8 HEALTH

(Quarter 3, Weeks 2-4)

COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

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Introduction:
This module is designed to introduce the most common communicable
diseases and how it could be prevented. Disease prevention and control is a very
important health concern because it affects the quality of people’s life.
Communicable diseases not only threaten the sick person but also his/her family and
the society in general. Thus, protecting ourselves and our families from diseases is
both a personal and social responsibility
In this module, the learners are expected to:
 Discuss the most common communicable diseases;
 signs and symptoms of common communicable diseases
 effects of common communicable diseases
 misconceptions, myths and belief about common communicable
diseases
 prevention and control of common communicable diseases
 Describe the nature of emerging and re-emerging diseases.

Pre-assessment: (Use your answer sheet)

I. Fill in the blanks. Choose you answer from the choices below and write the
word of the correct answer on the blanks provided.

Choices:
A. Damage F. Rehabilitating
B. Immunization G. Screening
C. Monitoring H. Secondary Level
D. Primary level I. Tertiary Level
E. Prevent J. Treatment

1. In the three level of prevention, the first is called ____________of prevention.

2. The objective of this first level is to ______________ one from having the
3. disease. ________________ is probably the best example of this level of
prevention and health education to all.
4 . The second level of prevention is called ______________.
5. This level of prevention aims to prevent further ____________ when
the disease has already started. The best action to do in this level is

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6. prompt diagnose and ______________.
7. ________________ tests are excellent examples of this level.
8. The third level of prevention is called _____________. The focus of this
9. level is ________________ the sick person so as to prevent long-term
complications of the disease. The best thing to do in this level is follow-up.
10. and very close ________________(24/7) of the sick person.

II. TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong.

________11. Do not dry the feet before the groin to reduce the risk of spreading
the fungi from the feet.

________12. Anyone with symptoms suggestive of air-borne transmissible diseases

should not attend school

Lesson Proper:
A. Review:
Activity 1 : SELF – INVENTORY

A. How do I rate…..?

Read the questions and respond by writing a check mark in the intended column.
M if the statement describes you most of the time,
S if the statement describes you some of the time, and
N if the statement never applies to you.
Answer this self- inventory independently, without any assistance from your teacher
or anybody.
Total the number of each type of your response.
Proceed to the next section, the How Did You Score section.
QUESTIONS M S N QUESTIONS M S N
1 I keep my immunization 11 I listen and respond to my body that it
records up to date. is tired or that something may be
wrong.
2 I stay away from people who 12 I wash my hands before and after
currently have cold or flu. every meal, before preparing food,
and after using the toilet.
3 I eat a balanced diet daily. 13 I shower or bathe regularly.
4 I get at least eight hours of 14 I do not share eating utensils or

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sleep each night. glasses with other people
5 I exercise aerobically at least 15 I cover my mouth when I cough or

three times a week. sneeze.

6 I do not smoke. 16 I avoid walking around without
footwear.
7 I avoid using towels that 17 I avoid eating dairy & poultry
others have used. products that are not refrigerated.
8 I avoid using other people’s 18 I advise my parents to make sure that
combs and brushes. our pets have their vaccines too.
9 I take a few minutes each 19 I put food wastes in closed

day to relax. containers.

10 I stay at home within the first 20 I support efforts of the government to
day when symptoms of an enforce public health laws for
illness appear. immunization and reporting
communicable diseases.
Total for Most of the time Total for Most of the time
Total for Some of the time Total for Some of the time
Total for Never applies Total for Never applies

How did you score?

Give yourself 4 points for each most of the time;

2 points for each some of the time;
0 points for each never answer.
Get your total and read the result of your score below:

60 to 80 = Excellent! Your disease prevention efforts are outstanding.

Congratulations!
40 to 59 = Good! You are doing very well in your efforts to prevent
communicable diseases.
20 to 39 = Fair! Disease prevention is not important to you. Some efforts will
Be beneficial to you and to others.
Below 20 = Needs Improvement! Be careful. You may be spreading
communicable diseases to others. Now is a good time
to start taking good care of yourself.

B. Activity 2: What makes me special?

Direction: In the Venn Diagram, write the difference between Communicable and
non-communicable diseases in the space provided. In the space where the two
circles meet, write their both common symptoms.

