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College of Nursing
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
Erik Erikson’s Developmental Stages
Submitted by:
Trisha Mae B. Pascual
BSN 2-4
Submitted by:
Ms. Ailene M. Maclid, RN, LPT, MAN, Phd©
Date:
November 27, 2019
INFANCY
Trust vs. mistrust is the first stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development. This stage begins at birth continues to approximately 18 months of age.
During this stage, infants are uncertain about the world in which they live, and look
towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care. Significant physical,
cognitive and social growth occurs during a child’s first year and if natural markers are
not met, a child could suffer severe consequences
Looking back into my Infancy stage, there were specific milestones. Cognitively,
my brain could recognize my parent’s face and was able to turn my head whenever I
heard a familiar voice. I began to smile, sit alone without any support and can crawl on
hands and knees and pulling myself up to help me stabilize myself. I also enjoy playing
with my cousins and might cry when someone tries to take away my toy. I can also
recognize myself in the mirror because as far as I can remember my grandparent’s
house has a really huge mirror on their living room. By the end of year one, I can drink
from cup with assistance, finger feeds myself, may remove food from mouth, look at it,
and put it back in. I had begun to speak basic words like “mama” and “papa” and was
on the verge of walking on my own.
I think the growth and development during infancy laid the foundation throughout
the years if properly nurtured and will continue to flourish by the caregivers or especially
parents. Basics things like speech and locomotion are vital parts that a person need to
learn during the first few months of his/ her life.
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson's stages
of psychosocial development. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to
approximately 3 years. Early Childhood contains many important milestones that build
upon its forerunning stage of Infancy. Although physical growth slows compared to
Infancy, it does still occur; examples of physical growth in this stage are more stable
height growth patterns and learning how to walk
A few cognitive milestones that I have encountered according to my parents, is
that I was able to insert shapes into matching slots with assistance and re-enacts
familiar daily experiences. Socially, I usually play near or next to other children and
have temper tantrums when frustrated. I also began to understand simple prepositions
like “in” vs. “out,” “up” vs. “down”.
Much of my Early Childhood was spent playing, going to daycare center begin
school start learning ABC’s, numbers and colors, and discovering new things about the
world around me………………………………………………………………………………….
PPRESCHOOL
Initiative versus guilt is the third stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development. During the initiative versus guilt stage, children assert themselves more
frequently. These are particularly lively, rapid-developing years in a child’s life.
According to Bee (1992), it is a “time of vigor of action and of behaviors that the parents
may see as aggressive."
During Middle Childhood, I encountered multiple physical, cognitive and social
milestones. I went from being the smallest kid to the tallest in class. I can follow
commands with modifiers like walk slowly to the bathroom, understands concepts such
as “longer” vs. “shorter” and “larger” “smaller when the contrast is presented, beginning
to understand time concepts like last night, tomorrow, yesterday, summer. I can also
recognize the basic rules of grammar, such as correctly using “he” and “she” and can
say and write my full name. I began linking thoughts together and relating common
ideas to better organize and understand them.
I realized that during this stage, my self-perception has changed so much
because of the things that I were able to experience inside and outside the house.
Middle Childhood was more important for me socially and cognitively because it set the
stage for many perspectives, practices and behaviors I still experience today
SCHOOL AGE
Erikson's fourth psychosocial crisis, involving industry vs. inferiority occurs during
childhood between the ages of five and twelve.
At this time, I was able to read, write, speak clearly and do simple mathematics.
My reading and writing skills still develops further though. My mother said that I really
like to sing and dance before especially in front of the mirror. I have shown more
independence like for example, I can already visit a next-door neighbor by myself but
still with my parent’s supervision. I also begun to lose "baby" teeth and get permanent
teeth
School Age was more important for me socially and cognitively because it set the
stage for many perspectives, practices and behaviors I still experience today. I began to
realize what it meant to be a good friend as well as to have one, I began working hard to
get where I wanted to be. Even today, I still worry, I still strive to do as well in school as I
can and I like to think that I still work hard for what I want from life.
ADOLESCENCE
The fifth stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is identity vs.
role confusion, and it occurs during adolescence, from about 12-18 years. During this
stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense
exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.
This stage was fun on years twelve through eighteen, it brought about many
firsts and constant changes in my life. During Adolescence, I crossed many levels off
my list, including: puberty, reaching my final height, starting to develop my own beliefs,
first overnight swimming with friends, separated from my parents because I had to study
and stay at a dormitory, having an limited circle of close friends, beginning to think
outside of what I saw daily (space, morality, future plans), and even built my vocabulary
to be fluent and more refined. As usual, I hit most major expected developmental
milestones.
So far, I have experienced a handful of physical, cognitive and social milestones.
Physically, I began growing out instead of upwards like my previous stages and I began
to look more like an adult. I also grew wisdom teeth then had them removed because of
so much pain. I have witness the growth of my armpit and pubic hair; the development
of my breast breasts and the start of my menstrual periods. Cognitively, I think I grew up
being so dramatic at some times. I realized my limits academically, I became more
academically diverse with college and I began making my own decisions concerning
religion, morality and life.
During my Adolescent years, I made sure to stay away from things that will have
a negative impact on me or things that will make me uncomfortable like peer pressure.
Adolescence has a huge impact on my life because it made me realized what I wanted
in life and that you cannot easily get all the things that you want because you need to
really work hard for it. I have realized the importance of keeping in touch with friends,
new and old. I have also experience some real life struggles in life financially and
emotionally. This stage is all about self-exploration and getting to know yourself well
and still one of the most heaviest phase in my life.
After learning the different phases of childhood development, from Infancy to
Adolescence, I am better at being able to organize my growth accordingly. I now
understand my previous developmental milestones and can see how from infancy till
now have molded me into the person I am today.
YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Intimacy versus isolation is the sixth stage of Erik Erikson's theory of
psychosocial development. This stage takes place during young adulthood between the
ages of approximately 19 to 40 yrs.
During this time, I think I’m beginning to share myself more intimately with others.
I explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with other people such
as my close friends other than a family member.
I’m still on the very first half of my young adulthood phase and still hoping to see
more on what I will become in the future that makes me who I am right now and looking
forward to experience more opportunities to know further know myself.
