ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

ABOUT THIS MODULE

Education is one of the most essential goods one has to pay attention to. No pandemic
can stop educators providing learning and continuous service to dear learners. This module is
made to scaffold learning and armour the students with indispensable wealth they could use for
a lifetime.

Most content and images used in this module were derived from the internet and most
especially from the books of Marilu Ranosa Madrunio and Isabel Pefianco Martin. The
framework used in this module is World Englishes, admirably suited to the new General
Education Courses.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

1
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

CHAPTER ONE: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

Lesson#1 – THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate an understanding of the key ideas in language and communication
✓ Relate your personal experience with the input presented

Study the following words. Which spelling is correct? Tick the appropriate box. Justify your
answers.
Correct? Incorrect?
1. Aeroplane
2. Airplane
3. Colonise
4. Colonize
5. Defence
6. Defense
7. Enrolment
8. Enrolment
9. Honour
10. Honor

Justification:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

What is Language?
Together with the creation of human life is the creation of a wonderful and dynamic
human capacity – language. Animals are said to be able to communicate with each other.
While it may be true that animals communicate, only human beings are truly capable of
producing language.
Language – linguists agree that a language can only be called a language if it has a system of
rules (also known as grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon). These
are the requirements for identifying a means of communication as a language.
Speech community – when people use language, they can understand each other because
they share the same set of rules in the language system.
Language acquisition – while growing up, people acquire the languages used by those in the
community. The languages acquired while growing up are known as mother tongues, which
may also be referred to as first language.
Second language – people discover later on that other languages are needed for various
reasons.
Language learning - people learn these languages (L1 and L2) by studying formally in school
or informally on their own.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

2
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 1.1.1 My Language Biography

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Reflect on the concepts presented in the input and connect these to your personal experience of
language by creating your own Language Biography. Begin by filling in the Language Biodata
Form below.
Language Biodata Form
How many languages do you speak?
Identify these languages.
What is/are your first language/s or
mother tongue/s?
What skills can you perform using
your first language/s?
What is/are your second language/s?
How did you learn your second
language/s?
What skills can you perform using
your second language/s?
What are your language strengths?
What are your language
weaknesses?
Which language is your favourite and
why?

With the information provided in your Language Biodata Form, write your Language
Biography, which is a paragraph that tells the story of your languages. Consider the following
Rubrics: Content-10%, Organization-20%, Mechanics – 30%
My Language Biography
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT
3
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson#2 – TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

At the end of the lesson you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate knowledge about the role of language in human communication
✓ Identify the types of communication in relation to communication mode, context, and
purpose and style
✓ Differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication and their sub-forms in relation
to communication modes
✓ Evaluate the differences among intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational,
and intercultural communication in relation to communication context
✓ Explain the difference between formal and informal communication in relation to purpose
and style
✓ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different communication types in
various communication settings.

What is Communication?
- The exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among two or
more people, various contexts come into play
- Context is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place.

Types of Communication According to Mode

- Verbal – Non-verbal Communication - is the use of sounds and words to express
yourself, especially in contrast to using gestures or mannerisms (non-verbal
communication).
- Visual communication – uses visuals to convey information and/or messages.
Some examples are signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams,
pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations and even various forms of electronic
communication (i.e. emoji, emoticons and animation)
Types of Communication According to Context
- Intrapersonal Communication means talking to oneself. Some label it as self or
inner talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue. Psychologists call it with other names
such as self-verbalization or self-statement.
- Interpersonal Communication is an interactive exchange of thoughts, ideas and
emotions. A simple interaction such as greetings, getting to know a person or
ordinary conversations that happen between or among the interactants. This may
occur in dyads or small groups or group communication.
- Extended Communication involves the use of electronic media. The description of
extended communication may be expanded as to include tele, audio, or phone
conferencing, video-conferencing, Skype calls; and other technological means.
- Organizational Communication. For an organization to be successful, a system of
communication should be put in place. A set of rules or standards for communication
protocol should be clear so that interaction patterns are established. There are two
types of organizational structure: formal and informal. Formal structure allows
communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

4
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

positions in the organization. Informal communication comes from unofficial channels

of message flow.

