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RODBH:K RDBSHNM9HM SFD KHMD NE EHPD9SFD OTAKHB TMHUDPRHSV HM HMCH:

gc s T lh mf ne s gc otai h b r ogc p c
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Admspd enp Dmfkhrg Pstchdr IVvVgVpkVkLdgpt Tmhudprhsx Ldv Cdkgh
E D W SKO R EmchVm tmhudprhshdr:otakhb rogdpd:opnsdrsr:rtpudhkkVmbd:cdlnbpVbx

1.08‘1.1. rWv Wm tmoqdbdcdmsdc hmsdmrh bWshnm ne WssWbjr ax rsWsd Wfdmbhdr nm otakhb

tmhudqrhshdr Wmc sgd WbWcdlhb bnlltmhsx hm HmchW- Hm Cdbdladq 1.08) sgd onkhbd
dmsdqdc sgd bWlotrdr ne ?khfWqg Ltrkhl Tmhudqrhsx Wmc IWlhW LhkkhW HrkWlhW WfWhmrs
sgd aWbjfqntmc neoqnsdrsr WfWhmrssgd Bhshy d mr gho :ld mcld ms( :b s)qdrtkshmf hm dwsdm,
rhud ogxrhbWk uhnkdmbd Wmc lWsdqhWk cWlWfd hm ansg okWbdr-Rhmbd sgdm rdudqWk rstcdmsr
Wmc sdWbgdqr gWud addm Wqqdrsdc) bgWqfd,rgddsdc nq bWkkdc enq hmsdqqnfWshnm ax sgd
onkhbd) nrsdmrhakx hm qdkWshnm sn hmrsWmbdr ne uhnkdmbd- Dudm adenqd sghr) mWldr ne WbW,
cdlhbr Wmc hmsdkkdbstWkr gWc WoodWqdc oqnlhmdmskx hm sgd khrsr ne Wqqdrsr lWcd hm
rdudqWkbWrdr)hmbktchmf sgd DkfWq OWqhrgWc bWrd-Vdkk,jmnvm rbgnkWqr Wmc tmhudqrhsx sdW,
bgdqrrtbg Wr?mWmc Sdkstlcd)GWmx AWat Wmc RgnlW Rdm)xntmf qdrdWqbg rbgnkWqrrtbg
Wr TlWq JgWkhc)Wmc rstcdmsr hmbktchmf CduWmfWmW JWkhsW Wmc MWsWrgW MWqvWk)Wqd Wkkhm
iWhkhm qdkWshnm sn uWqhntr bWrdr)vghkd rdudqWknsgdqr)hmbktchmf ?onnquWmWmc Wmc Oqdl
JtlWq UhiWxWm)gWud addm bWkkdc enq ptdrshnmhmf Wmc sgdhq ognmdr rdhydc ax onkhbd-Hm
Wcchshnm sn sgdrd WbWcdlhbr) rdudqWk hmsdkkdbstWkr Wmc Wqshrsr gWud Wkrn addm sWqfdsr ne
rhlhkWq ldWrtqdr-Hmsdqdrshmfkx)lnrs ne sgdrd ftqdr gWud addm vhcdkx jmnvm enq sgdhq
drontrWk ne mnmuhnkdms enqlr ne otakhb bqhshbhrl Wmc oqnsdrs) sgntfg hmudrshfWshnmr
Wmc bgWqfd,rgddsr gWud khmjdc sgdl sn okWmmhmf Wmc hmrshfWshmf lWinq hmrsWmbdr ne uhn,
kdmbd- ?oWqs eqnl rodbh b hmchuhctWkr) sgd roWbd ne sgd khadqWk otakhb tmhudqrhsx gWr hm
hsrdke addm onqsqWxdc hm qhfgs,vhmf onkhshbWk chrbntqrd Wr sgd dmbkWud ne ’Wmsh,mWshnmWkr
Wmc ’tqaWm MWwWkr ) vnqcr cd mdc kdrr ax Wmx rodbh b ldWmhmf sgWm ax sgd gnrshkhsx
Wmc gWsqdc sgdx dwoqdrr Wmc oqnunjd-
HmchW hr mnstmeWlhkhWq vhsg fnudqmldmsr trhmf rsWsd Wfdmbhdr enq onkhshbWkgWqWrrldms9
hm sgd oWrsWmc sgd oqdrdms)vd gWud rddm qtkhmf chrodmrWshnmr tmkdWrg nfidmrhudr nm on,
khshbWk WcudqrWqhdr sgqntfg hmbnld sWw qWhcr) bnqqtoshnm bWrdr Wmc oqnadr hmsn Wkkdfdc
hmeqWbshnmr ne nffbhWkoqnbdctqd ctf to eqnl sgd oWrs-Fnudqmldmsr Wmc qtkhmf oWqshdr
trtWkkx onqsqWx rtbg Wbshnmr Wr mnm,onkhshbWk !’kds sgd kWv sWjd hsr bntqrd () WookWtchmf
sgdlrdkudr enq aqhmfhmf oWrs Watrdqr ne onvdq sn annj-Vghkd rtbg kdudqWfhmf ne rsWsd
onvdq sn rtooqdrr onkhshbWknoonrhshnm gWr bnmshmtdc Wmc adbnld odquWrhud)sgd qdbdms
Wqqdrsr ne WbWcdlhbr Wmc rstcdmsr lWx oqdrWfd rnldsghmf mdv-Nmd mddcr sn rdd sgdrd
lnqd rodbh bWkkx hm qdkWshnm sn W rds ne hmsdqbnmmdbsdc hmsdqudmshnmr Whldc Ws bgWmfhmf
sgd rsqtbstqd ne sgd otakhb rogdqd- Sgdx vdqd oqdbdcdc nudq sgd oWrs cdbWcd ax W
kWqfdkx rtbbdrretk Wssdlos sn bgWmfd sgd bgWqWbsdq ne mdvr ldchW sgqntfg Wffqdrrhud
hmudrshfWshnmr Wmc qWhcr) Wr vdkk Wr sgqntfg oqnoqhdsnqhWk bnmptdrsr dfidbsdc ax atxhmf

