MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 1: SIMPLE PRESENT

I. FORMS
✓ Positive/Affirmative form

Subject +verb (s/es/ies) +complement.

Examples
I study English at CICI.
The sun rises in the east.
My sister studies English at CICI.
I come from Kampong Cham province.
My brother washes the dishes.
Bonita lives in Phnom Penh.
My sister live in Phnom Penh.
Subject + be (is/am/are) + noun/adjective…
Examples
She is my sister.
You are my friend.
I am a teacher at CICI.
I am from Kampong Cham province.
My father is a farmer.
✓ Negative form
Subject +do/does+ not+ verb+ complement.
Examples
I don`t study English at CICI.
The sun doesn`t rise in the west.
My sister doesn`t study English at CICI.
I don`t come from Kampong Cham province.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 1

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

My brother doesn`t wash the dishes.

Bonita doesn`t live in Phnom Penh.
My sisters don`t live in Phnom Penh.
She doesn`t go to school every day.
Subject + be (is/am/are) +not +noun/adjective…
Example
She isn`t my sister.
You are not my friend.
I am not a teacher at CICI.
I am not from Kampong Cham province.
My mother isn`t a farmer.
You aren`t my teacher.
Contraction
Do not =don`t does not =doesn`t
Is not = isn`t are not =aren`t
✓ Question/ Interrogative form
Do/Does + subject + verb + complement?
Examples
Does the sun rise in the east?
Why does the sun rise in the east?
Does my sister study English at CICI?
Why do you study English over there?
Do you come from Kampong Cham?
Where do you come from?
Does my brother wash the dishes?
Does she go to school every day?

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 2

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Be (Is/Am/Are) + Subject +noun /adjective…?

Examples
Is she my sister?
Are you my friend?
Are you a teacher at CICI?
Are you from Kampong Chen?
Where are you from?
Is your mother old?
Is your father a farmer?
What is your job?
II. Use
We use present simple to talk about:
1. An action that happens again and again (a habit or repeated action)
Examples
Bonita usually gets up at 7 o`clock in the morning.
I teach English every day.
Linda cleans her car two times a week.
Bora always drinks ten cups of coffee a day.
I usually get up at 8.30.
My sister goes to work by bus every day.
He smokes ten cigarettes a day.
2. A fact that is always true (General truths/ facts).
Examples:
The earth moves around the sun.
Linda comes from kampong Cham province.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 3

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Sanita has five siblings.

Fire is hot.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
My daughter has brown eyes.
Some birds fly south in winter.
Where are you from?
Where do you come from?
I am kampong Chen province.
Vegetarians don`t eat meat.
California is in America.
3. a fact that is true for a long time (a state/long term situations).
Examples
Sopheak is a student.
Sanita lives in Phnom Penh.
Dary works in ACLEDA bank.
My father prefers coffee to tea.
Anita`s sister works in Anti –Corruption Unit.
4. With state verbs
The state verbs are Know, understand, like, love, think, believe,
Remember, hate, have, be, hear, etc.
Examples:
I know her very well.
I am here now.
She is not here now.
He needs help right now.
He does not need help now.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 4

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

He has his passport in his hand.

Do you have your passport with you?
Theary is hungry. She wants something to eat.
Linda understands what you speak.
5. Future actions relating to timetables/schedules, programmes and
public transportation, etc.
Examples
The bus to Sihanouk Ville leaves at 7 tomorrow.
Today is Monday, so tomorrow is Tuesday.
Our semester ends on 14 February.
What time does your class start this afternoon?
The plane leaves Phnom Penh International Airport at 7:45 a.m.
My English class starts tomorrow.
What time does the film start?
It is my birthday tomorrow.
Remember
1. We often use adverb of frequency with the present simple Adverbs
of frequency:
- Always
- Usually
- Frequently/often
- Sometimes/occasionally
- Not often
- Hardly ever
- Seldom/rarely
- Never

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 5

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Examples
I always go to church with my sister
I never eat anything after 10 PM.
She is always late for work.
Monika always plays football with me.
Linda often goes to the cinema with her friends.
I rarely see Bora these days.
2. Adverbs of frequency goes before the main verb, but after the verb
BE (is/am/are).
Subj + Adv of frequency + Verb(s, es, ies) + complement.
Examples
I rarely see Phearak these days.
I don’t often go to bed late.
My sister always pays attention to my class.
Subj + Be (is, am, are) + Adv of frequency + noun/ adjective……

Examples
Linda is always late for class.
They are usually in a hurry in the morning.
I am never late for my work.
3. “Sometimes” and “Usually” can go at the beginning, middle, and at
the end.
Examples
Sometimes I go shopping with my girlfriend.
I sometimes go shopping with my girlfriend.
I go shopping with my girlfriend sometimes.
Usually I go shopping with my girlfriend.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 6

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

I usually go shopping with my girlfriend.

I go shopping with my girlfriend usually.
But: never, always, rarely, seldom, and often cannot move their location.
Examples
I go to the movies always.
Always I go to the movies.
I go to the movies never.
Never I go to the movies.
4. We often use expression of repeated time with the Present Simple
✓ Expressions of repeated time are every day, on Sundays, on
Mondays, at the weekend, every night, every week, every month,
and every year. They always go at the end of the sentences.
Examples
Sopheak plays football every day.
Anita visits her parents on Sundays.
I go for a walk at riverside every Sunday.
How much money do you earn every month?

• The spelling of Verb + -s when using with third person singular

1. The normal rule is to add –s to the base form of the verb.
Examples
I love dancing.
She loves dancing.
He wants to learn English.
She drives her car very fast.
Linda wants to improve her knowledge of English.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 7

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Dada learns English at ACTIS.

2. Add –es if the verb ends in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, and –o.
Examples
I watch TV every day.
Bora watch TV every day.
He finishes his homework.
She misses me every night.
My student rushes to finish his assignment.
She always fixes my phone.
Bora catches the train at 6 a.m.
She always relaxes when she come home.
She goes to school.
My sister washes her clothes every evening.
My girlfriend always kisses me when I wake up.
Bora washes his car a week.
3. If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, change the –y to –ies.
Example:
I study English.
She studies English.
She always carries you home when you are drunk.
Linda tries very hard.
Mary cries.
Your father worries about you.
My sister tries her best to do the presentation.

4. But if the verb ends in a vowel + -y, add –s.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 8

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Example:
I buy a grammar book.
She buys a grammar book.
Kunthea stays at home.
My sister plays tennis every evening.
Bora enjoys listening to music.
Anita rarely says anything.
Dalos always obeys his parents.
My brother plays with his friends in the garden.
• Pronunciations of Spellings (S)
Keep in mind the rules for the pronunciation of –S at the end of a
word. This applies to the 3rd person singular the Simple Present tense.
1. S is pronounced / s / when the verbs have the following ending
sounds:
/f/ /k/ /p/ /t/ /Q /
-f(e) -k(e) -p(e) -t(e) -th
-gh -c
Briefs cooks stops hits baths
Knifes strikes wipes bites coughs
Mimics ship laughs
2. S is pronounced / iz / when the verbs have the following ending sounds:
/ s/ /z/ /tf/ /∫/ /d3/
-s(e) -z(e -ch -sh -ge
-c(e) -s(e) -dge
Buses buzzes catches finishes advantages
Notices freezes watches dishes bridges
Promises uses marches washes manages
3. S is pronounced / z / when the verbs have the following ending sounds: /r/,
/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /Q/, or any vowel sound.
PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 9
Example
Breathes begs fears goes cabs wears
MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

I. Write the 3rd person singular of the following verbs.

1. eat eats 21. move ……………….
2. read …………. 22. stop ……………….
3. put …………. 23. listen ……………….
4. fix …………. 24. take ……………….
5. drink …………. 25. Go ……………….
6. Fly …………. 26. Write ……………….
7. Do …………. 27. Sit ……………….
8. Think…………. 28. Choose ……………….
9. Make…………. 29. Match ……………….
10. Pay …………. 30. Laugh ……………….
11. Match…………. 31. Wear ……………….
12. Cry ………..... 32. Pay ……………….
13. Want …………. 33. Enjoy ……………….
14. Study…………. 34. Pray ……………….
15. Buy …………. 35. Pass ……………….
16. Miss …………. 36. Catch ……………….
17. Relax………….. 37. Tidy ……………….
18. Have ………….. 38. Worry ……………….
19. Apply………….. 39. Bury ……………….
20. Need ………….. 40. Say ……………….