Check the images below:

*Formal structure make use of four approaches: 1. Downward communication, 2. Upward

communication, 3. Horizontal communication, 4. Crosswise communication

Organization culture is of utmost significance since it will dictate the kind of behaviour that
employees should possess as well as the extent of commitment expected from them by the
organization.

- Intercultural Communication is a communication between or among people having

different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. Even
gender difference affects communication

Types of Communication According to Purpose and Style

- Formal Communication employs formal language delivered orally or in written form

(example: lectures, public talks/ speeches, research and project proposals, reports,
and business letters
- Informal Communication does not employ formal language. It involves personal
and ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or acquaintances about
anything under the sun.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

5
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 1.2.3 Mission, Vision, and Values

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

I. Presume that you are going to put up your own organization. Decide on the nature
and the objective/s of the organization you wish to establish. Draft your vision and
mission statements but access first the website below and view it so you will be
properly guided:
Mission, Vision, & Values: The Foundation of Every Great Company
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Mjbk0pTJYI
After viewing the clip, you are now ready to draft your own mission-vision
statements. Remember that a mission statement communicating the purpose of the
organization. It states the following points:
a. What the organization does for its clients?
b. What the organization does for its employees?
c. What the organization does for the owner/s?
d. What the organization does for the community
e. What the organization does for the world?

On the other hand, remember too that a vision statement states an aspiration and
focuses on something that you want to be in the future. It states the high-level goals
of the organization which coincide with the owner’s/founder’s objectives.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
II. Now that you have your mission-vision statements, identify at least three powerful
core values that will serve as the organization’s guiding principles. Explain what each
means and why you have chosen them. Remember that these core values should
help you fulfil your business goals which should also be imbibed by your employees.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

6
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson # 3 Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics

After the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Explain the various communication models and how they help in understanding the
communication process
✓ Identify variables involved in the communication process
✓ Discuss the value of communication in enhancing one’s personal and professional
relationships
✓ Determine the principles for effective oral and written communication
✓ Evaluate the differences between oral and written communication
✓ Point out the ethical issues involved in communication
✓ Recognize the importance of a code of ethics in communication

Communication Models

A model is often abstract. It is a representation of a real world phenomenon applied to

different forms. The interplay of variables in the model is represented graphically. Try to assess
later what comprises the communication models and what variables are common to them.

Aristotle
emphasized
that there are
three
variables in
the
communicati
on process:
speaker,
speech, and
audience

Harold Dwight Laswell described

the communication as being
focused on the following Ws: Who
says What in Which channel to
Whom and with What Effect.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

7
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

In this model, other

components such as
noise, reception,
destination, and feedback
have been identified.
Other terms such as
information source for the
sender, transmitter for the
encoder, decoder
(reception), and receiver
(destination were
introduced.

David Berlo’s model conceptualized in 1960 is probably the most well-known among the
communication models.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

8
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

General Principles of Effective Communication

1. Know your purpose in communicating

2. Know your audience.
3. Know your topic.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation.
5. Work on the feedback given you.

Principles of Effective Oral Communication

1. Be clear with your purpose

2. Be complete with the message you deliver.
3. Be concise.
4. Be natural with your delivery.
5. Be specific and timely with your feedback.

Principles of Effective Written Communication (The 7Cs)

Ethics of Communication

1. Establish an effective value system that will pave the way for the development of your
integrity as a person.
2. Provide complete and accurate information.
3. Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

9
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 1.3.1 Effective Oral Communication

Name:
Program/Year: Date:
View on YouTube
(https://www.ted.com/talks/celeste_headlee_10_ways_to_have_a_better_conversation?languag
e=en)a TED talk by Celeste Headlee about 10 Ways to have a Better Conversation and answer
the following questions intelligently.

