Ministry of Higher Education and

Scientific Research
Dhi Qar University
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Department (Evening study)

Name : Ahmed Ameer Shaker

Department : Mechanical
Engineering
Stage : First - Evening
Group : - B -

Dr. Hassan Raheem

2020
1. Introduction
The simple present, present simple or present indefinite is one of the verb
forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly
referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about
aspect in addition to present time. The simple present is the most commonly
used verb form in English, accounting for more than half of verbs in spoken
[1]
English.

It is called "simple" because its basic form consists of a single word (like
write or writes), in contrast with other present tense forms such as the
present progressive (is writing) and present perfect (has written). For
nearly all English verbs the simple present is identical to the base form
(dictionary form) of the verb, except when the subject is third-person
singular, in which case the ending -(e)s is added. There are a few verbs with
irregular forms, the most notable being the copula be, which has the simple
present forms am, is, and are.

2. PRESENT SIMPLE & Formation [3]

We use PRESENT SIMPLE to describe an action that is regular, true or
normal.

Form SUBJECT + SIMPLE VERB + OBJECT

OBJECT
We use the present tense:
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
 I take the train to the office.
 The train to Tabriz leaves every hour.
 Sara sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.
 The President of The USA lives in The White House.
 A dog has four legs.
 We come from Iran.

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3. For habits.
 I get up early every day.
 Mina brushes her teeth twice a day.
 They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

 It rains a lot in winter.
 The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
 They speak English at work.

3. Conjugation & Spelling

Do not forget : in the third person, we add 'S' in the third person.

I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home

he / she / it speaks / learns English at home

 The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on
the ending of that verb:
 For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third
person.
 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes

 For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries
NOTE : For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys

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4. Negative Sentences
To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with
[3]
all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

 Affirmative: You speak French.

 Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't
when the subject is I, you, we or they.
 Affirmative: He speaks German.
 Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the
verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in
the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative
sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Don't = Do not

Contractions Doesn't = Does not

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in

spoken English.

 Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in
English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

I / you / we /
don't have / buy eat cereal for
they
/ like etc. breakfast
he / she / it doesn't

* Verb : The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive
without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have
part.

3
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and
it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

 Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

 You don't speak Arabic.
 Saman doesn't speak Italian.
 We don't have time for a rest.
 It doesn't move.
 They don't want to go to the party.
 She doesn't like fish.

5. Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no
translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It
[3]
is normally put at the beginning of the question.

 Affirmative: You speak English.

 Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make
it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.
 Affirmative: He speaks French.
 Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the
affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in
the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the
question.
We will see the reason why below.

 Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do
or Does.

4
I / you / we /
Do have / need
they a new bike?
want etc.
Does he / she / it

* Verb : The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive
without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have
part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and
[3]
it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

 Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

 Do you need a dictionary?
 Does Maryam need a dictionary?
 Do we have a meeting now?
 Does it rain a lot in winter?
 Do they want to go to the party?

 Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions, that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct
questions as follows:

Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don't.

Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate? Yes, we do. No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.

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6. Solved exercises.[2]

Ex.1 Lives around the world p.12

Maria Hernandez 2 5 7
Vichai 1 3 6
Uma and Sanjit Singh 8 4 9

Ex.2 Sentence completion p.13

(1) sell (2) doesn’t close (3) don’t visit (4) has (5) takes (6) finishes

(7) doesn’t provide (8) graduate, want (9) have/eat (10) earn/make (11) hate

Ex.3 Questions p.13

1 What does the corner shop sell?

2 What time does it open?
3 Why don’t Uma and Sanjit go to the movies anymore?
4 Where does Maria’s father work?
5 Where does she live?
6 How many students are in each class at her school?
7 What languages do her teachers speak?
8 How does she usually go to school?
9 What does she want to do when she finishes school?
10 Who does Vichai live with??
11 What does he enjoy playing?
12 Does he like living in Bangkok?

6
Ex.4 Negatives p.13

2 Electric cars don't need petrol.

3 In Britain, police officers don’t carry guns.
4 Selfish people don’t think of other people.
5 Real Madrid players don’t wear red.
6 I’m unemployed. I haven’t got/don’t have a job.
7 My father’s bald. He hasn’t got any hair.
8 They’re penniless. They haven’t got any money.
9 Kangaroos don’t live in Mexico.

7. References.

1. "Simple Present Tense". Ginseng English. Retrieved 2018-08-16.

2. New Headway Plus Intermediate – workbook - Oxford University – p (12
- 14)
3. Dr. Yalda Alaei, Present Simple YEnglish Lecture.