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 10

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

II. Circle the correct answer.

1. She ……….. four languages.
a. Speak b. speaks
2. Jane is a teacher. She ………..French.
a. Teach b. teaches
3. When the kettle …………., will you make some tea?
a. Boil b. boils
4. I always ………….. the window at night because it is cold.
a. Close b. closes
5. Those shoes …………… too much.
a. Cost b. costs
6. The food in Japan is expensive. It ……………. A lot to live there.
a. Cost b. costs
7. His job is great because he ………….. a lot of people.
a. Meet b. meets
8. He always ……………… his car on Sundays.
a. Wash b. washes
9. My watch is broken, and it ………….to be fixed again.
a. Need b. needs
10. I ………….. to watch movies.
a. Love b. loves
11. I ………….to the cinema at least once a week.
a. Go b. goes
12. They never …………… tea in the morning.
a. Drink b. drinks
13. We both …………….. to the radio in the morning.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 11

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

a. Listen b. listens
14. He ………….a big wedding.
a. Want b. wants
15. George ……….. too much so he’s getting fat.
a. Eat b. eats
16. The earth …………… rounds the Sun, doesn’t it?
a. Go b. goes
17. The shops in England ………….. at 9:00 in the morning.
a. Open b. opens
18. The post office ……….. at 5:30 pm.
a. Close b. closes
19. Jackie …………….two children now.
a. Has b. have
20. Mr. Smith ……………….too much. He always has a cigarette in his
mouth.
a. Smoke b. smokes
III. Put the verb into the correct form (Present Simple).
1. I ………………(study) English from my teacher.
2. Nita …………… (study) English with me.
3. What does Nita …………….. (study) with you?
4. Sreyroth …………. (play) football every evening.
5. Sonita …………………..(watch) TV with her parents every night.
6. Anita ……………………(be) a university student studying at CICI.
7. You ……………………(not/be) a man of great learning.
8. we ………………………(live) in Svay Rieng province.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 12

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 2: PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

I. Forms
• Positive/Affirmative form

Subject + am/is/are + V-ing + complement.

Example
I am studying English at CMU.
My sister is studying English at CICI.
I am writing a letter to my girlfriend.
My brother is washing the dishes.
Bonita is staying in Phnom Penh.
Peter is flying to New York now.
• Negative form
Subject + am/is/are + not + V-ing + complement.
Example
I am not studying English at CICI.
My sister isn’t studying English at CICI.
My brother isn’t washing the dishes.
Bonita isn’t staying in Phnom Penh.
• Question/ Interrogative form

Example:
Is your sister studying English at CICI?
Is her brother washing the dishes?
What are you doing now?
Why are you looking at me like that?
Are you listening to me?

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 13

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

II. Use
We use present progressive to:
1. Show an action that is happening at the time of speaking
Examples:
Look! They are kissing each other.
Don’t turn the TV off. I am watching it.
You are learning English.
I am teaching English.
I am sitting in room 203.
They are reading their books.
What are you doing?
I am explaining the present progressive at the moment.
You are sitting in the classroom.
Linda is smiling at me.
Be quiet! I am watching TV.
2. Show an action that is happening around now but not at the time of
speaking
Examples:
I am reading a love story book. It is very interesting. I will lend it to
you when I have finishes it.
I am not reading the book at the time of speaking. I mean that I have
started it but has not finishes it yet. I am in the middle of reading it.
I am writing an advanced Academic Writing book these days.
My brother is studying English at CMU.
Don’t take this book to the library. Tola is reading it.
Sonita is taking an English class this month.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 14

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

These days I am pursuing my MA in English at Norton University.

I am working hard these days, for I want to have enough money to get
married.
3. Talk about a temporary action
Examples:
Bora is a student at CICI, but he is working as a waiter during the
holidays.
I am staying with friends until I find a place of my own.
She drives to work, but this week she is taking a bus.
I am staying with my girlfriend until I graduate from NU.
4. Talk about something that is changing, developing, or progressing.
Example
AIDS is decreasing gradually in our country.
The world’s population is rising very fast.
The world’s temperature is get are ting hotter and hotter from day to
day.
The number of graduate students in Cambodia is increasing.
The poor in Cambodia getting poorer and poorer, but the rich are
getting richer and richer.
The number of people without jobs is increasing at the moment.
Gold is becoming more expensive.
5. Talk about future arrangements (the event is planned or decided.)
Example
I am meeting my boss this afternoon at 3 pm.
She is getting married next month.
You are having lunch with Mr. John Tomorrow.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 15

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

What time are you meeting your director?

We are meeting at 9 pm tonight.
6. Complaint about somebody’s bad habits
• The Present progressive with words such as “always”, constantly,
and forever” expresses annoyance. Notice that the meaning is like
Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the
words “always”, constantly, and forever” between “be” and
“verb+ing”.
Example:
You are always smoking in my bedroom.
You are forever coming late.
She is constantly disturbing me.
She is always coming to class late.
He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
I don’t like them because they are always complaining.
REMEMBER Non-Progressive Verbs!
It is important to remember that Non-Progressive Verbs cannot be
used in any progressive tenses. Instead of using Present Progressive with
these verbs, you must use Simple Present.
Examples:
She is loving this chocolate ice cream.
She loves this chocolate ice cream.
I am knowing her very well.
I know her very well.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 16

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

III. The spelling of the verb + ing (present participle)

1. The normal rule is to add –ing to the base form of the verb.

Learn learning
Think thinking
Speak speaking
Go going
Wear wearing
Build building
Meet meeting
Eat eating
Study studying
Drink drinking

2. If the verb ends in one –e leave it out and add –ing.

Live living
Write writing
Close closing
Come coming
Smile smiling
Smoke smoking
Drive driving
Dance dancing
Move moving

3. If the verb ends in –ee, don’t leave it out and add –ing.
See seeing
Agree agreeing
Flee fleeing
Free freeing

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 17

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

4. If the verb ends in one vowel and one consonant, the consonant is
doubled. Stop stopping
Jog jogging
Rub rubbing
Plan planning
Get getting
Swim swimming
Put putting
Run running
Sit sitting
Drop dropping
Chop chopping

Note:
Travel traveling (American English)
Travel travelling (British English)
Cancel canceling (American English)
Cancel cancelling (British English)
Worship worshiping (American English)
Worship worshipping (British English)

Permit permitting
Admit admitting
Regret regretting
Prefer preferring
Begin beginning
Refer referring

Note: Visit visiting

Happen happening
Open opening
Listen listening
Enter entering

5. It the verb ends in –y or –w, don’t double consonant and add –ing
Play playing
Try trying
Cry crying
Show showing
Copy copying

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 18

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

6. if the verb ends in –ie, change -ie to y and add –ing.

Lie lying
Die dying
Tie tying
Exercises
I .Write – ing forms fo the following verbs.
1. Eat eating
2. Read ………………
3. Put ………………
4. Cry ………………
5. Drink ………………
6. Fly ………………
7. Do ………………
8. Think ………………
9. Make ………………
10. Pay ………………
11. Match ………………
12. Cry ………………
13. Cut ………………
14. Study ………………
15. Buy ………………
16. Miss ………………
17. Relax ………………
18. Get ………………
19. Apply ………………
20. Admit ………………
21. Move ………………

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 19

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

22. Stop ………………

23. Listen ………………
24. Take ………………
25. Go ………………
26. Write ………………
27. Sit ………………
28. Choose ………………
29. Match ………………
30. Laugh ………………
31. Wear ………………
32. Pay ………………
33. Enjoy ………………
34. Pray ………………
35. Pass ………………
36. Catch ………………
37. Tidy ………………
38. Worry ………………
39. Bury ………………
40. Say ………………
II. Write the verbs in positive or negative forms.
Examples: you`re talking too much. ( talk )
Let`s go home. It isn`t raining now.(not/rain).
1. Stop the car. I …………………..well. (not/feel)
2. Be careful! You …………………too fast. (go)
3. It`s dark. The lights ………….... (not/work)

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 20

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

4. The phone …………………….but Lida ………………..it. (ring)

(not/answer)
5. A. I ……………………….Anita. Is the here?(look for)
B. I`m sorry. She…………………here this week. (not/work)
She………………………. Our paris office. (visit)
6. A. Hello. Can I speak to Alice, Please?
B. I`m afraid not. She …………….a bath at the moment. (have)
7. Bora and Borath ……………………television. (not/watch)
They ……………………….to some of their favorite music. (listen)
III. Write these verbs in the correct forms.
Choose, cut, get, have, leave, make, plan, write
Example: She`s having a cup of coffee.
1. He ………………..his tools from the garage.
2. The girls ………………..a library book.
3. …………………….. a new grammar book, teacher.?
4. I ………………………to visit Cambodia next year.
5. We ………………….in a minute. Give me your case.
6. Why …………………..the wood into pieces, Dad?

