Integers (Definition, Numbers, Rules, Symbol & Examples)

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Integers
In Maths, integers are the

numbers which can be
positive, negative or zero,
but cannot be a fraction.
These numbers are used
to perform various
arithmetic operations
(https://byjus.com/math
s/arithmetic-
operations/), like
addition, subtraction,
multiplication and
division. The examples of
integers are, 1, 2, 5,8, -9,
-12, etc. The symbol of
integers is “Z“.
In terms of sets, the set
of integers includes zero,
set of whole numbers,
set of natural numbers
(also called counting
numbers
s/counting-numbers/))
and their additive
inverses (-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,..).
Integers are the subset
of real numbers.
Example of integers:
(/byjus-classes-book-a-free-60-minutes-class/registration?utm_campaign=mobile-
-100,-12,-1, 0, 2, 1000,
BOOK xed-button-book-class&utm_source=
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989 etc…
As a set, it can be
represented as follows:
Z= {……-8,-7,-6, -5, -4, -3, -2,
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8,……}
Table of contents:
De nition
Symbol
Rules
Properties
Types
Applications
Example
Video Lesson
FAQs
What are Integers?

We have different types
of numbers in
Mathematics, such as;
Real Numbers
Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers
Rational numbers
Irrational numbers
Even and Odd Numbers,
etc.
What are Integers in

Maths?
The word integer
originated from the Latin
word “Integer” which
means whole. It is a
special set of whole
numbers comprised of
zero, positive numbers
and negative numbers
and denoted by the letter
Z.
Examples of Integers –
1, 6, 15.
Fractions, decimals, and
percents are out of this
basket.
Free Class
Examples – -2.4, 3/4,
90.6.
Symbol
The integers are
represented by symbol
‘Z’.
Z = {…-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,..}
Also, read:
Addition and Subtraction

of Integers
(https://byjus.com/maths/addition-
subtraction-integers/)
Multiplication and
Division of Integers
(https://byjus.com/maths/multiplication-
division-integers/)
Integers As Exponents
(https://byjus.com/maths/integers-
as-exponents/)
Operations Of Integers
(https://byjus.com/maths/operations-
of-integers/)
Rules of Integers
Rules de ned for
integers are:
Sum of two positive
integers is an integer
Sum of two negative
Product of two positive
Product of two negative
Sum of an integer and its
inverse is equal to zero
Product of an integer and
its reciprocal is equal to
1
Now, let us discuss the
addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and
division of signed integer
numbers with examples.
Addition of Signed
Integer Numbers
While adding the two
integers with the same
sign, add the absolute
values, and write down
the sum with the sign
provided with the
numbers.
For example,
(+4) + (+7) = +11
(-6) + (-4) = -10
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While adding two
integers with different
signs, subtract the
absolute values, and
write down the difference
with the sign of the
number which has the
largest absolute value.
For example,
(-4) + (+2) = -2
(+6) + (-4) = +2.
Subtraction of Signed
Integer Numbers
While subtracting two
integers, change the sign
of the second number
which is being
subtracted, and follow
the rules of addition.
For example,
(-7) – (+4) = (-7) + (-4) =
-11
(+8) – (+3) = (+8) + (-3) =
+5
Multiplication and
Division of Signed
Integer Numbers
While multiplying and
dividing two integer
numbers, the rule is
simple.
If both the integers have
the same sign, then the
result is positive.
If the integers have
different signs, then the
result is negative.
For example,
(+2) x (+3) = +6
(+3) x (-4) = – 12
Similarly
(+6) ÷ (+2) = +3
(-16) ÷ (+4) = -4
Properties of
Integers
The major Properties of
Integers are:
1. Closure Property
2. Associative Property
3. Commutative Property
4. Distributive Property
BOOK 5. Additive Inverse Property
Free Class
6. Multiplicative Inverse
Property
7. Identity Property
Closure Property
According to the closure
property of integers,
when two integers are
added or multiplied
together, it results in an
integer only. If a and b
are integers, then:
a + b = integer
a x b = integer
Examples:
2 + 5 = 7 (is an integer)
2 x 5 = 10 (is an integer)
Commutative
Property
According to the
commutative property of
integers, if a and b are
two integers, then:
a+b=b+a
axb=bxa
Examples:
3 + 8 = 8 + 3 = 11
3 x 8 = 8 x 3 = 24
But for subtraction and
division, commutative
property do not obey.
Associative Property
As per the associative
property , if a, b and c are
integers, then:
a+(b+c) = (a+b)+c
ax(bxc) = (axb)xc
Examples:
2+(3+4) = (2+3)+4 = 9
2x(3×4) = (2×3)x4 = 24
This property is
applicable for addition
and multiplication
operations only.
Distributive property
According to the
distributive property of
integers, if a, b and c are
integers, then:
a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c
Example: Prove that: 3 x
(5 + 1) = 3 x 5 + 3 x 1
BOOK
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LHS = 3 x (5 + 1) = 3 x 6 =
18
RHS = 3 x 5 + 3 x 1 = 15 +
3 = 18
Since, LHS = RHS
Hence, proved.
Additive Inverse
Property
If a is an integer, then as
per additive inverse
a + (-a) = 0
Hence, -a is the additive
inverse of integer a.
Multiplicative inverse
Property
If a is an integer, then as
per multiplicative inverse
a x (1/a) = 1
Hence, 1/a is the
multiplicative inverse of
integer a.
Identity Property of
Integers
The identity elements of
integers are:
a+0 = a
ax1=a
Example: -100,-12,-1, 0, 2,
1000, 989 etc…
As a set, it can be
represented as follows:
Z= {……-8,-7,-6, -5, -4, -3, -2,
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8,……}
For more properties, click
here
s/properties-of-
integers/).
Types of Integers
Integers come in three
types:
Zero (0)
Positive Integers (Natural
numbers)
Negative Integers
(Additive inverse of
Natural Numbers)
Zero
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Zero is neither a positive
nor a negative integer. It
is a neutral number i.e.
zero has no sign (+ or -).
Positive Integers
Positive integers are
those numbers which are
positive in nature. It is
also represented by a
plus sign (+). These
integers lie on the right
side of zero in the
number line. Hence, all
positive integers are
greater than zero.
Example: 1,2, 200,
5666,99999999, etc.
Negative Integers
In contrast to positive
integers, negative
integers are numbers
symbolized with a minus
sign (-). Negative
integers are represented
to the left side of zero on
a number line.
Example: …., -99999, -150,