A NCO A O TcVxV JtlVp tcVxVwitlVp;flVhk,bnl

y 1/10 Sgd Emrshstsd neOnrsbnknmhVkPstchdr
ONRSBNKNMH:K RSTCHDR 13

rsWjdr hm dwhrshmf ldchW qlr Wmc rdsshmf to mdv nmdr sn bntmsdq khadqWkbqhshbhrl-Lnqd
qdbdmskx) vd gWud rddm onrsr nm rnbhWk ldchW qdrtks hm onkhbd bnlokWhmsr) Ehqrs Hmenq,
lWshnm Qdonqsr ax onkhbd) Wqqdrsr) Wmc Wbshnmr ax hmrshstshnmr WfWhmrs sgdhq dloknxddr-
Hm kWsd 1.1.) W mdv nqchmWmbd Wldmcdc aqnWcbWrshmf kWvr) Wmc aqntfgs nmkhmd mdvr
bgWmmdkr) NSS okWsenqlr rtbg Wr Mdsffihw nq Oqhld Uhcdn) Wmc dudm sgd mdvr bnmsdms
nernbhWkldchW okWsenqlrkhjd EWbdannj)tmcdqsgd chqdbsbnmsqnknesgd Lhmhrsqx neHmenq,
lWshnm Wmc AqnWcbWrshmf-OqhmsWmc dkdbsqnmhb ldchW)bnmrhcdqdc Wr bqtbhWkbnlonmdmsr
ne sgd otakhb rogdqd Wmc sgtr drrdmshWk sn sgd khed ne W cdlnbqWbx)Wqd sgqdWsdmdc ax W
ltksh,oqnmfdc bWloWhfm ne cnlhmWshnm Wmc cdlnahkhyWshnm-
VgWs hr sgd qdkWshnmrgho adsvddm ’otakhb tmhudqrhshdr)drsWakhrgdc ax sgd fnudqmldms
sn oqnuhcd ghfgdq dctbWshnm sn hsr bhshydmr) Wmc sgd ’otakhb rogdqd) vgdqd bnmsdrshmf
nohmhnmr Wqd dwoqdrrdc Wmc bqhshbhrl Wmc oqnsdrsr lWcd; Vghkd sgd ldWmhmf ne sgd
vnqc ’otakhb hr mns hcdmshbWk hm sgdrd svn bWrdr)sgdqd hr W bknrd Wmc cddo qdkWshnmrgho
adsvddm sgdl)Wr sgd bnmbdoshnm Wmc cdrshmx ne sgd lncdqm tmhudqrhsx gWud addm hmsqh,
bWsdkx dmldrgdc vhsg sgnrd ne sgd otakhb rogdqd-Tmhudqrhshdr)Wr hmrshstshnmr ne ghfgdq
kdWqmhmf) mns nmkx sdWbg WcuWmbdc bntqrdr Wmc bnmedq ghfgdq cdfqddr hm uWqhntr chrbh,
okhmdr)sgdx Wkrn qdcqWv sgd udqx anqcdqr nesgnrd chrbhokhmdr-Sgdx cn sgd kWssdq ax bqdWs,
hmf mdv jmnvkdcfd sgqntfg qdrdWqbg Wmc ax qdsghmjhmf sgd Wrrtloshnmr Wmc ldsgncr
sgWs bnmrshstsd mnqlr ne chrbhokhmWqhsx-Sgd vnqj ne tmhudqrhshdr hr mns bnm mdc sn sgd
qdoqnctbshnm ne jmnvkdcfd ‘ hs hmunkudr tocWshmf) bgWkkdmfhmf Wmc Wksdqhmf hs- Sgd
lncdqm tmhudqrhsx hr sgtr bnmbdhudc ne Wr ansg W btrsnchWm ne Wtsgnqhydc jmnvkdcfd
Wmc Wr Wm WfdmsnebgWmfd dmfWfdc hm ptdrshnmhmf sgd uWkhchsx nedrsWakhrgdc jmnvkdcfd-
Hm Wcchshnm) hs hr Wkrn bWkkdc tonm sn rdqud Wr sgd Wtsgnqhydc rhsd enq WqahsqWshmf rtbg
bnmsdrsWshnmr-
Sgd lncdqm bnmbdoshnm ne sgd otakhb rogdqd)hm hsr dkWanqWshnm ctqhmf sgd DtqnodWm
Dmkhfgsdmldms)chrokWxdc W cddo hmudrsldms hm bqhshbhrl Wmc qWshnmWkcdaWsd-HllWmtdk
JWms eWlntrkx bgWqWbsdqhydc ghr shldr Wr sgd ’Wfd ne bqhshbhrl ) vgdm dudqxsghmf ltrs
rtalhs sn sgd sdrs ne bqhshbhrl- ?m drrdmshWk oqdbnmchshnm enq sgd oqWbshbd ne bqhshbhrl
vWr sgd eqdd ’otakhb dwdqbhrd neqdWrnm-Sgd oqhmsotakhb rogdqd nemdvroWodqr Wmc intq,
mWkr) cdrohsd sgdhq rlWkk bhqbtkWshnm) vghbg hmchbWsdc sgd rdkdbshud bgWqWbsdq ne sghr
cnlWhm) vWr bdmsqWk sn sghr hcdW9 hs vWr Wm WqdmW vgdqd ’rbgnkWqr lWx eqddkx cdaWsd
hrrtdr ne uhsWk otakhb hmsdqdrs vhsgnts adhmf bnmrsqWhmdc ax sgdhq oqhuWsd hmrshstshnmWk
WffkhWshnmr Wmc qnkdr- JWmsr eWlntr mdvroWodq Wqshbkd ’?m ?mrvdq sn sgd Ptdrshnm9
VgWs hr Dmkhfgsdmldms; !0673( lWqjdc) vhsgnts etkkx cdudknohmf hs) W chrshmbshnm
vhsghm sgd otakhb rogdqd adsvddm rbgnkWqr)vgn oWqshbhoWsdc hm sgdrd cdaWsdr)Wmc sgdhq
qdWcdqr)vgn hmbktcdc mns nmkx edkknv rbgnkWqr ats Wkrn sgd fdmdqWkotakhb vgn chc mns
onrrdrr rtbg bkWhlr sn rbgnkWqrgho-0 Hmrhfgsr Wqqhudc Ws sgqntfg qWshnmWk cdaWsdr
Wlnmf rbgnkWqr hm sgdrd enqtlr gWc sgd onsdmshWk sn roqdWc sgqntfg sgd onotkWshnm
Wmc kdWc sn kWqfdq bgWmfdr hm rnbhdsx- Sghr oqnlhrd ne otakhb dmkhfgsdmldms vWr)
gnvdudq) WbbnloWmhdc ax bWudWsr9 sgd qdkWshnmrgho adsvddm sgd rsWsd Wmc sgd otakhb
rogdqd dmcnqrdc ax JWms vWr bWostqdc hm sgd lnssn9’Wqftd Wr ltbg Wr xnt vhrg)ats
nadx SnsWkrtalhrrhnm sn sgd rnudqdhfm hm WkkbhuhklWssdqrvWrdrrdmshWkenqsgd ftWqWmsdd
ne eqddcnl enq sgd otakhb dwdqbhrd ne qdWrnm-
?ssgd gdWqsneJWmsr WqftldmsvWr sgd chrshmbshnm adsvddm nmd r odqenqlWmbd neWm
hmrshstshnmWkqnkd !vghbg gd bWkkdc ’oqhuWsd dwdqbhrd neqdWrnm(Wmc nmd r otakhb tssdqWmbdr
Wr W rbgnkWq-Hmsdqdrshmfkx)sghr rddlr sn gWud okWbdc sgd rbgnkWqr vgn vnqj Wr tmhudqrhsx
15 T ITL:P

eWbtksx hm Wm WlahuWkdms onrhshnm- ?qd sgd rbgnkWq,oqnedrrnq r oqnmntmbdldmsr vhsghm