❖ NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS (STATE VERBS)

I. Definitions
- State verbs are verbs that are not normally used in progressive form.
- State verbs are verbs that do not express actions.
- State verbs are verbs that describe something which is true for a long
time.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 21

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

II. Kinds of state verbs

Note: verbs with an asterisk (*) are like the verb state: they can have both
state verbs and progressive meanings and uses.
1. Verbs of thinking and opinions (mental state)
Believe, doubt*,imagine*,know, realize, recognize, suppose, think*
Understand, feel, agree, expect*, forget*, mean*, remember*,notice
Examples
I know the answer. (Not I am knowing the answer.)
I don`t understand. (Not I am understanding.)
I believe in God.
I know his face but I forget his name.
2. Verbs of emotions and feelings (emotional state)
Adore, like, love, dislike, fear, envy, mind, care, surprise, prefer, hate,
Appreciate, please, wish, want,
Examples
I love you very much. (Not I am loving you very much.)
Do you hate me? (Not Are you hating me?)
I like ice-care.
3. Verbs of having and being (possession)
Be*, consist, contain, cost*, exist, mean, owe, own, possess, resemble, seem,
weigh*, become*, belong, need, depend, fit, involve, have*, etc.
Examples:
This book belongs to Linda. (Not This book is belongiog to Linda.)
These shoes cots 5. (Not These shoes are costing 5.)
He has a lot of girlfriends.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 22

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

4. Verbs of senses (sense perceptions)

Feel, hear, look*, smell*, sound, taste*
Examples:
I hear what you are talking. (Not I am hearing what you are speaking)
This food tastes spicy. (Not This food is tasting spicy.)
The food smells good.
My hair feels soft.
Note: some of these verbs can be used in the present progressive, but with a
change of meaning. In the progressive, the verb expresses an activity, not a
state. Compare:
Examples:
I have two sisters and four brothers. (Have = possess: a state verb)
I am having snack. (Have =eat: action verb)
I am having Coca-Cola. (Have= drink: an action verb)
I think you are right. (Opinion)
I am thinking of going to the cinema. ( activity )
I see what you mean. (See= understand)
Are you seeing Anita tomorrow? (activity)
The food tastes awful. (state)
I am tasting the food to see if it needs salt. (activity)
1. Expect
a. I …………………you are hungry after so much hard work. Shall I get
you something?
b. I ………………an important call from America. Could you tell me
when it comes?

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 23

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

2. Guess
a. I ………………you are wondering what I am doing here.
b. That isn`t the answer! You …….! Think before you speak!
3. Have
a. He …………………………….more clothes than a department store.
b. I usually pick up languages quickly, but I ……….difficulties
learning Chinese.
4. Look
a. it ……………………..as if it`s going to rain.
b. what are you doing on your hands and knees?
.......................you……………..for something?
5. See
a. I …………………..what you mean, but I disagree.
b. She …………………….a solicitor about her aunt`s will.
6. Smell
a. Something ………………good in the kitchen. What are you
cooking?
b. why…………………..you ………………..the meat? Do you think it
has gone off?
7. Weight
A. I need to know how much the meat……………….
B. why ……………………..you………………yourself? Do you think
you have put on weight?
8. Have
A. I ………………………lunch with my girlfriend tomorrow.
B. she ………………………three cars and a new house.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 24

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

9. Smell
A. These flowers ……………………good.
B. Hiroki ……………………………..the flowers.
10. Think
a. I ……………………Linda is a kind girl.
b. I ……………………..about this grammar.

Present Simple VS. Present Progressive

Present Simple Present Progressive
1. Things that are always/general true • Something that is happening at or
Ex: The earth moves around the sun. around the time of speaking(now, at
The sun rises in the east. the moment)
Ex: We are studying English.
We are having lunch at the moment.
2. Habits or repeated actions (every day, • The temporary situations
always…..) Ex: Bora is working as a waiter during his
Ex: I listen to music every day. holiday.
3. Facts that are true for a long time • Changes happening now or around
Ex: I am a student. now
Ex: Cambodia population is rising very fast.

4. With state verbs • Cannot be used with state verbs

Ex: I’m hungry. I want something to eat. Ex: I’m hungry. I am wanting something to
eat.
5. Future activities related to timetable or • Future arrangement
public transportation Ex: She is seeing a doctor this evening.
Ex: The train leaves PP at 7:30 am and (She had an arrangement with him already)
arrives in Kampong Cham at 5:00 pm.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 25

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

❖ With adverbs of frequency: always, ❖ With adverbs of frequency: always,

forever, constantly, to describe habits. forever, constantly, to express
Ex: I always do homework when I am annoyance or show that we are
available. unhappy.
Ex: She is always leaving her dirty socks on
the floor.
Subject + V(s, es, ies) + Complement. Subject + am/is/are + Ving + Complement.

Exercises
I. Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that
are wrong.
1. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Right
2. The water boils. Could you turn it off? …………
3. Look! That girl tries to open the door of my car. …………
4. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? …………
5. The moon goes around the earth. …………
6. I have to go now.it gets late. …………
7. I usually go to work by car. …………
8. “Hurry up! It`s time to leave.” “OK, I come.” …………
9. I hear you`ve got a new job. How does it go? …………
10. Listen to those students. What do they talk about? …………
II. Put the verb in the correct form, present progressive or present
simple.
1. I always ……………….. (visit) my former girlfriends with my friends.
2. This year Nita ………………… (study) in grade 10 at bak touk high
school.

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3. Usually Sonita ……………………. (play) tennis with my brother-in

law.
4. Let`s go out.it …………………………(not/ rain) now.
5. Anita is very good at languages. She ………………(speak) four
languages very well.
6. I ……………………………(love) her very much. I can devote my life
for her. ………………………..you …………..(believe) me?
7. Hurry up! Everybody ………………….(wait) for you.
8. “…………………..(you/listen) to her radio?” “no, you can turn it off”.
9. “………………..(you/listen) to the radio every day?” “No, just
occasionally.”
10. The Nile River …………….(flow) into the Mediterranean.
11. The river ……………………..(flow) very fast today –much
faster than usual.
12. We usually …………………. (grow) vegetables in our garden,
but this year we ……………….(not/grow) any.
13. Usually I ………………(finish) work at 5:00, but this week I
………………………..(work) until 6:oo to earn some extra money.
14. “How is your English?” “ Not bad .it ………………(improve)
slowly.
15. Bora is in San Francisco right now. He …………… (stay) at the
Peltol Hotel. He ………………. (always/stay) there when he`s in San
Francisco.
16. Can you stop walking soon? I ……………… (state) to feel fired.
17. “Do you know how to drive?” “I ………………(learn).my father
…………..(teach). Me.”

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

18. My parents ………………. (live) in Chicago. They were born

there and have never lived anywhere else. Where
……………….?(your parents/live)?
19. Anita ………………..(look) for a place to live. She
…………(stay) with her sister until she finds a place.
20. “What ………………(your father/do)?” “He`s an architect, but
he……………….(not/work) at the moment.”
21. The train is never late. It ………….(always/leave) on time.
22. Anita is very messy. She …………(always/leave)her things all
over the place.
23. Linda cannot come to the phone because she
……………(wash)her hair.
24. Linda …………….(wash)her hair every day.
25. Kathy ………………. (sit/usually) in the front row during class,
but today she ………………(sit) in the last row.
26. Please be quiet. I …………….(try) to concentrate.
27. …………………….(you/lock/always) the door to concentrate
when you leave?
28. I wrote to my friends last week. She hasn`t answered my letter
yet. I …………..(wait/still) for a reply.
29. After six days of rain, I`m glad that the sun
……………….(shine) in my bedroom again today.
30. Every morning, the sun ………………(shine) in my bedroom
window and ………………..(wake)mw up.
31. Look! It ……………………(snow).

