1 Time for change

Vocabulary Behaviour VOC APP

1 Find six pairs of opposites. 4 Complete the sentences with the adjectives.
acceptable direct dishonest easy-going acceptable honest indirect
fair honest indirect obligatory strict strict unfair voluntary
unacceptable unfair voluntary

1 acceptable / unacceptable
2 /
3 /
4 /
5 /
6 /
1 My school has a lot of rules. It’s very
2 1.1 Listen and write. Then repeat the words.
.
3 Look at the adjectives in red. Then read the 2 We don’t have to go to the school concert.
sentences and choose the correct option. It’s .
3 Why can’t I go to the party? All my friends
are going. It’s so !
4 It is to use a mobile phone
at lunchtime, but we can’t use it in the
classroom.
5 Thank you for telling the truth, Rachel.
That’s very of you.

5 Read the sentences and write A (I agree) or

D (I don’t agree).
1 It is never acceptable to be dishonest.

2 My school is very easy-going.

1 We don’t have to / have to wear a school uniform 3 All homework should be voluntary.
at our school. It’s obligatory.
2 Lucy always / never says exactly what she’s 4 Exams are always fair.
thinking. She’s very direct. 5 Computer programming should be an
3 They are / aren’t telling the truth. They’re being obligatory subject.
very dishonest.
4 Tom’s parents are very easy-going. He can / can’t BONUS
do what he likes. Complete these sentences with
your own ideas.
5 My brother gets more pocket money than me.
It is / isn’t fair! My brother is very easy-going.
1 … is / are easy-going. 3 … should be voluntary.
6 It is / isn’t OK to bully people. It’s unacceptable.
2 … is / are strict. 4 … is / are unfair.

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Spectrum Ess Prac [Link] 10 05/07/2016 09:26

I must be on
time for school.
Grammar Modals of obligation, prohibition and necessity
1 Complete the table with the verb forms.
didn’t need to doesn’t need to
don’t have to have to mustn’t
needs to

Present
Affirmative
I have to / need to / must go.

He has to / (1) / must go.

Negative
We (2) / don’t need to / 3 Choose the correct option.
(3) run. 1 We needed to / didn’t have to pay because the concert
She doesn’t have to / was free.
(4) / mustn’t run.
2 He must / mustn’t be honest and tell the truth.
Questions
3 Can you go to the shops? We need / needed some bread
Do you
have to / need to work? and milk.
Does he
4 I went to the bank because I need to / needed to get
Past some money.
Affirmative 5 Do you need to / Did you have to wear a uniform when
They had to / needed to wait. you were at school?

Negative 4 Complete the dialogue with the correct modals.

I didn’t have to / (5) go. Carmen So, how’s secondary school, Louis?
Questions Louis Well, it’s very different from primary school.
Carmen Do you (1) wear a uniform?
Did he (6) / need to go?
Louis Yes, we do. And we (2) /
2 Match 1–5 to A–E. do a lot of homework.
Carmen Do you do many subjects?
1 They don’t have to wear a uniform. B
Louis Yes, we do, so I (3) /
2 You mustn’t be late for school.
carry a lot of books.
3 She must / has to do her homework.
Carmen What about the teachers?
4 We need to buy food for the party.
Louis We (4) / call our
5 You don’t need to worry about Jake.
teachers ‘Sir’ or ‘Miss’. It’s obligatory. And we
He’s fine.
(5) forget to do our homework
A It is a necessity. because they get angry.
B It isn’t obligatory. Carmen And are the other students nice?
C It isn’t necessary. Louis Yes, they are. I (6) worry about
D It is prohibited. feeling lonely.

E It is obligatory. BONUS
Make sentences about something …
• you have to do every day.
• you don’t need to do today.
• you mustn’t do at school.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 103 Unit 1 11

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Vocabulary Personal qualities VOC APP

1 Read the descriptions and match two adjectives to each person.

active adventurous ambitious artistic confident

creative curious hard-working organized sociable

1 Olivia is really interested

in politics. She’s always 3 Maisie paints beautiful
reading books about pictures. She has a lot
it. Her dream is to be of imagination.
president one day.
curious,

2 Angus loves new experiences.

He has a lot of energy and
does a lot of extreme sports.

4 Toby plans everything

carefully. He studies very hard.

5 Charlie loves meeting new

people and he will start a
conversation with anyone.
He isn’t shy.