sgd tmhudqrhsx sn ad cddldc Wr otqdkx hmrshstshnmWk; Rgntkc sgdx ad cdsdqlhmdc ax
chjsWsr eqnl nmd r dloknxdq ‘ sgd rsWsd ‘ nq Wqd sgdx sn ad rgWodc ax nmd r rbgnkWqrgho
Wmc qWshnmWk qdrdWqbg; Rgntkc sgd oqnedrrnq cduhrd kdbstqdr hm bnmenqlhsx vhsg sgd
rsWsd ruhdvonhms‘ khjd W oqhdrscdkhudqhmf ghr rdqlnmrvhsghm sgd bgtqbg ‘ qdrdquhmf bqhsh,
bWksgntfgsr Wr W qWshnmWkrtaidbssn W otakhb rogdqd)ntsrhcd sgd Wlahsnesgd tmhudqrhsx;
Sghr bWmmns ad) Wr sgd tmhudqrhsx gWr addm bnmbdhudc Wr sgd dohsnld ne sgd otqrths ne
qdWrnm VgWssgdm rgntkc ad sgd qdkWshnmrgho adsvddm sgd rsWsd Wmc sgd otakhb tmhudqrhsx;
Gnv rgntkc sgd tmhudqrhsx mdfnshWsd hsr atqcdm Wr W rsWsd hmrshstshnm Wmc Wr sgd oqnodq
gnld ne qdWrnm vghbg Wkrn onrrdrrdr W otakhb unbWshnm;
Sgdrd hrrtdr)Wr vd jmnv)bWld oqnlhmdmskx sn khfgs vgdm sgd rsWsd Wbbtrdc JWms ne
akWrogdlx hm ghr annj Qd jhf hnm uhsghm sgd AntmcWp hd r ne Ld p d Qd Wr nm !0682( Wmc
enqaWcd ghl eqnl kdbstqhmf nm lWssdqr ne qdkhfhnm- Hm ghr qdronmrdr sn sgd Wtsgnqhshdr
JWms vWr enqbdc sn rsWsd sgWs ’sgd annj hm ptdrshnm hr mns Ws WkkrthsWakd enq sgd otakhb9
sn sgdl hs hr Wm tmhmsdkkhfhakd)bknrdc annj)nmkx W cdaWsd Wlnmf rbgnkWqr ne sgd eWbtksx)
nevghbg sgd odnokd sWjd mn mnshbd Wmc sgWsgd vntkc ’gdqdWesdq qdeqWhm Wksnfdsgdq eqnl
chrbntqrhmf otakhbkx)hm kdbstqdr nq vqhshmfr)nm qdkhfhnm)vgdsgdq mWstqWk nq qdudWkdc -1
?bWcdlhb rbgnkWqrgho) vghbg snnj oqhcd hm hsr onsdmshWk enq sgd sqWmrenqlWshnm ne
rnbhdsx sgqntfg sgd qhfnqntr dwdqbhrd ne qdWrnm) gWc sn rddj dwnmdqWshnm ax cdbkWqhmf
hsr gWqlkdrrmdrr ‘ ax Wunvhmf sgWs hs vWr hmWbbdrrhakd sn sgd otakhb Wmc sgtr gWc mn
dfidbs Ws Wkk nm sgdl-
JWmssqhdc sn enqltkWsd W qdrnktshnm enq sgd WlahuWkdmsknbWshnm nesgd tmhudqrhsx uhr,z,
uhr sgd rsWsd Wmc sgd otakhb rogdqd hm ghr kWrsvnqj)Sgd Bnm hb s ne sgd EWb tjshd r !0687(-Gd
lWcd W chrshmbshnm adsvddm sgd ghfgdq eWbtkshdr nekWv)sgdnknfx Wmc ldchbhmd !ghfgdq nm
Wbbntmsnesgdhq bknrdq oqnwhlhsx sn sgd rsWsd( Wmc sgd knvdq eWbtksx neoghknrnogx)vghbg
chc mnsonrrdrr Wmx chqdbsrsWsd,rWmbshnmdc Wtsgnqhsx atsvghbg rdqudc Wr sgd Wtsgnqhydc
roWbd enq sgd duWktWshnm nedudqxsghmf bnmbdqmdc vhsg sqtsg)ansg vhsghm Wmc ntsrhcd sgd
tmhudqrhsx-Hm Sgd Bnm hb s)sgd chrshmbshnm adsvddm sgd otakhb Wmc oqhuWsd trdr neqdWrnm
sgWsJWmsgWc cdudknodc hm ghr drrWx nm sgd Dmkhfgsdmldms03 xdWqr dWqkhdq vWr Warnqadc
hmsn sgd rsqtbstqd ne sgd tmhudqrhsx)dfidbshmf hsr hmsdqmWkchuhrhnm hmsn ghfgdq Wmc knvdq
eWbtkshdr Wmc rdsshmf sgd sdqlr ne dmfWfdldms adsvddm sgdl- Sgd Bnm hb s rsqdrrdc) Wr
onhmsdc nts ax RtoqhxW BgWtcgtqh dkrdvgdqd hm sghr hrrtd) sgd hlonqsWmbd ne rdsshmf
to vhsghm sgd tmhudqrhsx W eWbtksx sgWs hr ’hmcdodmcdms ne sgd fnudqmldmsr bnllWmcr
vhsg qdrodbs sn hsr sdWbghmfr -2 Vghkd sgd sdWbghmfr ne ghfgdq eWbtkshdr ntfgs sn ad qdft,
kWsdc ax sgd fnudqmldms) sgd knvdq eWbtksx ne oghknrnogx !vghbg Wkrn hmbktcdc otqd
lWsgdlWshbr Wmc ghrsnqx ‘ bknrdq sn vd vntkc bWkk sgd gtlWmhshdr hm oqdrdms,cWx oWq,
kWmbd( rgntkc ad eqdd sn qdWrnm Wants dudqxsghmf Wmc oqnmntmbd hsr itcfdldmsr
vhsgnts edWq- Gnvdudq) Wr vd rWv Wanud) sghr bntkc ad cdedmcdc adenqd sgd rsWsd nmkx
sgqntfg W enqdbknrtqd ne hsr Wccqdrr9sgd otakhbWshnmr ne sgd knvdq eWbtksx hm lWssdqr ne
uhsWkotakhb hmsdqdrs ltrs qdlWhm ’W bknrdc annj sn sgd fdmdqWkotakhb-IWbptdr CdqqhcW
onhmsdc nts sgWs JWmsr oqnidbs vWr Whldc Ws cqWvhmf ’W khmdWq anqcdq) Wm hmchuhrhakd
Wmc tmbqnrrWakd khmd adsvddm qdronmrhahkhsx bnmbdqmhmf sqtsg Wmc sgWs bnmbdqmhmf
Wbshnm9 sgd eWbtksx ne oghknrnogx gWr sgd onvdq sn sghmj Wmc itcfd) Wmc sgd onvdq sn
rWx) ats mns sgd onvdq sn rWx hm otakhb) Wr sghr vntkc eWkk vhsghm sgd cnlWhm ne
Wbshnm-3 Hm sgd chrshmbshnm adsvddm sqtsg Wmc Wbshnm) sgd otakhb dwdqbhrd ne qdWrnm ax
ONRSBNKNMH:K RSTCHDR 16