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 3: PAST SIMPLE

I. Forms
• Positive/affirmative form
Subject + Verb(past tense) + complement.
Examples
I studied English at CICI.
He left at three o’clock.
They arrived three years ago.
My brother washed the dishes.
Bonita lived in Phnom Penh.
My sisters lived in Phnom Penh.
I invited my girlfriend to my party, but she decided not to come.

Subject + Be (was/were) + noun/adjective…..

Examples
When I was a child, I lived in small house by the see.
She was my student at CICI.
I was a teacher of English at ACTIS.
When I was 16, I had a lot of girlfriends.
My parents were farmers in 2000.
I was angry when she had been late.
• Negative forms

Subj + did + not + verb + (object).

Examples
I didn’t study English at CICI.
My sister did not do homework last night.

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She did not forgive me although I admitted my mistakes.

I did not go to school yesterday.
My brother did not wash the dishes last night.
Bonita did not work in Phnom Penh.
Subj + Be (was were) + not + noun/adjective…..
Examples
She was not at home yesterday.
You were not a university student last year.
I was not a teacher at ACTIS.
My father was not a farmer.
You were not my teacher.
Note:
I/You/We/They/He/She/It is used with did.
I/He/She/It is used with was.
They/You/We is used with were.
• Question/Interrogative forms
Did + Subj + Verb (base form) + Complement?
Examples
Did you go to school yesterday?
Why did you study English over there?
Did you use to make her cry?
Didn’t my brother wash the dishes?
Did my brother not wash the dishes?
Did you have any sweet dream last night?

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Be (was/were) + Subj + not + noun/adjective….?

Examples
Were you at home yesterday morning?
Where were you last night?
Why were you there?
Was she a student at CICI last year?
What was your job?
II. Use
We use past simple to talk about:
1. A finished action in the past at a definite/specific time.
Examples
I bought a new mobile phone for my girlfriend yesterday.
Last year I was a year four student at CICI.
I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn’t see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I did not travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
I walked to school yesterday.
I lived in Paris for 10 years.
2. Actions that follow each other in a story(series of actions)
➢ We use the simple past to list a series for completed actions in the
past. These actions happened 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

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Examples
Linda walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully. She
heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. She threw the curtain open,
and then she saw…..
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
with my cute girlfriend.
Once upon a time, in the middle of the jungle, there was a pond. One
day, as an old elephant came to drink, it saw an ant in the pond.
3. A past situation or habit
Examples
I always walked to school when I was young.
My sister went to school late every day when she was in grade 7.
When I was a child, I lived in a small house by the sea.
They never went to school; they always skipped class.
I used to live in a small house.
➢ Remember:
Anita stood under a tree when it began to rain.
When it began to rain, Anita stood under a tree.
If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses,
the action in the when clause happens first.
III. The pronunciation of verb + -ed (past Tense)
- Verb past tenses (V2) are divided into two kinds: regular verbs and
irregular verbs.
- Regular verbs are verbs that add “ed” or “d” in past tense
- Irregular verbs are verbs that change their forms in past tense.

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1. (-id) after “d” or “t”

Want wanted
Admit admitted
Land landed
Avoid avoided
Permit permitted
Sound sounded
Visit visited
Need needed
Create created
Pretend pretended
Award awarded
Consist consisted

2. (-t) after p, k, sh, s, ch, x, th, or gh

Stop stopped
Cook cooked
Kick kicked
Wash washed
March marched
Pass passed
Box boxed
Bath bathed
Drop dropped
Hope hoped
Punish punished
Watch watched
Miss missed
Relax relaxed
Laugh laughed

3. (-d) after all letters except ( 1&2)

Learn learned
Believe believed
Earn earned
Rub rubbed
Stay stayed
Love loved
Plan planned
Try tried
Enjoy enjoyed,…

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IV. The spelling of verb + -ed ( Past Tense)

1. The normal rule is to add –ed to the base form of the verb.
Learn learned
Want wanted
Help helped
Need needed
Wash washed
Work worked

2. If the verb ends in –e, just add –d.

Live lived
Like liked
Close closed
Hope hoped
Organize organized
Smoke smoked
Smile smiled
Hate hated
Debate debated
Move moved
3. If the verb has only one syllable, with one vowel + one consonant,
double the consonant before adding –ed.
Drop dropped
Stop stopped
Plan planned
Chat chatted
Rob robbed
Chop chopped
Shop shopped
Rub rubbed
➢ But: the consonant is not doubled if it is –y, –w or –y

Play played
Show showed
Pray prayed
Obey obeyed
Stay stayed
Snow snowed
Employ employed

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

4. In most two –syllable verbs, the end consonant is doubled if the

stress is on the second syllable.

Permit permitted
Admit admitted
Prefer preferred
Transfer transferred

But:
Enter entered
Happen happened
Visit visited
Listen listened

5. Verbs that end in a consonant + -y change the –y to –ied.

Carry carried
Satisfy satisfied
Terrify terrified
Classify classified
Study studied
Cry cried
Try tried
But:
Employ employed
Obey obeyed
Enjoy enjoyed
Exercises
I. Write in the past tense of the following verbs.

1. Eat ……….. 5. Drink ………..

2. Put ……….. 6. Fly ………..
3. Read ……….. 7. Do ………..
4. Cry ……….. 8. Think ………..

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9. Make ……….. 26. Write ………..

10. Pay ……….. 27. Sit ………..
11. Match ……….. 28. Choose ………..
12. Cry ……….. 29. March ………..
13. Cut ……….. 30. Laugh ………..
14. Study ……….. 31. Wear ………..
15. Buy ……….. 32. Enjoy ………..
16. Miss ……….. 33. Pray ………..
17. Relax ……….. 34. Pass ………..
18. Get ……….. 35. Catch ………..
19. Apply ……….. 36. Tidy ………..
20. Admit ……….. 37. Worry ………..
21. Move ……….. 38. Bury ………..
22. Stop ……….. 39. Say ………..
23. Listen ……….. 40. Speak ………..
24. Take ………..
25. Go ………..

II. Read, the write the questions for the answers. Use these question
words.
How, what time, when, who, why
Example: Where did Susan Hill go?
Susan Hill went to London last Thursday because she wanted to buy a
wedding present for her sister. She went by train and she got there at
10:30. She met an old friend at the station and they went shopping
together.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

1. …………………………………………………………………………?
She went there last Thursday.
2. ………………………………………………………………………….?
She went by train.
3. ………………………………………………………………………….?
Because she wanted to buy a wedding present.
4. ………………………………………………………………………….?
She got there at 10:30.
5. ………………………………………………………………………….?
She met an old friend.
6. ………………………………………………………………………….?
They met at the station.
III. A friend has just come back from vacation. Ask him about it.
Write your questions.
1. (Where/go?) Where did you go?
2. (go alone?)
………………………………………………………………….?
3. (food/good)
………………………………………………………………….?
4. (stay/at a hotel?)
………………………………………………………………….?
5. (rent/a car?)
………………………………………………………………….?
6. (the weather/nice)
………………………………………………………………….?

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7. (what/ do in the evenings?)

……………………………………………………….?
IV. Completes the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form,
positive or negative.
1. It was warm, so I (take) ………………... off my coat.
2. The movie wasn’t very good. I (enjoy) ……………… it very much.
3. I knew Tola was very busy, so I (bother) ……………………. Her
4. I was very tired, so I (go) ……………………. To bed early.
5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I (sleep) ……………………. Very
well.
6. We went to Tola’s house, but she (be) ……………………. at home.
7. It was a funny situation, but nobody (laugh) …………………….
8. The window was open, and a bird (fly) ……………………. into the
room.
9. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. It (cost) …………………….very
much.
10. It was in a hurry, so I (have) ……………………. time to call
you.

V. Complete the sentences with the past simple of the verbs in

brackets.
1. I …………………….(stop) working at 8 pm.
2. Nick ……………………. (work) in a hotel last summer.
3. We ……………………. (not/see) our friends last summer.
4. …………………….they ……………………. (go) to Greece in July?
5. Alan ……………………. (leave) school in 2005.

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6. When ……………………. you ……………………. (arrive)?

7. Laura ……………………. (fix) my computer for me last night.
8. My grandparents ……………………. (have) a house by the sea.
9. When ……………………. the programme …………………….
(finish)?
10. They ……………………(organize) a surprise party for us.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 4: Past Progressive

I. Forms
• Positive/Affirmative form

Subject + Be(was/were) + verb(ing) + complement.