2 1.2 Listen and write. Then repeat the words.

3 How do you say these sentences in your language?

H He is studying for a degree in Biology.
WATC My dad has a successful career as a teacher.
OUT!

4 Match sentences 1–5 to the qualities in A–E.

1 Lucy wants to win a Nobel Prize one day. A She’s very active.
2 Daniel never forgets to bring his books to class. B She’s ambitious.
3 Tom has really original ideas for his stories. C I’m curious.
4 My sister is never at home. She is always doing something. D He’s organized.
5 I’m very interested in learning more about that person. E He’s very creative.

BONUS
Write a sentence to describe a friend or member
of your family. Use the adjectives in exercise 1.
My brother is very organized. He separates his socks by colour.

12 Unit 1 VOCABULARY REFERENCE PAGE 102

03 Spectrum L3 Ess Prac WB3 Unit [Link] 12 07/07/2016 15:35

I can speak
Grammar Modals of ability and permission French.

Modals of ability Modals of permission

1 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences 3 Match 1–6 to A–F to make sentencess
with the words in the box. about permission.

can speak can’t speak could run 1 You can use my phone
will be able to ride won’t be able to play 2 She went to the museum yesterday, but
3 Passengers are allowed to
4 He isn’t allowed to take a dictionary
5 He was ill, so
6 We had some bread, but

A to his English test.

1 She will be able to ride
B she couldn’t take any photos.
a bicycle.
bic
C we weren’t allowed to feed the animals.
Guten Tag. D if you need it.
Wie geht es dir? E he was allowed to leave early.
2 She F take hand luggage.
German.
4 Complete the sentences with a modal of permission in
the correct affirmative ✔ or negative ✘ form.
1 Ben to go out yesterday. ✘
2 We go to bed late on Fridays. ✔
3 My brother stay out until eleven o’clock
when he was my age. ✔
3 He very 4 In my country, you vote until you are
fast. eighteen. ✘
Parlez-vous français? 5 We to use our phones at break time. ✔

Consolidation
5 Complete the questions with a modal of permission
4 She
and the verbs in brackets.
No, sorry. French.
1 At what age you (drive)
a car in your country?
2 Are you to (have) mobile
phones in your school?
5 They 3 you (stay out) late?
football 4 you (go) to the cinema
for ever. on your own when you were ten?
2 Do the sentences in exercise 1 refer to present, 5 Were people to (smoke)
past or future? on public transport in the past?
1 future 4 6 Ask and answer the questions in exercise 5.
2 5
3

GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 103 Unit 1 13

03 Spectrum L3 Ess Prac WB3 Unit [Link] 13 07/07/2016 15:37

Grammar Modals of advice You should study harder.

1 Complete the table with the negative 4 Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.
form of should.
do do something creative forget Maths
Affirmative give up sport study Art and Design
You should be more active.
Sandra should do more exercise.
Negative Laila In today’s show, we’re giving advice
about future careers. Our first
They (1) worry. question is from Sam. Hi, Sam.
He (2) forget her birthday. Sam Hi, Laila. I’m very active and I love
Questions sport. What should I (1) ?
Should I learn another language? Laila Well, you could train to be a
What should we do? professional athlete or a sports coach.
h.

2 Write the words in the correct order Sam That’s a good idea. But I’m also good
to make sentences and questions. at Maths and Art, and I like clothes and
nd fashion.
fashion
Laila Perhaps you should (2) ,
1 advice / my / should / listen to / you
then. You could design sports clothes.
Sam That sounds good. Should I (3) ?
2 feel / Robbie / nervous / shouldn’t
Laila Yes, that’s a good option. But you shouldn’t
(4) and technical drawing. And you
3 do / should / sport / I / more / ? shouldn’t (5) . It will give you lots of ideas.

4 you / late / shouldn’t / arrive

5 should / ring / the doorbell / we / ?

Consolidation
5 Complete the careers advice for these people.
3 Complete the sentences with should or
shouldn’t and the verbs in the box. Elena is active, adventurous and sociable. She loves
mountain sports. She doesn’t like studying very much.
be stop study wear worry
1 She should
1 You about your
English. It’s really good. 2 She shouldn’t
2 He smoking. It’s
very bad for his health. Brad is hard-working, organized, and he
e.
loves Maths. He isn’t very artistic or activ
3 She late. It’s
very rude.
3 He should
4 What we
4 He shouldn’t
for the exam?
5 You a coat. It’s
very cold today. BONUS
Talk or write about something …
• you can do well.
• you couldn’t do when you were a child.
• you mustn’t do at school.
• you should do for a member of your family.