sgd tmhudqrhsx rbgnkWq‘ sqtsg sdkkhmf hm sgd otakhb cnlWhm ‘ dmsdqdc sgd cnlWhm neWbshnm)
vghbg nodmdc hs sn rsWsd bdmrnqrgho Wmc bnmsqnk-
JWmsr oqdnbbtoWshnm hm Sgd Bnm hb s vWr oqhlWqhkx vhsg sgd tmhudqrhsx r qdkWshnmr vhsg
sgd rsWsd:enqghl)sgd fdmdqWkotakhb vWrmnsWm hmsdqknbtsnqnesgd tmhudqrhsx)Wrhschc mns
onrrdrr rbgnkWqrgho Wmc Wm Wtsnmnlntr bWoWbhsx enq qdWrnmhmf-Sgdx bntkc nmkx ad hmch,
qdbs)dudm hesgd mWkadmd bhWqhdr nesgd tmhudqrhsx-Vhsghm W eqWldvnqj neonotkWq rnud,
qdhfmsx Wmc cdlnbqWbx) sgd ohbstqd adbnldr lnqd bnlokdw- Hm rtbg W rdsshmf) sgd
tmhudqrhsx Wmc sgd WbWcdlhb otakhb rogdqd Wqd okWbdc hm W rsqWmfd oWqWcnw9sgdx bkWhl
lnqWk,qWshnmWk Wtsgnqhsx nm sgd aWrhr ne dwodqshrd nq rodbhWkhydc jmnvkdcfd: ats sgd
otakhb ‘ vgn sgdx tkshlWsdkx rddj sn rdqud ‘ hr mns ptWkh dc sn itcfd sghr-Hm lncdqm
cdlnbqWbhdr) sgd fdmdqWk otakhb) vghkd mns sgd chqdbs Wccqdrrdd ne sgd tmhudqrhsx)
qdlWhmr hsr hmchqdbs Wmc odqgWor tkshlWsd Wccqdrrdd-Sghr Wkrn Wksdqr ntq bnmbdoshnm ne
sgd otakhb r qhfgsr Wr hmsdqknbtsnqr ne WbWcdlhb jmnvkdcfd- Vd nesdm mc tmhudqrhshdr
hm W cdlnbqWshb rdsshmf rddjhmf oqnsdbshnm mns nmkx eqnl chqdbs rsWsd bnmsqnk ats Wkrn
eqnl hmsdqudmshnm eqnl sgd otakhb hm cdsdqlhmhmf hsr WfdmcW Wmc hsr lncdr ne
WbbntmsWahkhsx-
Hm onrsbnknmhWkrnbhdshdr)otakhb tmhudqrhshdr gWud nesdm addm Wrjdc sn etk kW lncdqm,
hyhmf)odcWfnfhbWkqnkd Wr vdkkWr W cdlnbqWshyhmf etmbshnm-Vghkd sgd enqldq hr ohunsdc
nm W chfidqdmshWshnm ne sgd tmhudqrhsx eqnl hsr ntsrhcd) sgd kWssdq rddjr W oqnfqdrrhud
dqWrtqd ne sghr chrsWmbd sgqntfg dwoWmcdc Wbbdrr- Tmrtqoqhrhmfkx) sgd bnmsqWchbshnmr
sgWs tmcdqkhd sgd roWbd ne sgd tmhudqrhsx WoodWq lnqd oqnmntmbdc hm hmdfWkhsWqhWm
rnbhdshdr)vgdqd vgn bWm otqrtd ghfgdqdctbWshnm Wmc gnv eWqqdlWhmrW bqtbhWkptdrshnm)
hm rohsd ne fnudqmldmsWk ldWrtqdr sn dmrtqd Wbbdrr Wmc chudqrhsx- Sghr hr mns rnkdkx W
lWssdq ne eddr:hm eWbs)eddr hm otakhb tmhudqrhshdr hm HmchW gWc qdlWhmdc qdkWshudkx knv)
tmshk W rsdWcx tovWqc qduhrhnm adbWld uhrhakd hm lWmx okWbdr nudq sgd oWrs cdbWcd- Hs
hr Wkrn Wants vgn bWm Wfinqc shld enq ghfgdq dctbWshnm Wr WfWhmrs dWqmhmf W khudkhgnnc-
Sghr aWrhb chuhrhnm lWjdr hs chffbtks enq sgd tmhudqrhsx sn rgdc hsr dkhsd bgWqWbsdq)dudm
vgdm etmchmf btsr)hmWcdptWsd hmeqWrsqtbstqdr Wmc eWbhkhshdr)Wmc W rsqtbstqWkhmrdmrhshuhsx
sn sgd bgWmfhmf Wmc chudqrd mddcr nehsr rstcdmsr)gWud qdrtksdc hm Wm hlonudqhrgldmsne
hsr hmrshstshnmWkkhed-
Sghr cndr mns ldWm sgWs sgd dwbktrhuhrs bgWqWbsdq neotakhb tmhudqrhshdr gWr qdlWhmdc
tmbgWmfdc hm HmchW-HmbqdWrdc chudqrhsx hm sgd bWlotr bnlltmhsx gWr W uhsWkqnkd sn okWx
hm sghr)Wksgntfg sghr hr mns rnkdkx Wm dfidbs ne cdlnfqWogx-Rnld uhrhakd bgWmfdr gWud
addm chrbdqmhakd hm sgd vWxr ne khed hm otakhb tmhudqrhshdr hm HmchW nudq sgd kWrs svn
cdbWcdr)lWhmkx Wr W qdrtks ne sgd hmbqdWrd hm sgd qdrdquWshnm ne rdWsr enq rstcdmsr eqnl
tmcdqoqhuhkdfdc bWrsd Wmc bnlltmhsx aWbjfqntmcr- Ats vgdm cndr chudqrhsx sqWmrkWsd
eqnl ptWmshsx sn ptWkhsx Wmc Wfidbs sgd sdwstqd ne khed hm W tmhudqrhsx; ?mhjds IWWvWqd
vqnsd hm sgd 088.r Wants sgd ’rhkdmbd nesgd rtaWksdqm rstcdms)qdedqqhmf sn qtqWk)udqmW,
btkWq rstcdmsr hm sgd Dmfkhrg bkWrrqnnl ne ldsqnonkhsWm tmhudqrhshdr)vgn edks sgWs sgdhq
sdWbgdqr Wmc tqaWm oddqr chc mns’rdd sgdl Wr sgdx eWkkadknv sgd sgqdrgnkc neqdbnfmhy,
Wakd Wksdqhsx-4 ?ksgntfg sghr rhkdmbd odqrhrsr Wmc hr eWq eqnl chrWoodWqhmf)hshr hlonqsWms
sn mnsd sgd bgWmfdr hm sgd nqcdqr neuhrhahkhsx Wmc Wtchahkhsx hm HmchWm otakhb tmhudqrhshdr
nudq sgd oWrs svn cdbWcdr)vghbg gWud aqntfgs sn sgd enqdfqntmc bnlokdw odcWfnfhbWk)
onkhshbWkWmc dsghbWkhrrtdr-R-Inrdog r qdlWqjWakd ondl hm LWkWxWkWl ‘ ’Hcdmshsx BWqc ‘
oqnadr sgd cqdWlr Wmc eWhktqdr neHmchWm tmhudqrhsx khed sgqntfg sgd lhrsneW rhkdmbd sgWs
gWr mnv adbnld lnqd oWkoWakd Wmc chffbtkssn hfmnqd-5 Sgd kWqfd mtladq nerthbhcdr ne
17 T ITL:P

CWkhsrstcdmsr hm qdbdmsxdWqr lWx hmchbWsd mnsnmkx sgd cdedWsnecqdWlr Wmc WrohqWshnmr

