1. What are the four management functions? Briefly explain each function.
How would you analyze the Man Gulch disaster using the functions of
management (Mann Gulch video)?
1) Planning: It is all about setting goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans
to coordinate activities. This requires delegating responsibilities and allocating
employee resources as well as setting realistic timelines and standards for completion
of the work. Planning also requires those in management roles to effectively keep an
eye on the progress of the team in order to make adjustments when required, while
still maintaining a clear image of a company's big aims and goals.
On the other hand, the case is given above clearly says the proper planning wasn't
there to meet the situation. The smokejumpers were not well versed in their work and
so they were in a panic situation while working. They misjudged the situation, they
lacked information about the situation at that time. They have no backup plan.
Additionally, they lack experience and lack professional training in situations like
this.
2) Organizing: It is all about a manager's organizational skills that can help a company
to run smoothly. Managers are also responsible for arranging and structuring work
that employees do to accomplish the organization’s goals. When managers organize,
they determine what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be
grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. From setting up
internal processes and structures to understand which employees or teams can
perform specific tasks, keeping everyone and everything organized for daily
operations are quite important functions of management.
In the above-given case, the smokejumpers are not well equipped with the training
and equipment needed to meet the situation. They were confused and not organized
for the proper working of their team. They don't have a clear statement of who is the
leader. They have no idea who will do what job. Furthermore, they did not know each
other before so they did not trust each other. Also, they don't have clear
communication
3) Leading: Every organization has people, and a manager’s job is to work with and
through people to accomplish goals. When managers motivate subordinates, help
resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the
most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior
issues, they’re leading. It is quite important for a manager to be comfortable and
confident in leading their team members’ daily work as well as during periods of
important change or challenges. This requires a strong sense of leadership and
direction when setting goals and delivering new services, processes, and products, or
internal policy.
In the above case, no leader was there to lead the team in a proper way. They were on
their own to make decisions and work according to that due to which the team was not
able to work well. Especially they do not trust each other.
4) Controlling: It requires a manager to ensure the proper functioning of the work
towards the success of a company. To ensure goals are met and work is done as it
should be, managers monitor and evaluate performance. Actual performance is
compared with the set goals. If those goals aren’t achieved, it’s the manager’s job to
get work back on track. This process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is the
controlling function. A manager should consistently monitor the performance of its
employee's quality of work and the effectiveness and efficiency of the workers
towards the completion of the project. Management is all about controlling and
ensuring the ultimate goals of the business are that is to be met, as well as looking for
any essential changes when required.
In the above-given case, no one was there to ensure the proper functioning of the
team. The team was lacking in skills and proper support due to a lack of controlling
function. Since they don't have a plan or a leader, they don't have too much control.
2. Why do managers need to understand their organization environments?
What are some general environment factors in the PEST model? Give
examples.
Any business organization cannot work in solace due to the advent of the concept of
globalization. The activities of a business are now affected by multiple factors. Some
factors are internal to the organization and some external.
In many ways, the external environment can predict the trends and needs of
consumers, and managers need to be able to interpret consumer trends and apply those
insights to the company. Whether consumers are becoming frustrated with the
company itself, are growing tired of the competition (and therefore opening up
potential purchasing power), are looking for a new product, or are developing new
concerns regarding the company's image, the power of the consumer to change the
economics of the company should be recognized by managers.
Understanding the organisational environment helps them make sure their team
supports their organisation’s goals. It also provides the opportunity to understand and
influence issues and activities that may affect their team.
If the manager does not study the environment, the whole production will go to waste,
due to lack of demand, thus it is imperative for all managers to study and understand
their organizational environments. Not only studying implementing change in
business policies as per the environment is also vital.
Some general environment factors in the PEST model
Environmental factors refer to variables regarding the physical environment. These
factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate,
environmental offsets and climate change which may especially affect industries such
as tourism, farming, agriculture and insurance. This can include things like consumer
health, environmental policies, climate change, natural disasters, pollution, recycling
standards, the availability of energy, or any direct consequences of these things.
Environmental Factors Affecting The UAE
The UAE has a hot, arid climate. Therefore, the productivity of workers might not be
as high, farming may not yield as much, and air conditioning systems may have a
larger market.