-10, -1.
Applications
Integers are not just
numbers on a paper; they
have many real-life
applications. Effect of
positive and negative
numbers in the real world
is different. They are
mainly used to symbolize
two contradicting
situations.
For example, when the
temperature is above
zero, positive numbers
are used to denote
temperature, whereas
negative numbers
indicate the temperature
below zero. They help
one to compare and
measure two things like
how big or small or more
or fewer things are and
hence can quantify
things.
Some real-life situations
where integers come into
BOOK
play
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Free Class are player’s scores in
golf, football and hockey

tournaments, the rating
of movies or songs, in
banks credits and debits
are represented as
amounts respectively.
Solved Example
Question : Plot the
following integers on the
number line:
-121, -97, -82, -67, -43,
-10, 0, 10, 36, 55, 64, 77,
110, 126, 147.
Answer:
In the above number line,

each number has been
plotted with a red dot.
Video Lesson
To learn about the

properties of integers
and to solve problems on
the topic, download
BYJU’S
Free Class – The Learning
App from Google Play
Store and watch
interactive videos.
Frequently Asked
Questions – FAQs
What are integers?
Integers are the
combination of zero,
natural numbers and
their additive inverse. It
can be represented in a
number line excluding
the fractional part. It is
denoted by Z.
What is an integer
formula?
An integer is a set of
numbers along with zero
and does not have any
formula.
What are the

examples of
integers?
The examples of integers
are 3, -5, 0, 99, -45, etc.
Can integers be
negative?
Additive inverse of
natural numbers are
negative integers, such
as -1,-2,-3,-4,-5, and so on
What are the types of

integers?
Integers are of three
types:
Zero, Positive integers
and Negative integers
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4 Comments
JULY 17, 2020 AT 7:48 AM
(HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/MATHS/INTEGERS/#COMMENT-
Sanjana 120820)
Class 7 explain all chapters
REPLY
(HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/MATHS/INTEGERS/?
REPLYTOCOM=120820#RESPOND)
AUGUST 19, 2020 AT 2:48 PM
Atharva Jadhav 140868)
The set of positive and negative

integers together with 0 is called
Please answer.
Please help me byjus.
REPLY
AUGUST 19, 2020 AT 10:56 PM
lavanya 141177)
The set of positive natural

numbers and negative numbers
together with 0 is called
Integers.
REPLY
AUGUST 28, 2020 AT 9:44 PM
Rida Sharma 147002)
It’s very nice I have the app and I

understand it very nicely
REPLY
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In Maths, integers are the

What are Integers?

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Example: …., -99999, -150,

golf, football and hockey

In the above number line,

To learn about the

What are the

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JULY 17, 2020 AT 7:48 AM

Class 7 explain all chapters

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The set of positive and negative

AUGUST 19, 2020 AT 10:56 PM

The set of positive natural

AUGUST 28, 2020 AT 9:44 PM

Rida Sharma 147002)

It’s very nice I have the app and I

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