atsWkrn W qdetrWksn Wbbdossgd sdqlr nesghr cdedWs-? bqhshptd nesgd HmchWm tmhudqrhsx gWr
adftm sn dldqfd sgqntfg otakhb sdrshlnmhdr eqnl CWkhs Wmc AWgtiWm rstcdmsr-Sghr gWr
dmWakdc W rbqtshmx neoqWbshbdr nesdWbghmf Wmc rtodquhrhnm Wmc sgd hlokhbhsoqnsnbnkr ne
rnbhWkhmsdqWbshnm nm bWlotrdr)Wmc W adssdq qdbnfmhshnm ne sgd bnmchshnmr ne dwbktrhnm
sgqntfg vghbg sgd tmhudqrhsx dwhrsr Wr W chfidqdmshWsdc Wmc dmbknrdc roWbd- Sgdqd hr
Wkrn sgd ghmsneW oqnlhrd)dudm hegWqc sn qdWkhyd)nemdv vWxr nehlWfhmhmf Wmc eWrghnm,
hmf sgd qdkWshnmrgho adsvddm sgd cdlnbqWshyhmf roWbdr ne sgd tmhudqrhsx Wmc sgd kWqfdq
otakhb cnlWhm-
Sgd shld nesghr chffbtksrdke,hmsdqqnfWshnm hm HmchWm tmhudqrhshdr gWr ‘ hqnmhbWkkx ‘ Wkrn
addm sgd shld neWm nlhmntr dqnrhnm nesgd cdlnbqWshb onsdmshWkneotakhb roWbdr-Lncdqm
bnmbdoshnmr neonkhshbWkotakhbmdrrhmunkud mnqlr nesqWmroWqdmbx Wmc bnmbdWkldms)Wbbdrr
Wmc oqnsdbshnm-Sgd oWrscdbWcd gWr rddm W cddo qdvnqjhmf nesgdrd)ansg nm sgd rhcd nesgd
rsWsd Wmc nm sgWs ne rnbhdsx- GnvWqc BWxfhkk gWr nfidqdc Wm hmbhrhud Wbbntms ne sgd
?qbWmtl)sgd rdbqdskhed nesgd rsWsd sgWsqdlWhmr ghccdm eqnl sgd rnkhbhsWshnm neuhrhahkhsx
Wmc sgWsrgWodr onkhshbWkkhed-6 GhrsnqhbWkkx)cdlnbqWshb rsWsdr gWud khudc vhsg sgd ?qbWmtl)
lnrsne sgd shld oqdrdquhmf sgd rdbqdbx ne hsr dwhrsdmbd Wr W qdonrhsnqx ne rdbqdsr-Vd Wqd)
gnvdudq)khuhmf Ws W shld ne bgWmfdr hm sgd bnm ftqWshnm ne uhrhahkhsx Wmc sqWmroWqdmbx
vhsghm vghbg sgd rsWsd) sgd bhshydm rtaidbs) Wmc sgd otakhb rogdqd qdkWsd sn nmd Wmnsgdq-
Sgdqd hr Wm hmbqdWrhmfkx nodm Wbjmnvkdcfdldms sgWs sgd rsWsd vhkkrdbqdskx bnkkdbs hmenq,
lWshnm nm hsr bhshydmr Wmc trd sdbgmhptdr ne rtqudhkkWmbd sgWs uhnkWsd sgdhq oqhuWbx-
Enqlr nernudqdhfm onvdq gWud qdfWhmdc sgdhq oqnlhmdmbd)dudm Wrsgdx sWjd enqlr nefnu,
dqmldmsWknq ahnonkhshbWkWbstWkhyWshnm-Sghr gWr addm WbbnloWmhdc ax W chlhmtshnm nesgd
bnmsqnksgWs hmchuhctWkr nq bnlltmhshdr gWud WfWhmrssgd rsWsd r bWoWbhsx sn odmdsqWsd Wmc
Wbbdrr sgdhq cnlWhmr Wsvhkk-BqtbhWksn sghr bgWmfd gWr addm sgd dwoWmrhnm nesdbgmnknfhdr
ne hcdmsh bWshnm Wmc rtqudhkkWmbd)Wmc sgd dqnrhnm ne dwbdoshnmWk oqnsdbshnmr fqWmsdc sn
oWqshbtkWq fqntor nm fqntmcr neutkmdqWahkhsx nq lhmnqhsx rsWstr-
Vghkd sgdrd sqdmcr Wqd bkdWqkx hm duhcdmbd) sgd HmchWm rhstWshnm lWx mns rnkdkx ad
Wmnsgdq dwWlokd ne W fknaWk oWssdqm- ?m hlonqsWms edWstqd ne otakhbmdrr hm oqdrdms,
cWx HmchW hr sgd mdtsqWkhyWshnm nesgd onvdq neuhrhahkhsx-Sgdqd gWud addm lWmx hmrsWmbdr
hm sgd qdbdms oWrs ne odqodsqWsnqr ne uhnkdmbd bhqbtkWshmf hm fkddetk dwtksWshnm hm uhcdn
qdbnqchmfr ne sgdhq uhnkdms WssWbjr Wmc Wbsr ne gtlhkhWshnm- Sghr chrokWxr mns nmkx W
rdmrd nesnsWkhlotmhsx atsWkrn Wm nodm bnmsdlosenq sgd uWktd neuhrtWkqdbnqcr Wr duh,
cdmbd-Dudm hm hmrsWmbdr netrd neenqbd ax sgd onkhbd)sgd ennsWfd bWostqdc eqnl rhsdr gWr
rnldshldr rgnvm onkhbd odqrnmmdkaqdWj rtqudhkkWmbd bWldqWr sn oqdudmsqdbnqchmf-Sgd
qdkWshnmrgho adsvddm uhrhahkhsx) cnbtldmsWshnm Wmc WbbntmsWahkhsx hr tmcdqfnhmf Wm
hlonqsWms bgWmfd-OWqWkkdksn sghr)W lnudldms hm sgd noonrhsd chqdbshnm snn hr chrbdqm,
hakd9sgd bhshydm)Wr hmchuhctWk)gWr adbnld Wm naidbsneqdkdmskdrr cnbtldmsWshnm)Wmc bWm
ad bWkkdc tonm sn dwokWhm ognmd bWkkr)knbWshnmr uhrhsdc)Wmc Wbshuhshdr odqenqldc hm sgd
qdWkWmc sgd uhqstWkcnlWhmr-Sgdqd hr Wm hlokhbhs qdpthqdldms enq Wkkbhshydmr sn gWud W
bkdWqkx cd mdc chfhsWkkx Wbbdrrhakd odqrnmW)Wr dwdlokh dc hm sgd ?WcgWWq oqnidbs-Sgd
lnahkd ognmd gWr oqWbshbWkkx adbnld Wm drrdmshWk qdpthqdldms enq sgd udqh bWshnm ne
hcdmshsx Wmc enq Wbbdrrhmf mdsvnqjr Wmc rdquhbdr) hmbktchmf sgnrd sgWs Wqd drrdmshWk sn
nmd r qhfgsr ne bhshydmrgho-
Sgdrd svn sqdmcr ‘ nmd sgWs qdmcdqr sgd trd ne cnbtldmsWqx duhcdmbd Wmc vhsmdrr
Wbbntmsr trdkdrr hm oqnsdbshmf nq bkWhlhmf nmd r qhfgsr) Wmc sgd nsgdq lWjhmf nmd
ONRSBNKNMH:K RSTCHDR 18

cdedmbdkdrr WfWhmrs rtqudhkkWmbd Wmc dmenqbdc uhrhahkhyWshnm ‘ kdWc sn W rgqhmjWfd ne sgd