The United Arab Emirates is situated near several coastal areas, allowing for
convenient sea based trade.
Environmental Factors Affecting Marriott
Falling fuel prices might increase business, thanks to cheaper travel. Conversely,
increased fuel prices would reduce business — especially that funded by international
tourists who travel by airplane.
Over a greater span of time, climate change might affect the appeal of various resorts.
3. Using PEST model to explain why it is so hard to stop counterfeiting
products in China (Counterfeiting product video)?
Political factor.
The government does not have a policy that inspects the goods produced and shipped
The government that is the political factor in China gives a big impetus to the
development of trade in China. They also have technology backing with which they
are able to imitate products. Neither the government nor the society revolts against the
products, so it is quite difficult to stop it.
Chinese authorities will do anything to avoid social unrest, and counterfeit factories
keep a lot of poor people employed. American firms may not like it, but they may just
have to live with it.
Faker's shop gets raided, usually not gone for good. It might change its name, it may
shift one floor up or down. But it will be back in business.
Economic Factors
It’s hard to root out fake goods in China e-commerce because of the sheer number of
sellers on marketplace platforms. It’s also hard because a fair chunk of China’s
economy depends on the value fake goods generate.
While China’s living standards improved greatly, the new industrial power lead to
counterfeits, as factories could cheaply re-create brand products. The counterfeit
industry in China seems like a minor symptom of industrialization. Hence, even if it is
necessary to tackle counterfeits, it was just the result of a growing Chinese industry.
Social Factors
People working in the production line are not informed about the illegal production of
counterfeit goods
- Chinese people do not know about the genuine goods they want to buy
he workers, mostly from rural provinces, make a few bucks a day and don’t have the
slightest idea that what they’re doing is illegal.
China may be the largest labor pool in the world, but ultimately, it’s all in the family.
So the buyer could be a daughter or a son.
The primary segment is buyers unaware that they are purchasing fake products. This
deceptive counterfeiting is rampant, but the market for fake goods in China is largely
driven by consumers who actively search for and purchase counterfeit products.
These aspirational Chinese shoppers purchase fake goods for the same reason the
wealthy buy real products: to emulate their high-class idols, impress peers, and
enhance social status. Fake goods allow shoppers to “consume” prestigious brands
without actually buying the high-quality goods.
Technological Factors
Chinese factories now have the skills needed to copy almost everything. While some
products may be legally imported as a generic, packaging or labels are later used to
disguise a counterfeit as the real thing just before it hits store shelves and online
listings.
This same labeling technique is also used to provide false assurance that products
have met with certain safety and operational certifications, while in reality they’ve
undergone no such measures. This is an especially common problem with electronics.
Legal Factors
under Chinese law, someone cannot be prosecuted only because he sells a small
quantity of fake products
Characteristics of effective team-
A strong team is that the foundation of a high-performing business and a decent team
ethic are often control for the most part in command of the success and sleek running
of the organization. If workers do not gel and work well along, issues will arise, like
poor organization, incomprehensible deadlines, and conflict among the geographic
point.
Following square measure the characteristics of a EFFECTIVE team:
A clear, elevating goal: typically|this can be} often a goal that has been communicated
to any or all or any .
A results-driven structure: The goal has been together set by all the team members.
they're absolutely committed towards achieving it.
Competent members: every team member has the required ability set therefore on
understand the team objectives.
Unified commitment: there's nothing happening in silos. With the complete
commitment from team members, achieving structure goals becomes easier.
A cooperative climate: Commitment from team members Associate in Nursingd an
honest leadership leads to a cooperative team with a productive work atmosphere.
Standards of excellence: Quality orientation is important to the success of any
organization.
External support and recognition: Appreciation additionally as appraisal is needed to
remain the morale of the team high.
Principled leadership: Leadership defines a team. Associate in Nursing fit leadership
will chart the team’s path to success.
Each team member participates actively and completely in conferences additionally as
comes. This shows a person’s commitment additionally as understanding towards a
project.
Each team member trusts the judgment of others: Mutual trust and respect is very
necessary for the team. this is often the only real because of attain the organization
goals.
