Lesson 1

Let’s Check
Activity 1. Now that you know the most essential terms about History, let us try to
check your understanding of these terms. In the space provided, write True or False.
True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect. (1 point each
number)

False
_____________________1. Studying history will teach students important skills.
True
_____________________2. History is derived from the Latin word historia, meaning
True inquiry or investigation.
_____________________3. Herodotus is considered to be the father of history.
False
_____________________4. Plutarch was a philosopher and teacher of Alexander the
Great who emphasized that knowledge is acquired
through employing a process of scientific investigation of
False past events.
_____________________5. Renato Constantino, a Filipino historian, who posited the
notion that “no document no history.”
True
_____________________6. Historical Analysis is the study of historical writing.
True
_____________________7. Speculative history goes beyond the facts and is
concerned about the “why” and “how” rather than the “what ”
True and “when”.
_____________________8. Absolute objectivity and impartiality are possible for the
historian.
True
_____________________9. Verisimilitude is the aim of every historian.
True
_____________________10. Historical method is the process of critically examining
and analyzing the records and survivals of the past

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Getting acquainted with the essential terms about history is not enough,
what also matters is your ability to understand the concepts and be able to explain the
relevance of history provided in each item. Now, I will require you to explain thoroughly
your answers. (10 points each item)

False
1. Discuss the importance of studying history.

History helps us understand people and societies offers a storehouse of information

about how people and societies behave. Through history we can gain access to the
laboratory of human experience and acquire some usable habits of mind as well as
basic data that affects our own lives. We emerge capacity for informed citizenship
critical thinking and sample awareness.

2. Explain the scope and limitation of history.

History has scope and limitation the useful distinction for begin with, is that between
human personality and human behavior. By behavior it can be described by a third
person (external) the world of action. By personality it can be tangled of individual
striving which underlies behavior the system of motivation and source of action.

3. Do you agree with Teodoro Agoncillo, when he said, “history is written by every
generation.Every generation writes its own history using the same sources. The
interpretations vary according to time.”

Agree, because Teodoro Agoncillo give us the idea that “History is written by every
generation. Every generation writes its own history using the same sources and
the interpretations vary according to time.”
4. Discuss the importance of historical analysis.

Analyzing history gives an understanding of the purpose and direction of events.

Understanding what happened in the past and how people responded to those events,
we can gain insights how to handle similar problem in the present.

In a NUTSHELL! In this section you will provide the very gist of the unit that you
have learned.

Democratic Points: You are going to jot down the things that you have
learned in bullet form. You may express it in sentence or in phrase.

 HISTORY as the systematic accounting of a set of natural phenomena.

 FACTUAL HISTORY characterised by or consisting of facts. It is the basic
information vis-a-vis the events that took place (what), the events happened
(when), and the people that were involved (who).

 SPECULATIVE HISTORY characterized by speculation; based on guessing

or unfounded opinions. It concerned about the reasons for which events
happened (why), and the way they happened (why).
 HISTORIOGRAPHY the traditional method in doing historical research that focus on
gathering of documents from different libraries and archives to form a pool of evidence
in making descriptive or analytical narrative.
 HISTORIANS individuals who write about history, and they seek to
understand the present by examining what when happen before.
Question & Answer (Q&A)

You are free to list down all the emerging questions or issues in the provided
spaces below. These questions or concerns may also be raised in the LMS or other
modes. You may answer these questions on your own after clarification. The Q&A
portion helps in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.

Questions/Issues Answers

1.

2.

3.

4.

Lesson 2

Let’s Check

Activity 1. Now that you know the different sources of historical data, let us try to check
your understanding of these terms by making a Venn diagram showing the differences
of the primary and secondary sources of information or data.

Primary sources Secondary sources

sources
Originally presented
Original and factual
Evaluation of primary
Not interpretative
sources
Second hand information
First-hand account of an event
Activity 2. Now that you are familiar about the different sources of historical data, what
also matters is your ability to identify the terms under this lesson. Write the letter of your
best answer in the space provided before each item.

C
_______1. Interview transcripts, statistical data, and works of art are what type of
source of information?
A. Static sources C. Primary sources
B. Descriptive sources D. Interpretative sources
C
_______2. Which of the following best describes narrative/literature?
A. This includes numerical and qualitative data
B. It presents chronicles and events in written form and is fictional in
nature
C. It presents chronicles and events in written form which aims to
impart a specific message to the readers.
D. A document based on facts of an existing legal situation used by
professional historians
B
_______3. Which type of source of historical data often lacks the freshness an
immediacy of the original material?
A. Primary Source C. Diplomatic source
B. Secondary Source D. Reliable source
C
_______4. Historians search for information about a past event by using historical
_______.
A. Sources C. Artifacts
A
B. Evidence D. Remains
_______5. These historical sources are materials by nature.
A. Unwritten sources C. Written sources
A B. Reliable sources D. Tattoo
_______6. An example of this is a skull cap which provides information about early
humans in the Philippines.
A. Artifact C. Tattoo
A B. Archives D. Relic
_______7. Among the following which is the best example of primary source?
A. Newspaper C. Painting
D B. Electronic data D. Tape recorder
_______8. What is the historical tract typically composed to inform contemporaries or
succeeding generations?
A. Narrative C. Juridical tracts
D B. Literature D. Scientific tracts
_______9. These are materials made by people long after the events being described
had taken place.
A. Primary source C. Scientific source
B. Diplomatic source D. Secondary source
A
_______10. Which is not an example of a primary source?
A. Biographies C. A birth certificate
B. Letters D. A photograph
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Primary sources and secondary sources of historical data have their own
benefits as well as advantages and disadvantages. In this part, you are required to give
a concise explanation/ discussion on the following items. (10 pts each item)

1. What are the benefits of using primary sources?

Primary sources help students develop knowledge, skills, and analytical abilities. When
dealing directly with primary sources, students engage in asking questions, thinking
critically, making intelligent interferences, and developing reasoned explanation and
interpretations of events and issues in the past and present.