Communicable Non-
Diseases Communicable
Diseases

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Common
Symptoms

C. Discussion

Communicable diseases are illnesses cause by infectious agent that occurs

through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent via an animal,
vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible human host.

[Link]

Pathogens is a microorganism that cause diseases and can damage the host.

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Types of pathogens:

1. Bacteria are one-celled microscopic organisms that rank among the most
widespread of living things Some are small that a single grain of soil may contain
over 100 million of them. Most bacteria do not cause disease. In order to live, all
bacteria must have a food supply, as well as suitable temperature, moisture and
darkness. Some bacteria digest nonliving food
materials such as milk and meat. These
organisms are called saprophytes. If the food
supply is a living plant or animal, the
microorganism is called a parasite. The plant or animal that the parasite feeds on is
called a host.

a. Toxin Bacteria produces a certain poison. Botulism is a food poison.

These bacteria live in the soil. Once they enter the body through a wound, they can
cause tetanus or lockjaw. Other bacteria cause pneumonia.
b. Resident Bacteria It lives in the human mouth and intestines and on our
skin. These helps protect us from harmful bacteria. Lactobacili, found in the gastro-
intestinal tract, produce lactic acid from simple carbohydrates. Coliform bacilli, found
in the intestines, help break down carbohydrates and combat disease-causing
bacteria. Resident bacteria cause infections when it moves from where residents
are. Example, a bacteria in the mouth is moved to the ear then you get an infected
ear.
c. Rickettsia – a very small bacteria that includes the causative agents of
typhus and various other febrile diseases in humans. Many of them grow inside living
cells and transmitted by mites, ticks or lice.

2. Virus - is a microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or

reproduce apart from a living cell. All virus are parasites. There are virus that
invades animals and virus that attack specific types of cells .Example, rabies
viruscan enter only brain cells, polio virus attacks only the nervous system. Cold
virus enters the respiratory system. Viral hepatitis is caused by virus that affects the
liver.

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3. Fungi – any of a group of pore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter,
including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

[Link] om/corona-virus-
illustrationgreen- virus-cartoon-on-white-

4. Protozoans – a single celled-organism that is protist and is capable of movement.

Most of these are harmless and they are most common in tropical areas that have
poor sanitation.
5. Parasitic worms – known as helminths which are large microparasites and can
be seen with our naked eyes.

Mode of
transmission Examples of diseases PREVENTIVE MEASURES

I – DIRECT

1. Contact Hand, foot and mouth  Adopt proper isolation for the sick.
transmission disease, No human contact.

(Kissing)

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[Link]
mediatype=illustration&phrase=parasitic
Acute conjunctivitis,  Keep both hands clean and perform
hand hygiene properly.

(handshakes
Scabies
with a sick  Clean and disinfect properly the items
person) used by patients.

 Do not share towels and other personal

Head lice items.
(sleeping with
someone with
lice)
 Wear gloves when making contact with
patients.

Chickenpox

2. Food-borne/ Viral gastroenteritis, Ensure all food is adequately cooked

water-borne especially high-risk food like shellfish.
transmission

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 Perform hand hygiene before meals
and after going to the toilet.

Food poisoning,

 Handle vomitus and excreta properly.

Cholera,  Sick food handlers should refrain from
work and seek medical advice early.

Bacillary dysentery,
Hepatitis A,

Hepatitis E

3. Vector-borne Dengue fever,  Maintain environmental hygiene to

transmission prevent breeding of insects /
(usually mosquitoes, e.g. prevent
insects) accumulation of stagnant water.

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Mosquito bites
And
Insect bites Malaria,
 Take personal protection to prevent
insect /mosquito bites, e.g. wear light-
coloured, long-sleeved clothes and
trousers/pants and use insect
repellents.

Japanese encephalitis

II – INDIRECT

1. Droplet Influenza,  Maintain good indoor ventilation

transmission

Common cold,
(Coughing)

 Keep both hands clean. In particular,

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perform hand hygiene properly and
immediately after making contact with
sick persons having respiratory

secretions.
Streptococcus  Cover mouth and nose when sneezing
or coughing. Use tissue papers to
contain respiratory secretions and
dispose them in garbage bins with lid.
 People with respiratory infection
symptoms and their close contact/aids
should wear surgical masks.
(Sneezing)  Keep a distance of at least one metre
from the sick person.
 Seek medical advice immediately if
unwell.

pneumoniae infection

 Adopt proper isolation for the sick.

