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Helical Spring: CENGR 2210 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

(1) The document discusses helical springs and formulas for calculating the maximum shearing stress in springs. (2) It provides Wahl's formula for calculating maximum shearing stress in heavy springs that consider curvature, and an alternative formula for light springs where curvature is neglected. (3) Sample problems demonstrate using the formulas to calculate stress in individual springs connected in series with given dimensions, applied load, and material properties.

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Bao yifan
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559 views3 pages

Helical Spring: CENGR 2210 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

(1) The document discusses helical springs and formulas for calculating the maximum shearing stress in springs. (2) It provides Wahl's formula for calculating maximum shearing stress in heavy springs that consider curvature, and an alternative formula for light springs where curvature is neglected. (3) Sample problems demonstrate using the formulas to calculate stress in individual springs connected in series with given dimensions, applied load, and material properties.

Uploaded by

Bao yifan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CENGR 2210

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

HELICAL SPRING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5xp0GSQjaw

𝟏𝟔𝑷𝑹 𝒅
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏 +
𝝅𝒅𝟑 𝟒𝑹
R = mean radius of spring

d = wire diameter

 Light spring where the ratio d/4R is small


 Neglect the curvature of the spring

Wahl’s Formula:

𝟏𝟔𝑷𝑹 𝟒𝒎 − 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟓
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = +
𝝅𝒅𝟑 𝟒𝒎 − 𝟒 𝒎
m = spring index

(4m – 1)/(4m – 4) = Wahl Factor

 Heavy spring
 Consider the curvature of the spring

Spring Deformation:

𝟔𝟒𝑷𝑹𝟑 𝒏
𝜹=
𝑮𝒅𝟒
Notice that the deformation 𝜹 is directly proportional to the applied load.

k = spring constant = P/ 𝜹 = (Gd4)/(64R3n)

n = number of turns

G = shear modulus

Springs in Series:

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +⋯
𝒌 𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟐

ENGR.MJCPEREZ
CENGR 2210
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Springs in Parallel:

𝒌 = 𝒌𝟏 + 𝒌𝟐 + ⋯

Sample Problem:

A load P is supported by two steel springs arranged in series as


shown in the figure. The upper spring has 20 turns of 20-mm diameter
wire on a mean diameter of 150 mm. The lower spring consists of 15
turns of 10-mm-diameter wire on a mean diameter of 130 mm. Determine
the maximum shearing stress in each spring if the total deflection is 80
mm and G = 83 GPa.

Solution:

The total deformation is the sum of the deflection in each spring.


By applying this equation:

𝟔𝟒𝑷𝑹𝟑 𝒏
𝜹=
𝑮𝒅𝟒
We will find load P to be:

𝟔𝟒𝑷𝑹𝟑 𝒏
𝜹=𝜮
𝑮𝒅𝟒
64𝑃 (0.075) (20) (0.065) (15)
0.080 = +
83 × 10 (0.020) (0.010)

P = 223.2758 N

For the upper spring, m = 2R/d = 2(0.075)/0.020 = 7.5 , 4m = 30. Applying Wahl’s
Formula:

𝟏𝟔𝑷𝑹 𝟒𝒎 − 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟓
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = +
𝝅𝒅𝟑 𝟒𝒎 − 𝟒 𝒎
16(223.2758)(0.075) 30 − 1 0.615
𝜏 = +
𝜋(0.020) 30 − 4 7.5

𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟔𝟒𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

For the lower spring where m = 2(0.065)/0.010 = 13 , and 4m = 52. Using Wahl’ formula
again:

𝟏𝟔𝑷𝑹 𝟒𝒎 − 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟓
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = +
𝝅𝒅𝟑 𝟒𝒎 − 𝟒 𝒎
16(223.2758)(0.065) 52 − 1 0.615
𝜏 = +
𝜋(0.010) 52 − 4 13

𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂

ENGR.MJCPEREZ
CENGR 2210
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

You can also watch this video for additional sample problem

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Q58qE6K3VA

ENGR.MJCPEREZ

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