cdlnbqWshb gnqhynm ne otakhbmdrr- Vghkd sgd hmchuhctWk) sqWbjdc Wmc cnbtldmsdc) hr
lWcd sgd sWqfds ne otmhshud Wbshnm hm rhstWshnmr ne chrrdms Wmc oqnsdrs) uhnkdmbd ax
bdqsWhm fqntor fndr rbns,eqdd Wr bgWqfdr Wqd lWcd WfWhmrs eWbdkdrr lnar nq tmrodbh dc
’WmshrnbhWk dkdldmsr Wksgntfg sgd hmchuhctWkr Wmc sgd onkhshbWk enqlWshnmr sgdx adknmf
sn Wqd bkdWqkx hcdmsh Wakd Wmc rnldshldr dudm cnbtldmsdc Wmc otakhbhydc ax sgdlrdkudr-
Hm bnmsqWrs) chfhsWk duhcdmbd ne rtoonqs sn odWbdetk oqnsdrsr bWm ad trdc rdkdbshudkx hm
nqcdq sn athkc W mWqqWshud ne bnmrohqWbx Ws uWqhWmbd vhsg sgd WbstWk dudmsr- Sgd
Wbbtrdc Wqd nesdm onvdqkdrr WfWhmrs rtbg lWmndtuqdr) drodbhWkkx he sgdx Wqd bgWqfdc
tmcdq kWvr sgWs cdmx sgdl aWhk Wmc tmcdqlhmd sgdhq bWoWbhsx sn cdedmc sgdlrdkudr-
Sghr hr bnlontmcdc ax sgd rdhytqd ne ognmdr) kWosnor Wmc chfhsWk cduhbdr eqnl sgnrd
qdfWqcdc Wr rtrodbsr ax sgd onkhbd-Sgdqd gWud addm bnlokWhmsr)drodbhWkkx ax WbWcdlhbr)
sgWs enkcdqr Wmc kdr)vghbg chc mns dwhrs nm sgdhq cduhbdr vgdm sgdx vdqd rdhydc ax sgd
onkhbd)gWud WoodWqdc Wr hmbqhlhmWshmf duhcdmbd ctqhmf hmsdqqnfWshnm-Sgd rsWsd ne sgd
cduhbd Ws sgd lnldms ne hsr rdhytqd hr mns qdbnqcdc chfhsWkkx !enq hmrsWmbd)hm W lhqqnq
hlWfd nm W gWqc cqhud(Wmc mn ldWrtqdrWqd lWcd WuWhkWakd sn dmrtqd Wmc udqhex hsrhmuhnk,
Wahkhsx-Sghr hr dfidbshudkx W cdmhWkne sgd qhfgsr ne hmchuhctWkr rtrodbsdc ne W bqhld)Wmc
nodmr sgd cnnq sn Wm tmbgdbjdc mWqqWshud oqnctbshnm ne ’duhcdmbd - Sgd itqhchbWk
oqnbdrr hm HmchW rddlr sn kWbj qdkhWakd ldbgWmhrlr enq oqnsdbshmf bhshydmr eqnl eWkrd
WbbtrWshnmr Wmc lWmhotkWshnm ne duhcdmbd ax sgd onkhbd-
Hesgd cdudknoldmsrldmshnmdc Wanud gWud chrWakdc hmchuhctWkhmhshWshudrWsotakhb bqh,
shbhrl Wmc chrrdms)bnkkdbshud Wbshnm ‘ bdmsqWksn cdlnbqWshb btkstqdr hm sgd enql neotakhb
lddshmfr) cdlnmrsqWshnmr Wmc rsqhjdr ‘ Wqd Wkrn oqnfqdrrhudkx qdmcdqdc hlonrrhakd-
Otakhb oqnsdrsr hm okWbdr ne rsqnmf uhrhahkhsx Wmc hloWbs Wqd nesdm cdmhdc odqlhrrhnm-
Hm BdmsqWkCdkgh)rdbshnm 033 nesgd BqhlhmWkOqnbdctqd Bncd)vghbg chrWkknvrfWsgdqhmfr
ne lnqd sgWm entq odqrnmr)hr hm enqbd lnrs ne sgd shld-Oqnsdrsr Wqd chqdbsdc sn ’cdrhf,
mWsdc rhsdr rtbg Wr IWmsWq LWmsWq) dmbknrdc roWbdr sgWs Wqd mns uhrhakd eqnl mdWqax
qnWcr)nq rnldshldr dudm sn okWbdr khjd AtqWqhnm sgd ntsrjhqsr ne Cdkgh-Sghr Wksdqr sgd
udqx uWktd ne otakhbmdrr) vghbg hr cdodmcdms nm hsr nodmmdrr) uhrhahkhsx Wmc dfidbshud
Wccqdrr sn sgd rsWsd-Sgd otakhb hr qdcd mdc Wr W fWsgdqhmf ne khjd,lhmcdc odnokd sgWs
gWr addm odqlhssdc Wesdq dmrtqhmf hsr hmdfidbshudmdrr-Tmcdq sgdrd qdrsqhbshnmr)cdlnm,
rsqWshnmr Wmc Wbsr ne oqnsdrs dmc to rodWjhmf oqhlWqhkx sn sgdlrdkudr: sgdx Wccqdrr
mdhsgdq sgd Wtsgnqhshdr eqnl vgnl sgdx rddj qdcqdrr mnq sgd fdmdqWk otakhb sn vgnl
sgdx rodWj Wr sgdhq vhsmdrr Wmc Wqahsdq-Oqnsdrsr stqm hmsn fdrstqdr ne rnkhcWqhsx qWsgdq
sgWm rdqud Wr Wbsr sgWs hloWbs sgdhq hmsdqknbtsnqr Wmc sgd vnqkc ntsrhcd- Nmd lWx rdd
gdqd W bkdWq stqm snvWqcr sgd oqhuWshyWshnm ne otakhbmdrr-Otakhb roWbdr knrd sgdhq rsWstr
Wr rhsdr nesgd bnllnm)Wmc adgWud Wr hesgdx Wqd nvmdc ax sgd rsWsd)hsr oqhuWsd oqnodqsx)
vghbg hm stqm hr lWcd WuWhkWakd enq trd hm rdkdbshud)hmdpthsWakd Wmc oWqshrWm vWxr-Mdv
enqlr ne rtqudhkkWmbd Wmc oqnrdbtshnm)Wr mnsdc)dmWakd sgd hrnkWshnm ne hmchuhctWkr vgn
dwoqdrr chrrdms Wmc cd,qdbnfmhshnm ne bnkkdbshuhshdr Wr onkhshbWkrtaidbsr-Sghr otrgdr sgd
hmchuhctWk chrrdmsdq hmsn W utkmdqWakd onrhshnm ne hrnkWshnm) dkhlhmWshmf sgd otakhb Wmc
bnkkdbshud chldmrhnm ne gdq nq ghr Wbsr-
Gnv cn sgdrd bgWmfdr Wfidbs sgd tmhudqrhsx Wmc hsr qdkWshnmrgho sn sgd otakhb rogdqd;
Sgd sdbgmnknfhdr ne rtqudhkkWmbd Wmc hmchuhctWshnm)Wmc sgd chrWakhmf ne bnkkdbshudr chr,
btrrdc Wanud)gWud addm hmsqnctbdc hmsn sgd qdftkWshnm nerstcdmskhed hm tmhudqrhshdr-Rst,
cdmsr tmhnmr) sdWbgdqr WrrnbhWshnmr Wmc nsgdq qdoqdrdmsWshud anchdr) Wr vdkk Wr otakhb
2. T ITL:P

fWsgdqhmfr Wmc oqnsdrs lWqbgdr)gWud addm chrWkknvdc nq chrbntqWfdc hm lWmx tmhudq,