 Use appropriate personal protective
equipment when necessary.

2. Air-borne Pulmonary  Maintain good indoor ventilation

transmission

tuberculosis,

Measles,  Seek medical advice immediately if

unwell.

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Chickenpox

 Anyone with symptoms suggestive of

air-borne transmissible diseases should
not attend school.

Common helminths and the problems they cause include the following:

 Roundworm: Roundworms hatch and live in the intestines. The eggs usually
enter the body through contaminated water or food or on fingers placed in the
mouth after the hands have touched a contaminated object. Symptoms of
their presence include fatigue,weight loss, irritability, poorappetite,  abdominal
pain and diarrhea.
 Pinworm: Also called seatworms and threadworms,  pinworms hatch and live
primarily in the intestines
 Trichina spiralis: This worm lives in the
intestines and causes a serious illness known
as trichinosis. The eggs usually enter the body
via raw or undercooked pork, sausage or bear
meat.
[Link]
 Tapeworm: Tapeworms live in the intestines. lustration/[Link]

The eggs usually enter the body via raw or

uncooked beef.
 Fluke: Flukes live in different locations in
the body, including the intestines, bladder,
rectum, liver, spleen, lungs, and veins.
Flukes first mature inside freshwater
snails. After leaving the snails, they can
enter the body of humans by penetrating
the skin of
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persons swimming, bathing, or washing in
water where flukes are active.
[Link]
why-microbiology-
matters/what-is-

Enrichment Activities:
Activity 3: What do you know?

In a clean sheet of paper, draw your palm and fingers on it. Recall the
healthful things your parents have done to you since you were a baby up to the
present in order to prevent you from getting sick.
Write each one on each finger in three minutes. Share it with your siblings.

If in the sharing, the following words are mentioned, list them down and find
out how they will be explored in the following activities.

Immunity, vaccines, personal hygiene, physical fitness, and/ or biofeedback.

Did you know ? Fill in each blank with appropriate entry/word. Then,
follow these guidelines to reduce the spread of infections.
There are three
levels of preventing  ________ everyday to keep your skin, hair, and
diseases: primary, nails clean.
secondary, and  Avoid sharing _________ or drinking utensils.
tertiary. In primary  Store & prepare food in a safe way to prevent food
prevention, activities _______________.
are done to prevent  _______ your hands after using the toilet and
one from having the wash your hands before and ___________ eating.
disease. This  If you are sick, avoid sharing your sickness to
includes getting others. Cover your ________ when coughing.
immunized, eating a  There are three other ways to protect yourself
healthy diet, and from _______________ diseases. You can
getting enough become ___________ by having the disease. You
sleep. The can be immunized by injection. If a
secondary _____________ is available, then you can
prevention activities practice bio______back.
are done to prevent  There are three levels of prevention.
further damages 1) The P__________ level is used before the
when the disease person gets
has already started. the disease.

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This includes 2) The S_______________ level is used after the
prompt diagnosis disease has occurred, but before the person
and treatment. For notices that anything is wrong.
the tertiary 3)The T______________ level targets the
prevention, the person who already has symptoms of the
focus is on disease; to lessen the damage and pain from the
rehabilitating the disease, to slow down the disease, prevent it from
sick person so as to causing complications, give the best care and to
prevent long-term make the sick healthy again.
complications of the
disease.

EVALUATE YOUR ANSWER:

If you got 13 correct answers, it means that you are very much concern and helps
reduce the spread of infections.
If you got 11-12 correct answers, it means that you are much concern and helps reduce
the spread of infections.
If you got 6 – 10 correct answers, it means that you are concern in the reduction of the
spread of infections.
If you got 1-5 correct answers, it means that you are in danger of getting infected.

