Be Careful of Past Participles

BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES

Past participles can cause confusion in structure questions on the TOEFL test because a
past participle can be either an adjective or a part of a verb. The past participle
is the form of the verb that appears with have or be. It often ends in -ed, but
there are also many irregular past participles in English.
(Past participle dapat menyebabkan kebingungan dalam pertanyaan terstruktur pada tes TOEFL
karena past participle bisa berupa kata sifat atau bagian dari kata kerja. Past participle adalah bentuk
kata kerja yang muncul dengan have atau be. Ini sering diakhiri dengan -ed, tetapi ada juga banyak
past participles tidak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris.)

The family has purchased a television.

VERB
The poem was written by Paul.

VERB
In the first sentence the past participle purchased is part of the verb because it is
accompanied by has. In the second sentence the past participle written is part of the verb
because it is accompanied by was.
(Pada kalimat pertama past participle yang Purchased merupakan bagian dari verba karena disertai
has. Pada kalimat kedua past participle Written merupakan bagian dari verba karena disertai was.)
A past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be or have.

(A past participle adalah kata sifat jika tidak disertai dengan beberapa bentuk be atau have)
The television purchased yesterday was expensive.

ADJECTIVE
The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.

ADJECTIVE
In the first sentence purchased is an adjective rather than a verb because it is not
accompanied by a form of be or have (and there is a verb, was, later in the
sentence). In the second sentence written is an adjective rather than a verb because it
is not accompanied by a form of be or have (and there is a verb, appeared, later in
the sentence).
(Dalam kalimat pertama purchased adalah kata sifat daripada kata kerja karena tidak disertai
dengan bentuk dari be atau have (dan ada kata kerja (Verb), was, kemudian dalam kalimat). Pada
kalimat kedua written adalah kata sifat dari pada kata kerja karena tidak disertai dengan bentuk be
atau have (dan ada kata kerja, appeared, kemudian dalam kalimat).
The following example shows how a past participle can be confused with the verb in
structure questions on the TOEFL test.
(Contoh berikut menunjukkan bagaimana past participle dapat dikacaukan dengan kata kerja dalam
pertanyaan terstruktur pada tes TOEFL.)
The packages mailed at the post office will arrive Monday

(A) have
(B) were
(C) them
(D) just
In this example, if you look only at the first few words of the sentence, it appears that
pack ages is the subject and mailed is either a complete verb or a past participle that
needs a helping verb. But if you look further in the sentence, you will see that the verb is
will arrive. You will then recognize that mailed is a participial adjective and is therefore
not part of the verb. Answers (A) and (B) are incorrect because mailed is an adjective and
does not need a help ing verb such as have or were. Answer (C) is incorrect because
there is no need for the object them. Answer (D) is the best answer to this question.
(Dalam contoh ini, jika Anda hanya melihat beberapa kata pertama dari kalimat tersebut, tampaknya
Packages adalah subjeknya dan mailed adalah kata kerja lengkap atau past participle yang
membutuhkan kata kerja bantu (-Ing). Tetapi jika Anda melihat lebih jauh dalam kalimat tersebut,
Anda akan melihat bahwa kata kerjanya adalah akan tiba (will arrive). Anda kemudian akan
mengetahui bahwa mailed adalah kata sifat partisipasi dan oleh karena itu bukan bagian dari kata
kerja. Jawaban (A) dan (B) salah karena mailed adalah kata sifat dan tidak membutuhkan kata kerja
bantuan seperti have atau were. Jawaban (C) salah karena tidak perlu objek tersebut ( them).
Jawaban (D) adalah jawaban terbaik untuk pertanyaan ini.)
EXERCISE 5: Each of the following sentences contains one or more past participles.
Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the past participles and label them
as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
(LATIHAN 5: Setiap kalimat berikut berisi satu atau lebih past participle. Garis bawahi subjek satu kali
dan kata kerja dua kali. Lingkari past participles dan beri label sebagai kata sifat atau kata kerja.
Kemudian tunjukkan apakah kalimatnya benar (C) atau salah (I).)
1. The money was offered by the client was not (accepted)

(Uang yang ditawarkan oleh klien tidak (diterima))
C 2. The car in the advertisement had already (stalled)

(Mobil di iklan sudah (terhenti))
3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next week's
exam.
(Bab-bab yang diajarkan oleh profesor pagi ini akan menjadi ujian minggu depan.)
4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for many
hours.
(Roti dipanggang dalam oven batu bata dengan suhu rendah selama berjam-jam.)
5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign nation.
(Pelabuhan-pelabuhan yang dicapai para pelaut itu berada di bawah kendali bangsa asing.)
6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by the police.

(Mereka yang diduga melakukan perampokan ditangkap polisi)
7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the county

(Pizza yang disajikan di restoran ini adalah yang paling lezat di county)

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BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES

The family has purchased a television.

The poem was written by Paul.

A past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be or have.

The television purchased yesterday was expensive.

The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.

The packages mailed at the post office will arrive Monday

1. The money was offered by the client was not (accepted)

C 2. The car in the advertisement had already (stalled)

6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by the police.

7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the county

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