Examples
I was studying English at CICI.
My sister was studying English at CICI.
My brother was washing the dishes.
Bonita was staying in Phnom Penh.
This time last night I was living in Kampong Cham.
• Negative form

Subject + Be(was/were) + not + Verb(ing) + complement.

Examples
I was not studying English at CICI.
My sister was not studying English at CICI.
My brothers were not washing the dishes.
Bonita was not staying in Phnom Penh.
They were not playing football at 2:00 this afternoon.
• Question/interrogative form

Be(was/were) + subject + verb(ing) + complement?

Examples
Was your sister studying English at CICI?
Was her brother washing the dishes?

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Was Bonita staying in Phnom Penh?

What were you doing at 9 o’clock last night?
Were you listening to me?
II. Use
We use past progressive to:
1. Show an activity that was happening before, and probably after
a particular time in the past.
Examples
What were you doing at 10: 00 last night?
At 7:00 this morning, I was having my breakfast.
You made a lot of noise last night. What were you doing?
I was watching a football match on TV.
This time in 2009, I was living in Kampong Cham.
This time last year, my sister was working for ACLEDA.
What were you doing at 1:00 this afternoon?
2. Show an action that was happening in the past and was
interrupted by another action.
We use the past progressive to indicate that a longer action in the past
was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the
simple past.
In this case, the general rule is to:
When + Subj (1) + Verb(past tense) + … + , + Subj(2) + Verb(ing) + ……….
Subj(1) + Verb(ing) + ……….when + Subj(2) + Verb(past tense) + …
Examples
When it began to rain, Dara was walking down on the street.
Dara was walking down on the street when it began to rain

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When Linda came home, Bormey was watching television.

Bormey was watching television when Linda came home.
When the phone rang, I was having a bath.
I was having a bath when the phone rang.
When Marry came home, her husband was cooking dinner.
Marry’s husband was cooking dinner when she came home.
3. Show two actions happening at the same time in the past
The general rule is:
S1 + past progressive + while + S2 + past progressive.
Or
While + S1 + past progressive + S2 + past progressive +.
Examples
Linda was watching television while Anita was reading a book.
While Anita was reading a book, Linda was watching television
I was having a bath while Linda was watching television.
While Linda was watching television, I was having a bath.
Exercises
I. Write the past progressive sentences in the correct order.
1. Left/playing/when/they/I/were/in the garden

2. I/ when/just leaving/was/rang/the phone/home

3. Laughing/why/me/at/you/were

4. Wasn’t/my computer/couldn’t/I/so/working/send emails

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II. Past progressive and past simple: underline the correct verb
form.
1. I saw/were seeing you in the park yesterday. You sad/were sitting on
the bench with your arms around Anita.
2. I met/was meeting a friend while he did/was doing the shopping a pile
of plates.
3. While we had/were having a drink, a waiter dropped/ was dropping a
pile of plates.
4. She worked/was working quietly at her desk when suddenly the door
opened/was opening and her daughter rushed/was rushing in.
5. Didn’t you meet/were you meeting your wife while you worked/were
working in Phnom Penh?
6. Why didn’t they visit/weren’t they visiting me while they stayed/were
staying in London?
7. What did you write/were you writing when your computer crashed/was
crashing?
8. When I arrived/was arriving, they drank/were drinking beer happily.
9. While we were talking/talked to David, Miss Narry walked/was
walking past our house.
10. I live/was living in Phnom Penh when I met/was meeting my
uncle.
III. Simple past tense and past progressive
Use either the simple past tense or the past progressive in the following
sentences as appropriate.
1. Gene ………………………. (eat) dinner when his friend called.

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2. While Marry was cleaning the apartment, her husband

……………………….. (sleep).
3. At three 0’clock this morning, Eleanor ………………………. (study).
4. When Mark arrived, the Johnsons ………………………. (have)
dinner, but they stopped in order to talk to him.
5. John ………………………. (go) to France last year.
6. When the teacher ………………………. (enter) the room, the students
were talking.
7. While John was writing the report, Anita ……………………….
(look) for more information.
8. We ………………………. (see) this movie last night.
9. Susu ……………………….(write) a letter to his family when his
pencil ………………………. (break).
10. At one time, Mr. Robirts ………………………. (own) this
building.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 5: Present Perfect Simple

I. Introduction to the Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple means “before now”. The Present Perfect
Simple does not show when an action happened. If we say the exact
time, we have to use the Past Simple.
II. Forms
➢ Affirmative form

Subject + have/has + V3 + Complement.

Examples
I have washed the car.
The bus has stopped.
Ann has broken her arms.
Tom has cleaned the car.
The water has just boiled.
I have studied English for five years.
My friends have known me since 2005.
I have taught English at ACTIS for 2 years.
My sister has studied English for five years.
Our new car has just arrived. Come and look.
➢ Negative form
Subject + have/has + not + V3 + Complement.
Examples
I have not washed the car yet.
She has not finished question 2.
Tom hasn’t cleaned the car.

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The water hasn’t boiled yet.

I haven’t studied English at ACTIS.
My sister hasn’t studied English at CICI.
➢ Interrogative form

Have/has + Subject + V3 + Complement?

Examples
Have you repaired the car yet?
Has she repaired the car yet?
Have you finished your homework yet?
Has Anna finished her homework yet?
Has she finished dinner?
Have you finished dinner?
Have you ever been to France?
Have you ever visited Scotland?
III. Use
We use Present Perfect Simple to talk about:
1. A completed action or event at unexpected
time (indefinite time) in the past.
Examples
They have accepted my application.
I have met a lot of super stars.
I have seen that movie three times.
I think I have met her once before.
People have traveled to the moon.

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People have not traveled to London.

There have been many earthquakes in the Philippines.
2. An action that began in the past and still
continues to the present (unexpected past
action).
Examples
We have loved each other since 2006.
I have learnt English for 6 years.
I have worked as a teacher since 2010.
They have been married for 20 years.
How long have you known each other?
My elder sister has not lived at my house since she was 16 years old.
Note
a. Many languages show this idea with a present tense, but in English
this is wrong.
Examples
Dara is a teacher for five years.
Linda has been a teacher for five years.
b. We use for + duration (a period of time).
Examples
For three years
For a few years
For half an hour
For ages
For five days

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I have known my girlfriend for five years. (a period of time)

My brother has learnt English for three years. (a period of time)

c. We use since + beginning time (a point in time)

Examples
Since 2012
Since April
Since 7 o’clock
Since Valentine’s Day
Since Christmas
I have been a teacher of English since 2014. (a point of time)
We have loved each other since Christmas. (a point of time)
3. An experience
The Present Perfect Simple expresses an experience that happened at some
time in one’s life. The action is finished, but the effects of the action are still
felt.
Examples
I have been to Angkor Wat temple. (I still remember.)
Have you ever had an operation? (at any time in your life)
How many times have you been married? (In your life)
Linda has travelled a lot in Vietnam.
Have you ever been to Japan?
I have never been to any foreign countries.

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✓ Time expressions
• The adverbs ever, never, and before are common with this use.
Examples
Have you ever been to Angkor Wat?
Have you ever been to the United States?
I have never flown in a plane.
I haven’t tried Sushi before.
4. Present result (recent past action)
• The Present Perfect Simple expresses a past action that has a present
result.
• The action is usually in the recent past.
Examples
Bora has lost his wallet. (He hasn’t got it now.)
The taxi has just arrived. (It is outside the door now.)
Anita has broken one of her legs. (She is limping now)
I have read this book. (I know a lot about it now.)
The taxi hasn’t arrived yet. (We are still waiting for it)
What have you done to your lip? (It is bleeding.)
Ann has broken her arm. (It is now broken)
✓ Be careful with Been and Gone
Examples
Linda has been to the United States. (experience – She isn’t there now)
Linda has gone to the United States. (present result – She is there now)
✓ Time expressions

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• The adverbs just, already, and yet are common with this use.
• The adverbs yet and already are used to indicate that something has
happened (or hasn’t happened) at an unspecific time in the past.
Just – positive and question
Already – positive
Yet – negative and question
I. Already usually appears between the auxiliary and the main verbs;
however, it can appear at the beginning or end of the sentence. Yet
appears at the end of the sentence.