14 Unit 1 GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 103

03 Spectrum L3 Ess Prac WB3 Unit [Link] 14 07/07/2016 15:40

Reading Coming of age

Coming of age is the transition from child to

A adult. Many cultures celebrate this moment
in different ways.

In some parts of South America, girls

In England, you can get married at sixteen D become adults on their fifteenth birthday.
B
with your parents’ permission and you can Their relatives organize a big party called
vote when you are eighteen. However, people a quinceañera.
usually celebrate coming of age on their
twenty-first birthday. Sweet-sixteen parties, on boys’ and girls’
sixteenth birthdays, are a tradition in the
USA and Canada. Some families celebrate
In other cultures, becoming an adult depends on
C with huge parties, although others treat
experience, not age. In Ethiopia, before Hamar boys
it as a normal birthday.
become men they must run four times over the
backs of their cattle. The young men of the Xavante When do people come of age
tribe in Brazil have to spend fifteen days in the river in your country?
before they can become an adult. They can only
leave the water occasionally to sleep.

1 1.3 Listen and read. Match topics 1–4 to paragraphs A–D.

1 tests of young people’s physical abilities
2 special events
3 legal rights at different ages
4 a definition of coming of age

2 Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1 English teenagers can get married at sixteen if their
parents allow them to.
2 In England, your twenty-first birthday is more important
than your sixteenth birthday.
3 Hamar boys have to demonstrate their skills before they
can become adults.
4 Young Xavante men must sleep for fifteen days in water A quinceañera party
to become men.
5 The quinceañera is common all over South America.
BONUS
Answer the questions.
3 Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions.
1 What is ‘coming of age’?
1 bulls and cows:
2 sometimes: 2 When can you vote in England?
3 choose a candidate in an election:
4 traditional community with the same customs: 3 When do sweet-sixteen parties take place
in the USA?
5 people in your family:

Unit 1 15

Spectrum Ess Prac [Link] 15 05/07/2016 09:27

Writing a profile
Look at language: order of adjectives 3 Complete the text with the words in the box.
1 Complete the table with the adjectives in the box. easy-going modern respect
shoes talk white
large new old red ugly

MY JUDO CLASSES
Opinion Size Age Colour Noun
A nice big (1) studio
A modern (2) car A Classes and timetable
sports
A (3) (4) I do judo twice a week in a large
centre
(1) sports centre in my town.
An (5) grey building Classes are on Mondays and Fridays from
17.00 to 19.00. The classes are fun and my
Writing task instructor is (2) , but formal.

2 Read the text below. Which paragraph tells you … ? B Rules and recommendations
1 about an important event
There are a lot of rules. For example, you must
2 how long the classes last wear a clean (3) judo suit and
3 how you should prepare for dancing you mustn’t wear (4) on the
training area. You should treat your
u
ur
instructor and other students with h
(5) at all times.

C Events

At the end of the year, there is an

open class for family and friends.
Spectators mustn’t (6)
or make a noise!

4 Write a profile of an after-school activity or club.

A Classes and timetable Use the texts in exercises 2 and 3 to help you.
I have three ballet classes a week in a big
old dance studio. Classes are on Tuesdays,
Wednesdays and Thursdays from 16.00 to
18.00. My ballet teacher is nice, but very strict Paragraph 1 What is the activity or club? Where is
and direct. The classes are fun, but hard work. it? How often do you go? What is it like?

B Rules and recommendations

There are a lot of rules. You mustn’t be late for

class and you must bring the right clothes and Paragraph 2 What are the rules? Do you have any
shoes. For example, you have to wear white recommendations?
shoes for classical ballet and black shoes for
jazz. You should warm up before you dance
and you should drink regularly.

C Performances Paragraph 3 Do you do any special events?

Every year, the school organizes a show. This

year it’s The Nutcracker. I can’t wait!

16 Unit 1

Spectrum Ess Prac [Link] 16 05/07/2016 09:27

Practical English Reacting to news
Listening Speaking
1 1.4
Listen to the Key language
conversation and
match 1–4 to A–D. Oh, really? That sounds interesting / terrible!
How do / did you feel? How awful / surprising / exciting!
1 Jessica Ennis-Hill What happened next? That’s fantastic / understandable!
was born in What a shame!
2 She started
going to athletics
4 Complete the dialogue with phrases from the
camps when
Jessica Ennis-Hill Key language box.