The team has to be willing to need risks: Risk taking is Associate in Nursing
perspective that comes with confidence . Confidence on yourself additionally as on
the team, besides the facility to face all consequences.
Dissenting opinions square measure ne'er ignored: really , they are forever recorded
therefore on be revisited simply just in case the long run things dictate therefore.
Teams square measure given realistic deadlines: External support additionally as aid
is important to the success of any team.
An economical team desires support from each within and out of doors . It should
meet the individual desires of its members therefore on understand the organization’s
goals.
Example- The most obvious and likely the foremost in style example square measure
our sports groups. There square measure examples Loved by the media of
disagreement in some sports groups however overall the stress is on however well
every contestant on a team “does his part” in creating a team winning.
a supergroup that serves as a shining example of effective teamwork, look no further
than the [Link] the most influential band of all time with over 100 million
records sold and more accolades than we can possibly list, the Beatles’ success didn’t
happen by accident. In fact, it was the band’s ability to work together as a unit that
propelled them to superstardom.
[Link]
[Link] are characteristics of well-designed goals? Please give examples.
(1) written in terms of outcomes rather than actions. That means the results of the goal
needs to be
clearly stated instead of the steps need to be done.
(2) measurable and quantifiable. That means the goal needs to be stated clearly,
tangible and doable.
(3) clear as to time frame. That means the timeline needs to be clearly stated.
(4) challenging but attainable. That means the goal cannot be too easy or too hard.
(5) written down. That means the goal needs to be specially written down.
(6) communicated to all organizational members who need to know them. That means
the goal needs to be delivered to related people for it to be done.
The well-designed goals should have the following traits:
Specific
Challenging
Measurable
Time constrained
Communicable
Well written
Let us create 3 different goals that 2 of above 6 characteristics.
Example 1:
Apple Inc needs to expand the business income by 20% in the financial year 2020-
2021
Reason:The above goal makes some certain time frame, objective ( to expand the
revenue_ and it is quantifiable ( by 20%)
Example 2:
Google is hoping to improve customer satisfaction in a next 6 months.
Reason:The goal is to improve consumer loyalty and as far as possible and time limit
is 6 months.
Example 3:
Microsoft has an arrangement to dispatch the new Windows OS constantly 2021
Reason:The objective is certain ( to launch the Windows OS). The time frame is by
the year 2021.
Example of a Well Written Objective “Meet with all staff twice a year to conduct
performance reviews”• Specific – Individuals know exactly what is to be achieved.•
Measurable – “twice a year” – quantity or quality. Goals can be tracked and reviewed•
Attainable – Goals are reasonable & achievable• Results Oriented – support goals of
department and vision of organization• Timely – Goals to be achieved within a
specific timeframe
[Link] functional and product structures of organizations. Why most
organizations have some kind of mixed structure?
Functional Structure: As sales increase, organizations generally adopt a functional
structure. This structure groups employees into functional areas based on their
expertise. These functional areas often correspond to stages in the value chain such as
operations, research and development, and marketing and sales. They also include
support areas such as accounting, finance, and human resources. Fictional structure,
has reporting and authority relationships. The department head of each functional area
reports to the CEO; the CEO then coordinates and integrates the work of each
function. A functional structure allows for an efficient top-down and bottom-up
communication chain between the CEO and the functional departments, and thus
relies on a relatively tall structure. This type of organizational structure works best in
smaller organizations without too many distinct product lines, reports business
education and consulting firm Management Square. For example, if your business
manufactures and distributes two different types of ball, it wouldn't make much sense
to divide those two products into separate departments.
Product Structure: Product departmentalization organizes employees based on which
product line or set of services they work with. Each product line has a department of
its own, and each department has specialists in all of the functions needed to produce
and sell that product Companies with diversified product lines frequently structure
based on the product or service. GE, for example, has structured six product-specific
divisions supported by six centralized service divisions. (1) Energy, (2) Capital (3)
Home & Business Solutions, (4) Healthcare, (5) Aviation, and (6) Transportation.
Product divisions work well where products are more technical and require more
specialized knowledge. These product divisions are supported by centralized services,
which include: public relations, business development, legal, global research, human
resources, and finance. The departments in this type of company operate
autonomously from each other and are often better at responding to changing
circumstances in a flexible way.