1. What advice/s did the speaker shared to her audience? Does it observe certain
principles for effective communication?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What does she mean by this quote “"There is no reason to learn how to show you're
paying attention if you are in fact paying attention”? Cite any experience you had in
relation to the quote.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Did she mention any of the communication model discussed in the lesson? Cite an
example if any.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. From the video, how can one observe ethics in communication?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Why is it important to have a code of conduct or a code of ethics?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

10
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 1.3.2 Effective Written Communication

Name:
Program/Year: Date:
Read the translated English version in 2015 Pres. Noynoy Aquino’s speech on the
Mamasapano incident then write your reaction to it. Do you think the speech followed the
principles of effective written communication? Why or why not? What advice can you suggest?
Write your answer on the space provided. Consider the following rubrics: Content-10%,
Organization-20%, Mechanics – 30%

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Visit the link https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/419111/full-text-english-

translation-of-president-aquino-s-speech-on-the-mamasapano-clash/story/.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

11
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 1.3.3 Code of Ethics

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

The code of ethics in the workplace should be carefully thought out since it will guide the
employees in assessing what is right and wrong for the business. With the image above, explain
the nature in the workplace. Be guided with what the image wants to explain. Consider the
following rubrics: Content-10%, Organization-20%, Mechanics – 30%

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

12
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

CHAPTER TWO: MODES OF COMMUNICATION

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Identify the various communication modes and how they help in expressing one’s
communicative intent
✓ Show the importance of face to face, audio, virtual, text-based, and other forms of
communication particularly in targeting different types of audiences in local and global
settings
✓ Distinguish the differences between and among the communication modes
✓ Use these communication modes appropriately depending on the context of the
communication situation.

Lesson one: Communication Modes

Communication mode refers to the channel through which one express his/her
communicative intent. It is the medium through which one conveys his/her thoughts.

- Face-to-face interaction. It is an informal or casual conversation between two or

more people.
- Video. Web cameras are used so that two or more people who cannot interact face
to face can communicate. If there are no technical glitches encountered, this could
be a very effective mode of communication especially for people separated by
distance. (example: Skype, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger)
- Audio. Audio means transmitted sounds. In this mode of communication, only the
voice of the speaker is heard. An obvious downside of this mode is not being able to
see the body language or cues of the person you are talking to.
- Text-based communication. It has wider reach and can disseminate information to
a bigger audience quickly. (Example: e-mail, fax, text messaging and instant
messaging.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

13
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 2.1.1 Video as a Mode of Communication

Name:
Program/Year: Date:
View a video conference from YouTube titled “A video conference call in real life” by Tripp and
Tyler. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMOOG7rWTPg. Then answer the following
questions.

1. What was the topic of the video conference?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who were the participants? Where were they form?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How was the flow of the video conference?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Were there some technical glitches encountered? Were they resolved immediately?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. After viewing the sample video conference, what do you think are some of the
constraints of this communication mode?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

14
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 2.1.2 Text-based Communication

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Identify the type of text-based communication mode that best suits the following
situations. Explain why. Write your answer on the blank after each number.

1. Disseminating information about the change in examination schedule

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Providing information about the latest school policy on conducting interviews of
university officials.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Explaining why the student failed in the test.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Expressing apology for a grave shortcoming.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Inviting someone to attend your lecture forum.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Explaining why you failed to attend the class activity.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. Inviting classmates to join community service program for the PWDs in the city.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8. Informing schoolmates about the cancellation of classes due to the typhoon.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
9. Announcing the award granted by an international organization to a teacher.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10. Reprimanding a male student for keeping a pornographic magazine.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

15
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson two: Communication and Technology

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Identify the positive and negative dimension of the use of technology in communication
✓ Demonstrate your knowledge about the use of social media in Asia and the rest of the
world
✓ Convey an idea or deliver a message for a variety of audiences using the most
appropriate technological tool.

What ideas about technology do the image presents? Does the image presents negative and
positive ideas about technology?

Communication in Social Media

Today, with the rapid rise and spread of Internet connectivity, the old forms of
communication have given way to new forms that make communications easier and faster.
Read the following news report about the use of social media in the Philippines.

Pinoys Top Social Media Users, According to Study (by Miguel R. Campus, 2017)

Filipinos spend more time on social media sites than anyone else in the world, going online
roughly four hours and 17 minutes a day, according to a report released on Tuesday

Filipinos spend most of their online time on sites such as Facebook, Snapchat and Twitter, said
the report, called Digital in 2007, and prepared by social media platform Hootsuite and United
Kingdom-based consultancy We Are Social Ltd.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

16
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

US among bottom half

Brazilians and Argentinians followed closely behind, spending three hours and 43 minutes and
three hours and 32 minutes on social media, respectively, the report said.

The United States, where many of these social media players were founded, is among the
bottom half, with Americans spending an average of just two hours and six seconds per day.
The least active were the Japanese, who log on an average of just 40 minutes daily.