3 She joined the City of Sheffield Athletics Club Megan I’ve started a new after-school activity.
when Harry (1)
4 She won a gold medal at the World Athletics What is it?
Championships in Megan It’s the Film Club. It’s
on Wednesdays.
A she was thirteen. C she was ten.
Harry Is it good?
B 1986. D 2009.
Megan It’s really good.
2 1.4Listen to the conversation again and match We’re learning how
the dates in the box to events A–D. to produce and
direct films.
2006 2010 2012 2015
Harry (2)
A Gold medal at the Olympic Games Megan Yes, it is. We’re making a new film now.
Harry (3) Do you need actors?
Megan Yes, we do. Would you like to be in it?
B Gold medal at the European Championships
Harry I’d love to.
Megan (4) Why don’t you
C Bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games come next week?
Harry Oh, no! I have piano practice on
Wednesdays.
D Second gold medal at the World Athletics Megan (5)
Championships
5 1.6 Listen and check your answers. Then practise
the completed dialogue.
3 1.5DICTATION
Listen and complete the dialogue.
Laura I go to a tae kwon do club. Your turn
Paul Oh, (1) ?
6 Practise talking about news using the Key
Laura Yes, I compete in local competitions.
language. Choose an idea from the box or
Paul How (2) ! use your own.
Laura Last month, I won a silver medal.
fail an exam lose an expensive object
Paul That’s (3) !
meet someone interesting win a competition
Laura But I have to train very hard. I don’t
have much free time. A I’ve lost my phone.
Paul That’s (4) . B That’s terrible!

INTERACTIVE VIDEO SPECTRUM SB3 PAGE 19 Unit 1 17

Spectrum Ess Prac [Link] 17 05/07/2016 09:27

Unit 1 check
Vocabulary 4 Write sentences with the opposite
meaning using modal verbs.
1 Match the adjectives in the box to the definitions.
1 You need to bring a dictionary to the
easy-going fair honest obligatory voluntary next class.
1 Relaxed and tolerant:
2 Something that you don’t have to do:
3 For example, rules that you must obey: 2 I’m not allowed to go out tonight.
4 Treating people the same:
5 Always telling the truth: 3 My brother was allowed to go to parties
at my age.
Score: /5

2 Match the beginnings (1–5) to the endings (A–E).

4 My advice is to go to bed late tonight.
1 adventur A ive
2 artist B ble
5 We’ll be able to have a picnic this
3 confid C ous weekend.
4 creat D ic
5 socia E ent

Score: /5
Score: /5

Grammar Practical English

3 Choose the correct option. 5 Match sentences 1–5 to reactions A–E to
1 Sarah can’t / couldn’t go to the party because she make five mini-dialogues.
was ill.
1 Someone stole my laptop!
2 Did you have to / must work last weekend?
2 I won the photography competition!
3 You should / can learn another language. I think it’s a
3 I went to the Benicàssim festival.
good idea.
4 Sorry, but I can’t come to your party.
4 He can / shouldn’t buy expensive clothes. They’re a
5 We’re going camping this weekend.
waste of money.
5 You mustn’t / don’t have to cheat at cards. It’s unfair. A What a shame! We’ll miss you.
B Oh, really? Was it good?
C That sounds nice. I hope you have good
weather.
D How awful! You should call the police.
E That’s fantastic! What was the prize?

Score: /5

Total score: / 25

Score:
S /5

18 Unit 1

03 Spectrum L3 Ess Prac WB3 Unit [Link] 18 08/07/2016 09:25

Culture 4 Match the words in the box to the pictures.
Alaska, USA
Alaska is a US state in the north-west hunt sled tent
of North America. Many native Alaskan tribes live
there, including Inuit, Yupik, Aleut and Eyak peoples.

1 Read the text quickly. Who is going on a trip?

2 1.7 Listen and read the text.

