Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition (KBIT-2) : Publisher/Date

Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition

(KBIT-2)

Publisher/Date:
• AGS Publishing, 4201 Woodland Road, Circle Pines, MN 55014-1796.
Published, 2004.

Purpose:
• Brief, individually-administered, norm-referenced test of intelligence and
general aptitude, for individuals ages 4-90. It can be used for a variety of
screening purposes and assessing cognitive functioning when it is a
secondary consideration.
Provides:
• An IQ composite score (KBIT-2 IQ Composite), comprised of tasks
assessing verbal ability and nonverbal problem solving. The Verbal score
is comprised of two tasks; one which assess receptive vocabulary/general
knowledge (Verbal Knowledge) and the other assessing comprehension,
reasoning, and vocabulary knowledge (Riddles). The Matrices subtest is
the sole Nonverbal marker and assesses nonverbal conceptual reasoning
and problem solving.
Standardization Issues:
• 2,120 individuals from 34 states and the District of Columbia, ages 4-90
years, who speak English and did not present with impairments that may
affect cognitive processing. The normative sample attempted to match
2001 US Census Bureau statistics for educational status (adults), mothers’
educational level, race and ethnicity. Geographic breakdown in the
normative sample overrepresented the Southern region (44.2% vs. 36%)
and underrepresented the Northeastern region (11.4% vs. 19.8%). 23
normative age-groups are included and they varied in size, with the largest
at ages 5 through 10 (n=125) and the smallest at ages 16, 17, and 18
(n=75). Two separate item-bias studies were conducted and did result in
elimination of several items.
Reliability and Validity Issues:

• Composite internal consistency reliabilities were quite good (.89 to .96)
with reliabilities increasing with age. Verbal and Nonverbal internal
coefficients were lower but still acceptable (Nonverbal internal coefficient
at ages 4 & 5 was only .78, however). The Composite’s test-retest
reliability was .90 (over mean intervals between 22.5 to 30.8 days, and
resulting in performance increases of about 4-points). Test-retest reliability
for the Nonverbal scale at ages 4-12 years was only .73 (marginal).
Validity studies yielded moderate-to-high correlations in terms of
construct- and concurrent-validity. Special-group studies supported
predictable findings in populations which included gifted, cognitively-
disabled, TBI, dementia, learning disability, speech-language impaired,
and ADHD.
Additional Points:
• One of the stated purposes of the test is to serve as a screening measure
for Gifted programs, however, the KBIT-2’s Gifted sample mean
Composite IQ was only 115 (Verbal=114.5, Nonverbal=110.8), compared
to the more commonly found means in the low-to-mid 120’s in other tests.
Calculation of the KBIT-2’s Gifted mean was based on a rather small
sample (n=95).
• The test offers the ability to give instructions and score responses in
languages other than English (although the items themselves are always
to be given in English). For convenience of Spanish-speaking examiners,
each Matrices easel page presents administration instructions in both
English and Spanish. Credit is to be given to individuals responding to
items on the Riddles subtest if the examiner knows the word given to be
the English-equivalent, and for examiner convenience, acceptable
Spanish responses are given for items 9-48. Non-English speaking
individuals were excluded from the normative sample which may make
interpretation of the findings in these instances somewhat unclear.
• The interpretive framework for both scales refers to CHC-theory (with

Verbal as Crystallized ability [Gc] and Nonverbal ability tapping Fluid
Reasoning [Gf] and Visual Processing [Gv]), and from a Luria-perspective,
the Nonverbal scale taps Simultaneous Processing and Planning Ability.
However, no specific confirmatory factor-analytic studies were done
supporting the CHC or neuropsychological interpretations. The manual
discusses interpretation from these perspectives, which may require a
deeper degree of training than what some of the stated possible users of
the KBIT-2 (i.e., technicians, teachers, counselors, nurses, social workers,
personnel directors, etc.) may possess.
• The Nonverbal scale may require some interpretive caution at young ages
because of somewhat lower test-retest (.76 at ages 4-12) and internal
consistency (.78 at ages 4 & 5) reliability coefficients.
• Correlation with other IQ tests appears good, with mean estimates of

“overall ability” varying by 1-3 points between the KBIT-2 and WISC-IV.
• The test demonstrates good ranges with respect to floors, ceilings, and
item-gradients.
• Nonverbal score correlations with WISC-IV PRI (.56) are low.

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Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition

Reliability and Validity Issues:

• The interpretive framework for both scales refers to CHC-theory (with

• Correlation with other IQ tests appears good, with mean estimates of

• Nonverbal score correlations with WISC-IV PRI (.56) are low.

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