Activity 4: MATCH and CONNECT

Carefully read each numbered entry and choose from the word pool the
appropriate term being described. Help them do the following:

CHAIN MEANING/DEFINITION

is an organism with the ability to cause diseases. The greater the

1. organism's virulence (ability to grow and multiply), invasiveness
(ability to enter tissues) and pathogenicity (ability to cause
diseases), the greater the possibility that the organism will cause an
infection. Infectious agents are bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa and
parasitic worms.
is a place within which microorganisms can thrive and reproduce.
2. For example, microorganisms thrive in human beings, animals, and
inanimate objects such as water, table tops, and doorknobs. The
most common reservoir is the human body.

provides a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir. For

3. example, the microorganism may leave the reservoir through the
nose or mouth when someone sneezes or coughs. Microorganisms,
carried away from the body by feces, may also leave the reservoir
through an infected bowel.

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the mode of transmission is the method by which the organism
4. moves from one host to another. The mode of transmission are
contact, droplet, air-borne, food-borne/water-borne, Vector-borne
(usually insect)
an opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host. This
5. includes body orifices, mucus membranes, or breaks in the skin.
Tubes placed in body cavities, such as urinary catheters, or from
punctures produced by invasive procedures such as intravenous
fluid replacement can also serve as portal of entry.

a person who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body lack

6. due to immunity of physical resistance to overcome the invasion by
the pathogenic microorganism.

Word Pool:

MODE OF TRANSMISSION PORTAL OF EXIT RESERVOIR

PATHOGEN PORTAL OF ENTRY SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

Generalization:
Activity 5: Share and Care
In the context of disease transmission, what does the following represent?
A. ball
B. leader
C. act of passing the ball
D. student having paints on their hands
E. How would you name the activity?

B. ___________________

A. ____________ C. ____________________

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E. ________________________ D. _____________

Application:

Activity 6: Know what you see.

Look at the figure and write down what you should do and what you should
not be doing if you are the one in the picture. Write your answers on the column
provided.
Look at the choices below and write the appropriate answers on their
appropriate columns.

WHAT I SHOULD DO WHAT I SHOULD NOT BE DOING

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4

Figure 2
CHOICES:
1. Drink from somebody’s bottle/glass.
1. Drink water all the time. I use my own 2. Use my comb alone and won’t share it
bottle/glass in drinking. with others.
2. Use the comb properly. 3. Not to share my towel or use others’
3. Use my own towel. towel.
4. Use clean socks and change it everyday. 4. Share my socks to others or use others’
5. Wash hands with soap and water. socks.
5. Be lazy in washing my hands before and
after using them.

Posttest:

Multiple Choice. Direction: Read the statement carefully and choose the correct
answer.

1. It is the illnesses cause by infectious agent that occurs through the direct or
indirect transmission of the infectious agent via an animal, vector or the inanimate
environment to a susceptible human host.
a. Non-Communicable diseases b. Communicable diseases
c. Mode of transmission d. Vector transmission

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2. What parasite that hatch and live in the intestines where eggs usually enter the
body through contaminated water or food or on fingers placed in the mouth after the
hands have touched a contaminated object.
a. Ringworm b. tapeworm c. roundworm d. pinworm
3. What is the other term for pin worm?
a. seat worm b. armworm c. analworm d. tickworm

4. It is a single celled-organism that is protist and is capable of movement. Most of

these are harmless and they are most common in tropical areas that have poor
sanitation.
a. Fungi b. Bacteria c. Protozoans d. Parasitic
worm
5. It is a microorganism that cause diseases and can damage the host.
a. Pathogens b. virus c. Bacteria d. Fungi
6. It lives in the human mouth and intestines and on our skin. These pathogen helps
protect us from harmful bacteria.
a. Resident bacteria b. Toxin bacteria c. Rickettsia d. Fungi

7. It is a microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or

reproduce apart from a living cell.
a. Virus b. Bacteria c. Protozoans d. Parasitic
worm
8. What parasites where eggs usually enter the body via raw or undercooked pork,
sausage or bear meat?
a. Trichina spiralis b. Fluke c. Tapeworm d. Pinworm
9. What parasite that lives in different locations in the body, including the intestines,
bladder, rectum, liver, spleen, lungs, and veins.
a. Fluke b. Roundworm c. Pinworm d. Tapeworm
10. The following are the example of vector transmission EXCEPT;
a. Malaria b. Tuberculosis
c. Japanese encephalitis d. Dengue Fever
11. What should be done when sneezing and coughing?
a. Open your mouth wide
b. Cover your mouth

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c. Let everything out from your mouth
d. Drink from somebody’s bottle/glass

