Department of Education
ENGLISH-6
Identifying the Purpose, Key Structural
and Language features of a Comparison
and Contrast
Second Quarter – Week 2
Charito S. Agoncillo
Writer
Norlito A. Argante
Rhodora V. Mandap
Validators
Ada T. Tagle
Cecilia Teresa C. Claudel
Marie Ann R. Esmeria
Dr. Ma. Carmen D. Solayao
Quality Assurance Team
Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City
Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It provides you with
meaningful and engaging learning experiences that will help you master the lesson.
After going through this lesson you are expected to:
1. Identify the purpose, key structural and language features of a comparison
and contrast; and
2. Understand the purpose of comparison and contrast.
A. Directions: Read the text carefully then answer the given questions.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer
Is that a Boa or a Python?
Boas and pythons are two species that often come to mind. They're
alike in so many ways that many people can't tell which is which.
Both types of snake use their forked tongues to smell. They also use
heat sensors on their lips to find warm-bodied prey such as rodents.
However, boas and pythons have differences. A boa's skull bones aren't
arranged the same as pythons. Pythons have more bones in their skull, and
more teeth too.
Boa young hatch inside their mother and are born live. Pythons, on the
other hand, do lay eggs.
If you have seen any of these snakes, be careful and stay away from
them.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To entertain c. To inform
b. To enumerate d. To persuade
2. Which statement tells the main idea of the text?
a. Both types of snake use their forked tongues to smell.
b. Boas and pythons are two species that often come to mind
c. However, boas and pythons have differences.
d. If you have seen any of these snakes, be careful and stay away from them.
3. Which sentence shows comparison?
a. Both types of snake use their forked tongues to smell.
b. A Boa's skull bones aren't arranged the same as pythons.
c. Pythons have more bones in their skull, and more teeth too.
d. Boa young hatch inside their mother and are born live.
4. However, boas and pythons have differences. A boa's skull bones aren't
arranged the same as pythons. Pythons have more bones in their skull, and
more teeth too.
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What signal or transition word for contrast is used?
a. differences c. However
b. the same d. more
5. Which is the ending statement that gives closure to the text?
a. They're alike in so many ways that many people can't tell which is which.
b. Boas and pythons are two species that often come to mind
c. However, boas and pythons have differences
d. If you have seen any of these snakes, be careful and stay away from them.
A. Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
6. Mr. Chips are the crispiest, crunchiest, and most delicious brand of chips you
will ever taste. Buy a bag today.
a. To entertain c. To inform
b. To enumerate d. To persuade
7. Which sentence shows comparison?
a. Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means that they have seeds
inside of them.
b. Each has a skin, but orange skins are thick and easy to peel.
c. Apple skins are thinner and do not peel easily.
d. Oranges also contain more acid than apples
8. Which sentence shows contrast?
a. Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means that they have seeds
inside of them.
b. Both fruits are delicious.
c. Apple skins are thinner and do not peel easily.
d. Each has a skin, but orange skins are thick and easy to peel.
9. Which group of words are signal words comparison?
a. both, like similarly c. unlike, while, both
b. likewise, however, thus d. in contrast. Like, both
10. Which group of words are signal words contrast?
a. both, like similarly c. unlike, while, both
b. in contrast, however, but d. in contrast. Like, both
Before we go deeper with our lesson, let’s see how well you remember your previous
lesson.
Directions: Read the text carefully then answer the given questions. Encircle the
letter of the correct answer.
Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather
improperly dressed; however, illnesses are not caused by temperature- they
are caused by germs.
So, while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your
immune system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because
you will have a greater exposure to germs.
Whether it is a cold weather or a hot weather, people should take
good care of themselves by eating nutritious food, having healthy diet and
having enough sleep to boost the immune system that will fight against
germs.
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1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To entertain c. To inform
b. To enumerate d. To persuade
2. Which statement serves as a topic sentence or introduction?
a. Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather
improperly.
b. Illnesses are not caused by temperature- they are caused by germs.
c. So, while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your
immune system.
d. Because you will have a greater exposure to germs.
3. Which sentences shows cause and effect?
a. However, illnesses are not caused by temperature- they are caused by
germs.
b. So, while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your
immune system
c. Because you will have a greater exposure to germs.
d. You are more likely to contract an illness indoors.
4. So, while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune
system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because you will have
a greater exposure to germs.
What signal or transition word for an effect is used?
a. so c. probably
b. while d. because
5. Which is the ending statement that brings closure to the text?
a. Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather
improperly dressed.
b. So, while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your
immune system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because
you will have a greater exposure to germs.
c. Whether it is a cold weather or a hot weather, people should take good
care of themselves by eating nutritious food, having healthy diet and
having enough sleep to boost the immune system that will fight against
germs.
d. You’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because you will have a
greater exposure to germs.
6. Which statement can function as topic or preliminary sentence?
a. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave
farming communities and move to the cities.
b. In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the
Earth's population lives in urban areas.
c. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure,
entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and
museums.
d. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting
than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural
communities.