“It’s probably due to the same cultural dynamics that made us the text messaging capital of the
world,” said Ramon Isberto, spokesperson for telecoms giant PLDT and Smart, referring to
mobile phone text messaging in the past decade that is now giving way to internet-based
applications.

“Filipinos like to keep in touch,” Isberto said.

Slowest in Asia-Pacific

The Philippines’ social media usage was in stark contrast to its internet speed. Fixed-broadband
speed here is among the slowest in Asia-Pacific, while mobile connections are among the
fastest, according to the most recent Akamai report.

There appeared to be a relationship between poor fixed-broadband speed and time spent on
social media.

The Philippines, Brazil and Argentina have an average fixed-line broadband speed of 4.2
megabits per second (mbps), 5.5 mbps and 5 mbps, respectively.

The fastest was South Korea, with 26.3 mbps, and its citizens just spend about 1 hour and 11
minutes a day on social media.

Internet use on the rise

According to the report, the Philippines’ internet and social media users grew by over 25
percent, up 13 million and 12 million over last year, respectively.

Mobile was also a fast-growing platform, accounting for 38 percent of all Web traffic in the
country, up almost a third over 2016.

The Philippines, so far, had a social media penetration rate of 58 percent, higher than the
average of 47 percent in Southeast Asia.

Around the world, internet users grew 10 percent, or an additional 354 million people, while
active social media users jumped 21 percent, or an additional 482 million.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

17
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Global active netizens using mobile phones and other devices surged 30 percent, or another
581 million people.

Digital Connectivity

The total internet penetration rate stood at 50 percent, or 3.77 billion people, the report showed.

“Half of the world’s population is now online, which is a testament to the speed with which digital
connectivity is helping to improve people’s lives,” said Simon Kemp, a consultant at We Are
Social.

“The increase in internet users in developing economies is particularly encouraging,” Kemp

added.

The report compiles data from the world’s largest studies of online behavior, conducted by
organizations including GlobalWebIndex, GSMA Intelligence, Statista, and Akamai in “a
comprehensive state” of social media reference.

The 2016 report has been downloaded 70,000 times and read 2.5 million times on SlideShare
so far.

Sharpen your understanding of the reading text by answering the following questions:

1. How much time is spent on social media sites by Filipinos? Japanese? Brazilians?
Americans? Argentinians?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What conclusions can you draw from your answer in no.1?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. How would you compare the internet speed in the Philippines with that in Brazil?
Argentina? South Korea?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What conclusions can you draw from your answer in no. 3?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. The author claims that global internet use is on the rise. What facts does the author
provide to support this claim?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

18
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 2.2.1 Forms of Communication

In a group of five or six members, do research and conduct virtual interviews that will help you
generate information about (1) various forms of communication, and (2) the advantages and
disadvantages of using this forms. The groups may be organized as follows:

Group 1 Telegrams (or telegraph messages)

Group 2 Handwritten letters or messages
Group 3 typewritten letters or messages
Group 4 E-mail messages
Group 5 text (SMS messages)
Group 6 Facebook posts

Report your findings to the class through virtual presentation.

Take down notes from the presentation of the other groups. Use the table below.

Forms of Description Primary use Advantages Disadvantages

Communication

Self-Assessment

Communication Practice Yes No Not

sure
1. Whenever I make a public post on social media, I first
review the content and language of my post. I will think
before I click.
2. In using technology when communicating a message, I am
mindful of the strengths and weakness of the tool I use.
3. In using technology when communicating a message, I vary
the language depending on the toll I sue
4. Although I have value communication technology, I also
spend time for face to face interaction with people.
5. In using technology when communicating a message, I
respect the privacy of individuals concerned in the message
PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT
19
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

CHAPTER THREE: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Lesson One Communication and Globalization

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate knowledge about globalization as an economic phenomenon

✓ Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of globalization on communication

What is Globalization?

- The process by which people and goods move easily across borders. Principally, it is
an economic concept – the integration of markets, trade and investments with few
barriers to slow the flow of products and services between nations
- Globalization has brought many benefits to many people. But not to everyone.

What Drives It?

❖ Globalization has speeded up enormously over the last half-century, thanks to great
leaps in technology.
❖ The internet has revolutionized connectivity and communication
❖ The invention of enormous container ships and improvement in transport

What’s good about it?