Subject + have/has + V3 + Complement + already.

Subject + have/has + already + V3 + Complement.
Already + Subject + have/has + V3 + Complement.

Subject + have/has + not + V3 + ……….. + yet.

Have/has + Subject + V3 + ………. + yet?
Examples
I haven’t done my homework yet.
I have already done my homework.
Have you done your homework yet?
I haven’t been angry with you yet.
The president hasn’t decided what to do yet.
Anita has already recorded the results of the experiment.
I haven’t call my mother yet.
Practice 1: Write the past participles.
1. Eat ……………. 3. Put …………….
2. Read ……………. 4. Fix …………….

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5. Drink ……………. 24. Kiss …………….

6. Fly ……………. 25. Listen …………….
7. Do ……………. 26. Write …………….
8. Think ……………. 27. Sit …………….
9. Make ……………. 28. Choose …………….
10. Pay ……………. 29. Laugh …………….
11. Match ……………. 30. Wear …………….
12. Cry …………….
13. Want …………….
14. Study …………….
15. Buy …………….
16. Miss …………….
17. Relax …………….
18. Have …………….
19. Apply …………….
20. Need …………….
21. Move …………….
22. Stop …………….
23. Take …………….

Practice 2: make sentences in the Present Perfect Simple.

1. You/do/homework?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. You/see/Sarah?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. You/make/decision/yet?

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…………………………………………………………………………
4. How long/know/Dara?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. She/go/China/twice.
…………………………………………………………………………
6. Their plane/just/land.
…………………………………………………………………………
7. Where/you/be?
…………………………………………………………………………
8. I/learn/English for five years.
…………………………………………………………………………
9. You ever/be/to Italy?
………………….......................................................................................
10. Have ever/be/to South America?
………………….......................................................................................
11. You/read/any English book?
………………….......................................................................................
12. You/live/in this town all your life?
………………….......................................................................................
13. How many times/have/be/in love?
………………….......................................................................................
14. You/ever/speak to a famous person?
…………………......................................................................................
Practice 3: Find and correct a mistake in each sentence.
1. I am here since last week.
2. Kevin had his new job for nine months. He love it.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 52

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

3. I lives here for ten years but I am going to move soon.

4. Anna knows Pisey for a year and half.
5. We have been to China in 2000.
6. How long do you have your dog?
7. They have known each other since three days
8. She’s had a sore throat for this morning.
9. Jane was a vet for thirty years and she still enjoys it.
10. How long do you live in this city?
Practice 4: Read the situations and write sentences with the present
perfect simple. Choose one of the following:

Break drop go up grow improve lose turn on

1. Mike is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key.
2. Jennifer can’t walk and her leg is in a cast. She
…………………………….
3. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is much better.
………………….......................................................................................
4. Jason didn’t have a beard last month. Now he has a beard.
………………….......................................................................................
5. Last week the bus fare was 80 cents. Now it is 90.
………………….......................................................................................
6. The temperature was 55 degrees. Now it is only 36.
………………….......................................................................................
7. The light was off. Now it is on. Somebody
…………………………………………………………………………..

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 53

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Practice 5: read the situations and write sentences with the words in
parentheses with just, already, or yet.
1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says: “Would you
like something to eat?” You say: “No, thank you, I’ve just had
lunch.”(have lunch)
2. Joes goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says:
“Can I speak to Joes?” You say: “I am
sorry.…………………………………… (go out)
3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter think you have finished and
starts to take your plate away. You say: “Wait a minute!
…………………...................................................................”(not/finish)

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 54

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 6: Present Perfect Progressive

I. Forms
✓ Positive form

Subject + have/has + been + V -ing + Complement.

Examples
I have been studying English for five years.
I have been teaching English at CICI for five years.
My sister has been studying English for six years.
They have been working here long.
✓ Negative form

Subject + have/has + not + been + V -ing +

Complement.
Examples
I have not been studying English for six months.
They have not been working here long.
She has not been doing her homework.
I have not been walking all morning.
✓ Interrogative form

Have/has + Subject + been + V -ing + Complement?

Examples
How long have you been studying English at ACTIS?
Have you been working here long?
Has she been doing her homework?

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

How long have they been getting married.

II. Use
We use Present Perfect Progressive to talk about:
1. An activity that began in the past and is still continuing now.
Examples
They have been talking for one hour.
She has been working at that company for three years.
James has been teaching at the university since June.
We have been waiting here for over two hours.
I have been studying English for three years.
How long have you been working here?
➢ Sometime there have no difference between the present perfect and
perfect progressive.
Examples
I have played the piano since I was a child.
I have been playing piano since I was a child.
2. A past activity that has caused a present result.
Examples
I have been working all day. (I am tired now.)
Have you been crying? Your eyes are red.)
John has been cutting the grass. (I can smell it.)
Look out of the window! It has been snowing! (It’s stopped snowing now.)
I have been writing this book for three years. (It is still not finished.)
➢ The past activity might be finished or it might not. The context
usually makes this clear.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

➢ Remember non-progressive verbs!

It is important to remember that Non- progressive verbs cannot be used
in any progressive tenses. Instead of using Present Perfect Progressive
with these verbs, you must use Present Perfect Simple.
Examples
Sam has been having his car for two years.
Sam has had his car for two years. Correct
Practice: Present Perfect Simple
A. Write a question for each situation.
1. John looks sunburned. You ask: (you/sit in the sun?) Have you been
sitting in the sun?
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you. You
ask:
(you/wait/long?)……………………………………………………
………………
3. You meet a friend on the street. His face and hands are very dirty.
You ask:
(what/you/do?)………………………………………………………
……………..
4. A friend of yours is now living on Main Street. You want to know
“how long…..?” You ask: (how long/you/live/on Main Street?)
………………………………………………………………………
………………
5. A friend tells you about her job – she sells computers. You ask:
(how long/you/sell
computer?)...........................................................................................

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 57

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

B. Put (✓) next to the right ones and () next to the wrong ones.
1. ………. How long has Linda been living in Phnom Penh?
………. How long has Linda living in Phnom Penh.
2. ………. Linda has been looking for a job.
………. Linda has looked for a job.
3. ………. I have cut my finger.
………. I have been cutting my finger.
4. ………. We live here for five years.
………. We have been living here for five years.
5. ………. How long have you known your girlfriend?
………. How long have you been knowing your girlfriend?
6. ………. Ana’s tired because she has been shopping all day.
………. Ana’s tired because she has shopped all day.
7. ………. I have visited five museums today.
………. I have been visiting five museums today.
8. ………. Bobo has worked as a manageress for a few months.
………. Bobo has been working as a manageress for a few months.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 58

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 7: Past Perfect Simple

I. Introduction to the Past Perfect Simple

Perfect means “Complete before”. The Past Perfect Simple refers to an
action in the past that was completed before another action in the past.
II. Forms
✓ Affirmative form

Subject + had + V3 + Complement.

Examples
I had washed the car.
Ann had broken her arm.
I had had dinner with my father.
She had finished her work at six o’clock.
I had finished my work at six o’clock.
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
✓ Negative form

Subject + had + not + V3 + Complement.

Examples
She had not washed the car.
I had not had dinner with my mother.
My sister hadn’t lived in Kampong Cham.
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
She hadn’t finished her work at six o’clock.
I hadn’t finished my work at six o’clock.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

✓ Interrogative form

Had + Subject + V3 + Complement.

Examples
Had Anita finished her homework yet?
Had you finished dinner?
Had you had dinner with your sister?
Had he left yet?
Had you studied English before you moved to China?
III. Use
We use Past perfect Simple to indicate an action that happened
before another action in the past; there are usually two actions
in the sentence.
Examples
John had gone to the store before he went home.
Jack told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1990.
At the airport I couldn’t find my passport. I had left it at home.
I got the party at 8:00. My friends had already gone.
I didn’t go to the cinema because I had seen the film before.
When I met Linda, she had been married five times already.
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my
apartment and had stolen my DVD player.
The Past perfect Simple is usually used with before, after, or when.
Try the following formulas.
Form
Subject + past perfect simple + before + subject + past simple.
Or
Before + subject + past simple + subject + past perfect simple.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 60

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Examples
John had gone to the store before he went home.
Before he went home, John had gone to the store.

Subject + past simple + after + subject + past perfect simple.

Or
After + subject + past perfect simple, subject + past simple.