Growing up in Alaska 1 2

Siluk is twelve years old. He’s an Inuit boy, and

he lives on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Today, Siluk
is going on a trip with his dad and his uncle.
This is an Inuit tradition for boys of Siluk’s
age. They will travel by dog sled and stay in
a tent. Siluk has to learn traditional skills.
He needs to know how to fish and to hunt 3
for food. He also needs to learn
rnn 5 Use your dictionary. Find the opposites of
how to survive in the difficultt these words from the text.
Arctic weather conditions. A 1 traditional:
successful trip shows that a
2 difficult:
boy has become an adult.
3 successful:

6 1.8 Listen and write true (T) or false (F).

1 Tina went camping with her friends.
2 Tina enjoyed the camping trip.
3 It rained a lot on the camping trip.
4 They stayed in the tent a lot of the
time.
5 The tent fell down on the first night.
6 Tina wants to go camping again.

3 Answer the questions. Your turn

1 How old is Siluk? 7 Work on yo
your
y ur own or
or in p
pairs.
airs. Ma
M
Make
ke a pho
photo
oto
o
essay
essa
es say
y ab
abo
about
outt a tr
ttrip
ip
p tthat
hatt y
ha you
yo u we
w
went
nt o
on.
n.

2 Where does Siluk live?

3 How is Siluk going to travel?

. Our first
4 What does Siluk have to learn? skiing holiday

CULTURE VIDEO SPECTRUM SB3 PAGE 17 Unit 1

U 19

03 Spectrum L3 Ess Prac WB3 Unit [Link] 19 07/07/2016 15:41

1 Vocabulary reference VOC APP

Behaviour Personal qualities

acceptable fair active
direct honest
dishonest indirect
easy-going

adventurous
ambitious

obligatory unacceptable
strict unfair
voluntary

artistic
confident
creative
curious

hard-working
organized
sociable
Practical English That sounds interesting / terrible!
Reacting to news
How awful / surprising / exciting! Oh, really?

That’s fantastic / understandable! How do / did you feel?

What a shame! What happened next?

102 Unit 1

12 Spectrum L2 Ess Prac WB3 [Link] 102 08/07/2016 09:59

1 Grammar reference

Modals of obligation, prohibition Modals of ability and permission: can, will

and necessity: must, have to and be able to and allow / be allowed to
need to Use
Use • We use can and will be able to to talk about ability.
• We use have to and must to talk about an My brother can fly a plane. / I can’t speak Chinese. 
obligation or a rule. You’ll be able to speak Chinese when you finish your
We have to wear a school uniform. course.

• We use don’t / doesn’t have to when we talk • We use can, allow someone to and be allowed to when we
about something which isn’t obligatory. talk about permission.
‘Can we go to the park?’ ‘No, you can’t.’
We don’t have to wear a tie.
We are allowed to bring our phones to school.
• We use mustn’t
to talk about My mum doesn’t allow me to stay out late.
prohibition. Form
You mustn’t make Affirmative
noise in the library. I can swim. She could swim. We will be able to
They allow me to He allowed us to swim.
• We usually use
swim. swim. She’ll allow me to
have to in questions. Must isn’t common in I am allowed to We were allowed swim.
questions. swim. to swim.
Do you have to wear a school uniform? Negative
I can’t swim. She couldn’t swim. We won’t be able to
• We use need to when we talk about necessity.
They don’t allow He didn’t allow us swim.
We need to buy milk and cereal for breakfast. me to swim. to swim. She won’t be allowed
I’m not allowed to We weren’t to swim.
Form swim. allowed to swim.
• Must has the same form for all subject Questions
pronouns.
Can I swim? Could she swim? Will we be able to
• Must is used with the infinitive without to. Do you allow me Did she allow you swim?
to swim? to swim? Will you allow me to
Affirmative Is he allowed to Was he allowed to swim?
I / You / We / They have to / had to / need to / swim? swim? Will we be allowed to
needed to / must finish. swim?
He / She / It has to / had to / needs to /
needed to / must finish.
Modals of advice: should
Use
Negative
• We use should to give advice or a recommendation.
I / You / We / They don’t have to / didn’t have to /
don’t need to / didn’t need to / mustn’t stop. You should go to bed earlier. / You shouldn’t worry.
He / She / It doesn’t have to / didn’t have to / What should we do?
doesn’t need to / didn’t need to / mustn’t stop.
Form
Questions
• Should has the same form for all subject pronouns.
Do / Did I / you / we / they have to / need to
finish? Affirmative I / you / They / She should study more.
Does / Did he / she / it / they have to / need to Negative He / It / We shouldn’t arrive late.
finish? Questions Should he / they tell a teacher?
Unit 1 103

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