those not accessible for general public use, shall-
(a) provide continuous egress to the exterior of the building or to an exterior
open space leading to the street;
(b) be so arranged that, except in a residential building, they can be reached
without having to cross another occupied unit;
(c) be free of obstruction;
(d) be adequately illuminated;
(e) be clearly visible with the routes reaching them clearly marked and signs
posted to guide any person to the floor concerned;
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(f) be fitted if necessary, with firefighting equipment suitably located but not
as to obstruct the passage, clearly marked and with its location clearly
indicated on both sides of the exit way;
(g) be fitted with a fire alarm device, if it is either a multi-storied, high-rise or
a special building so as to ensure its prompt evacuation;
(h) remain unaffected by any alteration of any part of the building so far as
their number, width, capacity and protection thereof is concerned;
(i) be so located that the travel distance on the floor does not exceed the
following limits :
(j) Residential, educational institutional and hazardous occupancies: 22.5 m.

(ii) Assembly, business, mercantile, industrial and storage buildings: 30 m.

NOTE:-

The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not
exceed half the distance specified above.

When more than one exit is required on a floor, the exits shall be as remote
from each other as possible.

Provided that for all multi-storied /high rise and special buildings, a minimum
of two enclosed type staircases shall be provided, at least one of them
opening directly to the exterior to an interior, open space or to any open
place of safety.

REQUIREMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL EXITS AT EACH FLOOR: The detailed

requirements of individual exits at each floor are given below:-

(1) CORRIDORS:-

(a) Exit corridors shall be of a width not less than the total required width of
exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to the
exterior/stairway.

(b) Where stairways discharge through corridors, the height of the corridors
shall not be less than 2.4 m.

(c) Where there is more than one staircase serving a building, there shall be
at least one smoke-stop door in the between the staircases.
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(2) DOORWAYS:-

(a) Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway, a horizontal exit
or a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of
egress;

(b) An exit doorway shall open outwards i.e. away from the room, but shall
not obstruct the travel along any exit. No door, when opened, shall reduce
the required width of a stairway or landing to less than 90 cm.

(c) An exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight or stairs; a landing
equal to at least the width of the door shall be provided in the stairway at
each doorway; the level of the landing shall be the same as that of the floor
which is serves.

(d) Exit doorways shall be openable from the side which they serve, without
the use of a key.

3) REVOLVING DOORS:-

(a) Revolving doors shall not be used as required exits except in residential,
business and mercantile occupancies; they shall not constitute more than
half the total required door width.

(b) When revolving doors are considered as required exit ways, the multiplier
in Table 17.1 shall be increased by 33.1/3 percent. Rrevolving doors shall not
be located at the foot of a discharge through a lobby or foyer.

(4) INTERNAL

STAIRWAYS:-

(a) Stairways shall be constructed of non-combustible materials throughout.

(b) Any interior staircase shall be constructed as a self-contained unit with at

least one side adjacent to an external wall and shall be completely closed.

(c) A staircase shall not be arranged around a lift unless the later is entirely
enclosed by a material of fire resistance rating as that for type of
construction itself. For multistoried, high rise and special buildings, the
staircase location shall be to the satisfaction of the Chief Fire Officer.
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(d) In multi-storied/high rise and special building, access to main staircases

shall be gained through at least half-an-hour fire-resisting automatic closing
doors placed in the enclosing walls of the staircases. They shall swing type
doors opening in the direction of the escape.

(e) No living space, store or other space, involving fire risk, shall open directly
into a staircase.

(f) The external exit door of a staircase enclosure at ground level shall open
directly to the open space or should be accessible without passing through
any door other than a door provided to form a draught lobby.

(g) In multi-storied high rise and special buildings, exit signs with arrows
indicating the escape route shall be provided at a height of 1.5 m. from the
floor level on the wall and shall be painted with fluorescent paint. All exit
way signs should be flush with the wall and so designed that no mechanical
damage to them can result from the moving of furniture or other heavy
equipment.

(h) Where a building has a single staircase, it shall terminate at the ground
floor level, and the access to the basement shall be by a separate staircase.
Where the building is served by more than one staircase, one of the
staircases may lead to the basement level by either a ventilated lobby or a
cut-off screen wall without opening, having a fire resistance of not less than
2 hours with discharge point at two different ends or through enclosures. It
shall also be cut-off from the basement area at various basement levels by a
protected and ventilated lobby/lobbies.

(5) FIRE

ESCAPE OR EXTERNAL STAIRS :- Multi-storied/high rise and special buildings

shall be provided with fire escape stairs, which will be free of F.S.I., and they
should conform to the following :-

(a) They shall not be taken into account in calculating the evacuation time of
a building.

(b) All of them shall be directly connected to the ground.

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(c) Entrance to them shall be separate and remote from the internal stair-
case.

(d) Routes to the fire escape shall be free of obstruction at all times, except
for a doorway leading to the fire escape, which shall have the required fire
resistance.

(e) They shall be constructed of non-combustible materials.