2. Do you affirm that primary sources are superior to secondary sources? Explain.

Yes, because primary sources provide a first-hand account of an event or time period
and are considered to be authoritative. While in secondary sources, it only attempt to
described or explain the primary sources.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of accessing secondary sources?

Advantages of secondary sources provide a variety of expert perspectives and insights.

Also, peer review usually ensures the quality of sources such as scholarly articles. The
disadvantage of it is not necessarily focused on your specific topic, it more often to dig in
to find applicable information.
In a NUTSHELL! In this section you will provide the very gist of the unit that you
have learned.

Democratic Points: You are going to jot down the things that you have
learned in bullet form. You may express it in sentence or in phrase.
 PRIMARY SOURCES an original and first hand account of an event or period that are usually
written
of period that are usually written or made during or close to the
event or period.

 SECONDARY SOURCES materials made by people long after the events being
described to provide
valuable interpretations of historical events.

 DIPLOMATIC SOURCES documents or records existing in legal situation to create

new one .

 ORAL EVIDENCE source of information rold by tales or sagas of ancient people and
the folk popular
rituals from the permodern period of Philippine history.

 MATERIAL EVEDENCE also called achaeological evidence, is the most important

unwritten evidence
Includes artistics creations; pottery,jewelry and others about the
past .

Question & Answer (Q&A)

You are free to list down all the emerging questions or issues in the provided
spaces below. These questions or concerns may also be raised in the LMS or other
modes. You may answer these questions on your own after clarification. The Q&A
portion helps in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.

Questions/Issues Answers

3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

LESSON 3

Let’s Check

Activity 1. Now that you know the most essential terms about Historical Criticism, let
us try to check your understanding of these terms. In the space provided, write the
term/s being asked in the following statements:

External Criticism 1. It determines the authenticity of the source.

Biblical Criticism 2. This refers to a methodology developed by Hermann
Gunkel. It is a criticism that situates a text within a stream
of a specific tradition and attempts to describe the
development of the tradition over the course of time. 

Biographical dictionary 3. It is a dictionary of biography that gives examples of

handwriting.
Sigillography 4. It is a scholarly discipline that studies the wax, lead, clay,
and other seals used to authenticate archival documents.

Historical Criticism 5. This means that the historical texts are primitive and
historical context in the primitive sense.
Higher Criticism 6.This criticism deals with more important matters than the
external form.
Factual History 7. This refers to the time/century when Historical criticism was
properly formed
Social Document 8. It determines the historicity of the facts contained in the
document.
Redaction Criticism 9. This examines the way the various pieces of the tradition
have been assembled into the final literary composition.
The arrangement and modification of these pieces can
reveal something of the author’s intentions and the
means by which he hoped to achieve them.
Anachronism 10. This refers to the era when historical forgery was not
known.

Let’s Analyze

Activity 1. Historical criticism has its own benefits and so as the way we write it. In this
part, you are going to discuss the following terms in each item. (10 pts each item)

1. What is historical criticism?

Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a

branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text in order to
understand "the world behind the text". The primary goal of historical criticism is to
ascertain the text's primitive or original meaning in its original historical context and its
literal sense or sensus literalis historicus. The secondary goal seeks to establish a
reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text. This may
be accomplished by reconstructing the true nature of the events which the text
describes.

2. Discuss the importance of historical criticism

The importance of Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or

higher criticism, is a branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient
text in order to understand "the world behind the text". The primary goal of historical
criticism is to ascertain the text's primitive or original meaning in its original historical
context and its literal sense or sensus literalis historicus. The secondary goal seeks to
establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the
text. This may be accomplished by reconstructing the true nature of the events which
the text describes.

3. Do you believe that writing history is subjective? Why? Explain.

Writing history can be subjective because it referred as a belonging to, proceeding from,
or relating to the mind of the thinking subject and not the nature of the object being
considered. It is related to or emanating from a person's emotion, prejudices. Lastly,
biasness stand for as a mental tendency or inclination esp. an irrational preference or
prejudice or influence.

4. In what way can the writings of history be objective? Explain.

Also writing history must be objective because as the author commits it has some “truth”
or interpretation in mind that it will find the sources that uphold the truth. In the end,
there is no pure objectivity in history. There are only perspectives.
In a NUTSHELL! In this section you will provide the very gist of the unit that you
have learned.

Democratic Points: You are going to jot down the things that you have
learned in bullet form. You may express it in sentence or in phrase.
 EXTERNAL CRITICISM used in determining facts to weigh the testimony to do the truth.

 PALEOGRAPHICAL used in deciphering and dating of historical manuscript

 DIPLOMATIC CRITICISM or critical analysis of historical documents to understand how the

documents
documents came to be, the information transmitted and the
relationship
between the facts purported in the document and the reality.

 INTERNAL CRITISM historicity of the past contained in documents.

 VERSIMILITUDE the truth authenticity ,plaussibility about the past.

Question & Answer (Q&A)

You are free to list down all the emerging questions or issues in the provided
spaces below. These questions or concerns may also be raised in the LMS or other
modes. You may answer these questions on your own after clarification. The Q&A
portion helps in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.

Questions/Issues Answers

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.