❖ Globalization has led to many millions of people being lifted from poverty.
❖ It provides livelihood and benefit to the community
❖ Globalization has not only allowed nations to trade with each other, but also cooperate
with each other as never before.

What’s bad about it?

❖ While some areas have flourished, others have floundered as jobs and commerce move
elsewhere.
❖ Computers have vastly improved our lives, but cyber criminals steal millions of pounds a
year.
❖ Globalization operates mostly in the interest of the richest countries.
❖ It does not help to close the gap between the poor and rich nation
❖ Globalization cloud lead to unappalled peace and prosperity

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

20
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.1.1 What is the Impact of Globalization on Communication?

Name:
Program/Year: Date:
In pairs, make a collage, a poster, or a slogan about the impact of globalization on
communication. Then, on the space provided below, explain your work in one or two
paragraphs.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

21
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson Two: Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate awareness of the reality of cultural diversity

✓ Demonstrate an understanding of how cultural diversity affects communication
✓ Appreciate the benefits and challenges of cross-cultural communication

Intercultural Communication

- Refers to the communication between people from two different cultures.

(Chen & Starosta, 1998:28)
- Intercultural communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional,
contextual process, in which people from different cultures create shared
meanings. (Lustig & Koester, 2007:46)
- Intercultural communication refers to the effects on communication behavior,
when different cultures interact together. Hence, one way of viewing
intercultural communication is as communication that unfolds in symbolic
intercultural spaces. (Arasaratnam, 2013:48)

High-Context Culture

- A high-context culture relies on implicit communication and nonverbal cues. In

high-context communication, a message cannot be understood without a
great deal of background information. Asian, African, Arab, central European
and Latin American cultures are generally considered to be high-context
cultures.

Low-Context Culture

- A low-context culture relies on explicit communication. In low-context

communication, more of the information in a message is spelled out and
defined. Cultures with western European roots, such as the United States and
Australia, are generally considered to be low-context cultures.

Sequential VS. Synchronic

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

22
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Neutral vs. Affective Cultures

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

23
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.2.1 Communicating Across Cultures

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Read the following statements carefully. Decide if each statement is true or false. Write
T on the blank if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false. If the statement is false,
re-write or revise it to make it true. Use the space provided after each statement. (Point system:
5 items x 3 points each = 15 points)

____1 Anyone who is proficient speaker of a language will find communicating across
cultures easily.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____2 Our emotions do not matter whenever we communicate with others.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____3 There is no such as a right culture or a wrong culture.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____4 All cultures have the same way of thinking about time.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____5 Communicating across cultures happens in one’s own country because of
diverse domestic workforce of many companies today.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

24
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.2.2 Communicating with Filipinos: An Expat’s Confessions

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Interview a member of an expatriate community in the Philippines. An Expatriate is a non-

Filipino person who is temporarily residing in the Philippines for business or work purposes.
During your interview, ask about his/her experiences in communicating with Filipinos. What are
his/her pleasant experiences? Be ready to present the results of your interview as a written
report and as an oral presentation to the class. Use the following interview guide questions. Do
not forget to take selfies/groufies as proof.

1. What are your experiences in communicating with Filipinos?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What are the challenging situations you have encountered?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How did you deal with these challenges?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
*Place your pictures in a clean sheet of bond paper. Indicate place, time and date.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

25
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson Three: Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate understanding of the concept of the varieties of English in Asian contexts

✓ Discuss the importance of the varieties of English in both oral and written contexts
✓ Identify some grammatical, lexical, and syntactic features of post-colonial varieties of
English in Asian context
✓ Distinguish the lexicon of some Asian varieties of English
✓ Demonstrate knowledge about the concept of registers of English in spoken and written
language
✓ Use the appropriate register depending on the communication situation
✓ Display an ability to adjust and cope with communication breakdown

Varieties of English

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

26
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

In the Asian context, the concept was introduced by Braj Kachru. The famous “Three
Concentric Circles of Asian Englishes” attributed to Kachru presents the three circles: Inner
Circle with ENL (English as a Native Language) member countries; the Outer Circle with ESL
(English as a Second Language) member countries; the Expanding Circle with EFL (English as
a Foreign Language) member countries.

