MODULE 5 & 6

St. Augustine’s School of Iba Inc.

Iba, Zambales

SUBJECT: Oral Communication

Semester of A.Y. 2020-2021
Prepared by: Ms. Mary Antonnette Lao, LPT

Introduction
Speaking in public presupposes speaking before an audience or a group of people. You may
speak with your friends and your family, in front of your classmates and your teachers, or in front of
any group of audiences depending on the purpose or function. Some of the purposes or functions
of speeches may include speech to inform, speech to persuade, or speech to entertain. Developing
CRAFTING AND DELIVERING SPEECHES

public speaking skills may also help accuracy and fluency in the English language, which is beneficial
for speaking in any given situation be it in academic or any public speaking forum.
Intended Learning Outcomes
A. Distinguish types of speech
B. Use principles of effective speech delivery in every situation
C. Use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical organization,
duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness
D. Use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation, modulation, ‘stage’
presence, facial expressions, gestures, movements, and rapport with the audience.
Activity
 Speech Writing
 Speech delivery
Discussion

A. According to Purpose
a. Informative Speech
When the speaker talks about things that can enthuse the senses. This type of speech focuses
on what is tangible instead of abstract.
Categories of the topic:
i. Speeches about objects – an object is anything tangible and visible. Object speeches
focus on things that exist and they impart knowledge about these things. The object of
the speech must be of interest to the audience.
ii. Speech about the process – this kind of informative speech focuses on patterns of
action. This explains or illustrates how something is created, made, done, or works.
Process speech is often referred to as “how-to” speech. A plethora of topics is available
for this kind of speech.
iii. Speeches about events – this describes the occurrences of events in full. Information
about the date, time, place, and circumstances are provided. Like other informative
speeches, this should be relevant to the audience to serve its purpose. The objective
must be clear to both the speaker and the audience.
iv. Speeches about concepts – the focus of this kind of informative speech may be any of
the following: beliefs, ideas, theories, attitudes, or principles. Speeches about concepts
are more abstract compared to others. Concepts, however, must be presented
objectively and the speaker must refrain from making arguments.
b. Persuasive Speech
A persuasive speech aims to convince the audience to accept the speaker’s point of view.
The details of the speech are arranged in a way that will make the audience accept his/her
arguments.
Categories:
i. Factual speech or Question of fact speech – this is based on whether or not a topic is
true and is supported by pieces of evidence. For example, you may argue about
Shakespeare not writing all the plays attributed to him.
ii. Value Persuasive Speech or Question of Value Speech – this discusses whether or not
an idea or action is right or wrong. The moral or ethical aspects of a topic or an issue
are at the center of the speech presentation. An example of this would be a speech
on the legalization of same-sex marriage in the Philippines.
iii. Policy Persuasive Speech or Question of Policy – this is to convince the audience to
support or reject a policy, rule, or candidate. Listeners are persuaded whether a
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specific course of action should be taken or not. For example, a speech may center
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on allowing students to dye their hair during the school year.

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MODULE 5 & 6

Components
i. Logical Appeal – Arguments are effective if information shows clearly why a certain
…… conclusion is rational or true.
ii. Emotional Appeal – this makes the audience feel in a way that they incline to accept
a conclusion presented in the speech.
c. Entertainment Speech
A speech to entertain is a speech that attempts to amuse the audience. It is composed
mostly of anecdotes, or the main purpose is to inject humor to evoke laughter.

Examples:
Topic: Reproductive Health Law
General-purpose: To inform
CRAFTING AND DELIVERING SPEECHES

Specific purpose: To inform the audience about the present-day concepts of RH Law and
the efforts of the government and of the private sector to promote family planning.

General-purpose: To persuade
Specific purpose: To persuade the audience about the importance of RH Law, its
advantage, and its effects on family life and the country in general.

General-purpose: To entertain
Specific purpose: To amuse the audience with humorous stories relating to family planning.

B. According to Delivery
a. Impromptu Speech – this is delivered without notes or any formal preparation as it is
spontaneously delivered. Impromptu speech often occurs when someone Is asked to
give or say a few words on some occasions. This kind of speech is often brief and direct
to the point.
Guidelines
i. Formulate Central Idea
ii. Begin with a bang and go straight to the point
iii. Be as concrete and specific as possible
iv. Conclude on a strong note
b. Extemporaneous Speech – this presentation does not give the speaker a long time to
prepare. Because of time constraints, the speaker may just use a cue card for notes or
outlines. Speech delivery is like having a conversation with an audience.
Guidelines:
i. Widen vocabulary
ii. Be prepared with proper notes (pens, colored index card)
iii. Speak with a framework (Outline or Concept Map)
c. Manuscript – the speaker reads directly from his/ her manuscript except when referring
to visual aids. This kind of delivery has fewer chances of errors which may be very
important particularly when the speech involves legal matters. The only error that the
speaker may commit would be a mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over
complex sentence structures.
Guidelines:
i. Don’t rush
ii. Memorize the first and last line
iii. Look at the audience at the end of the sentence or the beginning of a new one
iv. Know when to pause
v. Practice several times
d. Memorized speech or Speaking from memory – the speaker has completely
memorized the speech. Because the speaker does not rely on notes or outlines s/he
can establish effective eye contact with the audience and employ appropriate body
gestures to accompany the delivery of the speech.
Guidelines:
i. Maintain the 140 words per minute speech rate
ii. Use hand gestures and movement
iii. Include expression in your voice
iv. Memorize not just the speech but also the outline of the speech
-End of Module 5-
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MODULE 5 & 6
Principles of Speech Writing