7. Which shows cause and effect?
a. There are several reasons for this occurrence.
b. The increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the
creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities.
c. These facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm.
d. Therefore, drew them away from rural communities.
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8. Which can be a conclusion?
a. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave
farming communities and move to the cities.
b. In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the
Earth's population lives in urban areas.
c. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure,
entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and
museums.
d. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting
than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural
communities.
9. The increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the
creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities.
What is the effect?
a. Limited jobs c. People will move to the cities
b. City life is boring d. Population in the city will
decrease.
10. Which group of words are signal words for effect?
a. Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow c. Since, Due to, Effect of, When
b. Above, Across, Against, Along d. Therefore, Thus, So, The result of
The ability to compare and contrast is one of the first higher-order reading
comprehension skills that learners should learn. The ability to categorize and
compare things when it comes to their differences and similarities, corresponds to
some earliest stages of cognitive development. Without the ability of grouping things
effectively when it comes to their similarities and differences, “learning” would be
impossible.
In this lesson, you will figure out the purpose, key structural and language
features of a comparison and contrast.
Read the text in the box below.
Microscope and Telescope
The microscope and the telescope are two scientific optical instruments that serve
their purposes differently.
Both instruments are used for viewing and observing. They are made of lenses which
allow reflection or refraction of light rays. These are the similarities between the microscope
and telescope.
However, these instruments have differences. A microscope is used for looking at tiny
objects but a telescope makes things that are far away such as heavenly bodies look nearer.
Indeed, the “scopes”, found to be vital in viewing and observing objects, have propelled
scientists and explorers to level up their research, studies, and discoveries.
Physical and Chemical Change
All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically.
Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter. Physical changes are
those that do not change the make-up or identity of the matter and chemical changes turn
the matter into a new kind of matter with different properties.
However, there’s difference between them. Physical changes are temporary or only
last for a little while, and chemical changes are permanent, which means they last forever.
Therefore, physical and chemical changes both affect the state of matter.
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This is how a comparison and text written.
Key Structure of a Comparison and Contrast
1. Introduction is the topic sentence that clearly states the subjects or items
being compared and contrasted.
2. Body Paragraphs (Comparison) the similarities of the two objects being
compared were discussed.
3. Body Paragraphs (Contrast) consists of contrast organized logically.
4. Conclusion the text then ends with a conclusion about the main idea.
Paragraph Purpose Comparison Contrast
Microscope To inform Both instruments are However, these instruments
and used for viewing and have differences.
Telescope observing.
A microscope is used for looking
They are made of lenses at tiny objects but a telescope
which allow reflection or makes things that are far away
refraction of light rays. such as heavenly bodies look
nearer.
Paragraph Purpose Comparison Contrast
Physical To inform Both chemical and Physical changes are temporary
and physical changes affect or only last for a little while, and
Chemical the state of matter. chemical changes are
Change permanent, which means they
last forever.
To emphasize our ideas on comparison and contrast texts, transition words must be
observed.
Transition words that shows comparison includes both, alike, similarly, like
and likewise.
Transition words that shows contrast includes however, but, in contrast
difference unlike, whereas and while.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with what you have learned from this
lesson.
_____________ refers to the process of identifying the similarities and
differences between two things.
_____________ refers to identifying only the differences between two things.
Two subjects are compared based on their similiraties. They are contrasted
based on their diffences.
The structure of a comparison and contrast text includes _____________,
________________ and _____________.
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A. Read the text and answer the following questions. Use a separate sheet of paper
for your answer.
Tornadoes and Hurricanes
Hurricanes and tornados are both amazing yet, deadly natural phenomena.
Both generate deadly conditions, but in different ways.
Tornados are likely to damage people and property with their high winds, which
go up to 300 miles per hour, but hurricanes are generally more feared for their
flooding. Also, hurricanes can produce tornados, which makes them quite dangerous
indeed.
These natural phenomena are deadly, so people should be aware and be more
careful.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. Which statement functions as introduction?
3. Which statement shows comparison?
4. Which statement shows contrast?
5. Which statement concludes the text?
B. Read the text and fill-in the column that follows.
Red or White Pizza
Most people have had red pizza, or pizza covered with red sauce, but have you
ever had white pizza?
White pizza is made in almost the same way as red pizza: the dough rises and
is rolled out, toppings are applied, and it is cooked in an oven—but the key difference
is that white pizza does not have any tomato sauce on it. Instead, a white pizza may
have olive oil or no sauce at all.
I like white pizza more than red pizza because you can really taste the
ingredients.
If you have not had a white pizza, I recommend that you order or make one
today.
Paragraph Purpose Comparison Contrast
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C. Directions: Read the text carefully and answer the following questions. Encircle
the letter of the correct answer.
Lion and African wild dog
The lion is often thought of as the king of the jungle, but the African wild
dog may be a better hunter.
Both lions and African wild dogs are pack animals with great
characteristics when it comes to their speed and hunting food.