Language Registers/Registers of English

David Crystal (2008) defines register as a variety of language defined according to its use in
social situations

Legalese – legal language highly characterized by archaic expressions, technical jargons

intrinsic only to the community of legal professionals, embedded structures, nominalizations

Textese – the features of SMS language or textese language.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

27
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.3.1 British English vs. American English

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Watch news on BBC and CNN International. Compare the two varieties of English you listened
to. Make a list of vocabulary items that each variety uses and provide their counterparts.

BBC CNN International

(British English) (American English)

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

28
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.3.2 What Do You Mean?

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Analyse each utterances – its meaning, context, and register. Fill in the table with your answers.

1. Just a sec, please!

2. Could you please hold on for a while? I will just call her.
3. I really apologize. I do not mean to hurt you.
4. So sorry for my mistake.
5. Am not interested in your party.
6. I can’t make it to your party. I’ll make it up next time.
7. Good morning, Mr. Alcaraz!
8. Hello, Mr. Alcaraz!
9. Our sincerest congratulations on your forthcoming promotion.
10. Congrats! You made it!
Meaning Context of the situation Register (Formal or
informal)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

29
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson Four: Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of cultural contexts in the

communication process
✓ Analyse texts that reflect varied cultures and practice
✓ Appreciate various cultural identities and differences

Cultural Texts

In the Philippines language, every vowel is pronounced with a full distinct sound.
Filipinos pronounce words as they are written or spelled out making it syllable-timed and not
stress-timed. Americans on the other hand, blend syllables or sometimes even drop some
sounds making the syllables short. Below are some examples of this feature:

American English Philippine English

1. Gotcha! Got you!
2. Whatche say? What did you say?
3. Wherd you go? Where did you go?
4. Ja hitit? Did you hit it?
5. Can I getche a drink? Can I get you a drink?

A cultural barrier does not only pertain to differing languages. It may also be in the form
of a cultural practice or even bodily gesture. For instance, in English speaking countries and
even in the Philippines, thumbs up gesture signals approval. However, it is considered offensive
in other countries such as Greece, Italy, and some parts of Middle East.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

30
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.4.1 Varieties of English: Pronunciation

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Below are two examples of varieties of English that focus on pronunciation. Classify them
accordingly and write them under the correct column.

1. elemenTAry vs. eleMENtary

2. istreet vs. street (street)
3. brids vs. bridge (bridge)
4. ass vs. asks (asks)
5. thought vs. tot (thought)
6. closez vs. closes (closes)
7. dat vs. that (that)
8. tin vs. thin (thin)
9. measure vs. measure (measure)
10. chip vs. cheap (cheap)
American English Philippine English
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Task 3.4.2 Varieties of English: Vocabulary

Below are examples of two varieties of English that focus on expressions. Classify them
accordingly and write them under the correct column. Note that some terms from the list are
used by both varieties.

1. Underground economy vs. black economy

2. Counterclockwise vs. anticlockwise
3. Housing development vs. housing estate
4. Elementary school vs. junior school
5. Labor union vs. trade union
6. Expiry date vs. expiration date
7. Current account vs. checking account
8. Rubbish vs. garbage

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

31
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

9. Parentheses vs. brackets

10. Drink driving vs. drunk driving
11. Driving license vs. driver’s license
12. Fortnight vs. two weeks
13. Raincoat vs. mackintosh
14. Third-party insurance vs. liability insurance
15. Whisky vs. whiskey

American English British English

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Task 3.4.3 Formal Language vs. Informal Language

Name:
Program/Year: Date:
Fill in the table below. Assess the communication situation, the type of relationship between the
speaker and listener, and the language used.

Communication Relationship between Language used

situation the speaker and
listener
1. Oops sorry!

