Subject: Business Law
Topic: Negotiable Instruments
Submitted to: Brig. (R) Muhammad Saleem
Submitted by: M. Ahmad Ali
Roll No: L-21206
Class: MBA-4
Page 1 of 4
Factories Act 1934
This Act was basically designed to protect employee and to provide safety to the workers. This
law was applicable to only those factories where employed 100 or more workers. In 1891
another factories Act was passed which extended to the factories employing 50 / more workers.
This Act may be called the Factories Act, worker It extends to the whole of Pakistan.
It shall come into force on the 1st day of January 1935.
In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context. - (Section-1)
Worker
"Worker" means a person employed directly or through an agency whether for wages or not in
any manufacturing process, or in cleaning any part of the machinery or premises used for a
manufacturing process, or in any other kind of work whatsoever, incidental to or connected with
the subject of the manufacturing process, but does not include any person solely employed in a
clerical capacity in any room or place where no manufacturing process is being carried on
Factory
"factory" means any premises, including the precincts thereof, whereon ten or more workers are
working, or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a
manufacturing process is being carried on or is ordinarily carried on with or without the aid of
power, but does not include a mine, subject to the operation of the Mines Act, 1923 (IV of 1923).
Objective
The Act has been enacted primarily with the object of protecting workers employed in factories
against industrial and occupational hazards. For that purpose, it seeks to impose upon the owner
or the occupier certain obligations to protect the workers and to secure for them employment in
conditions conductive to their health and safety. To protect workers employed in factories
against industrial and occupational hazard. It also seeks to provide that employees should work
in healthy condition and precautions are to be taken for safety and prevention of accidents.
Highlight the provisions along with Penalties on violations for the followings: -
1. Artificial Humidification
The Provincial Government may, in respect of all factories in which humidity of the air is
artificially increased, make rules
Prescribing standards of humidification.
Regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air.
Directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be correctly carried
out and recorded.
Page 2 of 4
Prescribing methods to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation and cooling of the
air in the work-rooms.
In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the water used for the
purpose shall be taken from a public supply, or other source of drinking water, or shall be
effectively purified before it is so used.
If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a factory for increasing humidity which is
required to be effectively purified under sub-section (2) is not effectively purified, he may
serve on the Manager of the factory an order in writing specifying the measures which, in his
opinion, should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.
2. Drinking water
In every factory effective arrangement shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable
points conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of whole-
some drinking water.
All such points shall be legibly marked "Drinking Water" in a language understood by the
majority of the workers and no such point shall be situated within twenty feet of any washing
place, urinal or latrine, unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the Chief
Inspector.
In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed,
provision shall be made for cooling the drinking water during the hot weather by effective
means and for distribution thereof and arrangements shall also be made for -
The daily renewal of water if not laid on; and
A sufficient number of cups or other drinking vessels, unless the water is being delivered
in an upward jet.
(4) The Provincial Government may, in respect of all factories or any class or description of
factories, make rules for securing compliance with the provisions of this section.
3. Precautions against contagious or infections disease
Each worker in a factory shall be provided with a "Hygiene Card' in which during the month
of January and July every year entries shall be recorded after examination by appointed
factory doctor to the effect that the worker is not suffering from any contagious or infectious
disease. The fee of such an examination shall be fixed by the Provincial Government and will
be borne by the occupier or manager of the factory.
If a worker is found to be suffering from any contagious or infectious disease on an
examination under sub-section (1), he shall not be appointed on work till he is declared free
of such a disease.
4. Compulsory vaccination and inoculation
Each worker in a factory shall be vaccinated and inoculated against such diseases and at such
intervals as may be prescribed. The expenses, if any, of such vaccination and inoculation
shall be borne by the occupier or manager of the factory.
Page 3 of 4
5. Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers
Mostly countries like Pakistan and all developing countries have a large number of women
working in the field the factory act provide certain provision which are following.
No woman or child shall be employed in any part of a factory for pressing cotton in which a
cotton-opener is at work. Law Provided that if the feed end of a cotton-opener is in a room
separated from the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the
Inspector may in any particular case specify in writing, women and children may be
employed on the side of the partition where the feed end is situated.
6. Restriction on double employment
No adult worker shall be allowed to work in any factory on any day on which he has already
been working in any other factory, save in such circumstances as may be prescribed.
Penalties
This section states that in case there is any kind of contravention with the laws of the Act, then
the occupier and the manager of the factory will be equally responsible for the breaking of the
law. They will be punishable for with imprisonment up to 2 years and fine up to Rs.2 lakhs. In
case, they continue the breach, they will be punishable with Rs. 10 thousand each day of the
continuing breach.
If there is any contravention -
Any of the provision of Sections 13- 32 inclusive or
Any rule made under these sections
If any person is allowed to work in contravention:
Any of the provisions of Section 48
The manager and occupier of the factory shall each be punishable with fine which may extend to
five hundred rupees and it’s provided that if both the manager and the occupier are convicted, the
aggregate of the fines in respect of the same contravention shall not exceed this amount.
Page 4 of 4