Advantage and Disadvantages:
Functional departmentalization has the advantage of efficiency, because all of the
employees in each department are specialists in the same or closely related skills. It
has the potential disadvantage of inflexibility, because any issues that involve more
than one skill set require communication and cooperation between departments. This
is less likely to be an issue for a smaller organization, because the different
departments may be in frequent contact already.
Product departmentalization has the advantage of flexibility but the potential
disadvantage that the departments may compete unintentionally. For example,
because each product line operates as an autonomous department, the actions or
strategies of one department may interfere with those of another department in the
same company.
The most organization have some kind of mixed model approach to because this
organizational structure is intended to combine the advantages of product and
functional departmentalization. A mixed model, or matrix organizational structure, has
multiple lines of authority with some employees reporting to at least two managers.
There are functional managers who oversee departments such as engineering and
marketing, and there are project managers who oversee employees who work on
specific projects. The project managers may also report to the functional managers.
Mixed model organizational structures optimize employee experience and resources
and work well for companies that are project-based. This structure can improve lines
of communication and provide flexibility for working on multiple projects.
Employees working on special projects still have links to their functional departments
and can refer back to the other members of their departments for consultation and
advice.
7. What do we mean by organizational culture? Describe the organizational culture
of the [Link] companies?
Organizational culture has been described as the shared values, principles, traditions,
and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act
and that distinguish the organization from other organizations. In most organizations,
these shared values and practices have evolved over time and determine, to a large
extent, how “things are done around here.”
The organization culture can be defined as the set of values, practices, and
expectations which bind the employee and guide the actions of all members of the
organization
Organizational culture of the three dot-com companies:
1) Tellme
a) Open atmosphere in the company.
b) Ability to create your own job, define what you want to do.
Successes are public, so are screw-ups. It's like being in the boss's office all day long.
Working close to the boss, seeing all the boss's activities "You'll be able to sit five
desks away from me, and watch me give a customer pitch, or talk to an investor, or
talk to somebody from the press, or figure out what we should be doing with our
marketing strategy, or our sales strategy
2) Excite@Home
a) Open atmosphere, no codes, no rules, not business as usual.
b) Job is treated as love, passion.
c) Variety of services are offered to employees which helps employees to focus more
on work.
conveniences, they barely need to leave the office.
3) Bigstep -
a) Open atmosphere.
b) Everything is upfront, no politics.
c) Driven by the mission to help small businesses.
Many respondents referred to that “loss of training”, “constrained resources”
and “loss of devoted time for discussion” make contributions to understanding
creation, garage, and switch issues. The loss of organizational incentive to create
and switch understanding seems to be the main cause of Pharma national issues.
[Link] to perceive concern rely on experts
In every business enterprise, there are unique those who keep what's stated as
“deep smarts” in relation to a selected topic. Not sharing understanding
mechanically way that you'll fail to perceive those precious group individuals.
In this case, sharing understanding also can assist personnel to create more
potent bonds, at the same time as fixing issues in a brief and powerful manner.
2. Not making mastering a habitual
In this case, habitual has its advantages. It can assist humans to make room for a
sparkling understanding of their busy schedule, due to the fact each commercial
enterprise and technical group paintings in a fast-moving environment. A
platform wherein they could percentage issues and answers gives them the
motivation to make mastering a habitual.
When this takes place inside a business enterprise, anyone will constantly are
searching for approaches to carry out higher and improve.
3. Lacking innovation
It’s a no-brainer that sharing understanding effects in giving extra energy to
numerous reviews and ideas. It encourages the individuals of your group to
embody wondering outdoor the box, to be extra open-minded, and to take
calculated risks.
This is the inspiration for fostering innovation, that's universally hard to reap in
massive enterprises. Don’t pass over the possibility to create a bonus that may set
you aside from your competition.
4. Decisions could be taken slower
When humans percentage their understanding and former experience, they
could empower a higher and quicker selection-making system on one-of-a-kind
degrees withinside the business enterprise. On the alternative hand, now no
longer presenting them with applicable information, this system will become
plenty slower.
Set the tempo for instant selection making via way of means of making it a part
of the business enterprise culture, to keep away from delays and inspire anyone
to shoulder the responsibility.