2. I am very
pleased to
meet you, sir.
3. Let’s go to the
gig!
4. Hello! I’m
Dina
5. Would you
mind getting
me a drink?
PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT
32
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

6. I said: “Leave
me alone!”
7. I need some
time to reflect
8. I apologize for
my mistake.
9. Shall we go
now?
10. Give it to me

Deepening Activity

1. Read the articles titled: “10 ways speakers of World English are changing the language”
and “5 great words from Singapore English” by Danica Salazar published on September
25, 2015 and August 11, 2016, respectively in blog.oxforddictionaries.com. Then, used
the featured words in your own sentences.
2. Write a spoken poetry that features texts (e.g., words, expressions, idioms, etc) from
other varieties of English and respects/embraces cultural identities and differences.
Perform it in class. Here’s the rubric for your reference.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

33
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson Five: Coping with the Challenges of Intercultural Communication

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Recognize the challenges of intercultural communication

✓ Determine the sources of misunderstanding
✓ Identify the approaches to studying intercultural communication
✓ Appreciate learning about other cultures and identities
✓ Appreciate the value of co-existing with individuals of different cultural backgrounds

Challenges of Intercultural Communication

The Handshake
Country or Type of Handshake
Region
United States Firm handshake
France Soft handshake
Germany Firm handshake, for men, traditionally accompanied by a bow
Japan Handshake with arm extended, accompanied by a bow
Middle East Handshake and free hand placed on the forearm of the other person

Greetings
Japan Korea

Sources of Misunderstanding

Kaur (2016) cites the following as the sources of misunderstanding:

1. Ambiguity – lack of explicitness on the part of the speaker in the form of problematic
reference and ambiguous semantics in which an utterance is open to different
interpretations.
2. Performance-related misunderstanding – slips of the tongue and mishearing which
may be due to utterances spoken quickly
3. Language-related misunderstanding – ungrammaticality of sentences
4. Gaps in world knowledge – gaps in content rather than language
5. Local Context – turns and turns within sequences produced by the participants
themselves, and the orientation of the participants as well as the repair moves that follow
the displayed understanding

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

34
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Approaches to Studying Intercultural communication

To better understand the concept of intercultural communication, three approaches as explained

by Martin and Nakayama (2010) can be studied

Social Science or Interpretative Critical

Functionalist
Discipline on which Psychology Anthropology, Various
approach is founded sociolinguistics
Research goal Describe and predict Describe behaviour Change behaviour
behaviour
Assumption of reality External and Subjective Subjective and
describable material
Assumptions of Predictable Creative and Changeable
human behaviour voluntary
Method of study Survey, observation Participant Textual analysis of
observation, field media
study
Relationship of Communication Culture created and Culture as a site of
culture and influenced by culture maintained through power struggle
communication communication
Contribution of the Identifies cultural Emphasizes that Recognizes the
approach variations; communication and economic and
recognizes cultural culture and cultural political forces in
differences in many differences should be culture and
aspects of studied in context communication;
communication but asserts that all
often does not intercultural
consider context interactions are
characterized by
power

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

35
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 3.5.1 Non-verbal Code Differences

Name:
Program/Year: Date:
Work with a partner and list down at least 10 differences between two cultures as regards their
non-verbal code.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

36
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Deepening Activity

Find videos about the following topics on YouTube. Compare the gestures in your own
country with those in other countries and assess if the meanings are similar or different.

1. Gestures across cultures

2. Gestures in Different Cultures
3. English Conversation: The meaning of Handshake

Self-Assessment

Rate yourself honestly as you read the following statements. Check the column that
corresponds to your answer. Use the following rating scale: Agree -4; Somewhat agree – 3;
Neither Agree nor disagree-2; Disagree – 1

4 3 2 1
1. I read materials about other cultures so I can understand better how
different people communicate.
2. I now know why I misunderstand people from other culture
3. I have become aware of the cultural differences among countries in
terms of the non-verbal code.
4. I have become interested in studying the approaches to intercultural
communication.
5. I now exert more effort when communicating with people from other
cultures to minimize miscommunication.

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

37
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

CHAPTER FOUR: COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

Lesson One: The Explanation Essay

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Demonstrate an understanding of the conventions of the explanation essay

✓ Appreciate the value of clearly explaining a phenomenon
✓ Write an explanation essay of at least 500 words on a topic of your choice

Writing an Explanation Essay

1. Choose a topic that you understand well

2. Be careful not to veer into the territory of other types of essays
3. Gather evidences to support your essay
4. Outline your essay.
5. Write the body of your paper
6. Finish with your conclusion and introduction.

Task 4.1.1 Understanding the Essay

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Read the essay “A Mansion of Many Languages” by Danton Remoto (2017), then answer the
following questions.