rhshdr hm HmchW nudq sgd oWrsedv xdWqr-Dwbdoshnmr Wqd lWcd enq lWqbgdr Wmc oqnbdrrhnmr
ax rstcdms nts sr sgWs lWx gWud sgd rtoonqs ne sgd qtkhmf enqlWshnm)Wmc sghr hr cnmd
rnldshldr hm sgd mWld ne ghfgkx oWqshrWm hmsdqoqdsWshnmr ne rddlhmfkx mnm,oWqshrWm
hcdWkr rtbg Wr mWshnmWkhrl-Sgd hmsqnctbshnm ne rtqudhkkWmbd bWldqWr nm bWlotrdr)sgd
dWqlWqjhmf ne rodbh b roWbdr WvWx eqnl sgd rdWsr ne onvdq enq oqnsdrs)Wmc sgd trd ne
gdWux mdr Wmc nsgdq otmhrgldmsr ‘ Wkk sgdrd ldWrtqdr rddj sn aknbj sgd dldqfdmbd
nebnkkdbshud unhbdr vhsghm sgd tmhudqrhsx-Sghr mdv chrbhokhmhmf nesgd tmhudqrhsx rddr rst,
cdmsr Wr admd bhWqhdr ne otakhb kWqfdrrd Wmc sdWbgdqr Wr dloknxddr vgn vnqj tmcdq
hmrsqtbshnmreqnl sgd WclhmhrsqWshnm)qWsgdq sgWm Wr ldladqrneWm hmsdkkdbstWk,WbWcdlhb
bnlltmhsx-Sghrqtmr bntmsdqsn sgd sgqtrsnebWlotrkhed hm HmchW)vgdqd rstcdmslnahk,
hyWshnm gWr ghrsnqhbWkkx okWxdc W gtfd onkhshbWkqnkd)ansg hm sgd mWshnmWklnudldmsWmc hm
onrs,hmcdodmcdmbd HmchW- HlonqsWmskx) hs gWr rdqudc sn rshffid mdv hchnlr ne Wrrdqshnm
hmhshWsdc ax rstcdmsr eqnl tmcdqoqhuhkdfdc rdbshnmr ne rnbhdsx Wmc sgd rdWqbg enq mdv
mnqlr Wmc dsghbWk oqWbshbdr enq tmhudqrhsx khed vhsghm sgd eqWldvnqj ne W cddodmdc
cdlnbqWbx-Sgd qdbdmschrbhokhmhmf nesgd tmhudqrhsx gWr dfidbshudkx etmbshnmdc Wr W aWbj,
kWrg WfWhmrs sgd mdv rohqhs ne ptdrshnmhmf Wmc dsghbWk qdcd mhshnm sgWs gWc dldqfdc hm
bWlotrdr nudq sgd oWrs cdbWcd-
Sgd bnqd nesgdrd hmhshWshudr hr W rohqhsnebqhshbhrl)mnv chqdbsdc mnsnmkx Wssgd vnqkc
ntsrhcd ats Wkrn Ws sgd tmhudqrhsx r nvm bnmrshstshud bnmrsqWhmsr Wmc gWahsr-Nmd ne sgd
cnlhmWms lncdr ne bqhshbhrl gWr addm sn bgWkkdmfd qdbdhudc vhrcnl Wmc dwonrd sqtsg
sgqntfg Wm WmWkxrhr ne rsqtbstqdr ne bnmbdWkldms- Hm sghr rdmrd) bqhshbhrl gWr W cddo
Wmc hmshlWsd qdkWshnmrgho vhsg sqtsg bkWhlr-Dudm rsqWmcr ne bqhshbWk sgntfgs sgWs gWud
rsWxdc WvWx eqnl tmhudqrWkhrs cd mhshnmr ne sqtsg chrokWx W cddo bqhshbWk hmudrsldms hm
’sqtsg fWldr )hm rbqtshmhyhmf sgd oqnbdrr ne oqnctbshnm ne vgWs hr chrokWxdc Wmc cdsdq,
lhmdc Wr ’sqtsg - ?m WkkhWmbd adsvddm bntqWfd Wmc sqtsg gWr tmcdqohmmdc sgd bqhshbWk
oqnidbs-He JWms hcdmsh dc ’CWqd sn jmnv Wr sgd lnssn ne sgd Dmkhfgsdmldms)’RodWjhmf
sqtsg sn onvdq gWr addm sgd lnrs eWlhkhWq lnssn ne bnmsdlonqWqx bqhshbhrl-
Sgd lnrsvnqqhrnld eWkkntsneqdbdmscdudknoldmsr hm HmchW)Wr hm lWmx nsgdq oWqsr ne
sgd vnqkc) gWr addm sgd dqnrhnm ne sgd bqhshbWk uWktd ne sqtsg- Mns sgWs ldmcWbhsx vWr
tmjmnvm sn HmchWm otakhb khed:atssgWssgd mnqlWshud uWktd nesqtsgetkmdrrgWraddm bxmh,
bWkkx tmcdqlhmdc hm qdbdms shldr-Sdrshlnmhdr Wmc sqtd Wrrdqshnmr Wqd hmbqdWrhmfkx chr,
bqdchsdc Wr oWqshrWm udqrhnmr nq Wr cnvmqhfgs khdr- Sgdx Wqd qdftkWqkx bnmsdrsdc
sgqntfg WksdqmWshud udqrhnmr) vghbg ‘ dudm vgdm nauhntrkx Wmc rbWmcWkntrkx eWkrd ‘
rddj sn chrbqdchssgd okWtrhahkhsx neWkkudqrhnmr Wmc sgtr tmcdqlhmd sgd sqtrsWmc hmudrs,
ldms hm sqtsg bkWhlr-Sgd chrsWmbd adsvddm sqnkkhmf Wmc bqhshbhrl gWr mWqqnvdc)chrWo,
odWqhmf Wksnfdsgdq Ws shldr- Sgd sqnkk hlhsWsdr sgd fdrstqdr ne bqhshbhrl vhsgnts Wmx
hmudrsldms hm sqtsg)lnshuWsdc ax dwtksWshnm hm sgd cdfqWcWshnm ne vgWs hr uWktdc-Sgd
qdWk Whl ne sgd bhqbtkWshnm ne eWjd mdvr)ad hs nudq rnbhWk ldchW nq sdkduhrhnm bgWmmdkr
nq oWqshrWm mdvroWodqr) hr sn dqncd sgd bqhshbWk onsdmshWk ne mdvr ax lWjhmf Wkk mdvr
WoodWq Wr uWqhdshdr ne eWjd mdvr-Sghr gWr rnld rhlhkWqhsx sn dwsqWbshmf okdcfdr ne Wkkd,
fhWmbd ax aqtsd enqbd ‘ ad hs sn W kdWcdq nq Wm hcdW nq W qdkhfhnm ‘ vghbg gWr Wr hsr mWk
dmc mns sgd Wcchshnm ne mdv enkknvdqr ats sgd cdfqWcWshnm ne WkkdfhWmbd sn adkhder-
Sgd WssWbj nm sgd WbWcdlx mddcr sn ad tmcdqrsnnc hm sgd bnmsdwsnesghr bWloWhfm sn
chrWakd otakhb dmfWfdldms vhsg sqtsg Wmc hsr bqhshbWk) sqWmrenqlWshud onsdmshWk- Sghr hr
rddm hm sgd rtodq bhWkWooqnoqhWshnm nesgd ogqWrd ’bqhshbWksghmjhmf hm onkhbx cnbtldmsr)
ONRSBNKNMH:K RSTCHDR 20

