2.symetrical Components - To - Students

G.

Narayanamma Institute of Technology and science (for women)

EEE DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SIMULATION LAB
Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Aim: 1) To determine the symmetrical components of unbalanced power
system, and to analyze the unbalanced faults.
2) To determine the Power in the unbalanced system by using symmetrical
components
PROBLEM :1 Resolve the following set of three unbalanced voltages into

symmetrical components. All the quantities given in are in per unit.
V a =1.0, V b =1 .2 ∠−110° and V c=0.9 ∠120 °
PROBLEM :2 Consider the voltages given in Problem 1, Let us further
assume that these voltages are line-to-neutral voltages and they supply a
balanced Y-connected load whose per phase impedance is ZY = 0.2 + j0.8 per
unit. Determine per unit currents in the three phases, and power by
symmetrical components.
Software: MATLAB
Theory:
An unbalanced set of N related phasors can be resolved into N
systems of phasors called the symmetrical components of the original
phasors. For a three-phase system (i.e. N = 3), the three sets are:
o
1. Positive Sequence - three phasors, equal in magnitude, 120 apart, with
the same sequence (a-b-c) as the original phasors.
o
2. Negative Sequence - three phasors, equal in magnitude, 120 apart, with
the opposite sequence (a-c-b) of the original phasors.
3. Zero Sequence - three identical phasors (i.e. equal in magnitude, with no
relative phase displacement).
Symmetrical components allow unbalanced phase quantities such as

currents and voltages to be replaced by three separate balanced symmetrical
components.
The original set of phasors is written in terms of the symmetrical

components as follows:
Fig. 1 Representation of (a) an unbalanced network, its (b) positive sequence, (c)
negative sequence and (d) zero sequence.
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G.Narayanamma Institute of Technology and science (for women)
EEE DEPARTMENT
The symmetrical component transformation matrix is then given by
Va 1 1 1 Va0 V a0
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
V b = 1 a2
Vc 1 a
a V a1 =A V a 1
2
a Va2 V a2
; (1)
V a0 1 1 1 Va
[ ] [ ][ ]
V a2
1
V a1 = 1 a a 2 V b
3
1 a2 a V c
(2)
where 0 indicates zero sequence, 1 indicates positive sequence, and 2

indicates negative sequence. Defining the vectors Va012 and Vabc as
Defining the vectors Va012 and Vabc as
V a0 Va
[] []
V a 012= V a1 , V abc = V b
V a2
V abc = AV a 012
Vc
we can write (1) as (3)
we can write (2) as V a 012= A−1 V abc (4)

where A is the symmetrical component transformation matrix and is given
by
1 1 1 1 1 1
[ ]
A= 1 a2 a
1 a a2 , and
1
A = 1 a a2
3
−1
1 a2 a [ ] . (5)
REAL AND REACTIVE POWER

The three-phase power in the original unbalanced system is given by
¿ ¿ ¿ T ¿
Pabc + jQ abc =V a I a +V b I b +V c I c =V abc I abc (6)

where I is the complex conjugate of the vector I. Now from (3) and (4), we get
Pabc + jQ abc =V Ta012 A T A ¿ I ¿a012 (7)
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EEE DEPARTMENT
1 0 0
we get
T ¿
A A =3 0 1 0
0 0 1 [ ]
Therefore, from (4) we get
¿ ¿ ¿
Pabc + jQ abc =3 ( V a0 I a 0 +V a1 I a 1 +V a 2 I a2 )
(8)
We then find that the complex power is three times the summation of the
complex power of the three phase sequences.
CALCULATIONS:
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EEE DEPARTMENT
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EEE DEPARTMENT
1. MATLAB CODE FOR SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
clear all
clc
% Unbalanced voltages in polar form: magnitude and angle
Vabc = [1.0 0;
1.2 -110 ;
0.9 120];
% Covert into Rectangular form

mag= Vabc(:,1);
ang=pi/180*Vabc(:,2);
Vabc_rect=mag.*(cos(ang)+j*sin(ang));
fprintf('\n Unbalanced voltages must be expressed in a one column array in

rectangular complex form \n')
fprintf(' or in a two column array in polar form, with 1st column magnitude & 2nd
column \n')
fprintf(' phase angle in degree. \n')
%Define ‘a' operator

a=cos(2*pi/3)+j*sin(2*pi/3);
% Symmetrical transformation and Matrix
A = [1 1 1; 1 a^2 a; 1 a a^2];
V012= inv(A)*Vabc_rect
% Symmetrical component Voltages

V012_polar= [abs(V012) 180/pi*angle(V012)];
fprintf(' \n Symmetrical components Va0,Va1,Va2.\n')

fprintf(' Magnitude Angle Deg.\n')
disp(V012_polar)
2. MATLAB CODE FOR POWER BY SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
clear all
clc
% Given star connected impedance per phase

ZY=0.2+j*0.8
% unbalanced supply voltages

Vabc = [1.0 0;
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EEE DEPARTMENT
1.2 -110 ;
0.9 120];
% Covert into Rectangular form

mag= Vabc(:,1)
ang=pi/180*Vabc(:,2)
Vabc_rect=mag.*(cos(ang)+j*sin(ang))
% Unbalanced Current
Iabc = Vabc_rect./ZY
%Define ‘a' operator

a=cos(2*pi/3)+j*sin(2*pi/3);
% Symmetrical transformation and Matrix
A = [1 1 1; 1 a^2 a; 1 a a^2];
Va012= inv(A)*Vabc_rect
Ia012 = inv(A)*Iabc
% Complex power
S=3*Va012'* conj(Ia012)
RESULTS:
Signature
Name Roll No. Marks
of staff
Lab In –Charge HOD –EEE
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G.

Narayanamma Institute of Technology and science (for women)

Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

PROBLEM :1 Resolve the following set of three unbalanced voltages into

Symmetrical components allow unbalanced phase quantities such as

The original set of phasors is written in terms of the symmetrical

Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

The symmetrical component transformation matrix is then given by

where 0 indicates zero sequence, 1 indicates positive sequence, and 2

we can write (1) as (3)

we can write (2) as V a 012= A−1 V abc (4)

REAL AND REACTIVE POWER

Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

1. MATLAB CODE FOR SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

% Covert into Rectangular form

fprintf('\n Unbalanced voltages must be expressed in a one column array in

%Define ‘a' operator

% Symmetrical component Voltages

fprintf(' \n Symmetrical components Va0,Va1,Va2.\n')

2. MATLAB CODE FOR POWER BY SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

% Given star connected impedance per phase

% unbalanced supply voltages

Experiment No: 2 IV-B.Tech EEE –I- Sem

% Covert into Rectangular form

%Define ‘a' operator

Lab In –Charge HOD –EEE

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