1. The author asserts that the Philippines is a “multi-lingual paradise”. He believes that
having many languages is an advantage for the Philippines and to Filipinos. Do you
agree with the author? Discuss your agreement or disagreement.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Was the author able to fully explain the phenomenon he chose to explain? Discuss
your answer with a partner. Make sure to provide support for your answers with specific
strategies used by the author in making his explanations

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

38
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Task 4.1.2 Writing an Explanation Essay

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

I. Pre-writing. Before you write your explanation essay, fill in the table below.
What is the phenomenon you are
explaining?

What explanations are you providing

for the phenomenon above?
Give at least three

How do you plan to introduce your

topic?

How do you plan to end your essay?

Did you research for your explanation

essay?

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

39
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

If you did research, what specific

ideas in your essay are generated
through research?

If you did research, what are your

sources?

List all your sources. Use the citation

format recommended by the American
Psychological Association (APA)

II. Writing. Write an explanation essay on any topic of your choice. You may need to
do some research about the topic in order to better explain it. The essay must be at
least 500 words long and is organized as follows:
• Introduction – one to two paragraphs
• Body – at least three paragraphs
• Conclusion – one or two paragraphs

Content
Have you substantially explained the
phenomenon you chose to explain? Did you 10 points
provide convincing and adequate support for
your explanations?
Organization
Have you arranged the main points of your 7 points
essay clearly and logically? Are there order
and logic in the ideas you presented in each
paragraph and in the entire essay?
Language and Mechanics
Did you observe proper use of language 3 points
forms (grammar) and mechanics
(punctuations, capitalization, etc.)?
Total 20 points

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

40
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Lesson Two: Researched-Based Argumentative Essay

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

✓ Differentiate the research-based argumentative essay from explanation essay

✓ Appreciate the benefits of doing research
✓ Demonstrate the ability to transform research into sound arguments
✓ Write a research-based argumentative essay of at least 1, 000 words on any topic of
your choice.

From Research to Argument

Explanation Essay Research-based

Argumentative Essay
What is it? An essay that answers the An essay that presents a
question why? writer’s position with support
from research studies.
What is the purpose of To inform the readers about To persuade readers to
writing the project? why something happens accept the writer’s position
Does it require research? Research may be used but Research must be used to
is not required. support the writer’s claim or
position

Producing a Research-Based Argumentative Essay

• Formulate the research questions.

• Find the answers to the research questions
• Do research

Preparing to Write the Paper

• The thesis statement. The main point or the central argument of your paper. It
expresses your stand in the issue you chose to do research on. In order to formulate a
good thesis statement, make sure that it does the following:
a. Presents a strong position that is supported by convincing evidence
b. Suggests framework for organizing the essay.
• The outline. Gives your paper a general shape. It is some sort of written plan for your
essay. Your outline must be complete. It must contain all the main points of your
research-based argumentative paper. This means that the outline should have the
following parts:
a. Your thesis statement
b. Your argument and specific support for this argument.
c. The opposing argument and specific support for this argument
d. A list of sources for all the support that will be used in the paper.
• The essay. Make sure that you practice intellectual honesty by acknowledging all your
sources.
PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT
41
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Task 4.3.3 Research-Based Argumentative Essay

Name:
Program/Year: Date:

Write your research-based argumentative paper with a clear introduction, body, and
conclusion. For a 1,000-word essay, the introduction and the conclusion should not be
longer than two paragraphs. Use the space below for your draft.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

42
ENG101 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2020-2021

Here’s a rubric to guide you as you write your research-based argumentative essay.

Writing Craft Evidence 1 2 3 4

There is a clear thesis or position based
on logical reasons and supported by
precise relevant evidence
The introduction grabs your attention
Organization and Progression causing you think pause and think right
away.
The conclusion is interesting and focused
The writer engages you in his/her
argument using strong evidence through
the uses specific and unique experiences
Development of Ideas or view of the world to win the reader’s
approval. The argument is forceful and
convincing because the reasons and
evidence the writer uses to support the
position are specific and well chosen
The writer’s word choice is purposeful and
Use of Language and precise.
Conventions Grammar, punctuation, spelling are
flawless.
Total Score
CTTO: https://studylib.net/doc/17796347/persuasive-argumentative-essay-rubric

PREPARED BY: JACKIELYN F. LACEBAL, LPT

43