Examples
John went home after he had gone to the store.
After he had gone to the store, John went home.
Note:
The adverb when can be used in place of before or after in any of these four
formulas without changing in meaning. We still know which action
happened first because of the use of past perfect simple.
Practice 1: Past Perfect simple and Past simple
Supply the past perfect or simple past in the following sentences.
1. After John ………………….. (wash) his clothes, he began to study.
2. George ………………….. (wait) for one hour before the bus came.
3. Maria ………………….. (enter) the university after she had graduated
from the community college.
4. Jane sent a letter to her university after she ………………….. (receive)
her scholarship check.
5. We corrected our papers after we ………………….. (take) the quiz.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 61

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Practice 2: put one in the past simple and one in the past perfect simple.
1. I …………………..(thank) Anita for everything she
………………….(do).
2. When I got to the office, I …………………..(realize) that I
………………(forget) to lock the front door.
3. When they …………………..(finished) their work, they
………………
(go) home.
4. I took my family to Tokyo last year. I …………………..(be) there as a
student, so I …………………..(know) my way around.
5. I …………………..(be) late for school because my alarm clock
…………………..(not go) off.
6. I ………………(fall) in love with Linda before she ……………(know)
me.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 62

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 8: Past Perfect Progressive

I. Forms
✓ Affirmative form

Subject + had + been + Ving +complement.

Examples
I had been waiting for him since 4:30.
She had been watching TV.
The police had been looking for the criminal for two years.
The audience had been waiting in the living room for an hour.
George had been working at the university for 45 years.
✓ Negative form

Subject + had + not + been + Ving +complement.

Examples
I had not been waiting for him since 4:30.
She had not been watching TV.
The police had not been looking for the criminal for two years.
The audience had not been waiting in the living room for an hour.
George had not been working at the university for 45 years.
✓ Interrogative form

Had + subject + been + Ving +complement?

Examples
Had you been waiting for him since 3:00?
Had she been watching TV?

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 63

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Had the police been looking for the criminal for two years?
II. Use
The Past Perfect Progressive is used to express:
1. An action that had been happening for a period of time before
something else happened
Examples
Anita had been living in New York for teen years before she moved to
California.
The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they
caught him.
The audience had been waiting in the emergency room for almost an hour
before they started the film.
We had been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain
heavily.
John gave up smoking two years ago. He’d been smoking for 40 years.
Eric finally came at six o’clock. I had been waiting for him since four-thirty.
Remember: Non-Progressive Verbs!
It is important to remember that Non- Progressive Verbs cannot be used in
any progressive tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Progressive with these
verbs, you must use Past Perfect Simple.
Examples
This car had been belonging to Anita for years before Sam bought it.
This car had belonged to Anita for years before Sam bought it. Correct

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 64

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 9: Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: “will” and “be going to.”
Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often
express two very different meanings.
1. Will
I. Introduction to Will
The most common use of will is an auxiliary verb to show future
time. It expresses a future fact or prediction. It is called the
Future Simple.
➢ The use of Shall with I or we to express future time is possible
but uncommon in American English. Shall is used more
frequently in British English than American English.
II. Forms
✓ Affirmative form

Subject + will + bare infinitive + complement.

Examples
I will love you.
We will be away for two weeks.
You will be sick if you eat all those sweets!
Laura will do very well in her exam.
The inflation will fall to three percent next year.
✓ Negative form

Subject + will + not + bare infinitive + complement.

Examples
I will not love you.
We will not be away for two weeks.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

You will not be sick if you eat all those sweets!

Laura will not do very well in her exam.
The inflation will not fall to three percent next year.
✓ Interrogative form

Subject + will + not + bare infinitive + complement.

Examples
Will you marry me?
Will you shut the door?
Will you go home?
Will Laura do very well in her exam?
Will the inflation fall to three percent next year?
III. Use
We use Will to:
1. Express a future intention made at the moment of speaking.
Examples 1
A: Linda, what are you doing? I’m going to the supermarket.
Would you like to join me?
B: Ok. Just a minute. I will join you.
Example 2
A: I’m broke today.
B: don’t worry. I will lend you some money.
Example 3
A: It’s Linda’s birthday.
B: Is it? I will buy her some flowers.
2. Express future facts
Examples

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Anita will be 20 next month.

I will be 25 next year.
3. Predict something in the future – something that you know or
believe will happen in the future.
Examples
People will live in space one day.
Our love will last forever.
Don’t worry! I am sure you will pass your exam.
In the year 2016 the world’s population will reach 10 billion.
4. Offer or promise to do something.
Examples
A: It’s hot here.
B: wait a second. I will turn on the fan.
I will carry your suitcase.
We will do the washing-up.
I promise I will love you forever.
5. Ask somebody to do something and to agree or refuse to do it.
Examples
A: you know the book that I lent you. Can I have it back if you’ve
finished with it?
B: Of course, I will give it to you this afternoon.
A: will you post this card for me?
B: yes, I will post it on my way home.
Will you turn on the fan, please?
✓ Note:

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 67

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

a. We use will to predict the future, so the followings are some

words and phrases we use to show how certain we are about
what will happen in the future.
I’ll probably be a millionaire.
I’ll definitely
He’ll almost certainly
I’m sure he’ll be a millionaire.
I expect
I wonder
Maybe
Perhaps
I think
I don’t think
It’s likely that
It’s unlikely that
I have no doubt
It’s possible that
b. We sometimes use shall/shall not instead of will/will not, but
only with I and we. We usually use it for suggestions, offers and
asking for instructions or suggestions.
Examples
You look terrible! Shall we call a doctor?
I’ve finished this job. What shall I do next?

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 68

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

c. Do not use will to express plans or arrangements.

Examples
I cannot see you tomorrow as I am visiting/going to visit my
girlfriends. (not will visit)

2. Be going to
I. Forms
➢ Positive form
Subject + am/is/are + going to + bare infinitive + complement.

Examples
I am going to meet Linda tonight.
She is going to study abroad.
We are going to see a film tonight.
She is going to have a baby.
I am going to be a doctor.
➢ Negative form

Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + bare infinitive +

complement.
Examples
I am going to meet Linda tonight.
She is going to study abroad.
We are going to see a film tonight.
She is going to have a baby.
I am going to be a doctor.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

➢ Interrogative form

Am/is/are + subject + going to + bare infinitive + complement?

Examples
Are you going to meet Linda tonight?
Is she going to study abroad?
Are we going to see a film tonight?
Is she going to have a baby?
Are you going to be a doctor?
What are you going to do this weekend?
II. Use
We use be going to to:
1. Express a prediction, especially when it is based on a present
fact.
There is evidence now that something is certain to happen.
Examples
She is going to have a baby. (We can see she’s pregnant.)
Our team is going to win the match. (It’s four-nil, and there are
only five minutes left to play.)
Look at those black clouds! It is going to rain.
Watch out! That box is going to fall.
Listen to the car! It’s going to break down.
2. Express a future plan, decision, or intention made before the
moment of speaking.
Examples
When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Linda and Bora are going to get married after they graduate.
They are going to sell their car.
What are you going to do after college?
Are you going to get married?
What are you going to do on Sunday?
Practice: Future Simple
A: Write the sentences and questions in the correct order.
1. I’m/on business/New York/going/to.
………………………………………………………………
2. How long/are/stay/with/to/Suzy/going/you/?
………………………………………………………………
3. You/are/be/to/going/very surprised/.
………………………………………………………………
4. Holiday/this/going/a/have/isn’t/she/to/year/.
………………………………………………………………
5. I/rain/it’s/to/going/think/.
………………………………………………………………
B. Choose the correct form.
1. I’ll be/I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.
2. “The phone is ringing!” “Ok, I’ll answer/I’m answering it.”
3. I’m seeing/I’ll see the dentist tomorrow at 10:00.
4. I’ve decided I’m going to get/I’ll get a new job.
5. Helen’s pregnant. She’s going to/she’ll have a baby.
6. Look at the mess! I’ll help/I’m going to help you clear it up.
7. Oh dear, I think I’ll sneeze/I’m going to sneeze.
8. I’m not sure which one to buy. Ok, I’ll take/I’m going to take that one.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

C. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences.