Although lions are very fast, they do not have much stamina. They attack
in short, ferocious bursts because they get tired quickly.
On the other hand, African wild dogs are not very fast, but they have
incredible stamina. They can run for hours and often chase their prey to
exhaustion.
So, you see, it’s not always good to be king.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To entertain c. To inform
b. To enumerate d. To persuade
2. Which statement shows the main idea?
a. The lion is often thought of as the king of the jungle, but the African wild
dog may be a better hunter.
b. Both lions and African wild dogs are pack animals with great
characteristics when it comes to their speed and hunting food.
c. Although lions are very fast, they do not have much stamina.
d. On the other hand, African wild dogs are not very fast, but they have
incredible stamina.
3. Which statement shows comparison?
a. The lion is often thought of as the king of the jungle, but the African wild
dog may be a better hunter.
b. Both lions and African wild dogs are pack animals with great
characteristics when it comes to their speed and hunting food.
c. Although lions are very fast, they do not have much stamina.
d. They attack in short, ferocious bursts because they get tired quickly
4. Which statement shows contrast?
a. The lion is often thought of as the king of the jungle, but the African wild
dog may be a better hunter.
b. Both lions and African wild dogs are pack animals with great
characteristics when it comes to their speed and hunting food.
c. Although lions are very fast, they do not have much stamina.
d. They attack in short, ferocious bursts because they get tired quickly
5. Which statement concludes the text?
a. The lion is often thought of as the king of the jungle, but the African wild
dog may be a better hunter.
b. Both lions and African wild dogs are pack animals with great
characteristics when it comes to their speed and hunting food.
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c. So, you see, it’s not always good to be king.
d. They attack in short, ferocious bursts because they get tired quickly.
D. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Both lightning and thunder are related events. Lightning is a sudden,
violent flash of electricity that occurs between a cloud and the ground or between
two clouds in the sky while thunder is a sound energy.
Both occur at the same time during a thunderstorm, but since light travels
faster than sound, lightning is seen first before one can hear the sound of thunder.
Lightning is fast and very hot while thunder can usher in heavy rain and
strong winds, but lightning is more dangerous and destructive than thunder.
Lightning is formed when water and ice particles collide with warm, moist
air and build up static energy while thunder is formed by the fast expansion of
gases in the electrical charge of lightning.
The reason we see a flash of lightning before hearing thunder is
because light travels faster than sound.
6. Which statement can be the main idea?
a. Both lightning and thunder are related events.
b. Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity that occurs between a
cloud and the ground or between two clouds in the sky.
c. It is this sound energy that we hear as thunder.
d. Thus, we see lightning and hear thunder.
7. Which statement shows comparison?
a. Both occur at the same time during a thunderstorm
b. Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity that occurs between a
cloud and the ground or between two clouds in the sky.
c. It is this sound energy that we hear as thunder.
d. Thus, we see lightning and hear thunder.
8. Which statement shows contrast?
a. Both lightning and thunder are related events.
b. Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity that occurs between a
cloud and the ground or between two clouds in the sky.
c. Lightning is fast and very hot while thunder can usher in heavy rain and
strong winds, but lightning is more dangerous and destructive than
thunder.
d. The reason we see a flash of lightning before hearing thunder is
because light travels faster than sound.
9. Which statement can be the conclusion?
a. Both lightning and thunder are related events.
b. Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity that occurs between a
cloud and the ground or between two clouds in the sky.
c. But lightning is light energy, or electromagnetic energy, whereas thunder
is sound energy.
e. Thus, we see lightning and hear thunder.
10. Which of the following are transition words for comparison?
a. both, like, similarly c. unlike, while, both
b. contrast, however, but d. in contrast. Like, bot
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References
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Joy in Learning English 6 Textbook, Agnes P. Galapon, Carmelita A. Relente, Evelyn B. Angeles,pp198-
199
[Link]
lightning/#:~:text=1.,hear%20the%20sound%20of%20thunder.
Answer Key:
10.b b 10. in an oven.
9. a c 9.
and it is cooked
8. d d 8.
7. a b 7. are applied,
6. d b 6. out, toppings
5. d c 5. and is rolled
4. c d 4. no sauce at all.
3. a a 3.
the dough rises
2. b a 2. have olive oil or as red pizza:
1. c c 1. the same way
white pizza may Pizza
made in almost
Pre-test Looking Back
Instead, a White pizza is To persuade Red or White
Contrast Comparison Purpose Paragraph
10.a B.
9. d and be more careful.
8. c 5. These natural phenomena are deadly, so people should be aware
7. a generally more feared for their flooding.
6. a winds, which go up to 300 miles per hour, but hurricanes are
B. 4. Tornados are likely to damage people and property with their high
c 5. 3. Both generate deadly conditions.
c 4. phenomena.
b 3. 2. Hurricanes and tornados are both amazing yet deadly natural
a 2. 1. To inform
d 1. A.
A. Check Your Understanding
Post-test
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