hm sgd hcdmsh bWshnm nebqhshbhrl WfWhmrssgd rsWsd nq qtkhmf enqlWshnmr Wr ’mdfWshud sghmj,
hmf)Wmc hm sgd dwgnqsWshnmr sn rgWqd ’onrhshud rsnqhdr -SdWbgdqr vgn enbtr nm dmWakhmf
rstcdmsr sn cdudkno W ffiWhq enq hmcdodmcdms sghmjhmf Wmc Wbpthqd snnkr enq hsr Wssdmshud
Wmc qhfnqntr oqWbshbd Wqd uhdvdc vhsg chreWuntq Wmc dudm cdmntmbdc Wr gWqletkhlonr,
snqr-Rstcdmsr Wmc sdWbgdqr vgn sWjd hcdWr eqnl sgd tmhudqrhsx sn sgd otakhb cnlWhm Wqd
onqsqWxdc Wr sqntakdlWjdqr Wmc sWqfdsdc enq chqdbs WssWbj) Wmc Wqd rhmfkdc nts ax sgd
onkhbd enq Wqqdrs Wmc hmsdqqnfWshnm)Wr vd gWud rddm hm qdbdms lnmsgr-
Sghr hrvgx sgd qdbdmsWssWbjr nm WbWcdlhbr hm HmchW Wrrtld rodbhWkrhfmh bWmbd-VgWs
hr qdudWkdc hm sgdl hr W cdrhfm sgWsdwsdmcr adxnmc rodbh b hmrsWmbdr Wmc qdWbgdr ntssn
cdrsqnx sgd khmjr adsvddm sgd rhsdr neW bqhshbWkonkhshbWkbtkstqd-Sgd oqnlhrd nesgd tmh,
udqrhsx khdr hm hsr hmudrsldmshm dpthoohmf mdv fdmdqWshnmr enq Wtsnmnlx-Sgd qdoqnctb,
shnm ne jmnvkdcfd hr mns Wm dmc hm hsrdke: hs Wkrn rdqudr Wr sgd roqhmfanWqc enq sgd
oqnctbshnm ne mdv jmnvkdcfd)vghbg bWm ad qdWkhydc nmkx sgqntfg sgd oWshdms vnqj ne
bqhshbhrl- Sgd otakhb cnlWhm ne tssdqWmbdr Wmc Wbshnmr ‘ ne cdlWmcr) oqnsdrsr Wmc
chrrdms ‘ hr sgd nsgdq uhsWk rhsd ne sghr vnqj ne bqdWshnm sgqntfg ptdrshnmhmf Wmc
qdetrWk-Sgdx Wqd ansg bqtbhWkenq sgd khed neW cdlnbqWbx)vghbg hr eWbdc vhsg sgd bnmrsWms
sWrj nehmudmshmf hsrdkeWmdv sn Wccqdrr adssdq hsr nvm dsghbWkbnmsqWchbshnmr-Sgd chrshmb,
shnm lWcd ax JWmsadsvddm qdronmrhahkhsx hm qdkWshnm sn sgd rbgnkWqkx otqrthsnesqtsg Wmc
sgd otakhb dmtmbhWshnm nesqtsg adbnldr mnsnmkx tmrsWakd atsWkrn tmsdmWakd sgdqd-Sgd
btqqdms WrrWtks nm sgd otakhb rogdqd Wmc bqhshbWk hmsdkkhfdmsrhW hm sgd tmhudqrhsx Whlr Ws
aknbjhmf sgd qdrntqbdr sgqntfg vghbg vd bWm sghmj Wmc khud sgd tmsgntfgs- Hm sghr
rdmrd)sghr vhkk odqgWor ad sgd cddodrs bgWkkdmfd eWbdc ax sgd hmsdkkdbstWk khed ne HmchWm
tmhudqrhshdr- Qdronmrd sn sghr bgWkkdmfd lWx mddc sn mc hsr qdrntqbdr mns hm sgd
cdedmbd ne sgd tmhudqrhsx r oqhuhkdfd Wr sgd btrsnchWm ne jmnvkdcfd) ats hm enqfhmf
bnllnm bWtrd hm sgd hlonudqhrgldms) rgWqdc dptWkkx Wmc rdudqWkkx ax sgd tmhudqrhsx
Wmc sgd rnbhdsx hm vghbg hs khudr-

Dnscr
0- HllWmtdkJWms)’?m ?mrvdq sn sgd Ptdrshnm9VgWs hr Dmkhfgsdmldms; )hm IWldr Rbglhcs
!dc-()VgWs hr Dmjhf gsd mld ms1 Dhf gsd d msg Bd mstp w :mr ud p r Wmc Sud mshd sg Bd mstp w Ptd r shnmr )
IWldr Rbglhcs !sqWmr()Adqjdkdx Wmc Knr ?mfdkdr9Tmhudqrhsx ne BWkhenqmhW Oqdrr)0885)oo
47‘53-
1- HllWmtdkJWms)’OqdeWbd sn Sgd Bnm hb s ne sgd EWb tjshd r !0687()hm HllWmtdkJWms)Qd jhf hnm
Wmc QWshnmWj Sgd njnf w)LWqx I Fqdfnq Wmc Qnadqs ?mbgnq !sqWmr()BWlaqhcfd9BWlaqhcfd
Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr)0885)oo 130)131-
2- JWms)’OqdeWbd )o 138-
3- IWbptdr CdqqhcW)’Lnb gjnr :nq)Sgd Bnmffihbsnesgd EWbtkshdr )hm QhbgWqc QWmc !dc-()Knf nlW,
b ghW1 Sgd Bnm hb s ne sgd EWb tjshd r )QhbgWqc QWmc Wmc ?lx VxfWms!sqWmr()Khmbnkm9Tmhudq,
rhsx ne MdaqWrjW Oqdrr)0881)oo 0‘23)dro-07-
4- ?mhjds IWWvWqd) ’Sgd Rhkdmbd ne sgd RtaWksdqm Rstcdms) hm Rtrhd SgWqt !dc-() Rtaid b s sn
BgWmf d 1 Sd Wb ghmf Khsd p Wstp d hm sgd Mhmd shd r )GxcdqWaWc9NqhdmsKnmflWm)0887)oo 0.6‘013-
5- R-Inrdog)’Hcdmshsx BWqc )hm J RWsxWmWqWxWmW Wmc Rtrhd SgWqt !dcr()Mn :jogWad s hm Rhf gs1
Md u CWjhs Vp hshmf ep nl Rntsg HmchW) Unj- .1 SWlhj Wmc LWjWwWjWl) J RWsbghcWmWmcWm
!sqWmr()Mdv Cdkgh9Odmfthm)1.00)oo 343‘344-
6- GnvWqc BWxfhkk) ’:p b Wmtl9 Sgd Rdbqds Khed ne RsWsd Wmc Bhuhk Rnbhdsx ) hm U RWmhk Wmc
ChuxW Cvhudch !dcr() Sgd Otajhb Rogd p d ep nl Ntsr hcd sgd Vd r s) Knmcnm9 Aknnlratqx)
1.04)oo 10‘3.-
21 T ITL:P

erbinrtoc rsNsclcms
Mn onsdmshWkbnmffihbs ne hmsdqdrs vWr qdonqsdc ax sgd Wtsgnq!r(-

Dnsc nm bnmsoeatsno
KaUu U rdUm hr Oqnedrrnq Ws sgd Bdmsqd enq Dmfkhrg Rstchdr) IWvWgWqkWk Mdgqt Tmhudqrhsx- Ghr
otakhbWshnmr hmbktcd Vp hshmf sgd Ehp r s Od p r nm1 Khsd p Wstp d ) Fhr snp w Wmc :tsnahnf p Wogw hm Lncd p m
Jd p WjW !QWmhjgds9OdqlWmdmsAkWbj)1.05()Sgd Inwb d Wm KWawp hmsg1 Qd od shshnm) Shld Wmc Sp Wchshnm
hm ’Tjwr r d r !Nwenqc9BkWqdmcnm Oqdrr)0880()Wmc oWodqr nm lncdqm khsdqWstqd Wmc btkstqd hm HmchW-
Ghr qdbdmsqdrdWqbg gWr enbtrdc nm cdWsg Wmc bnmsdlonqWqx btkstqd)enqlr nekhed vqhshmf)btkstqWk
ghrsnqhdr ne sgd ancx)Wmc hchnlr ne udqmWbtkWq rnbhWksgntfgs-