1. A: My suitcase is so heavy!
B: Give it to me. I’ll carry/I’m going to carry it for you.
2. A: I bought some warm boots because I’ll/I’m going skiing.
B: Where did you buy it?
3. A: Linda’s back from holiday.
B: Is she? I’ll give/I’m going to give her a ring I bought for her.
4. We’ll see/ we’re going to see “Romeo” at the Royal Shakespears
tonight. The tickets were very expensive.
5. You can tell me your secretary. I won’t tell/I am not going to tell
anyone else.
6. I hear you and John will get/are going to get married soon!
7. A: I need to get these letters in the post as soon as possible.
B: I’ll go/I’m going shopping soon. I’ll post/I’m going to post them for
you.
8. A: Where will you go/are you going on holiday this year?
B: Japan. What about you?
A: We don’t know yet. Maybe we will go/are going to America.
9. A: Why are you working so hard these days?
B: Because I’ll buy/am going to buy a car, so I’m saving as much as I
can.
10. Shall I tell her I love her? Where is a coin? If it is heads, I’ll tell/I
am going to tell her, and if it’s tails I won’t/am not going to.
11. A: What will you buy/are you going to buy Mary for her
birthday?
B: A CD.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 72

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

A: She hasn’t got a CD player.

B: Oh, I will buy/am going to buy her a record.
12. I have an appointment with the bank manager this morning.
A: Why will you see/are you going to see him?
B: Because my husband and I will make/are going to start our own
business, and we need some money.
13. A: What will you do/are you going to do tonight?
B: It’s John’s birthday, so I will make/I am going to make him a cake.
14. A: I haven’t got enough money to get home.
B: I’ll lend/I’m going to lend you some if you want. How much do you
want?
A: 3 dollars is enough. I’ll give/I’m going to give it back tomorrow.
15. A: Why have you got so many eggs?
B: because I’ll make/I’m going to make pancakes for tea time.

D. Complete the sentences using will(’ll) or be going to.

1. A: Why are you turning on the TV?
B: I’m going to watch the news.(I/watch)
2. A: Oh! I just realized that I don’t have any money.
B: You don’t? Well, don’t worry. …………………..you some. (I/lend)
3. A: I have headache.
B: You do? Wait a second and ………………. An aspirin for you.
(I/get)
4. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B: ………………………….the car.(I/wash)
5. A: I’ve decided to paint this room.

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

B: Oh, really? What color ………………………… it? (you/paint)

6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes, …………………………… something for dinner. (I/buy)
7. A: I don’t know how to use this camera.
B: It’s easy. …………………….. you. (I/show)
8. A: Did you mail that letter for me?
B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. ………………….. it now. (I/do)

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 74

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 10: Future Progressive

I. Forms
➢ Affirmative form

Subject + will + be + Ving + complement.

Examples
We will be working all day.
I will be travelling around the world.
We will be cooking all afternoon.
At 9:00 tomorrow he will be watching TV again.
➢ Negative form

Subject + will + not + be + Ving + complement.

Examples
We will not be working all day.
I will not be travelling around the world.
We will not be cooking all afternoon.
At 9:00 tomorrow he will not be watching TV.
➢ Interrogative form
Subject + will + be + Ving + complement.
Examples
Will we be working all day?
Will you be travelling around the world?
What will you be doing in five years?
What will she be doing?
Where will she be swimming?

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

II. Use
We use Future Progressive to talk about something which will
be in progress at a particular time in the future.
➢ Study this example situation:
Anita loves football and tonight there a big football game on TV. The game
begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. Monika wants to see Anita tonight and wants
to know what time to come over.
Monika: Is it all right if I come at 8:30?
Anita: No, I will be watching the game then.
I am leaving on vacation this Sunday.
This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach or swimming in the ocean.
Don’t call me between 7 and 8. We’ll be having dinner then.
At 10:00 tomorrow, she’ll be working.
Don’t phone me at 9:00. I will be watching TV.
This time tomorrow I will be going to Svay Rieng province.
✓ Compare will be doing with other progressive forms:
- At 10:00 yesterday, Anita was in her office. She was working.
- It’s 10:00 now. She is in her office. She is working.
- At 10:00 tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.
Practice 1
A. Read. Then answer the question. Use these verbs (do, have,
learn, study).
John’s timetable
9.00 9.45 10.30 11.15 12.00 12.45
Science Art French Maths English Lunch

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

What will John be doing at these times?

9.30, 10.00, 10.45, 11.20, 12.20, 1.05
Example: At 9.30 he will be having Science.
1. ………………………………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………………………….
3. ………………………………………………………………….
4. ………………………………………………………………….
5. …………………………………………………………………

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 77

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit 11: Future Perfect Simple

I. Forms
➢ Affirmative form

Subject + will + have + V3 + complement.

Examples
We will have cleaned it by 4:00.
I will have done it before closing time.
The new manager will have started work by 1st May.
Linda will have done the work by 1:30.
➢ Negative form

Subject + will + not + have + V3 + complement.

Examples
We will not have cleaned it by 4:00.
I will not have done it before closing time.
The new manager will not have started work by 1st May.
Linda will not have done the work by 1:30.
➢ Interrogative form
Will + subject + have + V3 + complement?
Examples
Will we have cleaned it by 4:00?
Will you have done it before closing time?
Will the new manager have started work by 1st May?
Will Linda have done the work by 1:30?

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MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

II. Use
We use Future Perfect Simple to talk about something which
will already be completed before a time in the future.
➢ Study this example situation:
Anita loves football and tonight there a big football game on TV. The game
begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. Monika wants to see Anita tonight and wants
to know what time to come over.
Monica: Is it all right if I come at 8:30?
Anita: No, I will be watching the game then.
Monika: Well, what about 9:30?
Anita: fine. The game will have ended by then.
Linda: I need these shoes at 4:00 tomorrow. Will it be ready?
Bora: Oh, yes. I will have done them by then.
Anita always leaves for work at 8:30 in the morning, so she won’t be home
at 9:00. She will have gone to work.
We ate late. The movie will already have started by the time we get to the
theater.
By the year 2016 the proportion of older people will have increased
dramatically.
Bobo will have already been married to a man by this time next year.
Compare will have done with other perfect forms:
- Bora and Anita have been married for 24 years.
- Next year they will have been married for 24 years.
- When their first child was born, they had been married for two years.

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 79

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Practice: Read. Then write statements.

Tessa Black is 16. She wants to be a famous writer. These are her
ambitions.
By the age of:
18 – sell some short stories
20 – write a book of short stories
25 – produce a play in London
30 – publish a best-seller novel
35 – win an important international prize
40 – make a lot of money
Examples: by the age of 18, she hopes she’ll have sold some short
stories.
1. By the age of 20, she hopes she
………………………………………
2. By the age of 25, she hopes she
………………………………………
3. By the age of 30, she hopes she
………………………………………
4. By the age of 35, she hopes she
………………………………………
5. By the age of 40, she hopes she
………………………………………

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 80

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Unit12: Future Perfect Progressive

I. Forms
➢ Affirmative form
Subject + will + have + been + ving + complement.

➢ Negative form

Subject + will + not +have + been + ving + complement.

➢ Interrogative form

Will + subject + have + been + ving + complement?

Examples
I will have been studying English for over two years by the time you arrive.
When Professor Hones retires next year, he will have been teaching for 45
years.
II. Use
We use Future Perfect Progressive to emphasize the duration of
an activity that will be in progress before another time or event
in the future.
Examples
I will go to bed at 10:00 p.m. Anita will get home at midnight. At
midnight I will be sleeping. I will have been sleeping for two hours
by the future.
✓ Sometimes the future perfect progressive and the future perfect
simple give the same meaning, as shown in the examples below:

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 81

MILKY WAY SCHOOL 12 TENSES

Examples
When Professor Hones retires next year, he will have taught for 45
years.
When Professor Hones retires next year, he will have been teaching for
45 years.
You're here, there's ……… I fear,
And I know that my heart will go
"My Heart Will Go On"
on
We'll stay forever this way
Every night in my dreams You are ……… in my heart
I see you, I feel you, And my heart will go on and on
That is how I know you go on

Far across the …………..

And spaces between us
You have come to show you go on

Near, far, wherever you are

I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're here in my ……………
And my heart will go on and on

Love can touch us one time

And last for a lifetime
And never let go 'til we're gone

Love was when I loved you

One true time I ………. to
In my life we'll always go on

Near, far, wherever you are

I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're ……….. in my heart
And my heart will go on and on

PREPARED BY MR. CHHEAC SOKCHEA, BA 82