M4 - Jung

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Overview:
 Analytical Psychology – which rests on the assumption that occult phenomena can and do
influence the lives of everyone.
 Carl Jung believed that people are extremely complex beings who possess a variety of opposing
qualities, such as introversion and extraversion, masculinity and femininity, and rational and
irrational drives.

Biography:
 Born in Kesswil, Switzerland in 1875
 Oldest surviving child of an idealistic Protestant minister
 Mother’s family had a tradition of mysticism
 Jung decided to become a physician after dreaming of making scientific discoveries
 After receiving his medical degree in 1900, he became a psychiatric assistant to Bleuler
 Studied with Janet in Paris in 1902-03
 Both religion and medicine were his family background
 Jung’s mother’s family had a tradition of spiritualism and mysticism, and believer in the occult
(e.g. converse with ghosts)
 On one hand his mother was realistic, practical, and warm hearted, on the other hand, she’s
unstable, mystical, clairvoyant, archaic, and ruthless
 At age 3, Jung was separated from his mother who had to be hospitalized which developed his
distrust with the word love
 During school years, he became aware of his No. 1 and No. 2 personalities
 His first choice of profession was archeology, but was also interested in philology, history,
philosophy, and the natural sciences
 He read Freud’s writings and eventually began corresponding with Freud in 1906
 Freud saw Jung as his successor
 Jung became disenchanted with Freud’s theories and broke with the International
Psychoanalytic Association in 1913
 Began his own approach to theory and therapy called analytical psychology
 Jung’s theories became popular outside of psychology (e.g., religion, anthropology, and pop
culture)
 Died in Zurich in 1961

Levels of the Psyche

 Conscious
o Images are those that are sensed by the ego, whereas unconscious elements have no
relationship with the ego.
o Ego is the center of consciousness, but not the core of personality
 Personal Unconscious
o Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one
particular individual.
o A complex is an emotionally toned conglomeration of associated ideas
 Collective unconscious
o Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species
o Does not refer to inherited ideas but rather to humans’ innate tendency to react in a
particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically inherited response
tendency.
 Archetypes
o Are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.
o Instinct is an unconscious physical impulse toward action and saw the archetype as the
psychic counterpart to an instinct.
Archetypes:
 Persona – our public self

 Shadow – archetype of darkness, repression
 Anima – feminine side of men
 Animus – masculine side of women
 Great Mother – represent 2 opposing forces (positive and negative feelings)
 Wise Old Man – archetype of wisdom and meaning
 Hero – serve as model for ideal personality
 The Self – most comprehensive of all archetypes because it pulls together all other archetypes
and unites them in the process of Self-realization.
o Mandala – symbol for wholeness and perfection
The 12 Brand Archetypes
1. The Magician- makes dream come true

2. The Sage – always seeking the truth
3. The Innocent- just wants to be happy
4. The Outlaw – seeks revolution
5. The Jester – lives in the moment
6. The Lover – makes you theirs
7. The Explorer – break free, freedom
8. The Ruler – wants absolute power
9. The Caregiver – wants to be there for you
10. The Hero – wants to prove himself
11. The Regular Guy/Girl – wants to belong
12. The Creator – craves perfection
Character Archetypes
1. The Hero
2. The Mentor
3. The Ally
4. The Herald
5. The Trickster
6. The Shapeshifter
7. The Guardian
8. The Shadow
Dynamics of Personality
 Causality and Teleology
o Causality holds that present events have their origin in previous experiences.
o Teleology holds that present events are motivated by goals and aspirations for the
future that direct a person’s destiny.
o Behavior is shaped by both
 Progression
o Forward flow of psychic energy
o Necessary for adaptation to outside world
 Regression
o Backward flow of psychic energy
o Necessary for adaptation to inner world
Psychological Types
 Attitude as a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.
 Introversion is the turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective.
 Extraversion is the attitude distinguished by the turning outward of psychic energy so that a
person is oriented toward the objective and away from the subjective.
Four Functions:
 The four functions—Sensing tells people that something exists; thinking enables them to
recognize its meaning; feeling tells them its value or worth; and intuition allows them to know
about it without knowing how they know.
 Thinking
o Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas
o Extraverted thinking people rely heavily on concrete thoughts, but they may also use
abstract ideas if these ideas have been transmitted to them from without.
o Introverted thinking people react to external stimuli, but their interpretation of an event
is colored more by the internal meaning they bring with them than by the objective
facts themselves
 Feeling
o To describe the process of evaluating an idea or event.
o Valuing – more accurate
o Extraverted feeling people use objective data to make evaluations.
o Introverted feeling people base their value judgments primarily on subjective
perceptions rather than objective facts.
 Sensing
o The function that receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual
consciousness is called sensation.
o individual’s perception of sensory impulses
o Extraverted sensing people perceive external stimuli objectively, in much the same way
that these stimuli exist in reality.
o Introverted sensing people are largely influenced by their subjective sensations of sight,
sound, taste, touch, and so forth.
 Intuiting
o Intuition involves perception beyond the workings of consciousness.
o Extraverted intuitive people are oriented toward facts in the external world.
o Introverted intuitive people are guided by unconscious perception of facts that are
basically subjective and have little or no resemblance to external reality.
Development of Personality
Stages of Development
 Childhood
o Anarchic – chaotic, sporadic consciousness
o Monarchic – devt of logical, verbal thinking
o Dualistic – ego divided into objective & subjective
 Youth
o The period from puberty until middle life
o Major difficulty to overcome is conservative principle or the tendency to cling to
childhood
 Middle Life
o Begins at approximately age 35 or 40
o Period of anxiety and potential
 Old Age
o Diminution of consciousness
o Death is the goal of life
Self-realization
 is the process of becoming an individual or whole person
 Minimized persona, recognized anima and animus, balance between introversion and
extraversion.
 A.K.A. Individuation
 A psychological rebirth
 The process of “coming to selfhood”
 The person is dominated neither by unconscious processes nor by the conscious ego but
achieves a balance between all aspects of personality
 Rarely achieved
Jung’s Method of Investigation

 Word Association Test
 Dream Analysis
 Active Imagination
 Psychotherapy (Four Stages)
o Confession of a pathogenic secret
o Interpretation, explanation, and elucidation
o Education as social beings
o Transformation
Related Research
 Personality Type and Interest in Teaching
o Willing, Guest, & Morford (2001)
 Master-in-training students likely to be high in intuition and feeling
 Personality Type and Investing Money
o Filbeck, Hatfield, & Horvath (2005)
 MBTI a good predictor of risk tolerance among types
 Interest in and Attrition from Engineering
o Thomas et al. (2000)
 Extraversion predicted dropout from engineering courses
Critique of Jung
 Jung’s Theory Is:
o Moderate on Generating Research and Organizing Observations
o Low on Practicality, Internal Consistency, and Parsimony
o Very Low on Falsifiability
Concept of Humanity
 He was not Deterministic nor Purposeful, Optimistic nor Pessimistic
 People are both Causal and Teleological
 People Motivated by both Conscious and Unconscious Thoughts
 Biology over Social
 Similarity over Individual Differences

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Jung: Analytical Psychology

Levels of the Psyche

 Persona – our public self

The 12 Brand Archetypes

1. The Magician- makes dream come true

Jung’s Method of Investigation

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