12. When you are in public places, what will you do to avoid communicable
diseases?
a. Take different kinds of vitamins.
b. Keep a distance of at least one meter from another person
c. Barrow ballpen from unknown person in registering your name in the mall
d. Wear your hat always
13. What level of prevention are done to prevent further damages when the disease
has already started?
a. Primary level b. Tertiary level
c. Secondary level d. None of these
14. What mode of transmission when a person was suffering common cold?
a. Contact transmission b. Food burn transmission
c. Droplet transmission d. Vector transmission
15. What do you call a bacteria that digest nonliving food materials such as milk and
meat.
a. Tetanus b. Parasites c. saprophytes d. Fungi

Additional Activities:
Use Worksheets

Prepared by: MILDRED M. CALZADORA

(Writer)

Quality Assurance Team ALBERTO S. AURESTILA

Education Program Supervisor in MAPEH
(Content and Language Evaluator / Reviewer)

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MERLY J. OMAMBAC
Education Program Supervisor in LRMDS
(TA) (Module Design/Format Evaluator/Reviewer)

BENIGNO S. GONZAGA
Division Illustrator (Designate)
Layout Artist Evaluator/Reviewer

Recommending Approval: GENDA P. DE GRACIA, Ed. D.

Chief Education Program Supervisor
Curriculum Instruction Division (CID)

Approved ROSALIE M. PASAOL Ed. D., CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
References:
Book
Department of Education, [Link] Education and Health 8 Learners Module. Philippines:
Vacarish Publication and Trading, Inc.
Online Image Credits
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
coronavirus-indoors-143732
[Link]
[Link]

Website
[Link]
[Link]

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS
City of Naga, Cebu Division
WORKSHEET 1
HEALTH 8 (Quarter 3, Week 2)
Know what you see:

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Look at the figure and write down what you should do and what you should not to do
if you are the one in the picture. Write your answers on the column provided.
Look at the choices at the next page and write the appropriate answers on their
appropriate columns.
WHAT I SHOULD DO WHAT I SHOULD NOT BE DOING

CHOICES:
1. Drink from somebody’s bottle/glass.
1. Drink water all the time. I use my own 2. Use my comb alone and won’t share it
bottle/glass in drinking. with others.
2. Use the comb properly. 3. Not to share my towel or use others’
3. Use my own towel. towel.
4. Use clean socks and change it everyday. 4. Share my socks to others or use others’
5. Wash hands with soap and water. socks.
5. Be lazy in washing my hands before and
after using them.

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Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS
City of Naga, Cebu Division

WORKSHEET 2
HEALTH 8 (Quarter 3, Week 3)
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Did you know?
Direction: Read the letter from Calvin Paul to Naomi and fill-in the art graphic in the next
page.

Dear Naomi,

I received your text message about the Factors that Influence Disease
Transmission. Anyway, thank you for this opportunity to share to you what I
learned in my medical training.
As far as I can remember, the following are factors that influence disease
transmission. 1) Environmental Factors. Sanitation and sanitation facilities
can affect the transmission of diseases where food and water can become
contaminated because of poor sanitation. Pollution also plays a major role in
disease transmission as evidenced by floods during the rainy season. These
floods were the culprits in the spread of Leptospirosis.

Climate takes its role as an environmental factor. In our country we only have the
dry and wet seasons where various microorganisms that can cause morbidity
can thrive on each of these seasons. 2) Socio-economic Factors. Cultural
practices influence disease transmission. For instance, there are some places in
the Cordilleras where people drink wine after a tiring day of planting and when
they drink they use one glass to show unity. I also experience one culture among
the Ilocanos, in a barrio where I had my medical practice, that all the members of
the family are to wash their hands in one basin of water before they eat.
Living arrangements in some cultures where people tend to live near their
livestock without knowing that these can be sources of diseases. Prostitution due
to economic factors where the poor tend to engage themselves into this activity is
one avenue for the transmission of communicable diseases as well.
There are other factors but for now these are the things I can share you. I
encourage you to read books that can give you more information.

Have a nice day,

Calvin Paul

Title

What is the title?

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What are
the factors?

What are the things that affect the factors?

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS
City of Naga, Cebu Division

WORKSHEET 3
HEALTH 8 (Quarter 3, Week 4)

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Direction: Make a poster on how to prevent Communicable diseases.

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