(f) They shall have a straight flight not less than 75 cm. wide with 15 cm.
treads and risers. not more than 19 cm. The number of risers shall be limited
to 16 per flight. (g) They shall be provided with handrails at a height not less
than 90 cm. above the tread

(6) RAMP :-

(a) All the requirements of sub regulation (4) of this Regulation shall apply to
any ramps as they apply to a staircase.

(b) Ramps shall lead directly to outside open spaces at ground level or
courtyards or other safe places.

(c) In a multistoried, high rise and special building, access to ramps from any
floor shall be through a smoke-stop door.

(7) REFUGE AREA

(a) In multi-storied and high-rise buildings, at least one refuge area shall be
provided on the floor immediately above every 18 mts. of building height.

(b) Such space should abut on external walls.

(c) It shall have a minimum area of 1.5 sq. mts. and a minimum width of 0.75
mt.

BUILDING SERVICES

(1) ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS: The planning, design and installation of

electrical installation, air-conditioning and heating work shall conform to
the provisions of Part VIII Building Services. Section 2- Electrical
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Installations. Section 3-Air-conditioning and Heating, National Building

Code of India.
(2) LIFT:
(a) PLANNING AND DESIGN : The planning and design of lifts including
their number, type and capacity depending on the occupancy of the
building, the population on each floor based on the occupant load
and the building height shall be in accordance with Section 5-
Installation of Lifts and Escalators, National Building Code of India.
(b) MAINTENANCE :
(I) The lift installation should receive regular cleaning, lubrication
adjustment and adequate servicing by authorised competent
persons at such intervals as the type of equipment and
frequency of service demand. In order that the lift installation
is maintained at all times in a safe condition, a proper
maintenance schedule shall be drawn up in consultation with
the lift manufacturer and rigidly followed. A log book to
record all items relating to general servicing and inspection
shall be maintained. The electrical circuit diagram of the lift
with the sequence of operation of different components and
parts shall be kept readily available for reference by persons
responsible for the maintenance and replacement, where
necessary, to the satisfaction of the competent authority.
(II) Any accident arising out of operation of maintenance of the
lifts shall be duly reported to the competent authority

CHPTER 5- DESIGN CUES AND TRANSLATIONS

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This chapter highlights the inferences and conclusions of previous chapters. It analyses the
functional diagram, volumetric diagram, movement diagram and shows the way forward for the
project
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1. Entrance plaza: Consist of Baggage and luggage counter, Ticket counter, reception area
information center, Medical center, Audio visual room, Facilities and visitors lounge.
2. Open Exhibition: temporary display area to provide information above memorial.
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3. Freedom fighters memorial tunnel: Display all wars time line from past 200 years of
British era and slavery with audio and visual effects, continuous walking display increase
the visitor’s interest and reduces the waiting time.
4. Evolution of Arms and Equipment’s: Display how the evolution of weapons and
equipment’s, army and also show case the different uniforms and medals.
5. Memory square: It is a semi covered walkway with display to engrave name of all
martyrs of different wars on stones, open display of army trucks, fighting jets and army
tanks to maintain the visitor’s interest.
6. Veer Smriti Bhawan: it is silent zone to tribute the martyr’s for different wars by display
of a dummy box (coffin) covered with national flag (tiranga) with focused lights.
7. Unity square: is a common meeting platform surrounded by water from where one can
enjoy the beautiful landscaping.
8. Shaurya Dwar: is the final exit point of the memorial area, provides a visitors focus on
the Shaurya Stamb.
9. Parade ground: surrounded by landscape, also act as a ceremonial ground for different
ceremonies like 15th August and 26th January.
10. Shaurya Stamb: is the highest part of the site built to pay tribute to all the martyrs,
Which Exemplifing the mighty power and strength of the Indian defense forces.
11. Shaurya Smarak: is the high light of the site as displayed a group of statues of Bhagat
Sight, Sukhdev and Chandar shekhar aazad.
12. Souvenir shop: small retails area provide for books and souvenirs
13. Administration block: is the consist of Directors chamber, full flashed library for
researchers, also include back offices, storage area, small meeting rooms, and other
useful facilities
14. Peace Park: is a beautifully carved landscape area to distress.
15. Peace center: is include a meditation hall, yoga garden, organic pond and other
facilities.
16. Cafeteria and Auditorium: is located at the one end of the site with a separate entry
and exit so do not disturb the daily routine visitors, Ground floor of the same building is
served as the cafeteria and separate ramp and stairs led to the auditorium hall having a
capacity to 450 seats
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Functional Zoning:
(a) The whole site is can be Access from two main gates:
1. South gate is dedicated to the visitors for martyr’s center
2. East gate is for staff and visitors for auditorium

Having individual parking lot at each gate

(B) Vehicular movement to restrict up to the parking lots only

Satellite features:
(A) All the building blocks are arranged on site in such a manner that ye act as noise barriers.

(B) Large glass panel are used to promote north light and provide a sense of transparency
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(C) Here, light red colored exposed concrete is used as building material which signifies the red blooded
soil of battle field.

(D) All buildings are designed to be line pointed, sharp and angular to give a unique language to the
design.

(E) The façade reveals itself as you walk closer to the building. It remains hidden from all the peripheral
roads, this has been done to create visual interest and a sense of mystery.