1. Choose a topic/ theme of your speech – the topic should be interesting to both speaker and
listener. One way to ensure this is to choose a relevant topic. It should be based on the
speaker’s purpose and objectives.
2. Audience Analysis – directly relate to the topics and purpose of the speech is audience
analysis. This includes the following:
a. Demographics
b. Psychological make-up
c. Physical setting
3. Sourcing of information – gather information and materials from a reliable source. You must
study different perspectives that concern your topic.
4. Organize your speech content – decide on the best way to present the details or information
CRAFTING AND DELIVERING SPEECHES

of your speech. An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas. It is
said that once your outline is ready, two-thirds of your speech writing is finished. There are
different ways to organize your presentation.
Types of outline
i. Chronological Outline
ii. Spatial / Geographical outline
iii. Cause and Effect
iv. Problem – Solution outline
v. Tropical Outline
5. Writing the draft
6. Editing and revising the speech – this involves correcting errors in content, grammar, spelling,
punctuations, capitalization, unity, and coherence. There’s also a need to edit for:
a. Focus – “what is the point?” “What is the message?”
b. Clarity – “ is the message clear?” “Are there enough supporting ideas?”
c. Conciseness and continuity – “ Does the speech contains unnecessary details?”
d. Variety – “is the speech boring?” or “does the presentation and content of the speech
excite or inspire the audience?”
e. Impact – “will the audience ponder or think about the speech after it is delivered?”
Tips:
1. Use metaphors, imagery, and analogies
2. Use effective repetition
3. Avoid filters and general expression
4. Use of politically correct words
5. Observe correctness in mechanics

Principles of Speech Delivery

Elements
1. Articulation – ability to clearly and correctly pronounce words
2. Modulation – the speaker’s ability to manipulate the resonance and timbre’s in one’s voice.
3. Stage Presence – ability to captivate the audience
4. Facial Expression, gestures, and movements
a. Descriptive gestures indicate the literal meaning
b. Symbolic gestures are representative or figurative rather than literal
c. Locative gestures point to a place, position, or direction
d. Emphatic gestures are used when words or ideas need to be stressed or emphasized
e. Transitional gestures are used to move the audience from one idea to the next to
enumerate things
f. Dramatic/imitative gestures impersonate another person’s action.
5. Rapport with the audience
Principles:
1. Stop trying to be a great speaker
2. When you make a mistake, no one cares about you
3. Visualization: if you can see it, you can speak it:
4. Discipline: practice makes perfect good
5. Description: make it personal
6. Inspiration: speak to serve
7. Anticipation: always leave your audience wanting for more:
Tips for effective oral delivery
a. Make a good set of notes, that you can follow in a glance, and practice, and practice,
and practice your presentation
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b. Dress for the occasion and tidy yourself up.

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c. Arrange the environment to suit your presentation and get rid of distractions
M.A.LAO
MODULE 5 & 6
d. Check the operation of audiovisual equipment before the presentation
e. Make sure your notes are in proper order
f. Make eye contact before you start to speak
g. Talk to your listeners as if you are having conversations with them
h. Use your voice expressively and meaningfully
i. Use your body expressively and meaningfully

Assessment
Activity 1: Write Up
Individually, you need to create a Persuasive Speech, to be delivered during our google meet
session. Follow the activity guide, and send your outputs via Google Drive, share it to my account,
[email protected].
(2nd Week) (Follow the Principles of Speech Writing)
CRAFTING AND DELIVERING SPEECHES

A. Create a Concept map based on your topic of choice. Also indicate the General and
Specific purpose of your topic.
B. Create a speech draft.
(4th Week)
A. Submit Final Copy of Speech. (Final Copies should be submitted ON or BEFORE NOVEMBER
21, 2020)
B. For your speech delivery you will be graded using the Rubrics:
Criteria Score
Content 30
Non-Verbal Cues 25
Attire 15
Voice Quality 20
Credibility 10
Total 100
Reflection

Resources and Additional Resources

 Dapat, Jose Rizal (2016) Oral Communication in Focus. Lorimar Publishing

 Gasulas, Allen (2016) Integrated English for Effective Communication. Pheonix Publishing House
 Pinzon, Mary Jannette (2017) Power Speak: Oral Communication in Context.
bathtub Abiva Publishing House Inc.
 Dividina, Jose ( 2017) Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High bathtub School.
St. Augustine’s Publication Inc.

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